SURVEY ON MIGRATION FLOWS AMONG YOUNG ......30/04/2019 2 ERASMUS Project: DITUM - "Discover the Unknown in Mathematics “- 2017-1-FI01-KA219-034700_3 2017/19 SURVEY ON MIGRATION FLOWS

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ERASMUS Project: DITUM - "Discover the

Unknown in Mathematics “- 2017-1-FI01-

KA219-034700_3 2017/19

SURVEY ON MIGRATION FLOWS AMONG YOUNG STUDENTS FROM EUROPE

SURVEY ON

MIGRATION FLOWS

AMONG

YOUNG STUDENTS

FROM EUROPE

ERASMUS ITALIAN WEEK - Caserta, 6-10 May 2019 - teacher: Ersilia Salvatore

Quantity gives us quality (sometimes)

“Discover the Unknown in Mathematics”



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http://migration.iom.int/docs/2017_Overview_Arrivals_to_Europe.pdf

IOM (International Organisation for Migration)

http://migration.iom.int/docs/2017_Overview_Arrivals_to_Europe.pdf

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https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Migration_and_migrant_population_statistics

Number of

immigrants per

1000 inhabitants

11.4 11.1 5.8 5.7 3.6



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INCIDENCE OF FOREIGN RESIDENTS ON THE TOTAL POPULATION

https://www.lenius.it/quanti-sono-gli-immigrati-in-italia-e-in-europa/






















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EUROPE (DITUM) > 250 students

EACH SCHOOL > 50 students

AGE > 16 – 18 years old

GENDER > 50% females, 50% males

SAMPLING CRITERIA

Questions Mean Score



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not representative of the European student population

not representative of the student population of the Erasmus-

DITUM countries

representative of the student population of the individual

schools

representative of the different attitudes, which obviously

depend on a series of factors

REPRESENTATIVENESS OF THE SAMPLE

ErasmusDITUM-SurveyResults-Caserta-6-10ofMay2019.pptx




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N°

QUESTION

ANSWER SCORE

Totally disagree Disagree Agree Totally agree

1 Solidarity is important, but not as much as the preservation

of national identity

3 2 1 0

2 Inclusion of migrants can help Europe overcome the crisis

in the economy and births

0 1 2 3

3 The mobility of peoples from other continents is a threat to

Europe

3 2 1 0

4 Immigrants take work from young Europeans 3 2 1 0

5 The encounter with diversity (for examples minorities)

constitutes an enrichment on the cultural and human level

0 1 2 3

6 I would like to move to another country for work purposes 0 1 2 3

7 We must think first of all about our well-being even at the

cost of rejecting migrants

3 2 1 0

8 A solution to the immigration problem can be repatriation 3 2 1 0

9 The knowledge of languages favors the meeting with the

"other" and the establishment of mutual trust

0 1 2 3

10 If you want to escape misery, war and persecution, it is

right to be allowed to live in another country

0 1 2 3

TOTAL SCORE:

SCORING CRITERIA (min 0, max 30)

Statistics on questions' scores



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ATTITUDES SCALE AND FACTORS

we suppose that the higher the score, the more open the attitude

Main factors that determine the attitudes towards migratory flows:

degree of willingness to welcome foreigners

degree of willingness to go abroad

fear of the loss of national identity

fear of the deterioration of one's lifestyle

level of knowledge of one's own culture and history

level of knowledge of other cultures

knowledge of the causes of migration flows

personal and family experiences related to immigration

national policies for managing migration flows

<< < > >> VERY CLOSED QUITE CLOSED QUITE OPEN VERY OPEN

0 to 8 9 to15 16 to 23 24 to 30

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Min score: 10 Max score: 24

Average scores

by gender and age

Gender % Score Mean

F 50% 17.2

16 18% 17. 6

17 14% 15.9

18 18% 18.0

M 50% 17.6

16 14% 19.9

17 6% 12.7

18 30% 17.5

General

Mean 100% 17.4

2%

6%

4%

6%

4%

6%

12%

10%

6%

12%

14%

4%

6%

4%

4%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16%

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

% of students who obtained each score (10 to 24)

Question Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 TOTAL

Mean 1.42 1.42 1.38 1.54 2.14 2.34 1.74 1.38 2.06 1.98 17.4

Mode 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 20

Median 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 18

Standard deviation 0.78 0.76 0.85 0.86 0.83 0.75 0.90 0.85 0.71 0.94 3.64



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ITALIAN SAMPLE: REMARKS

the averages of the scores of males and females are almost equal

(Male mean = 17.6 - Female mean = 17.2)

So there are no big gender differences

the total scores range from a minimum of 10 to a maximum of 24;

in our scale all Italian students are placed in the range of attitudes

“Quite Closed" and “Quite Open“;

this range of scores is the most restricted of the five schools

(Italian students show a less diversified and less extreme attitude)

the standard deviation is 3.64 (the lowest of the five countries )

and indicates that the scores are fairly close to the average value;

no one is placed in the range of attitudes

“Very Closed” and “Very Open”

the average score is 17.4 (in the "Quite Open" range)








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ITALIAN SAMPLE:

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ANSWERS TO EACH QUESTION

The questions with the highest average score are:

Q6: I would like to move to another country for work purposes (2.34)

Q5: The encounter with diversity (for examples minorities) constitutes an enrichment

on the cultural and human level (2.14) - in the whole sample 2.05

Q9: The knowledge of languages favors the meeting with the "other" and the

establishment of mutual trust (2.06) - in the whole sample 2.14

In Italy the questions with the lowest average score (both 1.38) are:

Q3: The mobility of peoples from other continents is a threat to Europe

Q8: A solution to the immigration problem can be repatriation



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WHOLE SAMPLE (5 countries)

0.4% 0.0%

0.8% 0.4%

0.0% 1.2% 1.2%

2.8% 0.0%

1.6% 2.4%

4.0% 3.6%

9.2% 7.2% 7.2%

9.2% 9.2%

8.8% 8.0%

6.8% 4.4%

3.2% 2.4%

0.4% 2.0%

1.6% 0.8%

0.4% 0.8%

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29 Score Frequency

SurveyResults-Caserta-6-10ofMay2019.pptx



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WHOLE SAMPLE: GENERAL STATISTICS

Mean 17.15

Mode 14/ 17/ 18

Median 17

Standard

Deviation 4.97

Min score: 1 Max score: 30

Average scores

by gender and age

Gender % Score Mean

F 50% 18.6 16 12% 18.6

17 21% 17.9

18 18% 19.3

M 50% 15.7 16 9% 17.5

17 19% 15.0

18 22% 15.6

General

Mean 100% 17.15

Sample: 250 students

N. Males: 125

N. Females: 125

N. 16 yo: 52

N. 17 yo: 99

N. 18 yo: 99



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WHOLE SAMPLE: COMPARISON OF MEAN SCORES

Country Score

Mean

Male

Mean

Female

Mean Mode Min Max

All countries 17.15 15.7 18.6 14/17/18 1 30

Bulgaria 16 15.1 16.8 14 3 27

Finland 15.6 12.8 18.4 15 1 26

Germany 19.4 18.8 20 19 6 30

Italy 17.4 17.6 17.2 20 10 24

Spain 17.4 14.5 20.3 18 6 29

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WHOLE SAMPLE: REMARKS ON MEAN SCORES

Country Mean Score Germany 19.4

Spain 17.4

Italy 17.4

All countries 17.15 Bulgaria 16

Finland 15.6

Italy and Spain are the closest to the general mean (from which they differ by 0.25)

Germany has the highest mean score, Finland has the lowest:

they differ from the whole sample by 2.2 – 2.4 respectively)

Finland has the lowest score (1), followed by Bulgaria (3);

Germany has the highest score (30), followed by Spain (29)

Italy has both the highest minimum score (10) and the lowest maximum score (24);

in fact the standard deviation for the Italian sample is 3.64



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WHOLE SAMPLE: REMARKS ON GENDER DIFFERENCES

Country

Gap between average

male and female score

Spain 5.8

Finland 5.6

All countries 2.9

Bulgaria 1.7

Germany 1.2

Italy 0.4

Everywhere (but not in Italy) the average female score exceeds the average male score

The gap between average male and female scores appears minimal in Italy (0.4),

maximum in Spain (5.8) and Finland (5.6)

The highest average male score is in Germany (18.8), the lowest is in Finland (12.8);

the highest average female score is in Spain (20.3), the lowest is in Bulgaria (16.8)

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WHOLE SAMPLE:

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ANSWERS TO EACH QUESTION

The questions with the highest average score are:

Q10: If you want to escape misery, war and persecution, it is right to be allowed to live

in another country (2.17)

Q9: The knowledge of languages favors the meeting with the "other" and the

establishment of mutual trust (2.14) - in the Italian sample 2.06

Q5: The encounter with diversity (for examples minorities) constitutes an enrichment

on the cultural and human level (2.05) - in the Italian sample 2.14

In the whole sample the question with the lowest average score is:

Q7: We must think first of all about our well-being even at the cost of

rejecting migrants (1.28)



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WHOLE SAMPLE : LOWEST/HIGHEST MEAN SCORE QUESTIONS

Country

Score (“closed” 0 to 1.5 | “open” 1.6 to 3)

Lowest

Mean

Score

Question

with LMS

Question

point

Highest

Mean

Score

Question

with

HMS

Question

point

All countries 1.28 Q7

well-being

first 2.17 Q10

right to live

abroad

Bulgaria 0.96 Q7

well-being

first 2.34 Q9

knowledge

of languages

Finland 1.16 Q7

well-being

first 1.98 Q9

knowledge

of languages

Germany 1.54 Q6

move abroad

for work 2.52 Q10

right to live

abroad

Italy 1.38 Q3, Q8

threat,

repatriation 2.34 Q6

move abroad

for work

Spain 0.96 Q7

well-being

first 2.46 Q10

right to live

abroad

Q

u

e

s

t

i

o

n

n

a

i

r

e

SurveyResults-Caserta-6maggio2019.pptx
















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WHOLE SAMPLE: ATTITUDE LEVELS

Attitude levels

Country Very

closed

Quite

Closed

Quite

Open

Very

open Tot

All countries 7% 28% 57% 8% 100%

Bulgaria 10% 30% 56% 4% 100%

Finland 10% 36% 50% 4% 100%

Germany 4% 24% 52% 20% 100%

Italy 0% 28% 68% 4% 100%

Spain 10% 22% 58% 10% 100%

R

e

m

a

r

k

s



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In the whole sample 2/3 (65%) are OPEN (quite + very)

The country with attitudes more similar to the whole sample is Spain

There are two couples of "twins" countries (with many similarities):

Germany & Italy and Bulgaria & Finland

German school has the highest percentage of "very open" scores (20%)

The most (quite+very) OPEN are in German and in Italy (both 72% = 3/4)

The most (quite+very) CLOSED are in Finland (46%) and Bulgaria (40%)

The least (quite+very) CLOSED are in German and in Italy (both 28% =1/4)

In Germany the highest % (24%) of “very” (CLOSED+OPEN) scores; in Italy the lowest (4%)

Schools in Bulgaria, Finland and Spain have the same and most “very closed” attitudes

(10%); Italian school has the least (0%)

WHOLE SAMPLE: REMARKS ON ATTITUDE LEVELS

Attitudes table

Documents

SURVEY ON MIGRATION FLOWS AMONG YOUNG ......30/04/2019 2 ERASMUS Project: DITUM - "Discover the Unknown in Mathematics “- 2017-1-FI01-KA219-034700_3 2017/19 SURVEY ON MIGRATION FLOWS