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SURVIVING CHANGE: IT CAN HAPPEN!. Patricia A. La Brosse, APRN-BC University Hospital and Clinics. “I can’t change the direction of the wind BUT I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination” ~Jimmy Dean~. SELF-ASSESSMENT. Change Theories. Reddin’s Theory Lewin’s Theory - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SURVIVING CHANGE:
IT CAN HAPPEN!
Patricia A. La Brosse, APRN-BC
University Hospital and Clinics
“I can’t change the direction of the windBUT
I can adjust my sails to
always reach my destination”
~Jimmy Dean~
SELF-ASSESSMENT
Change Theories
• Reddin’s Theory
• Lewin’s Theory
• Rogers’ Theory
• Havelock’s Theory
• Lippitt’s Theory
• Spradley’s Model
It isn’t the changes that do you in,
it’s the transitions
Change is situational…
Transition … is psychological
~William Bridges~
“Three-phase process that people go
through as they internalize and come to
terms with the details of the new
situation that the change brings about.”
Phases of TransitionThe New
Beginning
THE
NEUTRAL
ZONE
Ending,
Losing,
Letting Go (Bridges, 1991)
Phase 1 – The Ending
• Change begins with an ending
• Letting go of old ways
• What “was” no longer “is”
• Employees experience grief and loss
Phase 2 – Neutral Zone
• Old is gone but new isn’t operational
• Psychological no-man’s-land
• Critical psychological realignments & repatternings take place
• Innovation is most likely & revitalization begins to happen.
Phase 3 – New Beginning
• Staff adopt the new identity
• Experience new energy
• Discover a new sense of purpose that makes the change begin to work
Human Factors of Change
• Responses that facilitate or impede
• Vary from full acceptance & willing participation to open rejection
• Reluctance and resistance are common when personal security is threatened
Resistance to Change• Denial
• Anger
• Bargaining
• Chaos
• Depression
• Resignation
• Openness
Responses
• Innovators – thrive on change
• Early adopters – respected by peers – sought out for advice & information regarding change
• Early majority – prefer doing what has been done in the past – eventually accept change
Responses (cont)
• Late majority – openly negative - accept change after most others
• Laggards – openly express resistance to change
• Rejectors – actively oppose change – may sabotage overall success of change
Where Is This Coming From?
• Family Upbringing
• Past successes and failures
• Mental outlook
• Communication
• Age and values
“If you want to make enemies, try to change something.”
~Woodrow Wilson~
Embracing Change
• Accept change as a natural part of life.
• Understand your own style and preferences in dealing with change.
• Identify ways in which you can contribute.
Embracing Change (cont)
• Build your own support system.
• Choose your attitude.
• Be tolerant of mistakes, your own and those made by others.
Embracing Change (cont)
• Assume responsibility for your own response to change.
• Focus on your strengths; don’t let them become weaknesses.
• Keep things in perspective. Keep your sense of humor.
Embracing Change (cont)• Support your colleagues and managers.
• Focus on areas in which you have control or influence.
• Identify personal stress and practice stress management strategies.
STRESSSTRESS
“Stress is simply the adaptation of our bodies and minds to change;
and change
is about the only constant left in the workplace.”
~Peter G. Hanson, M.D.~
• 43% of all adults have health problems related to stress
• 75-90% of all doctor visits are stress-related
• 82% of workers are at least a little stressed in the workplace
• Stress is known to cost American businesses more than $300 billion each year
Workplace Stress
• Troubled economy may feel like an emotional roller coaster.
• "Layoffs" and "budget cuts" have become bywords in the workplace,
• The result is increased fear, uncertainty, and higher levels of stress.
• When people feel overwhelmed and distressed they lose confidence & focus
• Very often become withdrawn and irritable which in turn affects productivity & effectiveness
• Chronic or intense stress can also lead to physical and emotional health problems.
Signs & Symptoms
• Feeling anxious, irritable, or depressed
• Apathy, loss of interest in work
• Increased call-ins
• Problems sleeping
• Fatigue
Signs & Symptoms (cont)
• Muscle tension or headaches
• Stomach problems
• Social withdrawal
• Using alcohol or drugs to cope
NOW WHAT ABOUT YOU???
PERSONAL RESPONSES TO STRESS
Taking Care of Yourself • Pay attention to your physical and
emotional health
• When your own needs are addressed, you’re stronger & more resilient to stress
• Taking care of yourself doesn’t require a total lifestyle overhaul
• Small things can lift your mood, increase your energy, & put you back in the driver’s seat
• Take one step at a time
• More positive lifestyle choices → a difference in your stress level
• Get moving – Aerobic exercise (perspiring)– Lifts mood, increase energy, sharpen focus,
relax mind & body– 30 minutes/day (can break up into smaller
segments)
• Food choices– Eating small, frequent meals keep blood
sugar level (low levels → irritability)– Determine personal choices for healthy
eating
• Moderate alcohol intake– Temporarily reduces anxiety and worry– Too much can cause anxiety as it wears off– Potential for alcohol abuse and dependence
• Avoid nicotine– Nicotine is a powerful stimulant – Leads to higher, not lower, – levels of anxiety
• Get enough sleep– Stress & worry cause insomnia– Lack of sleep leaves you
vulnerable to stress
• Prayer and Meditation– Have a connection to something or someone
higher than yourself. – Prayer puts things into perspective &
provides balance
• Self-Reflection – Allows you to take a deeper look into yourself– Focus on the things that are
positive for a sense of well-being
• Alone Time – Make sure you make time for you
– You have to be alone once in a while
to re-connect with yourself
– Use this time to write in a journal, pray or meditate
Enjoy the silence!
• Social needs – Personal relationships are very important– We all need social interaction
– Enjoy a regular night out
with friends far away
from work
• Exercise Your Brain – You have to constantly stimulate your brain– Work puzzles or play computer games that
involve some sort of strategy– This will keep you sharp & ready for anything
• Be Organized
– Keep your life tidy and organized
– Set up a routine in which you can incorporate these self-care tips in your day
• Respect yourself – You can’t do any of these things unless you
have self-respect– Don’t respect yourself because of the things
you do in your life
Respect yourself because
of who you are on the inside
In Closing
• Change is inevitable
• Change can be stressful
• Responses to change are individual
• Self-care is essential to successfully leading staff through change
“I can’t change the direction of the windBUT
I can adjust my sails to
always reach my destination”
~Jimmy Dean~