Surveying Web TOC-1St Ed-SN

7/25/2019 Surveying Web TOC-1St Ed-SN

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www.passpe.com Surveying for California Civil PE License Dr. Shahin A. Mansour, PE

Well Organized, Based on the Current California Board TestPlan and References, Detailed Table of Contents, ComputerGenerated Index (8 pages), Simplified Concepts, 66 Sample

Problems with Detailed Solutions, and 181 SupplementalPractice Problems with Detailed Solutions.

The only book has

A comprehensive summary of surveying equat ions,tables, figures, and charts you need for the exam. Allwhat you need at one location and at your fingertips.

ONE BOOK HAS ALL WHAT YOU NEED!

Surveyingfor

California CivilEngineering LicenseA Concise and Comprehensive Summary of Surveying

Equations, Tables, and Figures is Included for a Quick

Access During the Exam

Dr. Shahin A. Mansour, PE

First Edition


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ISBN: 978-0-9823726-3-0

2010 Professional Engineering Services (PES)

All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced by any means, without a

written permission from the author.

The author can be reached by email [email protected]

Current printing of this edition 1

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Control Number


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Preface

iii

ur next generation of Civil PE books were carefully developed by Dr. Shahin A. Mansour, Ph.D.,P.E., a nationally recognized expert in PE Exam Preparation courses and founder of Professional

Engineering Services, Inc., (PES). This generation is quickly becoming the Best in Class

solution for engineering professionals working to pass upcoming California Board and NCEESexams. Each and every book in this comprehensive collection has been prepared with your readiness in

mind and will serve as a powerful guide throughout your PE Exam Preparation studies in Civil PE,Seismic, and Surveying concentrations.

O

Dr. Mansour has taught and spoken to thousands of engineers and has been teaching PE, Seismic,

Surveying, and EIT/FE classes for the past 22 years enabling his products, classes, and seminars tocontinuously evolve and adapt to the changing demands of this challenging field. His real-world

experience and intercommunication with so many engineers throughout America has greatly improved his

ability to craft concise and knowledgeable resources that work for professionals striving to pass their

Professional Engineering Licensing Board Exam and other California special exams.

One of the primary advantages of PES preparation books is their compact and succinct format. The

experiences and feedback of engineering students and professionals that have worked with these materialsaffirms our effective use of good, factual diagrams and illustrations to more fully explain concepts

throughout each text. In fact, Dr. Mansour makes great use of this style of teaching through figures,

comparative tables, charts, and illustrations to concisely convey important information to engineerspreparing for the exam. The primary focus of each book in our collection is targeted on subjects that are

directly relevant to the PE exam. This method provides substantial time savings to students that simply

dont have the wherewithal to digest leading competitive volumes, which typically exceed 1,000 pages.

Another strong asset of these next generation books is the separation of Breadth (a.m.) and Depth (p.m.)

topics. Each Civil PE, Seismic, and Surveying book is organized in accordance with the most current

exam specifications and has matured since their inception through the inputs, complaints, wishes, and

other feedback given from course participants and colleagues for over 22 years. Recent changes in theformat of the Civil PE exam have made it necessary to address the change from essay to multiple choice

problems, separation of a.m. and p.m. sections, and the introduction of the construction module. Thebooks improved organization is completed with a very detailed Table of Contents, which addresses both

the a.m. and p.m. subjects and more, making them a favored resource for preparation as well as exam

time.

The best part in all this growth and continuous improvement is the ability to apply this knowledge and

experience to our supplemental products developed to give you the best head start for passing your

Professional Engineering Licensing Board Exam. Every book, DVD, seminar, and accompanying

Problems & Solutions workbooks are designed with all relevant codes, topics, board test plans, andNCEES exam specifications. And, these study materials and seminars, also manage to cover these fields

of study in the same order as listed in the latest exam specifications for easy reference at-a-glance.

Not only are our next generation books written to be current and well-organized to save you time during

exam preparation and test taking; they are also affordable and authored by a highly qualified and

nationally recognized Civil Engineering Professor. Dr. Shahin A. Mansour, Ph.D., P.E has helpedthousands of students to pass their Professional Engineering Licensing Board Exam. His easy, step-by-

step approach to solving problems has gained him popularity and a great reputation among students and

professionals of all ages. We hope that youll find the many resources at Professional EngineeringServices, Inc. to be exceptional textbooks, DVDs, and seminars and as valuable a resource as we believe

them to be


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Disclaimer, Errata, How to use this book, About the authoriv

Disclaimer

This publication is to help the candidates for the Special Surveying Exam for California PE Civil. This

publication expresses the opinion of the author. Every effort and care has been taken to ensure that all

data, information, solutions, concept and suggestions are as accurate as possible. The author cannotassume or accept the responsibility or liability for errors in the data, information, solutions, concept and

suggestions and the use of this material in preparation for the exam or using it during the exam.

Also, Professional Engineering Services (PES) and the author are in no way responsible for the failure of

registrants in the exam, or liable for errors or omission in the solutions, or in the way they are interpreted

by the registrants or others.

Errata Notification

PES and the author have made a substantial effort to ensure that the information in this publication is

accurate. In the event that corrections or clarifications are needed, these will be posted on PES web site athttp:// www.passpe.com. PES and the author at their discretion, may or may not issue written errata. PES

and the author welcome comments or corrections which can be emailed to [email protected]

How to Use This Book

This book was written to help you in preparing for the Special Surveying Examination. A comprehensive

summary of surveying equations and topics is provided to help you in answering the questions. Thefollowing is a suggested strategy for the exam:

1- Have all references organized before you start. Also, familiarize yourself with thecomprehensive summary provided in this book.

2- Read the questions and ALLanswers carefully and look for KEYWORDSin the question

and the 4 possible answers.3- Solve the easy questions first (need no or minimumcalculations) and record your answers

on the answer sheet.4- Work on questions that require lengthy calculations and record your answers on the answer

sheet.

5- Questions that seem difficult or not familiar to you and may need considerable time in

searching in your references should be left to the end.

6- Never leave an answer blank.7- Remember the D

3rule:

DO NOT EXPECT THE EXAM TO BE EASYDO NOT PANIC

DO NOT WASTE TOO MUCH TIME ON A SIGNLE EASY, DIFFICULT OR

UNFAMILAR PROBLEM

About the Author

Dr. Shahin A. Mansour, PE, has been teaching PE, Seismic, Surveying and EIT/FE courses for the last 22

years. Dr. Mansour taught Civil Engineering courses for 7 years at New Mexico State University, Las

Cruces, NM. Also, he has been teaching Civil and Construction Engineering courses (graduate &undergraduate) at CSU, Fresno, CA, for the last 18 years .
http://www.passpe.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.passpe.com/


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Table of Contents v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

California Special Surveying Principles Exam (Test Plan 2005) 1

Summary of Surveying Equations ... 9

Definitions of Surveying and Associated Terms.. 29Abbreviations 37

Chapter 1- Introduction and CA Special Engineering Surveying Exam

1-1 Definition of Surveying 42

1-2 Types of Surveys . 43

1-3 Types of Maps.. 47

1-4 Professional Land Surveys Act 48

1-5 Professional Engineers Act . 48

1-6 Subdivision Map Act 481-7 California Special Surveying Exam. 48

Supplemental Practice Problems...... 49

Solutions for Supplemental Practice Problems ... 52

Chapter 2- Theory of Measurements

2-1 Types of Measurements in Surveying 54

2-2 Units of Measurements .. 54

2-3 Significant Figures . 55

2-4 Rounding off Numbers 562-5 Errors, Types and Magnitude of Errors in Measurements ...... 56

2-6 Probability and Measures of Precision 58

Practice Problems. 62


Chapter 3- Surveying Equipment & Field Notes

3-1 Introduction & Reasons for Field Notes.. 68

3-2

Requirements for Good Notes 683-3 Kinds of Notes 69

3-4 Arrangement of Fields Notes .. 69

3-5 Suggestions on Recording Notes 70

3-6 Surveying Methods and Equipment. 71

3-7 Left Thumb Rule ..... 73

Practice Problems..... 74



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Table of Contentsvi

Chapter 4- Horizontal Distance Measurements

4-1 Introduction . 76

4-2 Method of Measuring Horizontal Distances ... 76

4-3 Slope Computations & Approximate Formula ... 87

4-4 Precision of Various Measuring Methods .. 904-5 Sources of Error in Taping.. 91

4-6 Types of Error in Taping..... 91

4-7 Summary of Corrections of Errors in Taping . 97

4-8 Types, Sources, and Classifications of Taping Errors 98

4-9 Combined Correction.. 99

4-10 Stationing (STA), Post Mile (PM), and Kilo Post (KP).. 99

4-11 Review of Sources of Errors in Taping 101

4-12 Common Mistakes... 101



Chapter 5- Leveling-Theory, Equipment & Measurements


5-2 Leveling Definitions & Terms 110

5-3 Types of Leveling 113

5-4 Leveling Equipment. 114

5-5 Curvature and Refraction. 118

5-6 Theory of Differential Leveling ..... 119

5-7 Two-Peg Test .. 120

5-8 Three-Wire Leveling........ 121

5-9 Reciprocal Leveling 121

5-10 Sources and Types of Errors in Leveling 123

Practice Problems 124


Chapter 6- Angles, Bearings, Azimuths, & Compass


6-2 Interior, Exterior, and Deflection Angles. 134

6-3 Bearings (True, Magnetic & Grid) .. 138

6-4 Azimuths (True, Magnetic & Grid) 139

6-5 Comparison of Bearings and Azimuths... 142

6-6 Magnetic Declination .. 143

6-7 True, Grid & Magnetic Meridians .. 145

6-8 Methods of Determining Angles and Directions..... 146

6-9 Vertical and Zenith Angles . 147


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Table of Contents vii


Solutions for Supplemental Practice Problems .. 150

Chapter 7- Traverse Computations


7-2 Measurements and Directions of Traverses 155

7-3 Latitudes and Departures .156

7-4 Traverse Computations 157

7-5 Balancing Angles 158

7-6 Traverse Balancing (Adjustment) 159

7-7 Rectangular Coordinates . 161



Chapter 8- Length, Area, Volume Computations & Mass Diagram

8-1 Length Computation 174

8-2 Methods of Measuring Area 174

Area by division into triangles and other shapes.. 175

Area by offsets from straight lines... 177

Area by double-meridian-distance method (DMD). 178

Area by coordinates (criss-cross). 179

Measurement of area by planimeter. 181

8-3 Methods of Volume Measurement .. 182

The cross-section method. 183

Average-end area formula.. 183

8-4 Mass Diagram . 187



Chapter 9- Topography

9-1 Introduction to Topography 204

9-2 Control for Topographic Surveys.2049-3 Methods for Obtaining Topography.205

9-4 Topographic Maps206

9-5 Scales for Topographic Maps...206

9-6 Contours: Definitions and Properties...207

9-7 Spot Elevations and Contour Index..209

9-8 Direct and Indirect Methods of Locating Contours..209


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Table of Contentsviii

9-9 Rules for Drawing (Plotting) Contours 213

9-10 Key Points for Contours...214

9-11 Methods for Locating Contours216

Practice problems .217

Solutions for Supplemental Practice Problems 222

Chapter 10- Horizontal, Spiral and Vertical Curves

10-1 Introduction ..226

10-2 Types of Horizontal Curves .226

10-3 Terminology of Horizontal Curves...227

10-4 Geometry of Circular Curves229

10-5 Deflection Angles, Chord, and Offset Calculations..232

10-6 Moving up on the Curve235

10-7 Compound Circular Curves...239

10-8 Reverse Curves..24010-9 Spiral Curves.241

10-10 Vertical Curves..244

10-11 Vertical Terminology244

10-12 Types of Vertical Curves...245

10-13 Geometric Properties of the Parabola246

10-14 High and Low Points on Vertical Curves..248

10-15 Vertical Curves Under or Over an Obstruction.250

10-16 Asymmetrical (Unsymmetrical) Vertical Curves..253

Practice Problems..255Solutions for Supplemental Practice Problems 258

Chapter 11- State Plane Coordinate System


11-2 Shape of the Earth ...262

11-3 Advantages of the Rectangular Coordinate System ... 263

11-4 California Coordinate System of 1927&1983 (CCS 27& CCS 83 .... 263

11-5 Lambert Conformal Conic Projection. 26511-6 Transverse Mercator Projection.. 267

11-7 Ground Distance Versus Grid Distance... 267

11-8 Conversion Between SPCS 27 & SPCS 83 269

Practice Problems.270

Solutions for Supplemental Practice Problems ...272

Chapter 12-Construction Surveys


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Table of Contents ix

12-1 Introduction .274

12-2 Cut and Fill Stakes ..275

12-3 Header and Cluster Information ..276

12-4 Slope Stake listing277

Practice Problems ....283

Solutions for Supplemental Practice Problems ...287Caltrans Surveys Manual- Chapter 12 Construction Surveys ..289-312

Chapter 13- Photogrammetry


13-2 Ground Control for Photogrammetry .. 315

13-3 Aerial Cameras for Photogrammetry... 316

13-4 Photograph Forward and Side Overlap.... 317

13-5 Photo Scale ...... 318

13-6 Map Scale. 32113-7 National Map Accuracy322

13-8 Sources of Error in Photogrammetry322

13-9 Mistakes in Photogrammetry322

Practice Problems .323

Solutions for Supplemental Practice Problems 326

Chapter 14- Surveys of Public Lands

14-1 Introduction .330

14-2 Initial point... 33114-3 Principal Meridian .. 332

14-4 Baseline .. 332

14-5 Standard Parallels (Correction Lines).. 334

14-6 Guide Meridians... 334

14-7 Township and Range 334

14-8 Designation of Townships 334

14-9 Subdivision of Township into Sections 335

14-10 Subdivision of Sections 336

14-11 Fractional Sections... 33714-12 Witness Corners .. 338

14-13 Meander Corners...... 338

14-14 Lost and Obliterated Corners .. 339

14-15 Description by Township, Sections, and Smaller Subdivision 339


Solutions for Supplemental Practice Problems .. 345


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Table of Contentsx

Chapter 15- Global Positioning System (GPS) & Geographic

Information Systems (GIS)

15.1 Introduction . 348

15.2 Theory of GPS.. 348

15.3 Differential GPS... 348

15.4 Weather Conditions . 35115-5 Specifications for GPS Surveys .. 351



Index (8 pages Computer generated index). 355

Other books and DVDs by Dr. Shahin A. Mansour

Facts About Surveying for California Civil PE License

Book By Dr. Mansour, PE

Based on the Special Civil Engineer Examination Test Plan of

December 2005 of California Board of Registration

Detailed table of contents (5 pages)

15 chapters, 362 pages

Well organized, simplified concepts, and concise approach of the

surveying topics and subjects

An excellent 8 pages of compute generated index for keywords

66 practice problems similar to the exam format with detailed solutions

181 supplemental practice problems similar to the exam format with

detailed solutions

A comprehensive summary of surveying equations, tables, charts &

and figures for an easy and quick access during the exam

Documents

Surveying Web TOC-1St Ed-SN