SUSSEX INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY

ISS 0263 - 516 X

Newsletter No 36 October 1982

CHIEF CONTENTS

A J Haselfoot

Pleasure P1ers A G Allnutt

From the Papers JoS F Blackwell

Annual General Meeting notl e of the Me t ng 15 enclosed It will be held on Saturday 20th November 982 at the Di tchh ng il lage Hall at 230 porn After the meet middot ng Mr A Allnutt will give an i llustrated talk and discussion on Old Bridges in Sussex

BrIck Study Group The usual meetI ng of t he Group w1 Il take p l ace before the A GoM aLl1 a m also in the Ditchl ng illageHalL It is tre_sed that all Members of the Society I II b l er y welcome at th I S meeting

Brighton to-Worthing Railway Me_ rs IC Mi tchel l and Keith Smith are following their books Branch Lines to Mdh r 5t and_ BranchL1nes to Horsham by the fIrst book in a projecteJ South Coa_t Rai l ays ser1 e~ due for publication in March 1983 They would be p eased to hear f r om any Memb er who may have material relating to this line partlcul arly to the I ndustri al s dings and the i r traffic Hove Gasworks and Kingston Wharf are Locat I ons in wh ch they are e_ pec1ally interested Please telephone Mi dhurs t 3169 or Eas t Wi ttering 3672 i f you are able to help

The authors above-men t I oned books nave receIved very favourable reviews and are published by The MI ddleton Press M1 dhurs teach book comprises a concise introduction followed by a range of carepoundully~chosen photographs with captions detailing the Information r e l e ant to the picture

ChurchhillTravelling Fello~sh lp s One of the cat egories for which a Travelling Fellowship may be awar ded t llS year IS Natural Hi s tory and Conservation of Local Envi ronmenr h Fel 0 ShlP~ are open to all U K citizens no special qualifl cation_ bIng r eqUIred about 100 are awarded each year The average overseas stay s about e ght aeks all expense~ being paid Further information and applicat Ion fo r ms are available hom The lhnston Churchill Memorial Trust 15 Queen I S Gat e Terrace London S 7 5PR Applications must however be in by 27th Octob r

PLEASE NOTE THAT THE LATEST DATE FOR ACCEPT CE

OF COPY FOR THE JANU RY NEWSLETT ER IS

WEDENSDAY 15th DECEMBER

South Eas t Reg ana l Industri a r chaeology -Conference SER _AC) This is a newly-formed grouping of the Industrial Archaeology Societies i n Sou th East England includi n g the Surrey Industr middot al History Group the East Kent Mi lls Group t he Favers haill SOC1e1Y t h e Greater London IndustrTa Arc a~ology Soci ety and the Sussex Industr1a l Ar h aeo1 0gy Soc i ety

Eprlosed are de ta1l s _and an application form for t s fi r st one-day Conference and Ex hlb tlon on Saturday Apn l 16th 1983

1m tt tution -of Mechanical Englneers ~ Engineering Her i tage Hallmarks Scheme The sch eme 15 setup t o re cogn is e artefactgt outsi de the orb i t of mu s eums represent atlve of mechan c al eng1neeri ng during t he past 200 years Theo

object chosenl1lust show i ndustrI al innovatlon a facet o f mechanical enginshyeerlng or beasSoclated w1th a personor event middot h i ch has made a major contribution to the nation and or mechanical engineeri ng and some features of which are un i que e g h rst of a k i nd oldest extant l as t surviving example etc

If any member- of the Society couldrnake a contn bution _ 0 the scheme Mr D H Coxg-our Programme _Secr e tary _wouldbe_pLeasooto act as a contact with the InstitutionDf MechanIcal Engineers

Brighton Locomot ive Works Association (BLWA) This Assocation has recently become a member of our Soc i e j it formsa part of the Barry Steam Locomotive Ac t on Group wh i ch l s a nat I onal organisation formed to rescue steam locomotives sold for scrap in the 1960 s but which surprisingly have surv i ved 0

Bri ghton has a conSIderable railway history but has no local exhibition of railway material it has howerer the abandoned preml ses of the former Pullman Car Co ~ ald the Ass oclat i on has obtained_occupat middoton of these and commenced the i r overhaul middotas we ll a s _having obtained _or 1 5 -negotiating for a number of excn ol t s rangI ng from Brlghtonmiddotbull t 10comot L VeS to small items such as Signals and sgns

Any of our Members intere s ted - i n thIS project whould geL in touch with the Assoc i ations Chairman Mr M J Cockayne 7 22Balsdean RoacL Woodingdean Brighton BN2 6PF

FORTHCOMING VISITS AljD EVENTS

Milne Electncal Museum Tonbridge Saturday 16th October 2 30 P om Members are reminderlof thi s final visit for this year The PrDgramme Secretary (ML DoH Cox) 111 send Members a map show i ng thelocationof the Museum on rece i pt of a self-addressed envelope

Sussex ArchaeologicaLSociety National Marl t ime Museum Greenwich Wednesday 3rd November The visit will L nclude_alecture by Dr David Cordingly on (The Art of the_Van de Veldes and a tour of an exhibition of his works Assemble at the Museum at 11 45 a m Maze Hi ll station on Dartford iine from London Bridge journey time lOmin _trains every 20min Museum L ee ExhibItion 7Sp (Sen Cit 40p Apply to the Meetings Secretary Barb I canHouse High Street Lewes BN7 lYE

0 __Next Year I S Programme Thi l S now being planned Please let the Programme Secretary knmJ of your I ~A interest Jli cus~ your i deas wi th other Members and let the ProgrammeSecretal have your suggestions

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South Eas t Reg ana l Industri a r chaeology -Conference SER _AC) This is a newly-formed grouping of the Industrial Archaeology Societies i n Sou th East England includi n g the Surrey Industr middot al History Group the East Kent Mi lls Group t he Favers haill SOC1e1Y t h e Greater London IndustrTa Arc a~ology Soci ety and the Sussex Industr1a l Ar h aeo1 0gy Soc i ety

Eprlosed are de ta1l s _and an application form for t s fi r st one-day Conference and Ex hlb tlon on Saturday Apn l 16th 1983

1m tt tution -of Mechanical Englneers ~ Engineering Her i tage Hallmarks Scheme The sch eme 15 setup t o re cogn is e artefactgt outsi de the orb i t of mu s eums represent atlve of mechan c al eng1neeri ng during t he past 200 years Theo

object chosenl1lust show i ndustrI al innovatlon a facet o f mechanical enginshyeerlng or beasSoclated w1th a personor event middot h i ch has made a major contribution to the nation and or mechanical engineeri ng and some features of which are un i que e g h rst of a k i nd oldest extant l as t surviving example etc

If any member- of the Society couldrnake a contn bution _ 0 the scheme Mr D H Coxg-our Programme _Secr e tary _wouldbe_pLeasooto act as a contact with the InstitutionDf MechanIcal Engineers

Brighton Locomot ive Works Association (BLWA) This Assocation has recently become a member of our Soc i e j it formsa part of the Barry Steam Locomotive Ac t on Group wh i ch l s a nat I onal organisation formed to rescue steam locomotives sold for scrap in the 1960 s but which surprisingly have surv i ved 0

Bri ghton has a conSIderable railway history but has no local exhibition of railway material it has howerer the abandoned preml ses of the former Pullman Car Co ~ ald the Ass oclat i on has obtained_occupat middoton of these and commenced the i r overhaul middotas we ll a s _having obtained _or 1 5 -negotiating for a number of excn ol t s rangI ng from Brlghtonmiddotbull t 10comot L VeS to small items such as Signals and sgns

Any of our Members intere s ted - i n thIS project whould geL in touch with the Assoc i ations Chairman Mr M J Cockayne 7 22Balsdean RoacL Woodingdean Brighton BN2 6PF

FORTHCOMING VISITS AljD EVENTS

Milne Electncal Museum Tonbridge Saturday 16th October 2 30 P om Members are reminderlof thi s final visit for this year The PrDgramme Secretary (ML DoH Cox) 111 send Members a map show i ng thelocationof the Museum on rece i pt of a self-addressed envelope

Sussex ArchaeologicaLSociety National Marl t ime Museum Greenwich Wednesday 3rd November The visit will L nclude_alecture by Dr David Cordingly on (The Art of the_Van de Veldes and a tour of an exhibition of his works Assemble at the Museum at 11 45 a m Maze Hi ll station on Dartford iine from London Bridge journey time lOmin _trains every 20min Museum L ee ExhibItion 7Sp (Sen Cit 40p Apply to the Meetings Secretary Barb I canHouse High Street Lewes BN7 lYE

0 __Next Year I S Programme Thi l S now being planned Please let the Programme Secretary knmJ of your I ~A interest Jli cus~ your i deas wi th other Members and let the ProgrammeSecretal have your suggestions

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REC eNT VI SITS AND E TENTS

Tour of East Sussex MIlls Saturday 13th June 1982 Another very enjoyable Mill Tour was conducted by Frank GregoTY starting at Polegate Windmill with about twenty five member_ pr sent Th1S mIl l was bUll middot i n 18 7 and last milled flour in 1965 Fortunate l very li ttle t I me elaps ed before l- t was restored to working order and opened to the public in 1967 It started life with two pairs of stones which proved inadequate for the business so a third pair was installedybut this involved making a recess into the wall to accommodate them Two sets of stones are of DERBYSHIRE gr1t and one of FRENCH burr from the River Seine

We then moved to Frlston Place the home of LordShawcros to view the tread wheel housed in its own build~ng in a delightful setting Th15 wheel was used to draw water from the el l It is unclear as to whether man or donkey did the treading but Fran Gr egory gave us a splendid ImItatlon of a donkey braying whIl s t he was treadl ng so we are ~ t i ll none the ~l serl

A lupch adjournment was taken at the Tiger in East Dean village where Ron Mart ~n was overj o ed t o f In some mathemat~cal t I le

Our next call was at St one Cross windmill which was bUIlt in 1876 and encompassed the zenith of WIndmill deSIgn Although the o ner Mr Hall has an uphIll job in renovatIng the wooden floorings and other important tasks the machinery which 15 mainly of cast -iron appears I n good order and is well looked after _ A feature i s the cast-Iron cap rlng ~ Thetower lS SOlidly built in brick with a cement rendering Only two sweeps are in posltion~ but Mr Hall assured us he had all the parts of the other two

A brief call followed to see the remalns of a water mi ll at Horsebridge where McDougalls previously fI ~ lledc It is now an engln er~ng work s hut regrettably the water wheel 15 in a sad s tate of disrepair

During a short but heavy t hunder shOer we arrived at Hellingly Water Mill the home of Jonathan Minns dlrector of the Eng~neerlum ~ho en~ertained us to an interesting and lively chat on the mIll and related I A sub j ects including of course the Englneerium The vater vhee l lS bucketl es s but the internals appear to be reasonably sound In view of Jonathans generosIty in mak i ng gallons of coffee for hi s vis~tors a call next year for a working party to help restore the mill should be well supported

Our last call ivas to the water mill at Michelham Pnory No working parties needed_here ~ It is working well and selling flour

Our thanks to Frank Gregor T_for such a pleasant day to the mill owners who 1et us look around and to the man who arrange~ our annual programme for us Don Cox who seldom seems to be accorded the thanks he deserves for his work behind the scenes

GG I

Adur Navigation Saturday 10th July 198~ On a hot sunny Satmday the visit to see the remains of the Adur Navigation attracted a good crowd of about 2S members Starting atBine~ Bridge and the Wharf Cut we then went by cars to the first lock next to what l S now called Lock Farm Despite being about 100 years since it vas last used the lock chamber is in a renarK3bly good condimiddottion Most of the party wa lked along the river bank to the onl y other lock on the navigation which IS close to West Grinstead Church Th~s lock 15 not in such good condidtion but despite being later modified to operate an hydraulic ram

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15 clearly 1dentLflable as a lock Thanks to the South rn Water Author1 t the T1ver bet een the LWO locks has been dredged and no bears no resem Jen e to what it must have been Li e hen it was a canal Ho~ er the ban s have not been touched beLween the s e and l ock and end of the navlgaLlon at Sa br i dge on the A24 road _but 1t s dl flcult LO lmaglne barges u5 1ng that - t e t h of at r

D H C

1 rking Vl~it to JlJnherley halk h ts MU5eum 8th Septemb r 198 It wa s a great pit) that _only 5 member s -came o do __ome_pr actlca work- fwhat should be regarded_as a r Mu eum Howe~erT t hosethar ~~d_co n avery hot day had a very enjoyable nd unng time c ear Ulg t h undergrowth that was growing on the Dew tt Kllns her e wa s a chol ce of ob_ but we al r ed together and b)i the time t hat we f nis hed l t as p leas ng to be abl e t o s ee an improveshymsnt to the kiln_ We a l o found Lme to 100 arounu _the Craft Fallr that was ~a ing place _at the Mu~u m that wee end H C

Hstory of Technology _Gr oup I n L of week- n Confe rence held at Brlghton (July 2nd 4 h) the Volk s Rallway and LO Lh e lec t i ca Th e t 0 atter 1tem~ er o pa t i cu l ar f st publ~c electr1c rai way i n Br l taln while a t t he Un ver sl t y were s een lat 5t and ucces f u exper i ment in a fu I -scal e magnet middot call - levi tated vehlel

A numbe 0 talks wer e given i nciuduig one by Conrad o lk on the work of hlS f ather M gnus olk and another on he His or y of t he Br ghton Electri c i ty Supply by Mr r Geor ge E O

AI A In London Th 198 AI A Con f er nce lJas eld a t I mper I a a llege London fr om l Oth to 12th Sep t mb er and t oge ther w th t h add1 tlona l vi n t s organised b LIAS beforeancL aft r t he Conferen e gave delegat e a chan e to s ee a Tepre en ative _e ect on of t he l arge number of I site and t uc ture s s till e ls t ng 1n Greater London

The onf erence v Slts cover ed t~de-mlll at Sroml e - by-Bow and the Abbey Punping MilL on the Nor t her n Out fall Se er a wl ndllUll 1 n Br t on Waddon Pumplng taLi on an Croydon An port SL Panc r a and KI ng Cro 5 St a t ions a r i ver trlp round_ t he docks and warehou e on the~ Thame s Add - t onal vi si ts ar ran ed by GL I AS covered a co ach tour of Dockland- a is t t o the Post Off i ce Rai l way the roof of the lber Hall he e the 200ft span of t-he r hallow dome comprises30 braced r b trusses r es t l ng on a con tinuous wrought - lron curb Harrods -prIvate pOl e r stat ion c ompn lng 3 t urbo -a l t erna-t or of 11 50kW total capacl t with 3 6 5 0kW and_ 3~340kW d e 1 a lte nators Young Ram Brewery at Wandswor~h K~rkaldy ~ Te t i ng St at10n in Sout hwar k T Olver Brldge a walk t hr ough Ma c B~n l s t unne under t he hames a cana oat t rlp from Camden Tmm t o LLmeho se a cL back Kew Bridg PI mp i ng Sta t Ion and Three Bndges Hanwell _ Mauy opoundthese sits were of cour e a lt rnat l ve

n hursday L VIS ted Kl r kaldys Te h ng St ati n i n South ark Street to se t he h dr auhcall operated universa l t e st l ug maclnne desl gned b David Klrka l d in 1866 Thl S can te s t peCl men I n t en SI on compresslon bending tors i on or shear up to a maximum load of 1 O OO OO O l b ~ 454 5 tonne s) and one of h fi r sr cli ent s was r upps wh o us ed the faC l l l tles r egu larl y unt i l 19 1 The rnaclu ne only cea cd work I n 19 4 and t I S to be r e t ored to lvorking

- 4 shy

15 clearly 1dentLflable as a lock Thanks to the South rn Water Author1 t the T1ver bet een the LWO locks has been dredged and no bears no resem Jen e to what it must have been Li e hen it was a canal Ho~ er the ban s have not been touched beLween the s e and l ock and end of the navlgaLlon at Sa br i dge on the A24 road _but 1t s dl flcult LO lmaglne barges u5 1ng that - t e t h of at r

D H C

1 rking Vl~it to JlJnherley halk h ts MU5eum 8th Septemb r 198 It wa s a great pit) that _only 5 member s -came o do __ome_pr actlca work- fwhat should be regarded_as a r Mu eum Howe~erT t hosethar ~~d_co n avery hot day had a very enjoyable nd unng time c ear Ulg t h undergrowth that was growing on the Dew tt Kllns her e wa s a chol ce of ob_ but we al r ed together and b)i the time t hat we f nis hed l t as p leas ng to be abl e t o s ee an improveshymsnt to the kiln_ We a l o found Lme to 100 arounu _the Craft Fallr that was ~a ing place _at the Mu~u m that wee end H C

Hstory of Technology _Gr oup I n L of week- n Confe rence held at Brlghton (July 2nd 4 h) the Volk s Rallway and LO Lh e lec t i ca Th e t 0 atter 1tem~ er o pa t i cu l ar f st publ~c electr1c rai way i n Br l taln while a t t he Un ver sl t y were s een lat 5t and ucces f u exper i ment in a fu I -scal e magnet middot call - levi tated vehlel

A numbe 0 talks wer e given i nciuduig one by Conrad o lk on the work of hlS f ather M gnus olk and another on he His or y of t he Br ghton Electri c i ty Supply by Mr r Geor ge E O

AI A In London Th 198 AI A Con f er nce lJas eld a t I mper I a a llege London fr om l Oth to 12th Sep t mb er and t oge ther w th t h add1 tlona l vi n t s organised b LIAS beforeancL aft r t he Conferen e gave delegat e a chan e to s ee a Tepre en ative _e ect on of t he l arge number of I site and t uc ture s s till e ls t ng 1n Greater London

The onf erence v Slts cover ed t~de-mlll at Sroml e - by-Bow and the Abbey Punping MilL on the Nor t her n Out fall Se er a wl ndllUll 1 n Br t on Waddon Pumplng taLi on an Croydon An port SL Panc r a and KI ng Cro 5 St a t ions a r i ver trlp round_ t he docks and warehou e on the~ Thame s Add - t onal vi si ts ar ran ed by GL I AS covered a co ach tour of Dockland- a is t t o the Post Off i ce Rai l way the roof of the lber Hall he e the 200ft span of t-he r hallow dome comprises30 braced r b trusses r es t l ng on a con tinuous wrought - lron curb Harrods -prIvate pOl e r stat ion c ompn lng 3 t urbo -a l t erna-t or of 11 50kW total capacl t with 3 6 5 0kW and_ 3~340kW d e 1 a lte nators Young Ram Brewery at Wandswor~h K~rkaldy ~ Te t i ng St at10n in Sout hwar k T Olver Brldge a walk t hr ough Ma c B~n l s t unne under t he hames a cana oat t rlp from Camden Tmm t o LLmeho se a cL back Kew Bridg PI mp i ng Sta t Ion and Three Bndges Hanwell _ Mauy opoundthese sits were of cour e a lt rnat l ve

n hursday L VIS ted Kl r kaldys Te h ng St ati n i n South ark Street to se t he h dr auhcall operated universa l t e st l ug maclnne desl gned b David Klrka l d in 1866 Thl S can te s t peCl men I n t en SI on compresslon bending tors i on or shear up to a maximum load of 1 O OO OO O l b ~ 454 5 tonne s) and one of h fi r sr cli ent s was r upps wh o us ed the faC l l l tles r egu larl y unt i l 19 1 The rnaclu ne only cea cd work I n 19 4 and t I S to be r e t ored to lvorking

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order At Tower Brldge now _fully open- to the public it was- partIcularly intere - ~ g t o seethe original boilers and steam engines for pumping water to the hydr au 1C accumulator and one of the hydraulic motors for rai ng and lowering the bas-cu es no longer used but still preserved

The same e enlug~ afterllisiting BruneIs engine house now a restoration lYorkshop a 0 herhl the the walk through the tunneL to -Wapping and back was a very moving ex-penance Begun in 1825 it wmiddotas finally opened in 1834 after many vi cisSlt d 5 and anear disaster when the river broke through It was only used as a pedes tri an tunnel until taken_over bc theEast London Line in 1865 _ It naw carn es tbe Metropolitan Line to New Cross and is sti 11 one of themosl water t ght _ tunne150n~ the Underground~ The visi t was made after midnight- hen t he electric _traction supply was cut off

The cana l boat t r i pon Friday dowll tbe Regents Canal from Camden Town to the _Regent s Can L BaS1l1 at Limehouse gaveone a view of London s back door and at t i mes s how d aremarkably rural scene in the middle of-the City or the East End

OnSat ur da afternoon l viS1tedtbe Three Millsat Bromley-by-Bow on the River Le a Only t 0 of t hese tide-mills remain the House mill with four 20ft diameter wh I s r ebuilt in 1776 but now rather derelict and the Clock Mill with three hee l a fine building dating _from 18l7 with a clock tower dated 1753 and a_ be l l cast in 1750 The wheels were last usedin 1952 There are two kIlns attachedto the Clock mill and the whole area has been used for distililng s l nce1 727 We then went on to s ee Abbey Mills Pumping Station which rece l es s ewage from the two Northern Low Level Sewers the Isle of Dogs Branch Sewer and the WestHam Diversion Sewer all about 10ft _diameter The sewage i s pumped up f r om c13~ft below Ordnance Datum to c o 2 5 ~ ft above (a total lift of C_40f t ) and dls chargedinto the Northern OUtfall Sewers The main building dat e from _ 186S~8-and is cruc i form in plan originally housing 8 beam engines - 2 I n each arm_ These had 54in diameter cylinders wi th a 9ft s t roke 40ftlong beams and 28ft diameter flywheels theyhad-a _gross pump i ng capacity of 11 2000 gao I ons per mlnute o All these engines were removed between 1930 and 1933 and r epl aced by electrically driven centrifugal pumps with a gross pumpi ng capaci ~y of twice as much In addit i on there are a di esel eng i ne pumping hou e and a gas engine pumpi ng house which until recently contai ned gas-engine-dnven centrifugal pumps wi th a gross pumping capacity of 156000 gallons per mi nute o These have now been replaced by 1500 rpm diesel engines and are us edprimar lly for dealing with storm water

A Sunday aft ernoon visi t was made -to Kew Bridge Pumping Station Museum herethe 18 20 Boulton amp Watt beam engine and the -90Ln beam engine were both seen under s t eam Both these engines together with the 100in beam engine operate on the Cornish principle We then visited the remarkable Three Bridges at Hanwell wher e the Grand Junct i on Cana l (1800) goes under Windmill Lane and the Great Western ampBrentford Ra i lway (1859) goes under the canal at the same spo t wi tlL a threelt~decker bridge-cum-aqueduct - a remarkabl e s tructure

At the Confe rence itself we had some very good lectures on IA i n Greater London IA from t he air and the Archaeology of _the Entertainment Industry The Rolt Memor i al Lecture after the Dinner on Saturday was gi ven by Michae~ Robbins Pres ld Ent -of GLIAS and Chai rman of the Board of Governers of the London HMu seum th the _ti tIe of ~vhat must we keep at the end of which he asked s ome ver earchingquest i onsabout the future ofconservation and preservat i on w1th partlcular reference to their steadily i ncreasing demands on the space i me andnumbers of staff at museums

Al together _a very interesting and vorth - h~le Co f r e n e ab l organised and run by the Greater London I A Soci ety to whomour _th nks are due

CURREN

J ack and Jill WindmIlls A complete et of shut ters has been made fo r each of t he s weeps and -the5eare nm being fl tted The ~tock 11 than be taken down nspected and the centre hole_drl 11ed to take t h e tX 1k 1ng gear which operates ~he shutters_ Repairs to ~he est 51d e fram ng are al_oprogressl ng wi th the r ep l acement of r1l6 lower slde g rt and the p l a t ng of t he slde g u t I t se lf vork ha s also started on buildi ng a flour dresser _to rep l ac e t e or -g i nal which wa s found to be beyond repair J SFB o

Ifl eid MIll The wheel has been rebuilt and i s now operat i Ie work on the I nternalmachiner IS proceedIng We t Sus ex Coun t y Counci l -has presented a Hi- tone BuildingsAward to the proJect and e ra Ley - 01 trie ouncl l proposes to repai ntthe mill internal ly

PUBL I CATIONS

ALT- MAKING IN THE ADUR VALLEY SUSSEX by E W Ho l den y bullS_ bull amp- PHudsonMAPhD

Available as a -reprintoLthe Sus s ex Ar c haeo loglcal CollectlOns Vol 119 (1981) pp 117 -148 ~ 32-pages --mcluding map s photographs and s ec t l onal drawings _

Ths paper which- is the -result of ext ensive pound eld and documentary research c overs early salt~mak1ngac tlvi t i e s i n the vall ey of_ the Adur from late Saxon times untlL about the _mid 14 t h centur y o To h e l ndus-t n a l a r chaeologi s t this paperis-ofparticular intere_ L 51nce t provide d IS US S oD _of both earl i er and -later methods and-conside rs c omparat lve informat~onand - efe rences about s alt~making_in other _areas of Sussex and o f t h e Brlt1_h Isles The decl i ne is d iscussed

Site evidence is now limi ted t o group~ of mounds wnere the crude bri ne wa s leached from the pre- s aturate s and and 5 I t-but rhe author ~ who are both Members -oLS~LA S 7prmnde a gazetteer of the s e s t es as well as a comprehensive _bibliography covering the s ub j ecL AmongsLthe i ncreas1ng volume of material offered to the s tudent of industrial archaeology today t his pap er c an be regarded as _a key document fOl permanenL refe rence on Its subJ ect Copies - obtainablefrorn~ _ Mr_ E W Holden F S 0 5 Tudor Close Hove Sus sex Pricepoundl SO including pos tage

W R B

Stevenson_amp_Howe117middotA Eirm of Flavour and Fragran c e 20pp 3pp photographs published by Greater -London Indus trial Archa eol ogy So c e 1 y Pr 1ce 60p plus 30p postage and _packi ns frorn Tom Smi thy 74 Lord War wi c k St London SE18 SQD

AnotherofG L ~ I ~AS I s booklets tIn s one detalilng the h story and operationofStevens onamp Howell e s s e nc e manufa c1ure Ls o f Southwa r L Ess ences are extracted from fruit andplant s and us edfor fl a vourin g fo od and dr i nk and perfuming toiletries

Es tablished _in - 1882 the firm pro s pered l a rge ly due_to- t h e development of the aerated soft _dr i nks _indus try and-soon had middot or l d i de _out l et ~ The company traded_ mti 1 1913 _when foHowi ng a _take~over_ it was clo s ed

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Al together _a very interesting and vorth - h~le Co f r e n e ab l organised and run by the Greater London I A Soci ety to whomour _th nks are due

CURREN

J ack and Jill WindmIlls A complete et of shut ters has been made fo r each of t he s weeps and -the5eare nm being fl tted The ~tock 11 than be taken down nspected and the centre hole_drl 11ed to take t h e tX 1k 1ng gear which operates ~he shutters_ Repairs to ~he est 51d e fram ng are al_oprogressl ng wi th the r ep l acement of r1l6 lower slde g rt and the p l a t ng of t he slde g u t I t se lf vork ha s also started on buildi ng a flour dresser _to rep l ac e t e or -g i nal which wa s found to be beyond repair J SFB o

Ifl eid MIll The wheel has been rebuilt and i s now operat i Ie work on the I nternalmachiner IS proceedIng We t Sus ex Coun t y Counci l -has presented a Hi- tone BuildingsAward to the proJect and e ra Ley - 01 trie ouncl l proposes to repai ntthe mill internal ly

PUBL I CATIONS

ALT- MAKING IN THE ADUR VALLEY SUSSEX by E W Ho l den y bullS_ bull amp- PHudsonMAPhD

Available as a -reprintoLthe Sus s ex Ar c haeo loglcal CollectlOns Vol 119 (1981) pp 117 -148 ~ 32-pages --mcluding map s photographs and s ec t l onal drawings _

Ths paper which- is the -result of ext ensive pound eld and documentary research c overs early salt~mak1ngac tlvi t i e s i n the vall ey of_ the Adur from late Saxon times untlL about the _mid 14 t h centur y o To h e l ndus-t n a l a r chaeologi s t this paperis-ofparticular intere_ L 51nce t provide d IS US S oD _of both earl i er and -later methods and-conside rs c omparat lve informat~onand - efe rences about s alt~making_in other _areas of Sussex and o f t h e Brlt1_h Isles The decl i ne is d iscussed

Site evidence is now limi ted t o group~ of mounds wnere the crude bri ne wa s leached from the pre- s aturate s and and 5 I t-but rhe author ~ who are both Members -oLS~LA S 7prmnde a gazetteer of the s e s t es as well as a comprehensive _bibliography covering the s ub j ecL AmongsLthe i ncreas1ng volume of material offered to the s tudent of industrial archaeology today t his pap er c an be regarded as _a key document fOl permanenL refe rence on Its subJ ect Copies - obtainablefrorn~ _ Mr_ E W Holden F S 0 5 Tudor Close Hove Sus sex Pricepoundl SO including pos tage

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Stevenson_amp_Howe117middotA Eirm of Flavour and Fragran c e 20pp 3pp photographs published by Greater -London Indus trial Archa eol ogy So c e 1 y Pr 1ce 60p plus 30p postage and _packi ns frorn Tom Smi thy 74 Lord War wi c k St London SE18 SQD

AnotherofG L ~ I ~AS I s booklets tIn s one detalilng the h story and operationofStevens onamp Howell e s s e nc e manufa c1ure Ls o f Southwa r L Ess ences are extracted from fruit andplant s and us edfor fl a vourin g fo od and dr i nk and perfuming toiletries

Es tablished _in - 1882 the firm pro s pered l a rge ly due_to- t h e development of the aerated soft _dr i nks _indus try and-soon had middot or l d i de _out l et ~ The company traded_ mti 1 1913 _when foHowi ng a _take~over_ it was clo s ed

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In 1974 the site was surveyed and - recorded the resul ting report is a model of what can be achieved even when most of the machinery had been removed ThebookleLreliesonsecondary sources but provides awell-researched and interesting_ accountoLthe development-of a late Victorian business and the associated-manufactudngprocesses of as far as 1 am aware an unrecorded and little known industry The bookletis illustrated_ with letterheadings product labels _and_advertisements - one being particularlynoteworthy was for a foaming agenLwhichgave a thick close white creamy heacL to mainly ginger beer Was this also supplied_to a well-known Londonbrewer7 _Somehuman interest is missing possibly no previous employees could be tracedbuLi t is excellent value for only 60p

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LECTURES ampCOURSES

A Short Curse inSurveying for Archaeology E W OShea

It is proposed_to _hold a short course in practicaL surveying for archaeology during the coming winter in conjunction wi th the Lewes Archaeological Group the Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society and Brighton and Hove Archaeological Society

The course will comprise a study day on SaturcLay 4th December from 9 30a m toS 30 pm at Meeching Hall committee room EorLRoad Newhaven covering the principle~ of surveying the instruments and their uses followed by practical work 1n the field commencing in February Two areas will be studied for those most interested in the industrial field permiss i on has been granted for us to survey the standing remains of the Newhaven Tidemills and for the dirt archaeologists it is hoped to obtain permission to study the medieval deserted vi llage at Balmer Farm y or failing this a prehistoric or medieval si te in the vicini ty of Brighton

The industrial aruLarchaeological si teswill be worked on alternate Sundays and memberswishing to attend at both si tes for additional practice will be welcome to do so The field work will probably__ amount to three full Sundays on each site~ the dates to be agreed at the December meeting

There willbe-llD mathematics involved The fieldwork will include chain and plane tahlesurveys the use of the optical square levelling and contouring There wilL be ademonstration of tranS1 t surveying and a theodolite will be available for setting out base lines but as beyond this advanced mathematics are involved this willbethelimit of its use on this course

After this-we will return to Meeching Hall to plot the survey with a rudimentary lntroduction to technical drawing andipound there is sufficient interestwe will followup with resistivity surveying

There wilL be no charge-for the course and no previous knowledge or experience will be necessary All of the instruments will be provided by the Lewes ArchaeologicaL Society As a lot of preparation is necessary I wi 11 be obliged iLyouwill completethe enclosed form and return to__ me_with a stamped addressed enJlelope as soon as possible

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PLEASUjE PIERS by

In Sussex and neighbourlng Coun t l e5 e Ita e s ome 2 of 75 pleasure piers round the English and We l sh coas t h n e They wer nea all built in the second halL of the Nineteenth Centur y when t he n e ra~lway_ er e taking a lot of people to the seaside tOlm A wa l on t he p l er a t ua ll y over the water becamea popular alternat 1ve to t h e beach or the promenade

It was the developmentof the c r ew p1le by _Alexander _M-l tchell (first used by rlm at Courtown County Wexford that made _the_CODstruct lOn of pleasure piers economically possiblegt Mostfol e s IOre~ cons s t 0 a t h cllt l ay r of fine sand and _it is very difficult to g~t l mpact rt~en pl 1e to penet a t e Alexander Mitchell showedthat a pi l e wi th blade at the t oe 11 e a shJp propellor could_be screwed into sand or mud_to a depth wh i ch woul give the pile both bearing power_and stabili ty 1 and cast middot iron was aIL Ldeal mater al for construction and badbecome-cheap enough

By far- the most-proliflc pier deS I gner- ias Eugeu llgt _Buch ()814middotl884) a consulting engineer who_had been educated at Brighton He was the first to use screw piles in England at- Margate ln 1855 and fol l owed _onwl th Bri ghton (Weurost)~ Deal Has1ings Eastbourne and Bournemouth In all he de I gned and supervlsed the construction of 13 pleasure p i ers and he as a l so engaged in railway construction both in Britai n and Ind~a

A screw piLe from Eugenius Birch s Bournemouth p~er (1880) which is being reconstructed_will be_on view at the Amberley Cha k P1ts Museum th is Summer Few peop1ewill ever have seen one s- nce they virtually went out of use by the turn of the century

SOUTH COAST PLEASURE PIERS

TOIm Date Built Desigrrer ljpe of PLling State

Whitstable 1894 Basil Champney ~ Demolished Herne Bay 1899 Ewing Mathe s on Cast Iron Screw Margate 1855 Eugenlus Birch Cast Iron Screvl Ramsgate 1879 Henry Robinson Cast Iron Screw Demolished

(new pier 1957) Deal 1863 Eugenius Birch Cast Iron Screw Replaced Dover 1893 John Webster Cast IronScrew Demolished Fo1kestone 1887 M Noel Rl dley Cast Iron Screw DemOlished Hastings 1872 Eugen us Birch Ca t Iron Screw St o Leonards 1898 R St George Moore Cast IronScrew Demollshed Eastbourne 1872 Eugenius Birch Cast Iron Screw Brighton Palace 1899 R St GeorgeMoore Cast Iron Screw Brighton West 1863 Eugen i us Birch Cas t Iron Screw Bnghton Chain 1823 Capt S Brown ~N Driven T1mber Demolished Worthing 1862 Robert Rawl1n on Cast Iron Columns

w t h flanged ends for bearlng

Bognor 1865 T W Wil s on Cast IronScrew Derelict0

Southsea 1878 George Blake Cast Iron Screw Ryde row 1814 Timber (Driven) ampMuch extended

Cas t Iron Sere for railway etc

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Town Date Bui lt Desig1er TYV e of Piling State

Sea View IOW 1881 Frank Caw s Dr i ven Timber Demolished Sandown lOW 1878 Cast I rOll Screw Reconstructed

Shanklin roW 1891 Ventnor roW 1872 Probabl y CI Screw Yarmouth row 1876 Southbourne 1888 ArchibaldSmith Cast Iron Screw Demolished Boscombe 1889 Arch i bald Smith Cast Iron Screw Bournemouth 188O Eugenius Bi rch Cast Iron Screw Under

Reconstruction

FROM THE PAPERS

Novel Electricity Tariff During 1920 Bri ghton Town Council commenced construcshytion of Moulscomb_municipaL hous ing e s tate to the north o L the town~ The housing was to be electrically lit buLitwas decided not to meter the con sumption dUe to the high cost of the meter i tself and - the follow i ng s-cheme was introduced shya forerunner- of today s maximum=demand tarlff

-The- consumer enters into an_agreement fora- fixed maxi lU)JJTl demand each quarter at l l =middot GSp) i n the $ummer and 2 - (lOp) in the wi nter per 100 watts of demand Controls lltn Il be fitted pound0 that i f the conpoundumer i s taking too much electricity at anyone time the lights wi ll fl icker and go dim unti 1 the extra lights are swi tched ofL and_ the load reduced

From the Brighton amp Hove Herald Apri l 24th 1920

Tanyard fOT Sale Lo t 1 to be sold at the Geor ge Inn Battle on the 2nd dayy

of Apri118D7 for auctionA Messuage or Dwell i ng House oLtwo barns two stables garden and orchard togetherwitha complete and established Tan Yard wellwatered compri s ing oL54 vats exclus iveoLtaps spenders and limes beam smoking and 1eatherhouse barkmill~ dry ing sheds turf stages and other bui Idings

As also two dwellings for workmen and four _ piecesof excelle~meadowland

compris i ng 6acres l rod 13 poles mor e or less situate at Sedlescombe lately in the occupat i on oL Mt_ JohnMos eley _deceased and on h i ch a most respectable trade has been conducted for upwards _o f 100 years

From Suss ex Weekly Advert i ser March 2nd 1807

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