Survey of Wsn and Apps

8/2/2019 Survey of Wsn and Apps

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NAME: NASIRAHMAD

PROGRAM: B.S TELECOM

SEMESTER: 8TH

REG#: SU/08-01-03028

DATE: 20-04-2012

UNIVERSITY: SARHAD UNIVERSITY


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Project title

Energy Efficient Approach for the Hierarchical

Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor

Networks


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Topics to be covered

A survey on wireless sensor network

Applications of wireless sensor networks

Different routing protocols in wireless sensor

network Simulation using ns-2

For simulation following things are needed

1. C++2. Tool command language (TCL)

3. linux


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A Survey on sensor network

Abstract

Development in wireless communication and

electronics has enabled the development of

low cost sensor network.

Application area is wide, use in domestic,

industry, military, agriculture, e.t.c


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Introduction

Nodes (tiny sensors)= match box, it containsensing unit, processing unit, communicationcomponents, power unit.

Communicate each other in short distancemake a network called sensor network.

A sensor network is composed of large

number of nodes densely deployed in thefield.

Position is not predetermined.


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SENSOR NETWORKS

COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE

sensor nodes are scattered in the sensing field

collect data and route it to sink

Sink communicate with task manager node via

internet or satellite

Design of sensor network is influenced by

some factors


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DESIGN FACTORS

including fault tolerance, scalability,

production costs, operating environment,

sensor network topology, hardware

constraints, transmission media, and power

consumption.


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Hardware Constraints


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THE PHYSICAL LAYER

The physical layer is responsible for frequency

selection, carrier frequency generation, signal

detection, modulation, and data encryption.

Frequency selection 7km bluetooth radio

system at 2.4 GHz, 10km infrared free licence

915 MHz.

Modulation: binary and m-ary modulation


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THE DATA LINK LAYER

The MAC protocol in a wireless multi-hop self-

organizing sensor network must achieve two

goals. The first is the creation of the network

infrastructure. The second objective is to fairlyand efficiently share Communication resources

between sensor nodes.

Since thousands of sensor nodes are denselyscattered in a sensor field, the MAC scheme must

establish communication links for data transfer.


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NETWORK LAYER

One important function of the network layer is

to provide Internetworking with external

networks such as other sensor networks,

command and control systems and the

Internet. In one scenario, the sink nodes can

be used as a gateway to other networks.


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Protocols

FLOODING (resource blindness)

GOSSIPING (derivation of flooding)

SENSOR PROTOCOLS FOR INFORMATION VIA

NEGOTIATION

SEQUENTIAL ASSIGNMENT ROUTING LOW-

ENERGY ADAPTIVE CLUSTERING HIERARCHY

DIRECTED DIFFUSION

SMALL MINIMUM ENERGY

COMMUNICATION NETWORK


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Wireless sensor network

Applications of wireless sensor

network


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Abstract

Wireless sensors due to small size, low cost

and making a wireless sensor network makes

its use in many applications. i.e military

applications, environmental monitoring,commercial or human centric applications and

applications to robotics.


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A. Military applications

war time

wireless sensor networks up to 90 nodes.

It is used for information collection, battle field

surveillance, enemy tracking, target classification. Ohio State University has made a wireless sensor

network of 90 nodes to detect metallic object.The name of this project is the line in sand and

its objective was classification and tracking of themoving object with metals for example armedsoldiers and vehicals.


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Peace time

We can also use it for home land security,

property protection and surveillance, border

patrol etc.


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B. Environmental monitoring

Indoor environmental monitoring andemergency services

like SABER (Sensors and Buildings EngineeringResearch Center)

Graduate students have installed 50 match boxsize smart dust motes in the Department ofElectrical Engineering and Computer Sciences ofU.C. Berkeley to monitor light and temperature.

The lights from door, windows and frames andtemperature of the building was sensed by thesensors and controlled through heater and A.C.


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Outdoor Monitoring Application to

Ecology

One of the most representative examples is the

deployment of a sensor network consisting of 32

nodes on Great Duck Island (GDI),

This network was used for habitat monitoring.

The sensor that were used were able to sense

temperature, barometric pressure, and humidity.

The aim was to monitor the natural environmentof a bird and its behavior according to climatic

changes.


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Method

some motes were installed inside birds to in

detects its presence and the rest were deployed

in surrounding area. Data are aggregated via

nodes and passed through it to a gateway The University of Hawaii has also been occupied

with the study of the environment . They have

focused the research in Volcano National Park,trying to discover why some species can only live

in a specific


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C. Human-centric applications

Health science and the health care system can

also benefit from the use of wireless sensors.

Intels research concerns senior citizens and

their problems. Cognitive disorders, whichperhaps lead to Alzheimers, can be

monitored and controlled at their early stages,

using wireless sensors. Intel in Portland and inLas Vegas is carrying out such an experiment

(Proactive Health Research).


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D. Applications to robotics

Many applications coupling motes and robots

have been proposed. For example, Robomote

is a tiny robot developed by the USC Center

for Robotics and Embedded Systems topromote research in large-scale sensor

network where robots participate

Documents

Survey of Wsn and Apps