SustainabilityNew Paradigm to Strengthen Army Contingency Operations

SustainabilityNew Paradigm to Strengthen Army Contingency Operations

Kurt J. Kinnevan P.E.United States Army Engineer School

Directorate of Environmental IntegrationFort Leonard Wood, MO

573-329-1925kurt.kinnevan@us.army.mil

Kurt J. Kinnevan P.E.United States Army Engineer School

Directorate of Environmental IntegrationFort Leonard Wood, MO

573-329-1925kurt.kinnevan@us.army.mil

AGENDAAGENDA Defining Sustainability

What it isn’t

“Official” Definitions

Why Sustainability Current Operations Sustainable System Requirements Challenges Conclusion The Way Ahead

Sustainability Is NotSustainability Is Not Just an Army Issue Just about Military Forces Sustainment Compliance Mandated Something for DPWs Just about Installations / Base Camps Another Environmental Thing “A Bad Thing” A Quick Fix A Done then Over Operations

Sustainability DefinitionSustainability DefinitionJP 1-02 - See Military Capability d. sustainability — The ability to maintain the necessary level and duration of operational activity to achieve military objectives. Sustainability is a function of providing for and maintaining those levels of ready forces, materiel, and consumables necessary to support military effort.

Army Strategy for the Environment – “paraphrased”sustainability — The ability to simultaneously meet current as well as future mission requirements worldwide, safeguard human health, improve quality of life, and enhance the natural environment.

Quadrennial Defense Review

National Defense Strategy

National Military Strategy

Why SustainabilityWhy Sustainability

Why SustainabilityWhy Sustainability

CURRENT OPERATIONSCURRENT OPERATIONS Austere Locations/Urban Environment Asymmetrical Operations Force Protection as a Priority Areas of Concentrated Force Forward Positioned for Rapid Response No force on force engagements US Military Better Equipped Insurgents Use Hit and Run/Hide, Engage Civilian Targets High Degree of Public visibility Stability and Recovery/Reconstruction Operations Concurrent

with Combat Operations Long Lines of Supply from Consolidated Major Supply Points Contractor Support Critical to Maintain Operational Capabilities

CURRENT OPERATIONSCURRENT OPERATIONS

Base Camps

Supply Lines

SPODs

Civil War World War II Present

Asymmetrical Battle / Force DistributionAsymmetrical Battle / Force Distribution

Major City or SettlementMajor City or Settlement

Main Operating BaseMain Operating Base

Forward Operating BaseForward Operating Base

Major Supply RouteMajor Supply Route

LegendLegend

Ft. WingateFt. WingateFt. MojaveFt. Mojave

Camp VerdeCamp Verde

Whipple BarracksWhipple Barracks

Ft. McDowellFt. McDowell

Ft. ApacheFt. Apache

Ft. HuachucaFt. Huachuca

Ft. YumaFt. YumaFt. ThomasFt. Thomas

Ft. GrantFt. Grant

Ft. BowieFt. Bowie

Ft. SeldenFt. Selden

Ft. BlissFt. Bliss

Ft. StantonFt. Stanton

Ft. CraigFt. Craig

Ft. BayardFt. Bayard

Ft. GarlandFt. Garland

Ft. MarcyFt. Marcy

Ft. BascomFt. Bascom

Ft. SumnerFt. Sumner

Fort UnionFort Union

TaosTaos

Santa FeSanta FeAlbuquerqueAlbuquerque

SocorroSocorro

El PasoEl Paso

TucsonTucson

PhoenixPhoenix

PrescottPrescott

The Southwestern Defense SystemThe Southwestern Defense System

Major City or SettlementMajor City or Settlement

Main Operating BaseMain Operating Base

Forward Operating BaseForward Operating Base

Major Supply RouteMajor Supply Route

LegendLegend

Sustainable System RequirementsSustainable System Requirements

Improved Deployability Improved Deployability Reusable/Durable/ReliableReusable/Durable/ReliableModular/Scalable Modular/Scalable Reduced Resource Reduced Resource

Requirements /Better Systems Requirements /Better Systems ManagementManagement

Enhanced SurvivabilityEnhanced Survivability

Improve DeployabilityImprove Deployability

Develop designs for self-Develop designs for self-assemblyassembly

Improve transportability and Improve transportability and maintenancemaintenance

Develop robust connections Develop robust connections (joints) to enable element (joints) to enable element deploymentsdeployments

Advance material selection Advance material selection available to designersavailable to designers

High strength-to-weightHigh strength-to-weightConvertible to energyConvertible to energyHighly insulating Highly insulating Improved ballistic resist.Improved ballistic resist.

Define appropriate Define appropriate deployment morphologydeployment morphology

TimeTime Mass/VolumeMass/Volume

ImagineImagine

Pull a string, system emerges… “Plastic” ISO containers, multi-use

Imagine

““Parts is Parts”Parts is Parts” Good Idea is a Good IdeaGood Idea is a Good Idea Backward and Forward Backward and Forward

EngineeredEngineered Leverage All Sources, “Beg…Leverage All Sources, “Beg…

Borrow…or Steal”Borrow…or Steal” Expedited DOTMLPF solutions, Expedited DOTMLPF solutions,

ESPECIALLY “M”ESPECIALLY “M”

Everything is “Purple” Everything is “Purple” One Inventory for SystemsOne Inventory for Systems InterconnectivityInterconnectivity Joint Systems EngineeringJoint Systems Engineering Joint DOTMLPFJoint DOTMLPF

Interchangeable Interchangeable ComponentsComponents

InterdependentInterdependentSystemsSystems

No Stovepipes, Concept to Employment in Real Time

Base Camps all look andOperate the Same

Reusable/Durable/ReliableReusable/Durable/Reliable

Needs to Increase ModularityNeeds to Increase Modularity

Enhance Ability to Handle SurgesEnhance Ability to Handle Surges Improve Scalability and Ability to Improve Scalability and Ability to

Expand or Contract (Physically or Expand or Contract (Physically or Capability)Capability)

Increase Number of Feasible Increase Number of Feasible Configurations with Reduced Configurations with Reduced Number of ComponentsNumber of Components

Improve ConnectabilityImprove Connectability Develop Standard Interface “plug”Develop Standard Interface “plug” Develop Adaptor/ Translation Develop Adaptor/ Translation

ModulesModules Easy to AssembleEasy to Assemble Easy to UseEasy to Use

Adaptive CapacityAdaptive Capacity Plug & PlayPlug & Play

ImagineImagine

Sleep 5, but pull string, then sleep 15

Genset/shower airdropped in with new visitors

Needs to Enhance Needs to Enhance SurvivabilitySurvivability Deploy enhanced ballistic Deploy enhanced ballistic

materialsmaterials Improve deception systems, Improve deception systems,

Minimize environmental signatureMinimize environmental signature Integrate LSA-dual use A/C-Integrate LSA-dual use A/C-

habitat-CBRNE protect habitat-CBRNE protect Develop improved sensor Develop improved sensor

systemssystems

Create base camp command and Create base camp command and control capabilitycontrol capability

Networked modulesNetworked modules Facility mgt via modules with self-Facility mgt via modules with self-

provided status/provided status/situational awarenesssituational awareness

Increased bandwidthIncreased bandwidth Improved network infrastructureImproved network infrastructure

Force protectionForce protection Information Mgmt (CInformation Mgmt (C44SI)SI)

ImagineImagine

Deploy a cloaking system(Harry Potter’s cloak)

Habitat tells central computer “people have left for day, cut A/C”

ImagineImagine

Reduce Resource Reduce Resource RequirementsRequirements Every module can run on Every module can run on

multiple/alternative power sourcesmultiple/alternative power sources Develop fuel cells for elect/ Develop fuel cells for elect/

water/heat generationwater/heat generation Self-sufficient modulesSelf-sufficient modules Higher Efficiencies, Quieter Higher Efficiencies, Quieter

Operations (Generators)Operations (Generators)

Develop Water Re-use and Develop Water Re-use and Cascading Capability to Optimize Cascading Capability to Optimize Water UseWater Use

Develop Re-usable, Re-Develop Re-usable, Re-configurable, Designer Packagingconfigurable, Designer Packaging

Automate Waste HandlingAutomate Waste Handling Improve Waste “Disposal”Improve Waste “Disposal” Waste to EnergyWaste to Energy

Energy managementEnergy management Waste managementWaste management

Genset “in” showers makeelectricity, heat, water

Recycled Water, Captured Waste Heat

Force Protection IssueForce Protection IssuessIntelligence - Waste Indicates Unit Size, Type, and MissionsIntelligence - Waste Indicates Unit Size, Type, and MissionsPhysical Security – Contractor Access and Terrorist ThreatPhysical Security – Contractor Access and Terrorist ThreatHealth and Safety – DNBIHealth and Safety – DNBI

Costly Set-up: Manpower, Time & MaterialsCostly Set-up: Manpower, Time & MaterialsLower PriorityLower PriorityRequires Special EquipmentRequires Special EquipmentRequires Trained PersonnelRequires Trained Personnel

Sustainment: Resources, Transportation & DisposalSustainment: Resources, Transportation & DisposalWater: 9 - 109 gallons/day/personWater: 9 - 109 gallons/day/personDiesel Fuel (Generators): 1 - 5 gallons/day/personDiesel Fuel (Generators): 1 - 5 gallons/day/personWastewater: 1.5 - 44 gallons/day/personWastewater: 1.5 - 44 gallons/day/personTrash: 0.04 - 0.16 cm/day/personTrash: 0.04 - 0.16 cm/day/person

Reduce Resource Reduce Resource RequirementsRequirements

SuppliesSupplies

Waste -> ResourcesWaste -> Resources

FoodFoodWaterWaterFuelFuelPersonal ItemsPersonal ItemsMaintenanceMaintenance Materials MaterialsConstructionConstruction Materials MaterialsOperationsOperations Materials Materials

Food GarbageFood GarbageSanitary Water Sanitary Water (Grey/Black)(Grey/Black)Wash Rack WaterWash Rack WaterSolid WasteSolid Waste (Construction Debris, (Construction Debris, Packing Waste, Sludge) Packing Waste, Sludge)Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste (Medical, Maintenance, (Medical, Maintenance, Operational) Operational) Other WasteOther WasteHeatHeat

Reduce Resource Reduce Resource RequirementsRequirements

SuppliesSupplies ResourcesResources

WaterWaterProcessingProcessing

PlantPlant

WaterWater Gray WaterBlack Water

Waste To Waste To Energy Energy

ConverterConverterEnergyEnergy

Solid Waste

Ash

Sludge

ComposterComposterSoilSoil

““Designer Designer Trash”Trash”

10%

Waste Heat

Blended Fuel

UsedOil

RecyclablesRecyclables

Reduce Resource Reduce Resource RequirementsRequirements

ChallengesChallenges

Waste Management and Waste Management and Waste Waste Management Must Be Planned for Management Must Be Planned for EarlyEarly

Reutilization of ResourcesReutilization of Resources Stand-off in Urban Areas is Stand-off in Urban Areas is

MinimalMinimal Size of the Areas to be ProtectedSize of the Areas to be Protected Materiel SolutionsMateriel Solutions CostCost Expedient Temporary Expedient Temporary

Compounds & Conventional Compounds & Conventional Structures Not Designed for Structures Not Designed for Force ProtectionForce Protection

Environmental concerns with Environmental concerns with existing locations/facilitiesexisting locations/facilities

Joint Operations Ownership CriticalJoint Operations Ownership Critical Lack of Leadership Training on Lack of Leadership Training on

SustainabilitySustainability Continuity of CommandContinuity of Command Material Availability / Re-SupplyMaterial Availability / Re-Supply Lack of Technical Training Programs for Lack of Technical Training Programs for

Sustainable Practices Sustainable Practices Standardization of Design Standardization of Design Do NotDo Not Expect Contractor Support Expect Contractor Support

for 12+ Monthsfor 12+ Months Trained Personnel - Soldiers and Trained Personnel - Soldiers and

CiviliansCivilians Command does not Place Adequate Command does not Place Adequate

Emphasis and Mission Focus on Emphasis and Mission Focus on Sustainable Operations Sustainable Operations

Dedicated SpecialtiesDedicated Specialties

ConclusionsConclusions Sustainability is Sustainability is notnot a New Concept for the Army and DOD a New Concept for the Army and DOD A Clear Definition is RequiredA Clear Definition is Required Education (Soldier & Civilian) is CriticalEducation (Soldier & Civilian) is Critical Same Priority for Research and Development for Same Priority for Research and Development for

Sustainability as Warfighting Sustainability as Warfighting Incorporate into Operational Planning and Execution as Early Incorporate into Operational Planning and Execution as Early

as Possibleas Possible Designated Leaders in the Army and in the Joint Community Designated Leaders in the Army and in the Joint Community

with Clear Lines of Responsibility Need to be Identifiedwith Clear Lines of Responsibility Need to be Identified

Where Do We Want To Be ? Where Do We Want To Be ?

Survivable, Portable, Deployable,Survivable, Portable, Deployable,Modular and Scalable Systems Modular and Scalable Systems with Optimized Resource with Optimized Resource Requirements that are Reusable, Requirements that are Reusable, Durable, Reliable, Compatible,Durable, Reliable, Compatible,and Interdependentand Interdependent

Joint & CombinedJoint & Combined Sustainable for the Long HaulSustainable for the Long Haul ““Zero Footprint”Zero Footprint” Designs in the Works for Next GenerationDesigns in the Works for Next Generation

Thinking Beyond the Current WarfightThinking Beyond the Current Warfight

Questions?Questions?