s . / * ? 3 C,V J v" . . .;V:- . 1C ' t-yV„. ^ - ' - ■ '

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

ECONOMIC COM M ITTEE

SURVEY OF

TOURIST TRAFFICconsidered as

AN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC FACTOR

GENEVA, 1936.

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ECONOMIC

AND FINANCIAL ORGANISATION

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Sub-Committee of Experts for the Unification of Customs Tariff Nomenclature.

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[ C o m m u n ic a t e d to the Council Official N o . ; C. 3 . IN/I. 3 . 1936. II .B .and the Members of th e League.]

G eneva, J a n u a ry 22nd, 1936.

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

ECONOMIC COM MITTEE

SURVEY OF

TOURIST TRAFFICconsidered as

AN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC FACTOR

Series of League’ of Nations Publications

II. E C O N O M IC A N D F IN A N C IA L

1936. II. B. 1.

CONTENTS.

P ag e

Chapter I .— C o n s id e r a t io n s w h ic h l e d t h e E co n o m ic C om m ittee t o p la c e t h e P ro b le m

o f t hf. I n t e r n a t i o n a l T o u r i s t T r a f f i c on i t s Program m e o f S t u d ie s :

1. Under the Influence of the Crisis, Interest in th e Tourist Traffic has been re-awakened,but from a Purely N ational Point of V i e w .................................................................... 5

2. International Character of the Econom ic Factor constituted b y the Tourist Traffic . . 6

j . Decisions of the Econom ic C o m m it t e e ................................................................................. 8

Chapter I I . — M e e t in g o f t h e S ub-C om m ittee o f E x p e r t s on t h e T o u r i s t T r a f f i c

(Geneva, October 21 st to 24th, 1935) :

A. List of M e m b e r s ................................................................................................................................. 9

B. R esults of the S e s s io n ....................................................................................................................... 10

1. General Conditions of the Tourist Traffic since the W a r ............................. 10

(a) E ffects of Currency Depreciation on the Tourist T r a f f ic ........................ n

(b) Effects of the Regulation of D ealings in Foreign E xchange . . . . 12

(c) R ecom m endations of the Sub-Committee of E x p e r t s ............................. 13

(d ) Transfer of Sum s D u e .......................................................................................... 14

2. Technical Questions relating to th e Tourist Traffic :

(a ) P a s s p o r t s ....................................................................................................................... 15

(b ) Measures to reduce the N um ber of Traffic D o c u m e n t s ............................ 15

(c) R ecom m endations of the S u b -C o m m it te e .................................................... 16

(d ) Customs F o r m a l i t i e s ............................................................................................... 16

(e) E xem ption of Travel P ub lic ity Matter from Customs D uties . . . 16

( f ) Tourist S t a t i s t i c s ....................................................................................................... 17

(g ) Facilities to be granted in respect of Railw ay T r a v e l ............................. 17

A n n e x e s .

I. Statistics concerning the International Tourist Traffic :

(a) Graphs showing the D evelopm ent of Tourist Traffic (Inward and Outward Pay­m ents) in Certain C o u n tr ie s .................................................................................. 21

(b ) Graphs in respect of France, giving a Comparative Table of the R eceipts fromTourist Traffic and the Value of Im ports from 1927 to 1934, and giving the Expenditure b y Tourists and the Value of E xports during the Same Years in the Case of the U nited States of A m e r i c a ................................................ 21

(c) R eceipts and Paym ents in respect of Tourist Traffic in Certain Countries . . . . 22

(d) Expenditure in the Same Countries b y Tourists com ing from the U nited Statesof A m e r i c a ....................................................................................................................... 23

S.d.N. 1 . 6 8 5 (F.) 1.295 (A.). 1/36. Im p . Réunies, Cham béry .

— 4 ~

PageII . Desiderata and Recommendations regarding Customs Exemption for Travel Publicity

Material :(a) Recommendation of the Sub-Committee on Tourist Traffic of the Conference of

the Countries which have remained on the Gold Standard (Brussels, November 28th, 1 9 3 4 ) ................................................................................................. 24

(b) Recommendation of the Central Council of International Touring at its Sessionfrom May 14th to 18th, 1935, at C ra c o w ............................................................... 24

(c) Resolution of the International Union of Official Organs for the Promotion of theTourist Traffic a t its Congress at The Hague on May 28th, 1 9 3 5 .....................

I I I . Formalities and Charges imposed on Tourists (excluding Formalities resulting from theRegulations concerning Dealings in Foreign Exchange) :

(a) Survey of the Formalities and Charges to which Foreign Tourists are subject inCertain European C o u n tries ........................................................................................ 26

(b) Survey of the Formalities and Charges to which Foreign Tourists are subject inCertain Countries of A m e r ic a .................................................................................... 32

(c) Results obtained by the Pan-American Commercial Conference a t Buenos Airesin May 1935 as regards a Simplification of Formalities and a Reduction in the Charges imposed on T o u r is ts ........................................................................... 36

(d) Charges for Passports issued to Nationals and Other Persons domiciled withinthe Country when about to go a b r o a d ................................................................... 36

(e) Decree for the Protection of French Tourist T ra ff ic .............................................. 37

IV. Measures in force in Certain Countries concerning the Export of National Currency forPurposes of Tourist Traffic :

(a) Survey of the Regulations in force in Austria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece,Spain and Y u g o s la v ia ................................................................................................ 3g

(b) Situation resulting from the Putting into force of the German Regulations andthe Arrangements concluded by Certain Countries with Germany :

1. Regulation of Foreign Exchange for Journeys abroad, applicable to allPersons, irrespective of Nationality, whose Permanent Domicile is in G e r m a n y ..................................................................................................... 40

2. Synoptic Table of Individual Conventions concluded by the GermanGovernment in respect of Travellers going a b ro a d ............................. 41

3. Notes on the Foregoing Synoptic T a b l e ...................................................... 424. Rules for the Granting of Foreign Exchange to Tourists domiciled outside

the Reich and travelling in G e rm a n y .................................................. 42

(c) Rules applicable to Tourist Traffic between Germany and Switzerland................. 43

(d) Main Provisions of the Agreement concluded in June 1935 between Germany andthe Netherlands with a view to allowing German Tourists to visit the N e th e r la n d s ................................................................................................................. 44

V. Note on the Difficulties connected with the Transfer of Sums claimed by a CustomsAdministration in the Case of Non-discharged T r ip ty c h s ................................................. 46

VI. System of Mileage Tickets as applied in S p a i n ........................................................................ 47

SURVEY OF TOURIST TRAFFIC CONSIDERED AS AN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC FACTOR.

C H A P T E R I.

CONSIDERATIONS W H IC H L E D T H E ECONOM IC C O M M ITTEE TO PL A C E T H E P R O B L E M O F T H E IN T E R N A T IO N A L T O U R IS T T R A F F IC ON IT S PRO G RA M M E

O F S T U D IE S .1

i . U n d e r t h e I n f l u e n c e o f t h e C r i s i s , I n t e r e s t i n t h e T o u r i s t T r a f f i c h a s b e e n

R E -A W A K E N E D , B U T FROM A P U R E L Y N A T IO N A L P O IN T OF V lE W .

The difficulties of all k inds which s ta n d in th e w ay of the in te rn a tio n a l to u ris t traffic have led G overnm ents to realise the genuine im p ortance of th is m ovem ent, a process which has been assisted b y th e losses suffered as a resu lt of th e falling-off o r cessation of th is traffic.

U nfortunate ly , only th e s tr ic tly n a tio n a l aspect of the question is considered as a rule, and the conviction is being estab lished t h a t only a certa in n u m b er of coun tries which a t t r a c t a large n u m b er of foreign touris ts , such as Sw itzerland, I ta ly , F rance, A ustria , Sweden, Norway, etc., are in te re s ted in th e p rosperity of th e in te rn a tio n a l tou ris t traffic.

(a) I t is of course easy to u n d e rs ta n d th a t these countries should tak e a p a r tic u la r ly keen in terest in the question. T he p ro sp e rity of th e ir agricu lture, th e ir in d u stry , the ir commerce an d th e ir t ra n sp o r t u n d er tak in g s is clearly bound u p w ith th is traffic. T hey have made costly insta lla tions to im prove th e ir services and th e ir road system s, and th ey have invested m uch cap ita l in estab lishm en ts for sheltering to u ris ts : in Sw itzerland, for exam ple, the hotel in d u s try occupies a leading position am ong th e n a tional economic activ ities. The income derived from the to u ris t traffic p lays an im p o r ta n t p a r t in th e balance of accounts of these countries an d th e decline which has occurred in th is incom e causes th em th e acu tes t anxiety.

I t is therefore n a tu ra l th a t these countries should m ake increasing efforts to a t t r a c t the greatest possible n u m b er of foreign to u ris ts to th e ir te rr ito ry . They carry ou t p ropaganda on a large scale— generally d irec ted b y the n a t io n a l to u ris t offices an d su p p o rted b y th e public authorities— an d advertise the n a tu ra l beau ties of p a r tic u la r d istric ts , th e ir a r tis tic resources, the healthiness of th e ir c lim ate, the excellence of th e ir hotels or th e ab undance and safe ty of their m eans of tran sp o r t. W ith the sam e purpose in view, th ey organise festivities, ho liday - seasons, “ weeks ” , " w eek-ends ” , com bined circu lar tours, etc., and offer considerable reductions on railw ay o r steam ship tickets , etc.

(b) In addition , these same countries tak e a g rea t deal of troub le to p ro tec t the tou ris t traffic aga inst th e obstacles w hich it encoun ters in all directions. T hey are th u s induced to negotiate on th is sub jec t w ith o th er countries, p a r ticu la rly w ith those in m one ta ry difficulties, and the in te rn a tio n a l to u ris t traffic is th u s tend ing to assum e an increasingly im p o rtan t place in in te rna tiona l economic negotiations.

In several cases, a d irect re la tionship has been estab lished betw een the to u ris t traffic and the exchange of goods. C ountry A desires to im p o rt tou ris ts ; co u n try B desires to export

'S ec tio n s i a n d 2 are ta k e n fro m th e E conom ic C o m m ittee 's re p o r t to th e Council on th e w ork of its fo rty -firs t session (docum ent C .353.M. 165.1934.II .B ) .

6 —

certa in goods. C ountry A will therefore agree to tak e a ce rta in num ber of waggon-loads of the goods in question on condition th a t co u n try B allows a ce rta in n u m b er of tou ris ts to obtain th e currency necessary to leave its te rr i to ry , possibly a t the sam e tim e g ran tin g them certain p a r tic u la r facilities to induce th em to go to co u n try A ra th e r th a n elsewhere. Ingenious m eans {e.g., buoni d i turismo) h ave been devised to fac il ita te th is m ovem en t, while as far as possible p rev en tin g the foreign exchange m ark e t from being affected.

(c) D espite all this, i t is curious th a t even th e countries which, th rough th e ir long tradi­tions, ough t to h ave understood b e t te r th an the o thers th e t ru ly in te rn a tio n a l cha rac ter of the to u ris t traffic, alw ays regard i t pure ly from th e ir own ind iv idua l po in t of view. Thus, few F ren ch people troub le to enquire w he ther Sw itzerland has h a d a good or b ad to u ris t season an d even a Swiss hotel-lceeper— i.e., th e ty p ica l ho te l-keeper—is p robab ly indifferent to thé n u m b er of to u ris ts who visit A ustria a t a n y p a r ticu la r time. Again, all th ree are no doubt convinced th a t the touris tic organisation of " H oly Y e a r ” is a th ing which concerns Italy alone an d in which th ey have no reason to be in terested .

W h a t is to be said of the countries w hich are n o t v isited regularly by a large num ber of foreign tourists , an d for which such traffic has consequen tly only a sm all d irect an d visible im p o rtan ce ? F o r the public opinion of these coun tries— am ong which m ay be mentioned E n g land , G erm any and the U nited S ta te s of Am erica— th e p rosperity or distress of th e French, Swiss or I ta l ian to u ris t traffic is a m a t te r en tire ly devoid of in terest.

2. I n t e r n a t i o n a l Ch a r a c t e r of t h e E conom ic F a c t o r c o n s t it u t e d b y t h e T ourist

T r a f f ic .

Needless to say , th is ind iv idualist conception of the to u ris t traffic is qu ite incompatible w ith econom ic reality .

(a ) F o r a co u n try like Sw itzerland, for exam ple, a good to u ris t season m eans an increasing incom e, which m ay be es tim a ted — th e s ta tis tic s being very unreliable— a t several hundred millions of Swiss francs. A considerable p a r t of th is sum will necessarily flow back to th e foreign countries which are Sw itzerland’s usual suppliers of all t h a t she needs to t ran sp o r t , house, feed a n d am use all these tourists , who co n s ti tu te a tem p o ra ry increase in th e population, som etim es am o u n tin g to as m uch as 10%.

A Sw itzerland in which the m oun ta in resorts are em pty , half th e hotels closed, th e workers engaged in th e ho te l in d u s try unem ployed— in short, a Sw itzerland whose incom e falls sharply in a p a r tic u la r y ea r—will necessarily be a poorer custom er for F rance, I ta ly and Germany. She m ay even be induced, in o rder to rem edy the deficit th u s crea ted in h er balance of accounts, to reduce h er im p o rts still fu r th e r ; possibly th e tim e will come, if the situa tion gets worse, when she will find herself obliged, in th e in teres t of her h o te l in d u s try , to keep h e r own nationals w ith in the co u n try in s tead of leaving th em free to m ake pleasure and holiday tr ip s in France, I ta ly , A ustria , etc.

A nother fam iliar exam ple is t h a t of F rance : In o rd inary times, for exam ple in 1929, it was ca lcu la ted— although on a som ew hat doub tfu l basis—th a t th e incom e derived from the to u ris t 't ra f fic was sufficient to m ake up to a very large ex te n t for the deficit in th e balance of trade . In o th er words, the tou ris t traffic helped F ran ce v ery m ateria lly to ca rry th is large d efic it 'w ithou t difficulty and to continue to b uy a m uch g rea te r q u a n t i ty of goods from foreign countries, such as G erm any, the U nited K ingdom , the U n ited S ta tes, e tc . , th a n she sold to them.

In 1929, i t w as calcu lated th a t th e to u ris t traffic left th e U nited S ta tes a deficit of 685 million gold dollars. Of th is sum, 500 millions were p ro b ab ly spen t in E urope an d th u s helped to reduce th e d eb it of th e E uropean countries in question in respect of th e ir im ports of raw m ateria ls an d of th e ir p ay m en ts to th e U n ited States.

— 7 ~

Other exam ples could be q u o ted to show how g rea tly th e to u ris t traffic helped to balanceaccounts.

(b) This in te rn a tio n a l ch a rac te r of th e to u r is t traffic is also ev iden t if we exam ine in slightly more d e ta il th e effect of ce rta in m easures aim ed a t fostering it. Thus, when a co un try l i k e Italy perm its trave lle rs w ith th e m ost m odest resources to trav e l th e whole leng th of the p e n i n s u l a for a trifling sum , o r w hen i t g ra n ts th e m all k inds of facilities for pilgrimages to Rome, it w ould be a m istake to im agine th a t th is m easure is useful to I ta ly alone.

A l l m easures of th is k ind give an im p e tu s to a fu r th e r ca tegory of tou ris ts , who swell th e n u m b e r s of o rd in ary touris ts . T hey appeal to sm all purses—i.e., to persons who, if these s p e c i a l term s h ad n o t been offered, would very likely never have th o u g h t of u n d er tak in g a j o u r n e y ab ro ad a t all.

On the assum ption t h a t th e n u m b er of th ese ad d itio n a l to u r is ts am o u n ts to 300,000 c o m i n g from th e S cand inav ian countries, th e U n ited K ingdom , G erm any, th e N e the rlands and all th e Catholic countries of E urope , th is m eans, in our opinion, t h a t in 300,000 cases, all these countries being ta k e n in th e aggregate , 300,000 add itional incom es have been created.

From th e o u tse t, th e re is a considerable difference betw een th e expenses of a m an who stays at hom e an d th e expenses of one u n d e r ta k in g a p leasure trip . In the first place, the money which he h ad spen t on th e jo u rney h ad p ro b a b ly no t yet been p u t to any p roduc tive use. As soon as he sets o u t, th is sm all c ap ita l will be p u t in to c ircu la tion w ith a h u n d red per cent activity . M oreover, how ever sm all his m eans, th e to u ris t will in cu r a n u m b er of small expenses to p rep a re for th e journey.

A Belgian w orkm an o r a m iddle-class B elgian Catholic, who, te m p te d b y the reductions granted by th e I ta l ian G overnm ent, decides to go to R om e for H oly Year, will p ro b ab ly never have v isited th e different tow ns or coun tries on his route. P robab ly , therefore, he will wish to m ake th e m ost of his jo u rney , w hich will perhaps be the only one he will u n d e r ta k e in his life. H e will first of all h av e to cross p a r t of h is own co u n try ’s te r r i to ry ; he will therefo re probably s top a t som e tow n or o th e r in which, besides the ex p en d itu re represented by the railway ticke t, he will h av e to in cu r expenses for accom m odation, food a n d sundry purchases.

On leav ing Belgium, he will go th ro u g h F ran ce an d will a lm ost certa in ly s tay a few days in Paris. On his re tu rn , h e m ay say to h im self t h a t he will p ro b ab ly never have an o th e r opportunity of seeing Sw itzerland , an d will p e rh ap s also stop there for a time.

A Czechoslovak to u r is t will a lm ost ce rta in ly s top a t V ienna, a t Salzburg, in Sw itzerland,e t c .

All th is series of in te rm ed ia te expenses will be still m ore im p o r ta n t in the case of a G erm an or English to u r is t for exam ple. As regard th e A m erican to u r is t , even if he is especially a t t r a c te d by the facilities g ra n te d b y a p a r tic u la r c o u n try or is insp ired b y religious, sen tim en ta l or other reasons, he will ce rta in ly ta k e th e o p p o r tu n i ty of his t r ip — p erh ap s his only one— to Europe to v isit th e p rinc ipa l co u n trie s and th e p rin c ip a l capita ls.

Moreover, ou r to u ris t will e a t Swiss cheese in F rance , will d rink F ren ch wine in Sw itzerland, will buy in I ta ly fancy artic les m ade a t N u rem b erg ; if he is trave lling b y car, he will consum e American petro l, an d if he trave ls m ore m odestly b y rail, all the special tra in s organised for the tourist traffic will consum e B ritish coal an d so on.

Thus we h av e a Belgian, a Czechoslovak, an E nglishm an, an A m erican or a G erm an who, having se t o u t as a resu lt of th e a t tra c t io n exercised b y the facilities offered in a p a r ticu la r country, b rings in ad d itional incom e—in respect of t ra n sp o r t and o th e r expenses— b o th to his own co u n try an d to a whole series of in te rm ed ia te countries th ro u g h which he passes or in which he stops.

(c) L astly , i t is as m is tak en to consider th e home to u ris t traffic as som eth ing essen tia lly different from th e international to u ris t traffic as it is to ignore th e fact th a t a co u n try ’s economic

_ 8 —

a c t iv i ty is ind isso lubly linked w ith i ts foreign trade . Indeed , th e desire to trav e l from one place to a n o th e r in a person’s own co u n try in no w ay differs from the desire w hich will lead th e sam e person one d ay to cross his c o u n try ’s frontiers.

T h ir ty years ago, a P aris w o rk m an ce rta in ly never d ream ed of v isiting I ta ly , b u t neither d id he th in k of spending his holidays in B ri t ta n y . T he increase of trave lling is a growing social deve lopm ent which by no m eans s tops a t th e fron tie rs of each country .

To en d eav o u r to a t t r a c t th e g re a te s t possible n u m b er of to u ris ts to one’s own country an d a t th e sam e tim e to do all in one’s pow er to p rev en t one’s own na tio n a ls from visiting neighbouring coun tries (as ap p ears to be th e aim of ce rta in ad v e rtisem en t cam paigns and of a series of v ex a tio u s m easures aga inst foreign trav e l advertisem ents) is as serious a breach of econom ic good sense as to en d eav o u r to ex p o r t ev e ry th in g an d to im p o rt no thing.

(d ) L astly , i t should n o t be im agined th a t th e to u r is t m ovem en t will rem ain confined to ce rta in coun tries p a r ticu la r ly favoured b y n a tu re , such as I ta ly , Sw itzerland, France, A ustria , etc.

In p o in t of fac t , nea rly every c o u n try possesses a ce rta in v a r ie ty of c lim atic an d geogra­phica l conditions and , m oreover h as a n a tio n a l civilisation of some value, an d every country can therefore exercise, an d does co n s tan tly exercise, a grow ing a t t ra c t io n fo r th e traveller from abroad . T here can be no d o u b t th a t if the coun tries of E u ro p e realise th a t i t is to the general in te re s t to set in m otion la rg e r and la rg e r sections of th e popu la tion , an d hence acquire th e conviction th a t trave lling is in th e com m on in teres t, an d ac t accordingly b y making concerted efforts to p rov ide trave lling facilities for a grow ing n u m b er of people, however m odest th e ir resources, th e re is h a rd ly a co u n try in E u ro p e w hich will n o t d irec tly o r indirectly derive considerable ad van tage .

3. D e c i s i o n s o f t h e E co no m ic Co m m it t e e .

S ubject to th e general considerations set o u t above, th e Econom ic C om m ittee , having regard to th e fac t th a t several of th e techn ical problem s of th e to u r is t traffic h av e for some years p as t been dea lt w ith in in te rn a tio n a l ag reem ents or are being inves tiga ted b y qualified bodies, decided :

(a ) To req u es t the Council of th e League to d raw th e a t ten t io n of th e Committee of S ta tis t ica l E x p e r ts to th e des irab ility of considering m eans of am plify ing, improving an d s tan d ard is in g to u ris t s ta tis tic s ;

(b ) To convene a Sub-C om m ittee of E x p e r ts on T ouris t Traffic to form ula te an opinion as to w h a t ac tion should be u n d e r ta k e n o r pu rsued in o rder to p ro m o te a revival of the in te rn a tio n a l to u r is t traffic.

The q u es tion of to u ris t s ta tis tic s is a t p resen t u n d e r consideration b y th e statistical experts.

The Sub-C om m ittee of E x p e r ts on T ouris t Traffic m et a t G eneva from O ctober 21st to 24th, 1935.

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C H A P T E R II.

MEETING O F T H E SU B -C O M M IT T E E O F E X P E R T S ON T H E T O U R IS T T R A F F IC .

A. LIST OF MEMBERS.

Representatives of N ational Tourist Offices.

Austria: M. E . D e i n l e i n , H ead of th e T ouris t Traffic D e p a r tm en t a t theF ed era l M inistry of Com merce and T ran sp o rt .

Bel^o-Luxemburg Union : Colonel E. N. F . P u l i n x , D irecto r-G eneral of th e B elgo-L uxem burgT ouris t Traffic Office.

United K ingdom : M r . L . A . d e L a c y M e r e d i t h , G eneral D irector, The T rav e l an dIn d u s tr ia l D evelopm en t A ssociation of G rea t B rita in and Ire land .

France : M. E . P e y r o m a u r e - D e b o r d , M aître des R eq u ê tes a t th e Councilof S ta te , D elegate-G eneral for T o u ris t Traffic.

Italy : M. Oreste B o n o m i , D irecto r-G eneral of T ouris t Traffic a t the P ressan d P ro p ag a n d a M in istry .1

Netherlands : M . W. P . E. v a n D e v e n t e r , D irec to r of th e G eneral N e th e rlan d sT ouris t Traffic U n ion , Secretary -G eneral of th e In te rn a t io n a l U nion of Official O rgans for the P rom otion of th e T ouris t Traffic.2

Norway : M . G. B. L a m p e , D irec to r of the N a tio n a l T o u ris t Traffic Office.

Spain : M . J . R u iz d e A r a n a , V iscount d e M a m b l a s , H ead of the T ouristTraffic D e p a r tm e n t a t th e M inistry for Foreign Affairs (also represen ting th e P .N .T . of Madrid).

Switzerland : M . Siegfried B i t t e l , D irec to r of th e Swiss N a tio n a l T ourist TrafficOffice.

United States of America : Mr. D onald F. B i g e l o w , of the U n ited S ta te s Consulate-G eneral,Geneva.

Representatives of In ternational Tourist Traffic Organisations.

International Touring Association,Brussels: M. P a u l H . D u c h a i n e , Secretary-G eneral, M em ber o f

th e Mines Board.

International Association of Recog­nised Automobile Clilbs, Paris : Colonel G. P é r o n , Secretary-G eneral.

1 Replaced d u rin g p a r t of th e session b y M. A . R a v a , H e a d of Section a t th e D irec to ra te -G en era l of T o u ris t Traffic, Rome.

2 Did n o t a t te n d th e m eeting , b u t h a d asked to be excused.

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Central Council of International Touring, Paris : C ount H a d e l i n d e L i e d e k e r k e - B e a u f o r t , President

International Railway Union : M. L e v e r v e , Secretary-G eneral.1

International U nion of Officiai Organs for the Promotion of the TouristTraffic : Colonel E. N. F. P u l i n x , Chairm an.

B. RESULTS OF THE SESSION.

The Sub-C om m ittee m ade a careful ex am ina tion of th e various questions relating to in te rn a tio n a l to u ris t traffic in th e light of the p resen t economic s itu a tio n .2 I t divided the questions to be considered in to tw o m ain categories : th e first, of a general charac ter, comprising th e questions w hich govern th e developm ent or cause th e shrinkage of the international to u ris t traffic, an d the second com prising the various technical problem s re la ting to such traffic.

i . G e n e r a l C o n d i t i o n s o f t h e T o u r i s t T r a f f i c s i n c e t h e W a r .

Before th e w a r of 1914, tou ris ts w ishing to v isit foreign countries m et, generally speaking, w ith no difficulties o th e r th an those som etim es caused by a few simple technical formalities w ith w hich th ey were requ ired to comply. No restric tions were placed upon travel, and general conditions were therefore favourab le to th e developm ent of the in te rn a tio n a l tourist traffic.

Since th e conclusion of peace, th e c ircum stances a ttach in g to th e resum ption of inter­n a t io n a l economic an d financial re la tions h ave been such th a t m ost countries have in turn found them selves obliged to ad o p t m easures affecting the whole complex of international relations. T he in te rn a tio n a l to u r is t traffic has been faced w ith difficulties which increase side b y side w ith th e developm ent of abnorm al economic conditions.3 I t is a t p resen t handicapped b y a series of restric tions, the m ost serious of w hich are connected w ith m o n e ta ry problems.

1 D id no t a t te n d th e m eeting , b u t h a d asked to be excused.

2 T he Sub-C om m ittee of E x p e r ts h a d th e privilege of being able to use as a source of in fo rm a tio n for its work th e re p o r t t h a t one of i ts m em bers, M. P ey ro m au re -D eb o rd , h a d su b m itte d u n d e r th e t it le “ Le to u rism e , le therm a­lism e e t le c lim atism e ” to th e N a tio n a l E conom ic Council of F ran ce a t i ts session on April 12th, 1935.

3 As regards th e budgetary position of th e countries m ost concerned in th e in te rn a tio n a l to u r is t traffic, we reproduce below a passage ta k e n from th e la s t re p o r t of th e E conom ic C om m ittee , e n tit led “ R em ark s on th e P re sen t Phase of In te rn a t io n a l E conom ic R ela tions ” (docum en t C.344.M.174.T935.IT.B) :

“ The rece ip ts fro m to u r is t traffic a re of p a ra m o u n t im portance in th e econom ic sys tem of ce r ta in nations. T o u ris t traffic falls off in ev itab ly w h en in te rn a tio n a l t r a d e is h e ld up as i t is a t p re sen t ; a n d th e difficulties with w h ich i t is faced a re even more m ark ed ly en h an ced w h en m o n e ta ry deprec ia tion a n d foreign exchange control supervene.

“ In d u s try a n d t ra d e w hich depend upon th e to u r is t traffic— first and fo rem ost, th e h o te l in d u s try — have experienced a co n trac tio n of incom e a n d their taxpay ing capacity is steadily shrinking. T h e am o rtisa tio n of the cap ita l invested in large or sm all u n d e rtak ings designed to m ee t a g iven volum e of to u r is t traffic begins to weigh fa r m ore h e av ily on th em . The S ta te h a s to in te rv en e e ith e r b y g ran tin g subsidies or by allowing exem ptions : this is a fresh difficulty for those in charge of the budget.

“ M oreover, to u r is ts h ave in th e p a s t a t t ra c te d to th e c o u n try th e y were v isiting a large q u a n t i ty of imports w hich rep resen ted profits for neighbouring countries. W e need m erely consider th e wine, f ru it, vegetables and m ea t w hich Sw itzerland h a d to im p o rt in order to su p p ly th e needs of he r enorm ous to u r is t traffic, and we shall realise, first, t h a t th e re are m an y Swiss w ho e a rn less an d th ere fo re p a y less taxes to th e S ta te , an d , secondly, t h a t th e decrease in th is t rad e will affect th e producers and m erch an ts of th e countries of origin of th e products in qu estio n a n d w ill consequently render th em also less capable of contributing to the balancing of their own national budget."

— II —

T h e Sub-C om m ittee w as therefore led to m ak e an ex am in a tio n of th e m ore im p o rtan t of these problems from the sole p o in t of view of th e ir effects upon th e to u ris t traffic, w ith o u t e n d e a v o u r i n g to trace th em b ack to th e ir o r i g i n or to ex ten d th e ex am in a tio n to possible m eans of bringing ab o u t a re tu rn to g rea te r freedom in th e c ircu la tion of c ap ita l and , consequently , in travel.

(a) Effects of Currency Depreciation on the Tourist Traffic.

National m o n e ta ry policy, w hich a t p re sen t varies g rea tly from co u n try to coun try , has been profoundly influenced b y the econom ic conditions resu lting from a process of develop­ment th a t has, during th e las t few years, tak e n v ery different form s in each of the countries concerned. T he position is d o m in a ted b y various facto rs which have resu lted in a considerable disparity betw een th e price-levels prevailing w ith in the various countries a n d in th e in s tab il ity , or at least co n stan tly th rea ten ed in s tab ility , of ce rta in na tio n a l currencies. As th is d isp arity in national price-levels ex ists betw een im p o r ta n t to u ris t countries, and as th e currencies of some of the leading S ta tes have n o t y e t been stabilised , a t least legally, the Sub-C om m ittee proceeded to an exchange of views on th e experience gained b o th in coun tries w ith apprec ia ted and in countries w ith deprec ia ted currencies, w ith regard to th e effects of m one ta ry in s tab il ity and the d isp arity of prices on the v isits of foreign tourists . T he Sub-C om m ittee was of opinion th a t th e experience of ce rta in countries p o in ted to th e following general conclusions :

1. A lthough, in an enqu iry of th is kind, i t is difficult to isolate th e effects of th is m o n e ta ry factor—which, in general, ap p e a r in co m bination w ith those of o th e r factors, such as a fa ll in incomes, e tc .—it w ould seem th a t i t is n o t so m uch the d isp arity betw een price-levels as monetary in s tab ility which m u st be held responsible for the m odifications b o th in the volum e of the tourist traffic a n d in th e d irec tion it has taken .

2. In the countries which h av e m ain ta in ed th e gold p a r ity of th e ir currencies an d whose internal price-level rem ains, in general tho u g h in v e ry vary in g degrees, h igher th a n the average of world prices, an a t te m p t has been m ade a t v o lu n ta ry ad ap ta t io n .1 E xchange ra te s never­theless co n s ti tu te a psychological fac to r the influence of which has been clearly felt by th e international to u ris t traffic.2 T his a t te m p t a t a d a p ta t io n is still going on, b u t, as i ts effects upon the to u ris t traffic from ab ro ad depend on th e e x te n t to w hich i ts success is b ro u g h t hom e to the public, i t is g rea tly to the in te re s t of th e gold coun tries to tak e th e m ost ap p ro p ria te steps to ensure th a t th e results o b ta in ed in th is d irection are m ade know n abroad.

3. In the countries w hich have reduced the value of th e ir currencies, i t is difficult to gauge the effect of th is m easure on th e influx of foreign tou ris ts because, a t th e sam e tim e, the la tte r is also responding to the influence, w h e th e r favourable o r unfavourab le , of special

1 “ I t h ap p en s t h a t th e th ree chief coun trie s v is ited by to u r is ts— F rance, I ta ly a n d Sw itzerland— have rem ained on the gold s ta n d a rd and h ave also for a long tim e p a s t ap p lied a C ustom s policy p rev en tin g to o large a decline in th e ir internal prices. H ence th e re is a d isp a r ity be tw een t h e price-levels in th e countries of o rig in and th e coun trie s of destination of to u ris ts .

“ This d isp a r ity is, however, on ly re la tiv e a n d varies from c o u n try to coun try . M oreover, for som e tim e p a s t th e three countries in q u estion have been m ak in g ev ery e ffo rt to c o m b a t th e h ig h co s t of l iv ing a n d th is de fla tionary movement is also ex ten d in g to t h e prices w h ich p a r tic u la r ly concern foreign tou ris ts . Considerable efforts are being made to lower th e t r a n s p o r t costs, h o te l prices, e tc . D esp ite th ese efforts, fore igners still th in k that^ these countries are ' dear W h e th e r co rrec t or n o t, th is op in ion n a tu ra l ly co n s t itu te s a v e ry serious o b stac le .” (E x tra c t from th e report a lready quoted .)

2 “ This o bstac le appears p a rticu la rly serious w hen i t is considered t h a t th e m ajo r ity of t h e countries of th e world, and among th e m th e U n ited K ingdom a n d th e U n ited S ta te s of A m erica, h av e d eprec ia ted currencies.

“ E ven if he h a s n o t lo st m uch during th e slum p, a n A m erican w ishing to come to E urope calculates t h a t for his dollar he can now only o b ta in 3 Swiss francs, 15 French francs or a b o u t 12 lire. H e will n o t enqu ire w h e th er S w itzerland, Italy and F rance h av e no t m ade th e necessary efforts to b ring th e i r costs of t r a n s p o r t a n d h o te ls in to line w ith th is new situation. T h e m ere fa c t of th e d isp a r ity in t h e value of th e currencies will even p re v en t h im fro m se ttin g o u t .” (Extract f ro m th e re p o r t a lre ad y quoted .)

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conditions, im p o r ta n t political events, etc. As regards th e in te rn a tio n a l to u ris t traffic it w ould nevertheless ap p ea r t h a t the countries w ith deprecia ted currencies have benefited in th e long run.

4. In certa in cases, the ad v an tag es of a low price-level were p robab ly m ore apparen t than real, as th ey have been offset b y th e tax e s an d inc iden ta l charges w hich foreign tourists are called upon to pay.

5. I t is peculiarly difficult to es tim a te even ap p ro x im a te ly the incom e derived from foreign tourists , on account of th e recent extensive developm ent of certa in new forms of travel (cruises, m otor-coach tours, etc.) in w hich to u ris ts only spend very small sum s— and, in some cases, no th ing a t a ll—in th e coun tries visited.

(b) Effects of the Regulation of Dealings in Foreign Exchange.

Of the various economic factors charac terising the p resen t depression, i t is, in the Sub- C om m ittee’s unan im ous opinion, th e res tr ic tions upon foreign exchange dealings which co n s t i tu te th e most serious obstacle in the way of international travel. The regula tions in force, how ever, v a ry g rea tly from cou n try to coun try , and, from th e to u ris ts ’ po in t of view, may be d iv ided in to tw o categories, the consequences of w hich are q u ite d istinc t :

(x) R egu la tions which are designed to con tro l or even res tr ic t th e export of currency, b u t which m ake an exception in th e case of to u ris ts going abroad so as to enable them to trav e l an d s ta y in a foreign co u n try u n d e r norm al conditions ;

, (2) R egu lations which, on the con tra ry , go so fa r as p ractica lly to p roh ib it the export of currency an d which, as a rule, deny tou ris ts anxious to proceed ab road the right to ex p o rt m ore th an a very small sum, w'hich, in some cases, is bare ly sufficient to maintain th e m for even one or tw o days.1

W hereas th e first of these categories places no very serious difficulties in the way of in te rn a tio n a l trave l, the second, on th e o th e r hand , tends to paralyse it entirely.

In the course of the discussion, several m em bers of the Sub-Com m ittee po in ted out that the regula tions governing foreign exchange dealings in various countries had , b y immobilising foreign credits, favoured “ one-way ” to u ris t traffic. F o r exam ple, the in troduction in G erm any of th e Reisemark (travellers’ m ark ) , which can be acqu ired a t a su b s tan tia l discount on th e official ra te of the m ark , would ap p ear to have exerted an appreciable influence on the n u m b er of foreign tou ris ts v isiting Germ any.

The Sub-C om m ittee is of opinion th a t , though present circum stances expla in th e appear­ance of such practices, a t ten tio n m ust nevertheless be draw n to th e ir very serious consequences. W hen th is system leads to frozen credits being draw n upon w ith o u t any equ iva len t advantage being given and w hen the only resu lt is to p rom ote “ one-way ” to u ris t traffic, th e creditor countries are deprived of the difference betw een th e official ra te of the m ark an d the purchase price of trav e lle rs’ m arks.

In order to m itiga te as fa r as possible the effects of these regulations, ce rta in countries, realising th e g rea t im portance of the foreign to u ris t traffic for th e ir economic life and being therefo re p articu la rly anxious to m ain ta in it, have concluded b ila tera l agreem ents based upon th e com pensa tion principle. Generally speaking, such agreem ents provide th a t , in return for com m ercial concessions, the co u n try t h a t has in troduced restric tions upon foreign exchange dealings will m ake an exception in fav o u r of i ts nationals who v isit the te r r i to ry of the other con trac ting p a r ty .

1 A nnex IV to th e presen t docum en t sum m arises various n a tiona l regu la tions on th is subject.

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T h e Sub-C om m ittee p roceeded to an exchange of views for th e purpose of estab lish ing the r e s u l t s of th e app lica tion of such agreem ents. B road ly speaking, th e conclusion was th a t t h e s e experim ents h ad only p a r t ly fulfilled th e hopes to which th ey h ad g iven rise an d th a t , t h o u g h s u c h agreem ents m ig h t prove sa tis fac to ry in ce rta in special cases, th e ir general i n t r o d u c t i o n could no t, ap p a ren tly , be recom m ended.

There has been specu la tion in ce rta in coun tries as to w h e th e r o th e r m eans in add ition t o t h e bilatera l agreem ents a lready described m ay n o t ex ist for neu tra lis ing the results of t h e hindrances c rea ted by th e app lica tion of n a tio n a l regula tions on foreign exchange dealings.1

Nevertheless, th e Sub-C om m ittee is n o t of opinion th a t th e m ethods h i th e r to suggested or tried contain the elem ents of a sy s tem w hich could seriously be en te r ta in ed as a m eans of a p p r e c i a b l y rem edying th e d raw b ack s in question .

(c) Recommendations of the Sub-Committee of Experts.

Although, a t least in th e case of ce rta in countries, i t w ould a t p resen t ap p e a r to be difficult to abolish, for th e benefit of the to u ris t traffic, th e obstacles resu lting from a s tr ic t l im ita tion of the export of foreign exchange, the Sub-C om m ittee is convinced th a t i t w ould be b y no m eans impossible to m ake th e regula tions m ore elastic, a n d th a t th is w ould m ark th e beginning of a revival, not m erely in the to u r is t traffic, b u t also in in te rn a tio n a l economic re la tions, as such traffic is in the very n a tu re of th ings an im p o r ta n t m edium for th e in te rn a tio n a l c irculation of money.

T h e Sub-C om m ittee expresses the opinion th a t th e conclusion of b i la te ra l agreem ents, w h i c h , in practice, resu lt in d iscrim ination betw een to u ris t countries, w ould be im peded by t h e practical difficulties of app lica tion , th e influence of w hich tends, in the long run, to res tr ic t s u c h traffic. F u rth e rm o re , th ey in troduce com pensa tion betw een tw o v ery different item s in t h e balance of p ay m e n ts— viz., th e to u r is t traffic an d the exchange of goods. T he Sub- C o m m i t t e e considers, however, th a t , fo r m an y reasons, and more p a r ticu la r ly on account of t h e cultura l in te rchange w hich i t p rom otes, th e to u ris t traffic should alw ays be regarded as s o m e t h i n g su i generis, as a sep a ra te item in th e balance of pay m en ts the ind iv idua l ch a rac te r of w h i c h should be m ain ta in ed an d in regard to w hich the only reasonable regime is the complete liberty th a t i t fo rm erly enjoyed. The Sub-C om m ittee is of opinion th a t , in to u ris t matters especially, reprisals ag g rav a te th e previous s itu a tio n and should as fa r as possible be avoided.

Nevertheless, th e experts fu lly realise th a t th e in te rn a tio n a l to u ris t traffic is closely bound up w ith o th er form s of in te rn a tio n a l exchange, so th a t the policy followed in regard to any one of the m ore im p o r ta n t categories (commercial, m o n e ta ry or financial exchanges or the exchange of services) in ev itab ly reacts upon th e to u r is t traffic. I t m ay th u s be regarded as established t h a t th e in te rn a tio n a l to u ris t traffic will find it difficult to recover i ts form er prosperity so long as m o n e ta ry in stab ility , the non-nego tiab ility of ce rta in im p o rtan t currencies (foreign exchange control) an d an u n d u ly res tr ic tive com m ercial policy p rev en t the res to ra tion of economic equilib rium betw een the various countries.

It is also clear t h a t an y ac tion which, th ro u g h long-term a rrangem en ts in respect of financial obligations tow ards foreign coun tries an d the general ad op tion of a m ore liberal policy, encouraging export, w ould help ce rta in im p o r ta n t countries to abolish cu rrency control w ould be a lto g e th e r to th e ad v a n tag e of th e in te rn a tio n a l to u ris t traffic.

1 The S ec re ta r ia t of th e In te rn a t io n a l T ouring A ssociation has received a n u m b er of suggestions on th is su b jec t which may be sum m arised as follows :

(1) The in tro d u c tio n of to u r is ts ’ sav ings books, b y m eans of w h ich holders w ould be able to ob ta in , in a n y foreign countries in w hich th e y m ig h t be s tay in g , t h e eq u iv a len t, in th e currencies of such countries, of th e sum s saved in th e countries in w hich th e y usua lly reside ;

(2) O rgan isa tion of to u r is t traffic clearing sys tem s th ro u g h to u rin g c lubs ;(3) In tro d u c tio n of a to u r is t ’s ca rd , to be issued only to persons establish ing t h a t th e y are bona-fide to u ris ts

—th a t is, a so r t of to u r is t certificate w h ich w ould e n tit le holders to ex p o rt th e exchange necessary for th e ir v isits to foreign countries.

— i4 —

F u rth erm o re , a com m ercial policy calcu la ted to revive th e exchange of goods would have th e ad v an tag e for the tou ris t traffic of coun te rac ting the price differences betw een countries w ith stab le currencies and countries w ith deprecia ted currencies and also of fulfilling one of th e conditions upon which the d isappearance of restric tions upon exchange dealings depends

I t is essential th a t , w hen determ ining th e ir m onetary , financial and com m ercial policy th e G overnm ents should not lose sight of th e fact th a t in each of these th ree spheres, though restr ic tions m ay perhaps p ro tec t one category or an o th e r of n a tional producers, th is advantage is offset by th e losses which such restric tions will of necessity cause to the n a tional industries d irec tly or ind irec tly connected w ith the norm al working of the in te rn a tio n a l touris t traffic.

T he result is th a t , if, in th e exceptional tim es th rough which we are now passing, a tourist co u n try decides to accept la rger q u an tities of goods from foreign countries so as to induce such coun tries to supp ly the ir nationals w ith the exchange necessary to enable th em to visit its te r r i to ry , such action, tho u g h perhaps exposing hom e producers to increased competition finds i ts justif ica tion in the advan tag es reaped by the to u ris t industries.

B u t, a lthough th e re is a n a tu ra l connection betw een the tou ris t traffic a n d the o ther items in the balance of accounts, G overnm ents should not fall in to the h ab it of establishing in each ind iv idua l case a d irect connection betw een the n u m b er of tou ris ts and the im p o rts which they accept, and of a t te m p tin g to balance a given n u m b er of to u ris ts against a given num ber of com m odities. Were such a conception to gain currency and to persist even when monetary conditions have returned to normal, its consequences would undoubtedly prove disastrous.

I t was, indeed, th e com plete lib e r ty of m ovem ent allowed on th e one h an d to capital an d on the o th er h a n d to persons trave lling for p leasure w hich was largely in s tru m en ta l before th e w a r and before the depression in coun te rac ting th e difficulties—in any case, v e ry tolerable as com pared w ith those of th e present d ay —w hich ensued from S ta te in terference in trade by w ay of Customs duties.

W h a tev e r th e a rrangem ents , therefore, which it m ay now be necessary to m ake under the pressure of c ircum stances, i t is of th e u tm o s t im portance th a t the ultimate aim should continue to be the restoration of complete freedom to the international tourist traffic.

(d) Transfer of S u m s due.

In connection w ith th e question of th e regula tion of foreign exchange dealings, the Sub-C om m ittee exam ined th e following tw o special aspects of the problem of cap ita l transfers :

Transfer of S u m s claimed by Customs Administrations in respect of Triptychs not in order.— The Sub-C om m ittee is of opinion th a t n o th ing should be done in th is connection to weaken the t r ip ty c h system . To th a t end, i t regards it as indispensable th a t th e G overnm ents of countries controlling th e ex p o r t of foreign exchange should authorise the tran sfe r of the sums claim ed by a foreign Custom s adm in is tra tion in respect of cars w ith tr ip ty ch s n o t in order. Such sum s are of negligible im portance to the balance of accounts of the co u n try concerned and its stocks of foreign exchange, w hereas i t is im p o r ta n t th a t , as one of th e m ost welcome aspects of in te rn a tio n a l co-operation in tou ris t m a tte rs , the tr ip ty ch system should be m ain ta in ed in operation.

Transfer of S u m s due from Clubs in respect of International Perm its .— On the same footing as such deb ts should be t re a te d those co n trac ted b y a club for the acquisition of triptychs and in te rn a tio n a l Customs clearance cards, which papers are indispensable for foreign motor trav e l and are issued, moreover, for the d irec t and exclusive benefit of tou ris ts of th e country to which th e d eb to r club belongs.

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2 . T e c h n i c a l Q u e s t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o t h e T o u r i s t T r a f f i c .

(a) Passports.

The Sub-C om m ittee d evo ted i ts a t te n t io n to the p resen t position in respect of passports or documents in lieu of passports . I t refers to th e recom m endations ad o p ted by th e P asspo rt Conference held a t G eneva in 1926, to w hich i t is desirable th a t th e various countries should, as far as possible, co n fo rm . W hile no ting , m oreover, th a t these recom m endations h ave led to a considerable sim plification of form alities in th is connection, th e Sub-C om m ittee draw s attention to the possible effect up o n th e in te rn a tio n a l to u ris t traffic of th e practice, in ce rta in countries, of m aking a high charge for th e issue of passp o rts to na tionals w ishing to trav e l abroad.1

While of opinion th a t the effects of such practices, w hich h ith e rto have n o t been w idespread, should not be exaggera ted , i t considers t h a t a t te n t io n m ay well be d raw n to th e ir existence and to the fac t t h a t th ey have a lready provoked , an d are likely to go on provoking, m easures of retaliation.

Generally speaking, the Sub-C om m ittee holds th a t , from the poin t of view of the in te r ­national to u ris t traffic, i t w ould be h ighly desirable th a t the pre-1914 position should be restored. This position was charac terised b y a general absence of restric tions, and tou ris ts were not obliged to p rovide them selves w ith passports .

In this connection, th e S ub-C om m ittee v en tu res to im press upon the Econom ic C om m ittee the desirability of draw ing th e a t te n t io n of th e C om m unications an d T ran s it O rganisation to the progress a lready m ade in various countries, e i th e r b y in d ependen t ac tion or b ila te ra l agreements.

In th is w ay, ce r ta in countries (such as Belgium , F rance and Switzerland) h av e reciprocally exempted th e ir na tio n a ls from the necessity of p roduc ing passports or h ave agreed to s u b s t i tu ­tion for passpo rts of some o th e r p ap e r in d ica tiv e of n a t io n a li ty — e.g., to u r is t cards, id en ti ty cards, collective l is ts in lieu of passports , etc.

An even la rger n u m b er of countries h av e abolished visas.

(b) Measures to reduce the N um ber of Traffic Documents.

The m u ltip lic ity of in te rn a tio n a l traffic d ocum en ts a t p resent requ ired co n s ti tu tes a hindrance to in te rn a tio n a l m o to r trav e l.2

Some of these docum en ts w hich com prise ex ac tly th e same p articu la rs serve iden tica l purposes ; o thers , such as th e fiscal perm it, have lost th e ir raison d ’être in the v as t m a jo rity of countries ; o thers , lastly , such as those in tro d u ced by the M otor Traffic C onvention of April 24th, 1926, can, fo r all p rac tica l purposes, be replaced b y the corresponding n a tional papers, as indeed h as a lready been done in a n u m b er of countries.

The Sub-C om m ittee is of th e opinion th a t , in the in te re s ts of m o to r trave l, i t is im p o rtan t to reduce th e n u m b er of docum ents required th ro u g h the abolition of the fiscal perm it, the international m o to r certificate and th e in te rn a tio n a l driv ing licences, p rov ided always th a t the tourist is in possession of a n a tional licence. I t no tes th a t d is tinc t progress has a lready been m ade th ro u g h th e co-operation of the League T ran s it O rganisation w ith th e In te rn a t io n a l Association of Recognised A utom obile Clubs an d the In te rn a tio n a l Touring Association, and urges these o rganisa tions to con tinue th e ir efforts in th is direction.

The Sub-C om m ittee also hopes th a t the T ran s it O rganisation will ex ten d i ts p resen t fruitful ac tion in th e m a t te r of road traffic to such o th e r m eans of com m unica tion as sea a n d a ir transport.

The S ub-C om m ittee also tu rn e d i ts a t te n t io n to the possible consequence— both as to the num ber of traffic papers an d to th e inc iden ta l charges payable b y to u ris ts— of the extension

1 A nnex I I I to th e p re sen t d o cu m en t co n ta ins c e r ta in p a r tic u la rs on th is m atte r .2 These rem ark s a p p ly mutatis m utandis to t rav e l b y a ir, w a ter , etc.

- t6 —

to foreign m o to ris ts s tay ing in or passing th rough the co u n try of compulsory third-party insurance in countries w here com pulsory insurance has been in troduced , and in a form which in m an y cases en ta ils com plicated form alities a t th e frontiers. I t considers th a t , on th is point also, an investigation should a t once be m ade in to the facts of the s itua tion w ith a view to the in tro d u c tio n of every possible sim plification com patib le w ith the applica tion of th e national laws.

(c) Recommendations of the Sub-Committee.

The Sub-C om m ittee recom m ends th a t , as regards b o th passp o rts and the traffic documents requ ired of foreign touris ts , th e various G overnm ents, w hen fram ing regulations, should bear in m ind, sub jec t to leg itim ate considerations of n a t i nal security , th e th ree following principles :

(1) T he docum en ts requ ired b y to u ris ts proceeding ab road should be as few in numberas possible ;

(2) T heir cost should be as low as possible ;

(3) T he form alities to be com plied w ith in ob ta in ing such docum ents and also duringth e tim e spen t in foreign countries should be reduced to a m inim um .

The Sub-C om m ittee fu r th e r expresses the hope th a t th e T ran s it O rganisation will study m eans of enabling foreign m otoris ts to trav e l w ith a m in im um of form alities in countries w hich have m ade th ird -p a r ty insurance com pulsory in th e ir te rr ito ry .

(d) Customs Formalities.

T he Sub-C om m ittee le a m t th a t , a t the instance of the F ren ch G overnm ent, the Secretariat of the In te rn a t io n a l A ssociation of Recognised A utom obile Clubs w as p reparing a draft in te rn a tio n a l conven tion for the codification, sim plification an d s tan d ard isa tio n of those p a r ts of the C ustom s legislation of th e various coun tries which deal w ith the passage of tourists from one co u n try to an o th e r b y w ha tev er m eans of t ra n sp o r t , th e Custom s regime applicable to m eans of tran sp o r t, spare p arts , cam ping equ ipm ent, luggage, provisions, cam eras, ciné- cam eras, an d wireless an d o th er ap p a ra tu s , an d also to saddle and d rau g h t an im als accompanying tou ris ts , an d in th e la s t place the Custom s regime applicab le to pub lic ity m ateria l.

As is essential in th e case of a m a t te r which, a t least in p a r t, form s the su b jec t of inter­n a t io n a l agreem ents or of investigations w ith a view to th e conclusion of such agreements, th e Sub-C om m ittee expresses th e hope th a t the League of N ations will be k ep t inform ed of the progress m ade in th is direction , so th a t i t m ay be in s tru m en ta l in avoiding duplication and securing th e necessary ad ju s tm en ts .

(e) E xem ption of Travel P ub lic ity Matter from Customs Duties.

The Sub-C om m ittee th in k s it desirable t h a t th e exem ption prov ided for in Article 4 of the d ra f t Convention to facilitate Commercial Propaganda, p repared b y th e Economic C om m ittee, should be ad o p te d as soon as possible. A t the sam e tim e, i t considers t h a t the text of th e d ra f t w ould be m ore in keeping w ith the requ irem ents of tou ris ts and to u ris t interests if i t took accoun t of th e recom m endation reproduced in A nnex I to the p resen t document ad o p ted b y th e C entra l Council of In te rn a t io n a l Touring a t its session a t Cracow, May 14th to 18th, 1935. One m em ber of the Sub-C om m ittee also po in ted o u t th a t , in its p resen t form, A rticle 4 l im ited exem ption from d u ty to the p r in ted m a t te r of official to u ris t organisations, w hich was less generous th a n the system a t p re sen t applied in ce rta in countries (e.g., the

— 17 —

United K ingdom ). H e th o u g h t i t desirab le t h a t th e te rm s used in th a t article should be amplified so as to em brace au tom obile clubs, t ra n s p o r t und ertak in g s of all kinds, and trave l agencies, whose to u ris t ac tiv ities deserved encouragem ent.

(f) Tourist Statistics.

The Sub-C om m ittee th in k s i t desirable th a t an effort should be m ade a t the first opportunity to im prove th e p resen t position in regard to n a tio n a l to u ris t statistics, which are generally incom plete a n d ra re ly com parable.

In this connection, th e Sub-C om m ittee is anxious to tes tify its ap p ro v a l of the a t tem p t at unification being m ade u n d e r th e auspices of the In te rn a t io n a l U nion of Official Organs for the Prom otion of T o u ris t Traffic, in w hich fifteen countries h ave pledged them selves to take part.

As a basis for e s tim atin g th e p lace of th e to u ris t traffic in the balance of accounts, s ta tistics are of p a ram o u n t im p o rtan ce ; hence th e S ub-C om m ittee’s keen in te re s t in the investigations to be carried out b y th e C om m ittee of S ta tis t ica l E xperts . I t expresses the hope th a t , in the course of th e proceedings, the ex p e rts will consider to u ris t sta tis tics , not merely as an indispensable elem ent in the balancing of th e accounts, b u t as the only m eans of ascertaining the results of trav e l p ub lic ity cam paigns.

F rom th is tw ofold po in t of view, th e Sub-C om m ittee considers th a t the particu lars which it is m ost im p o r ta n t to ascerta in are th e following, w hich should be classified according to the n a tio n a li ty or h ab itu a l place of residence of to u ris ts :

In th e first place, th e n u m b er of arriva ls ;In th e second place, th e n u m b er of n ig h ts sp en t in the country,- the la tte r inform ation

being, how ever, th e m ore im p o rtan t.

In the course of its brief exchange of views on th is im p o rtan t problem , the Sub-Committee realised t h a t th e resu lts ob ta ined , in ce rta in countries, th rough particu la rs tak en a t the frontier and, in o thers, by m eans of reg is tra tio n a t hotels, would in b o th cases appear to achieve the desired end. I t is of opinion th a t it m ay not, perhaps, be necessary to adop t a uniform method of com piling s ta tis tic s an d th a t it w ould be b e t te r to avoid as fa r as possible the use of m ethods which w ould oblige to u ris ts to com plete still fu r th e r formalities.

As regards th e m eaning to be a t ta c h e d to th e w ord “ to u ris t ” , the Sub-Com m ittee does not contemplate laying dow n any h ard -an d -fas t definition. I t would prefer a wide definition, and considers th a t all t h a t is needed is th a t m ig ran ts an d persons arriv ing in a coun try w ith employment co n trac ts should be o m itte d from the statistics.

In the last place, as regards th e m eth o d s of e s tim atin g th e sum s spent by tourists, the Sub-Committee realises the serious difficulties a t ta c h in g to any a t te m p t in th is direction and awaits w ith g rea t in te res t th e opinion of th e s ta tis tic a l experts on th is subject.

(g) Facilities to be granted in respect of R a ilw ay Travel.

The S ub-C om m ittee proceeded to an exchange of views regard ing a num ber of questions relating to the conditions of ra ilw ay trav e l an d , m ore particu larly , to the difficulties of the specialised organ isa tions in draw ing up com bined itineraries on account of the diversity of railway tariffs an d the vary in g ex te n t to w hich reductions can be o b ta in ed on the ord inary rates, etc. I t th in k s t h a t a useful m eans of s t im u la tin g trav e l w ould be to in troduce an in terna tiona l mileage ticket w ith w hich tourists , on p ay m e n t of a specified sum, could trave l a s ta ted num ber of miles on the ra ilw ays of a n u m b er of coun trie s (and also, perhaps, use w ater and air routes).

— i8 —

These tick e ts w ould en tit le th e ir ho lders to b reak th e ir jo u rn ey w henever th ey chose a t any s ta t io n in the coun tries partie s to th e necessary agreem ent. T he Sub-C om m ittee is of opinion t h a t th e in tro d u c tio n of such a system m ig h t in the first p lace be confined to a lim ited geogra­p h ica l area, and t h a t in th is connection th e resu lts o b ta in ed th ro u g h th e adop tion of such t ic k e ts in Spain m ig h t be tak e n in to account.

T he Sub-C om m ittee expresses th e hope th a t th is suggestion will be d u ly exam ined by th e T ra n s it O rganisation .

ANNEXES

General Note.

The d a ta collected in th ese annexes are fa r fro m being com plete. F u rth e rm o re , a lth o u g h th e y h ave been tak en from official sources, i t is possible t h a t t h e y m a y no longer give a n ex ac t p ic tu re of th e actua l situation a t th e tim e of publication, m a n y changes be ing f re q u en tly m ade in th e charges an d fo rm alities connected w ith to u ris t traffic. T heir general purpose is to give an id ea of t h e considerable red u c tio n in in te rn a tio n a l to u r is t traffic during recent years, of the variety of th e fo rm alities a n d charges w h ich are im posed on to u ris ts , of th e influence on to u r is t traffic of th e restrictions on the ex p o rt of cu rrency , of th e ag reem en ts w h ich h av e been concluded for th e purpose of lessening th a t influence, and lastly of th e m an y an d troub lesom e form alities im posed on to u ris ts b y such agreem ents.

— 21 — ANNEX I.

I . ST A T IST IC S C O N C E R N IN G T H E IN T E R N A T IO N A L T O U R IS T T R A FF IC .

. j g RAp K S s h o w i n g t h e D e v e l o p m e n t o f T o u r i s t T r a f f i c ( I n w a r d a n d O u t w a r d P a y m e n t s ) i n C e r t a i n

C o u n t r i e s .

R eceip ts from to u r is t traffic.

E x p en d itu re b y to u ris ts of th e

c o u n try in foreign countries.

Balance of to u r is t traffic.

lOOlOO

oooo

CANADA

IOC

toolOO

lOOFRANCE-

40 401927 26 29 30 31 32 33 1934

„ ROYAUME-UNI

1930 31 32 33 1934• Avec /es coo/roen/s au/res

<pe / 'Europe

H////1 Con//nen/s o//>er than

TCHECOSLOVAQUIECZECHOSLOVAKIA

ROYAUME-UNIUNITED KINGDOM

(avec 4t confinent europeen ) (wj/h European Continent) ~

ETATS-UNIS

ITALIEITALY

1927 26 29 30 31 32 33 1934

1927 28 29 30 31 32 33 1934

(b) G r a p h s i n r e s p e c t o f F r a n c e , g i v i n g a C o m p a r a t i v e T a b l e o f t h e R e c e i p t s f r o m T o u r i s t T r a f f i c

a n d t h e V a l u e o f I m p o r t s f r o m 1927 t o 1934, A N D g i v i n g t h e E x p e n d i t u r e b y T o u r i s t s a n d V a l u e

o f E x p o r t s d u r i n g t h e S a m e Y e a r s i n t h e C a s e o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a .

ETATS-UNIS US.A.

W7Z773 R ece ip ts from to u r is t tra ff ic . V a lue of im ports .

E x p e n d itu re b y tou ris ts . V alue of exports .

Ar. B .— I n p reparing th e above graphs, 100 (base in d ex num ber) h a s been ta k e n as th e h ighest annual

sum in each of th e countries concerned fo r purposes b o th of receip ts a n d expend itu re . The figures inside

the g rap h s are millions of gold dollars.

— 22 —

c) R e c e t t e s e t p a i e m e n t s a f f é r e n t s a u t o u r i s m e d a n s c e r u ,

(c) I n w a r d a n d O u t w a r d P a y m e n t s o n T o u r i s t A c c o u n t i n CzsIia

PA Y SR ece ttes p ro v e n an t de to u ris te s é trangers

R ece ip ts fro m foreign to u ris ts

Dépenses à l 'é t ra n g e r des touristes nationaux

N atio n a l to u r is ts ’ expend itu re abroad

1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 I933 ■934

A l l e m a g n e ................... 38-i 42 .9 42,9 44.1 31,0 19.1 16,7 64.3 71.5 7 i ,5 50,0 33,1 3°.3 23.3A rg e n t in e ....................... 5,7 11,5 10.5 7.2 26,7 28,7 21,9 14,4 13,2A u t r i c h e ....................... 38,0 44,2 36,6 7.7 9,2 9,2A u s t r a l i e ....................... 6,0 6,3 4.2 2.9 2,5 2,4 17,6 19,3, 9,1 5,5 8,1 9,oB e l g i q u e ....................... 34.8 5.6'C an ad a ............................ 238,5 275,2 307.1 278,8 241,6 187,1 80,5 83,1 108,7 107,5 120,7 113,1 73.7 50,6 36,6 32,5E t a t s - U n i s ................... 153.0 163,0 183,0 160.0 112,0 71,0 57-2 56,1 770,0 759.0 868,0 811,0 568,0 446,0 2 35,3 187,4F ran ce ............................ 294,0 35i ,9 392,0 I I 7.5 117.5 58.7 58,7 58,7 19,6 19,6G r è c e ............................ 6,8 4.9 4.5 3.0 10,0 5.8 4.7 5,0 4.4 1,1 1,1 i-iIta l ie ............................ I 4 I .7 i 36 .9 137.4 104.5 72,8 59.2 68 ,6 15.5 17.7 13,7 14,3 10,1 8 ,9

N o r v è g e ....................... 6,0 6,7 7,2 8,8 7.5 5.4 5,0 5.1P a y s - B a s ....................... 5.2 3.6 2,8 2,0 1,6 18,1 13,3 12,1 12,1 10,5P o l o g n e ....................... 8,0 11,0 18,7 17,7 6,2 5,2 3-5 13,7 19,0 18,5 27,5 16,5 10,0 7,8

R oyaum e-U ni . . . .dont touristes allant et ve­

nant de : a) Continent européen. 38,7 32,o 20,5 19,4 19 ,8 140,2 123,8 69,4 77,5 70,3b) Autres parties du monde.Suède ............................ 9.3 6.5 6,6 5,9 8,8 7 ,° 6,9 7-3

S u i s s e ............................ 69,4 76,2 15,4 15,4Tchécoslovaquie . . . 21,0 22,8 24,0 23.5 17.2 12,4 8.5 12,1 18,9 20,7 21,0 20,7 22,5 1 2 , 4 4,9 5-7

U nion Sud-Africaine . 4-6 5.2 5,5 5.1 4.3 3.6 3.1 19,4 20,9 21,7 20,7 11.7 17,7 13.8

N. B . — Ces chiffres son t ex tra its des deux brochures du Secrétaria t de la Société ds

volume no tam m en t, on tro u v era des données relatives au tourism e dans quarante-cinq pays, aina

These figures are tak e n from th e tw o pam phle ts issued b y th e Secretaria t of th e League of Nations:

volume, da ted will be found concerning to u ris t traffic in forty- five countries, along w ith a commentai;

— 23 —

ptYS (EN MILLIONS d e d o l l a r s - o r )

C o u n t r ie s i n $ (000,000’s) g o l d .

d) D é p e n s e s e f f e c t u é e s d a n s

C E S M Ê M E S P A Y S P A R L E S T O U R IS T E S

V E N A N T D E S E T A T S - U N I S ( E N M IL L IO N S

D E D O L L A R S -O R ) .

(d) E x p e n d i t u r e i n t h e S a m e

C o u n t r i e s b y U n i t e d S t a t e s T o u ­

r i s t s i n $ (000,000's) G O L D .

CO U N TR YBalance des rece tte s ( + ) ou des p a ie m en ts (

Balance of rece ip ts ( + ) o r p a y m e n ts (— )

- )

i927 1928 1929 1930 I 9 3 I 1932 1933 1934 1927 1929 1931 1932 1933 1934

_ 26,2 — 2 8 , 6 — 28,6 5,9 _ _ 2,1 — 11,2 6,6 2 0 ,0 1 15.0 8,3 5,2 2,5 2,5 Germany.

— 21,0 — 19.4 —• 17,2 — i i ,4 — 7,2 A rg en tin e .

4- 30 3 + 35,0 + 27,4 2.7 2,9 2,3 2,0 1,7 1,0 Austria.

_J — 8,9 — 13,0 — 4,9 — 2,6 — 5,6 — 6,6 Australia.

+ 29,2 10,0 1.7 1,2 o,5 0,3 Belgium.

+ 129,8 + 1 6 7 ,7 + 186,4 + 165,7 + 1 6 7 ,9 + 136,5 + 43,9 + 50,6 197,0 289,0 239.0 183,0 81,4 71,6 Canada.

- 6 1 7 , 0 — 5 9 6 ,0 — 685,0 — 651,0 — 456,0 — 375,0 — 78,1 — 131,3 U nited States.

+ 235.3 + 293,2 + 333.3 + 333,2 + 235,2 + 98,0 + 98,0 + 98,0 190,0 137,0 110,0 70,0 48,4 29,8 France.

+ 2,1 — 0,1 + 0,1 + 1 , 9 + 8,9 + 4,5 0,9 1,6 1,2 1,0 0,6 0 ,5 Greece.

—126,2 + 119,2 + 1 1 0 , 7 + 90,2 + 62,7 + 5 0 . 3 3 1 , 2 3 0 , 4 1 6 , 5 1 3 ,5 8,1 5,1 Italy .

0,8 1 ,5 1,1 0,8 0,8 0,8 Norway.

— 12,9 — 9 . 7 — 9 . 3 — 10,1 — 12,1 0,8 0,9 0,2 o ,3 0,2 0,1 Netherlands.

- 5.7 — 8,0 + 0,2 — 9,8 — 10,3 - 4.8 — 4,3 6,0 i ,3 o ,5 o ,5 o ,4 Poland.

0,0 — 13.6 + 7.0 — 9 , 9 — 4,5 40,8 40,6 27,0 22,0 14,5 United Kingdom.of w ic h v i s i to rs t o a n d

_ 101,5 — 91,8 — 48,9 — 58.1 — 50,1 a) E u r o p e a n c o n tin e n t .

+ 101,5 4- 78,2 + 55,9 + 48,2 + b) O th e r p a r t s o f t h e

- 6,6 — 7.5 —- 8,0 — 6,7 + 0.5 — 0,5 — 0,3 — 1,4 4,0 5,7 2,0 0,9 1,1 1,2 Sweden. world.

+ 54.0 + 61,8 + 54.0 + 47,3 15,0 10,4 7,6 3-8 1,8 2,3 Switzerland.

4- 2,1 + 2,1 + 3 .0 + 2 , 8 — 5 . 3 0,0 + 3.6 + 6,4 0 , 9 i ,3 0,6 1,2 0,6 o ,5 Czechoslovakia.

— 14,8 — 15,7 — - 16,2 — 15,6 — 14.4 — 1 4 .1 — 10,7 Union of South

1 ‘Africa.

Nations : «Balance des paiem ents, 1931-32 * e t « B alance des paiem ents, 1934-35 ». D ans ce dernier

qu'un commentaire su r les dépenses des touristes.

" Balances of P aym en ts , 1931-32” a n d “ B alances of P ay m en ts , 1934-35 P a r ticu la r ly in th e later

on expenditure b y touris ts .

24 —

A N N E X II.

D E S ID E R A T A A N D R E C O M M E N D A T IO N S R E G A R D IN G CUSTOM S E X E M P T IO N F O R TR A V E L

P U B L IC IT Y M A T E R IA L .

( a ) R e c o m m e n d a t i o n o f t h e S u b - C o m m i t t e e o n T o u r i s t T r a f f i c o f t h e C o n f e r e n c e o f t h e C o u n t r i e s

W H I C H H A V E r e m a i n e d ON T H E G O L D S T A N D A R D ( A D O P T E D A T B R U S S E L S , N O V E M B E R 2 8 T H , 1 9 3 4 ) .

T h e delegates of th e G overnm ents 1 of th e countries w hich h av e rem ained on th e gold s ta n d a rd to th e Sub-

C om m ittee on T o u ris t Traffic se t up under th e provisions of p a rag rap h I I I of th e P rotocol of Brussels of October 20th,

1934, recom m end, w i th a view to increasing to u ris t traffic be tw een th e ir countries :

(!) . . .

(2) (a ) T he adm ission, free of im p o rt d u ty w ith o u t an y lim it in re spect of q u a n ti ty , of p r in ted m a tte r and

posters for to u r is t p ropaganda (guides, pam ph le ts , folders, w h e th e r illu s tra ted or no t, illu stra ted posters), provided

t h a t such m ateria l (i) is in tended to be d is tr ib u ted free of charge an d is obviously designed to advertise travel

in th e c o u n try fro m w hich i t comes ; (ii) is sen t by, o r under th e auspices of, n a tio n a l to u r is t offices or equivalent

official o rgan isations ;

(b) Investiga tion in to th e possibility of app ly ing th e sam e system or an equ iva len t sy s tem (tem porary

admission) for th e following : films, negatives, slides, d ioram as, pho tographs , p rovided th e y are sen t by, or under

th e auspices of, th e na tional to u r is t offices or equ iva len t official organisations.

( b ) R e c o m m e n d a t i o n o f t h e C e n t r a l C o u n c i l o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l T o u r i n g a t i t s S e s s i o n

f r o m M a y 1 4 T H t o i 8 t h , 1 9 3 5 , a t C r a c o w .

W hereas i t is desirable t h a t a n in te rn a tio n a l C onvention, to w hich all countries are parties, should be adopted for

th e purpose of p roviding for a u n ifo rm Custom s ex em p tio n for to u r is t traffic p ro p ag an d a m ate ria l ;

I n view of A rticle 4 of th e d ra f t Convention draw n up b y th e Econom ic Com m ittee of th e League of Nations for

th e purpose of p rom oting p ro p ag an d a for to u ris t traffic ;

T h e C entra l Council of In te rn a tio n a l T ou rin g expresses th e desire :

(a) T h a t delegates should recom m end th e ir respective G overnm ents to accept in p rincip le A rticle 4 of the

above-m entioned d ra f t C onvention ;

(b ) T h a t th e te rm “ to u r is t traffic p ro p ag an d a m ate ria l ” shall be understood as including photographs,

slides, c inem atographic films, e tc ., prov ided t h a t t h e y are sen t o u t b y official to u ris t traffic organisations recognised

b y th e various S ta tes ;

(c) T h a t Custom s exem ption should be g ran ted in respect of specimens of to u r is t traffic docum ents and to

p ropaganda publications of a general in te re s t even if t h e y include advertisem ents, p rovided t h a t th e advertisements

do no t ta k e u p m ore th a n 25 % of th e whole pub lication an d t h a t th e advertise rs con tribu te to th e expenses of th e pub lica tion itself.

1 B elgian , F ren ch , I ta l ian , L uxem burg , N e th erlan d s , Polish, Swiss.

— 25 —

( o ) R e s o l u t i o n o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i o n o f O f f i c i a l O r g a n s f o r t h e P r o m o t i o n o f t h e T o u r i s t T r a f f i c

a t i t s C o n g r e s s a t T h e H a g u e o n M a y 2 8 t h , 1 9 3 5 .

The In te rn a tio n a l U nion of Official O rgans for th e P ro m o tio n of th e T ouris t Traffic decides unanim ously to adop t

the following resolu tion regard ing exem ption from Custom s du ties in th e case of docum ents for to u r is t propaganda

coming from nationa l to u r is t traffic offices :

1. The Union urges t h a t a general in te rn a tio n a l agreem ent should be arrived a t as soon as possible whereby

c o m p le t e exem ption from C ustom s d u tie s w ould b e gran ted , a t leas t in all E uropean countries, in t h e case of all touris t

traffic propaganda docum en ts com ing fro m n a tio n a l to u r is t offices ( th e question w h e th er th is exem ption should be

p e r m a n e n t or tem p o ra ry w ill depend on th e ch arac te r of th e docum ents in question ).

2. C ertain in te rn a tio n a l ag reem ents a lread y g ra n t th is exem ption , b u t experience h as show n th a t there are

nevertheless certa in difficulties in respect of th e in te rp re ta t io n or app lication of such agreements.

The Union earnestly desires t h a t th e va rious G overnm ents concerned should com m unicate imm ediately, if possible,

to the General S ec retaria t of th e U nion de ta iled in fo rm a tio n concerning th e app lication of th e preferential t rea tm en t

already adopted.

3. In sp ite of th e general c h a ra c te r of th is resolution, th e U nion expresses th e hope th a t b ila tera l agreements

on this m atte r will con tinue to increase in num ber.

The presen t resolu tion shall im m ed ia te ly be b ro u g h t to th e notice of t h e various G overnm ents concerned and

the In terna tiona l Custom s Conference.

I t is decided unan im ously , less one v o te (G erm any n o t being a m em ber of th e League of Nations), to forward th e

same resolution to th e Sec retaria t of th e L eague of N ations . T h is resolution will also be com m unicated to th e Central

Council, to th e In te rn a tio n a l T ouring A ssocia tion an d to th e In te rn a t io n a l Association of Recognised Automobile

Clubs for in form ation .I t is understood t h a t t h e te rm “ p ro p ag an d a docum en ts ” as used in th e resolution shall m ean publications of

the “ Syndicats d ’in it ia t iv e ” or of th e local to u r is t traffic offices d is tr ib u ted by th e na tiona l offices, b u t not th e m a tte r

brought o u t b y t rav e l agencies, t ra n sp o r t com panies, etc .

20 —

ANNEX III.

F O R M A L IT IE S AND C H A R G E S IM P O S E D ON T O U R IS T S .

(E xclu din g formalities resulting from the regulations concerning dealings in foreign exchange.)

(a ) S u r v e y o f t h e F o r m a l i t i e s a n d C h a r g e s t o w h i c h F o r e i g n T o u r i s t s a r e s u b j e c t i n C e r t a i n E u r o p e a n

C o u n t r i e s .1

T he in fo rm atio n o b ta ined concerning th e form alities an d charges to w hich a to u r is t is sub ject in certa in countries will be found below. I t has been classified as follows :

Passport ;

Visa ;

Cost of visa ;

Local residence taxes (taxes de séjour) ;

Road traffic taxes for private foreign touring cars.

N .B .— In th e l is t of countries w h ich will be found below, m en tion is only m ade of th e categories corresponding to

measures applied in practice. T h e fa c t t h a t one or o th e r of th e m — for instance, th e local residence taxes (taxes de

séjour)— is n o t m entioned merely im plies t h a t th e c o u n try in question does n o t levy such a tax .

1. Austria.(a) Passport :

Com pulsory.

(b) Visa :

N ationals of th e following S ta tes are ex em p t from th e v isa : A lbania, Belgium , Brazil, U n ited K ingdom , Cuba,

Czechoslovakia, Danzig, D enm ark , E ston ia , F in land , F rance, G erm any, H un g ary , I ta ly , Ja p a n , L a tv ia , Liechtenstein,

Luxem burg, N etherlands, Norw ay, P a n a m a , P o rtu g a l, Sweden, Sw itzerland, Uruguay.

(c) Cost of visa :

Five gold francs fo r a single jou rney ; 10 gold francs for several journeys ; I gold franc for tran s it .

(d) Residence taxes :

C erta in resorts levy a residence tax .

(e) Road traffic taxes for private foreign touring cars :

No road traffic tax es are levied on p r iv a te foreign to u rin g cars, excep t on som e specially construc ted mountain

roads, where a toll is charged.

2. Belgium .(a) Passport :

A p assp o rt is com pulsory , excep t in t h e case of F rench , L uxem burg and D u tch na tiona ls (an id en tity -ca rd proving

na tio n a lity a n d bearin g a ph o to g rap h is sufficient). T h e sam e applies to Swiss citizens if th e y do n o t rem ain in the

c o u n try more t h a n th ree m onths.

1 T h is in fo rm a tio n h as been supp lied b y :

(1) In te rn a t io n a l U nion of Official O rgans for th e P ro m o tio n of th e T o u ris t Traffic, T he H ague ;(2) In te rn a t io n a l T o u ris t Alliance, Brussels ;(3) In te rn a t io n a l A ssociation of Recognised A utom obile Clubs, Paris .

— 27

(b) v i s a :

A visa is com pulsory ex cep t in th e case of n a tio n a ls of th e follow ing co u n trie s : U nion of S o u th A frica, A ustra lia ,

United K ingdom , C anada , C uba, C zechoslovakia, D enm ark , E cu ad o r, F in land , Iceland , I r ish F ree S ta te , I ta ly , Ja p an ,

Liechtenstein, Morocco (F rench zone), N ew foundland , N ew Zealand, N orw ay, P o rtu g a l, San M arino, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland, U ru g u a y .

(c) Residence taxes :

Levied by c e r ta in resorts.

(d) Road traffic taxes for private foreign touring cars :

Residence p e rm it on en tran ce : 10 B elgian francs. R esidence t a x : 10 Belgian francs per day. Touring cars coming

from th e following countries are, how ever, e x em p t for n in e ty days if prov ided w ith th e in te rna tional fiscal perm it :

United K ingdom [N o rth e rn Ire lan d , S o u th e rn R hodesia, N ew foundland, Ceylon, Cyprus, Gold Coast (Ashanti Colony,

Northern Togoland te rr ito rie s u n d e r B ritish m a n d a te ) , H ong-K ong, Jam aica , M alta , W indw ard Islands (Grenada,

St. Lucia, S t. V in cen t)] , B ulgaria , D enm ark , F in land , I r ish Free S ta te , I ta ly , N e therlands Indies, Surinam , Curaçao,

Poland, Portuga l, Spain , Sw eden, Y ugoslavia.

Swiss cars are ex em p t fo r th re e m on ths . L as tly , cars from th e following countries are entirely exem pt : France, Germany, G rand-D uchy of L uxem burg , N etherlands .

3. United Kingdom.(a) Passport :

Compulsory.

(b) Visa :

Compulsory, excep t in th e case of n a tiona ls of th e following countries : A ustria , Belgium , Czechoslovakia, Denm ark,

France, G erm any, I ta ly , L uxem burg , Monaco, N e therlands , N orw ay, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland.

(c) Cost of v isa :

The charge varies, according to th e different countries, from 8s. to £2.

4. Czechoslovakia.(a) Passport :

Compulsory.

(b) Ftsa :

R equired only from n a tiona ls of S ta te s w h ioh requ ire a n en try v isa from Czechoslovak citizens— i.e., th e South

American countries, A lbania , B ulgaria , Greece, H un g ary , Po land , R o um an ia and th e Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

(c) Road traffic taxes for private foreign tou rin g cars :

Levied as from th e day on w hich th e au tom obile en ters th e coun try . T h ey are calculated according to the

length of s ta y a n d th e w e ig h t of th e vehicle.

5. Denmark.(a) P a ssp o r t:

Compulsory, w i th t h e excep tion of n a tiona ls of F in land , N orw ay an d Sweden, w ho en te r th e country a t certain

points an d w ho a re n o t requ ired to hold id en tity -ca rds for th e first th ree m onths.

G erm ans m a y purchase an excursion card for 10 pfennige valid fo r a s ta y n o t exceeding three days.

- 2 8 —

(b) Visa :

Com pulsory, w ith th e exception of n a tiona ls of th e following countries : A ustria , Belgium , U n ited K ingdom and

B ritish D om inions (w ith th e exception of territories under m andate), Czechoslovakia, Danzig, E ston ia , F in land, France

(w ith th e excep tion of territo ries under m andate), G erm any, I ta ly , Jap an , L iechtenste in , Luxem burg, Netherlands

N orw ay, P o rtu g a l, Siam, Spain, Sweden, Sw itzerland, U n ited S ta te s of Am erica.

(c) Cost of visa :

4 kroner.6 . Finland.

(a) Passport :

C om pulsory.

(b) Visa :

Com pulsory, ex cep t for n a tiona ls of th e following coun trie s : A ustria , Belgium , Czechoslovakia, D anzig , Denmark,

E sto n ia , G erm any , Iceland, I ta ty , J a p a n , L a tv ia , L iech ten ste in , L uxem burg , N e therlands , N orw ay, Sw eden,

Sw itzerland.

(c) Residence taxes :

A p e rm it is necessary for residence for a period exceeding th ree m o n th s ; cost : 50 Fm ks.

(d) Road traffic taxes for private foreign touring cars :

A fte r th ree m o n th s in th e co u n try , foreign cars are liable to th e sam e taxes as cars belonging to na tiona ls of the

co u n try .

7. France.(a) Passport :

Com pulsory, w ith th e excep tion of Belgian, L uxem burg a n d Swiss nationals , for w hom an id en tity -ca rd is sufficient.

(b) V isa :

C om pulsory, excep t for th e na tiona ls of th e following c oun trie s : U nion of S ou th A frica, A ustra lia , A ustria , United

K ingdom , C anada , C uba, C zechoslovakia, D en m ark , D om in ican R epublic, E cuador, H o n d u ras , Ir ish Free State,

I ta ly , J a p a n , L iech ten ste in , Mexico, N e therlands , N ew found land , N icaragua, Norw ay, P ortuga l, Salvador, Siam, Spain,

Sw eden, Sw itzerland , U ruguay .

(c) Residence ta xes:

L ev ied in ce r ta in resorts.

8 . Germany.(a) Passport :

Com pulsory.

(b) V is a :

N ationals of th e following S ta tes are ex em p t fro m th e v isa : U nion of S o u th Africa, A ustra lia , A ustria , United

K ingdom , B ritish W est Ind ies , C anada , Ceylon, C uba, C uraçao , Czechoslovakia, Danzig, D enm ark , D u tch Guiana,

E cuador, E sto n ia , F in land , H a i t i , H on d u ras, H ong-K ong, H u n g a ry , Iceland , I r ish Free S ta te , I ta ly , Ja p a n , Kenya

a n d U ganda , L a tv ia , L iech tenste in , L uxem burg , M alaya, M alta , N etherlands , N e therlands Indies, Newfoundland,

N ew Zealand, N icaragua , N o rw ay ,P an am a , P o rtu g a l, N o rth e rn and S o u th e rn R hodesia, W estern Sam oa, Siam, Sweden,

Sw itzerland , T an g an y ik a , U ruguay , Y ugoslavia, Zanzibar.

(c) Cost of visa :

N atio n a ls of th e U n ited S ta te s of Am erica and Mexico can o b ta in a v isa for one y ear free of charge.

(d) Road traffic taxes for foreign private touring cars :

F ore ign p r iv a te to u rin g cars are e x em p t from ro ad traffic taxes for th re e m on ths . N evertheless, cars registered

in B elgium , D en m ark , L iech tenste in , Luxem burg , t h e N e th erlan d s and Sw itzerland are e x em p t fro m th e t a x for fourteen

d ay s ; to u r in g cars reg is te red in D anzig a re e x em p t for t h i r t y consecu tive days, and those com ing fro m A ustria for

th ree consecu tive days.

29 —

g. Greece.(a) Passport:

C om pulsory .

(b) Fis» •'

Compulsory.

(c) Cost of visa :

The v isa charge on p assp o rts levied b y th e G reek consu lar au th o rit ie s ab ro ad varies according to th e na tionality

of the traveller. F o r m o st E u ro p ea n S ta te s , t h e ch arg e is 10 gold francs fo r several journeys in Greece in th e course

of one year, 6 gold fran cs for a single jo u rn ey during th ree m on ths , I gold franc for a t ra n s i t visa.

The charges a re h ig h e r an d based on recip rocity in th e case of th e U n ited S ta tes of Am erica, th e South American

Republics, H u n g a ry , N e th er lan d s , P o rtu g a l, R o u m an ia , Spain and T urkey.

(d) Residence taxes :

In c e r ta in b a th in g a n d su m m er reso rts , co m m u n a l tax es a re levied on th e cost of th e room in th e hotels. T hey

never exceed 3% .

10. I ta ly .(a) Passport :

Compulsory.

(b) Visa :

Compulsory, e x cep t fo r na tiona ls of th e following coun trie s : A lban ia , Argentine, A ustria , Belgium, Brazil, U nited

Kingdom, Chile, C uba, C zechoslovakia, D anzig, D en m ark , E cu ad o r, E g y p t, E ston ia , F in land , France, G erm any,

Greece, H ungary , I r ish F ree S ta te , J a p a n , L a tv ia , L iech tenste in , L ith u a n ia , L uxem burg , Mexico, Monaco, N etherlands,

Norway, Po land , P o r tu g a l, R o u m an ia , S an S alvador, S p a in , Sw eden, Sw itzerland, T urkey, U nited S ta tes of America,

Uruguay.

(c) Residence taxes :

Levied in som e resorts.

(d) Road traffic taxes for private foreign touring cars :

The t a x is n o t levied fo r th e first th re e m o n th s ; a f te r t h a t period, m otorists are sub ject to th e sam e taxes and

charges as th e n a tiona ls of th e coun try .

11. Netherlands.(a) Passport :

Compulsory.

(b) Visa :

Com pulsory, ex ce p t fo r na tiona ls of th e following countries : A lgeria, A ustria , Belgium, B olivia, U nited Kingdom ,

Costa R ica, Cuba, C zechoslovakia, D enm ark , D om in ican R epublic , E cuador, E sto n ia , F in land , France, G erm any,

Haiti, H onduras, Iceland , Ir ish F ree S ta te , I ta ly , J a p a n , L iech tenste in , L uxem burg , Mexico, Monaco, N icaragua,

Norway, P an a m a , P eru , P o rtu g a l, Salvador, S iam , S pain , Sweden, Sw itzerland, Uruguay.

(c) Road traffic taxes for private foreign touring cars :

Foreign n a tiona ls m u s t p ay a t a x on m oto r vehicles a t th e fron tie r. N ationals of th e following countries m ay be

exempt from th e t a x on m o to r vehicles b y reason of recip rocity ex is ting be tw een th e ir countries and th e N etherlands :

Germany (exem ption for th ree m o n th s ) , A ustria , Belgium , I ta ly , J a p a n , L uxem burg , Norw ay, Portugal, Sweden,

Switzerland.

12. Norway.(a) Passport :

Com pulsory, ex ce p t fo r D anish an d Sw edish na tiona ls , in whose case an iden tity -ca rd is sufficient.

(b) Visa :

A v isa is on ly necessary for n a tiona ls of th e following countries : A rgentine, Bulgaria, E g y p t, Greece, H u n g ary ,

Latvia, L ith u a n ia , Po land , R o u m an ia , T u rk ey a n d Y ugoslavia.

3°

13- Poland.(a) P a ssp o r t :

C om pulsory.

(b) V isa :

C om pulsory , ex cep t fo r foreign na tio n a ls en te ring P o lan d for th e following purposes :

(1) To p a r tic ip a te in congresses ;

(2) To receive m edical t r e a tm e n t in w atering-places ;

(3) To tak e p a r t in sp o rting e v en ts or fix tures ;

(4) To v is it exh ib itio n s or fairs.

(c) Cost of v isa :

(1) F o r foreigners w h o fo rm p a r t of a collective excursion , 5 z lo ty a head.

(2) F o r t ra n s i t : 1 z lo ty for e n try an d 1.50 z loty, fo r e n try a n d re tu rn .

(d) Residence taxes :

L evied in ce r ta in resorts.

(e) R o a d traffic taxes for p r iv a te foreign tou rin g cars :

C hargeable as fro m th e da te of e n try in to Polish te rr i to ry . T h ey v a ry according to th e size of th e vehicle.

14. Portugal.(a) P assport:

Com pulsory.

(b) Visa :

C om pulsory, ex cep t fo r n a tio n a ls of th e following coun tries : A ustria , B elgium , U n ited K ingdom , C anada, Cuba,

Czechoslovakia, D enm ark , France, G erm any , Ice land , I r ish F ree S ta te , I ta ly , L iech tenste in , L uxem burg , Netherlands,

N ew foundland , New Z ealand, N orw ay, Spain, Sweden, Sw itzerland, U ruguay.

13. Roumania.(a) P a ssp o r t!

Com pulsory.

(b) V isa :

Com pulsory.

(c) Residence taxes :

R esidence p e rm it com pulsory ; price, 500 lei.

(d) Road traffic taxes for private foreign touring cars :

A fiscal p e rm it is com pulsory (price, 100 lei). F u rth e rm o re , a ta x of 25 lei pe r day is levied during all th e tim e in w hich th e c a r is used in th e country .

— 3 i —

i6. Spain.

(a) Passport:

C om pulso ry .

(b) Visa :

C om pulso ry , w ith th e excep tion of na tio n a ls of th e following coun trie s : Belgium , U nited K ingdom , Cuba, D enm ark

3nd Iceland, F rance, I ta ly , J a p a n , L u x em b u rg , N e th er lan d s , N orw ay , P o rtu g a l, Sw eden and Switzerland.

(c) Cost of v isa :

Varies ; i t is based s tr ic t ly o n reciprocity .

(d) Road traffic taxes for priva te foreign to u rin g cars »

An in te rn a tio n a l to u r is t licence m u st be o b ta in e d a t th e Span ish Custom s a t th e co st of 5 pesetas, w hich authorises

travel for fo r ty -e ig h t h o u rs in Span ish te r r i to ry . I f th e s ta y exceeds th is period b u t is no t more th a n six m onths,

a charge of 2 pese tas p e r d ay for th e s ta y in S p a in m u s t be p a id a t t h e C ustom s Office of departu re . Should th e stay

tie longer th a n six m o n th s , a n a tio n a l traffic p e rm it m u s t be o b ta in ed in advance fo r th e vehicle, which is subject,

for th e six m o n th s , to th e sam e charges as a vehicle reg iste red in Spain , while paying a fu r th e r 2 pesetas per day in

excess of th e s ix m o n th s to t h e C ustom s Office of departu re .

17. Sweden.(a) P a ssp o r t:

Com pulsory, ex cep t for na tio n a ls of th e U n ited S ta te s or C an ad a w h o were born in Sweden ; nationals of th e U nited

States or C an ad a w ho were bo rn in N orw ay or D e n m ark do n o t requ ire a p a ssp o rt for them selves, th e ir wives and

children under 15 years of age for tw o m o n th s f ro m th e d a te of t h e i r a rr iv a l in Sweden.

(b) V isa :

Com pulsory, ex cep t fo r na tio n a ls of t h e follow ing countries : A ustria , Belgium , U nited K ingdom , Czechoslovakia,

Denmark, F in lan d , F ran ce , G erm an y , Iceland , I r ish Free S ta te , I ta ly , J a p a n , L iech tenste in , Luxem burg , N etherlands,

Norway, P o rtu g a l, S pa in , Sw itzerland , U n ited S ta te s of Am erica.

(c) Cost of v isa :

Varies accord ing to th e coun try .

(d) R oad traffic taxes for p r iv a te foreign to u rin g cars :

Foreign m oto ris ts w ho are n a tiona ls of coun trie s w h ich do n o t g ra n t p a r tia l exem ption to Swedish nationals m ust

pay 1 k ro n a p e r d a y (m otor-cyclists, 25 ore) for tw elve m o n th s fro m th e da te on w h ich th e y first en te r th e coun try .

Vehicles registered in one of th e countries e n u m e ra te d below are e x em p t fro m th is ta x : G erm any and A ustria (90 days,

renewable for consecu tive periods), B elgium (3 m on ths), Brazil (1 year). U n ited K ingdom (3 m o n th s), Cuba (90 days),

Denmark (3 m on ths), D anzig (1 year), E g y p t (1 year), F in lan d (3 m o n th s), F ran ce (1 year), Greece (2 m onths), H ungary

(1 m onth), I r ish F ree S ta te (4 m onths), I t a ly (3 m onths), J a p a n (3 m on ths), L a tv ia (1 year), L iechtenste in (3 days),

Lithuania (1 year), L u x em b u rg (3 m onths), N a ta l (3 m on ths), N e th e rlan d s (1 year), N orw ay (1 year), P o rtuga l (1 year),

Roumania (1 year), S p a in (1 year), Sw itzerland (3 m o n th s ) , T u rk ey (1 year), U nion of Soviet Socialist Republics

(1 year), U n ited S ta te s of A m erica (1 m o n th ) , Y ugoslav ia (1 year).

18. Switzerland.(a) Passport :

C om pulsory, ex ce p t for F rench , Belgian an d L uxem burg to u ris ts w ho do n o t s ta y longer th a n three m onths in

Switzerland an d in w hose case th e id en tity -c a rd is sufficient, on condition t h a t i t gives th e n a tio n a lity of the holder,

that i t bears h is p h o to g rap h and t h a t i t has been m ade o u t or v isaed by th e co m p e ten t au th o ri ty (an expired passport is also accep ted ).

— 32 —

(b) Visa :

C om pulsory only for na tio n a ls of th e following c o u n tr ie s : B ulgaria , Greece, Po land , R oum ania , T urkey , Union of

Sovie t Socialist R epublics a n d Y ugoslavia a n d for persons w ith o u t definite na tiona lity .

(d) Residence taxes :

In h e a l th resorts, th e re is a ta x of 20 to 30 cen tim es p e r d ay . The a m o u n t of th is ta x is fixed according to the

position of th e re so rt an d th e category of t h e h o te l in w h ich th e to u ris t resides.

19. Yugoslavia.(a) Passport :

Com pulsory.

(b) Visa :

W ith th e excep tion of G erm an and Czechoslovak tou ris ts , for w h o m th e visa is unnecessary , on th e basis of reciprocity .

(c) Cost of the visa :

130 d inars for a v isa v a lid for six m o n th s w ith a n u n lim ited n u m b er of en tries ; 65 d inars for a v isa ; 13 dinars for

a tra n s i t v isa w ith o u t th e r ig h t of stay. N evertheless , to u ris ts of an y n a tio n a lity h ave been allowed for some time

to en te r Y ugoslav ia on p re se n ta tio n of a tourist visa obtained at the reduced rate of 10 dinars pay ab le in th e respective

na tio n a l cu rrency a t th e average ra te of exchange, p ro v id ed th a t t h e y s ta y a t least th ree days in th e h e a l th or tourist

resorts or in b a th in g resorts. T his v isa is va lid for e n try an d d ep artu re an d for a period of th ree m on ths .

(d) Residence taxes :

L evied in certa in officially recognised h e a lth , to u r is t a n d b a th in g resorts.

(e) Road traffic taxes for private foreign touring cars :

Vehicles a f te r e n try in to Y ugoslavia a re sub ject to th e traffic tax . Special facilities have, how ever, been provided

for foreign to u ris ts : (1) Y ugoslav ia h a v in g acceded to t h e G eneva C onvention of M arch 30th , 1931, on th e Taxation

of Foreign M otor Vehicles, foreign tou ris ts who e n te r Y ugoslav ia w ith a tr ip ty c h or C ustom s p e rm it and who, on

a rriv ing in Y ugoslav ia, p re sen t th e in te rn a tio n a l fiscal p e rm it, are e n tit le d to ex em p tio n from th e p a y m e n t of taxes

and charges on traffic or on th e possession of m otor-cars in th e whole or a p a i t of Yugoslav te rr i to ry , fo r one or more

visits rep resen ting a to ta l d u ra tio n of n in e ty days sp e n t in th is te rr i to ry w ith in one year. T his period is com puted day

b y d a y as fro m th e d a te of th e issue of th e fiscal p e rm it. T h is ex em p tio n does n o t ex te n d to consum ption taxes or

charges. (2) Foreign to u ris ts p rovided w ith a t r ip ty c h or C ustom s p e rm it b u t n o t possessing th e in te rn a tio n a l fiscal

p e rm it are e x em p t from th e p a y m e n t of th e above-m en tioned taxes and charges for s ix ty days. W h en foreign touris ts

have exceeded th e s ta y of s ix ty or n in e ty days, as th e case m ay be, th e y are com pelled to p a y a charge of 10 dinars

per d a y to th e Custom s offices of dep artu re .

( b ) S u r v e y o f t h e F o r m a l i t i e s a n d C h a r g e s t o w h i c h F o r e i g n T o u r i s t s a r e s u b j e c t i n C e r t a i n C o u n t r i e s

o f A m e r i c a .1

1. Argentine.1. Passport.

2. H e a lth certificate .

3. T rachom a certif ica te , w hich m ay be inco rp o ra ted in h e a lth certificate .

4. V accination certificate .

5. T w o ad d itio n a l pho tographs .

6. Police certificate.

7. V isa fees ran g in g fro m 5 to 20 dollars, depend ing upon circum stances.

1 In fo rm atio n ta k e n fro m th e p re p a ra to ry d o cu m en ts for th e P an-A m erican Com m ercial Conference of Buenos Aires, M ay 1935.

— 33 ~

2. B o l iv ia .

1. Passport.

2. Six e x t r a p h o to g r a p h s .

3. B ir th c e r t i f ic a te p re se n te d fo r in sp e c t io n .

4. R e fe ren ces of f irm s o r p e rso n s r e s id in g in B o liv ia .

5. R e fe rences o f tw o firm s of lo c a l i ty o f t r a v e l l e r ’s re s id en ce .

6. H e a l th ce r t i f ic a te .

7. C e r t if ic a te o f v a c c in a t io n a g a in s t sm a llp o x .

8. C e r t if ic a te of good c o n d u c t .

9. V isa fee : 4 do lla rs .

3. B r a z i l .

1. P a s s p o r t .

2. T h re e a d d i t io n a l p h o to g r a p h s .

3. T h re e id e n t i f ic a t io n fo rm s , f u rn i s h e d b y a c o n s u la te .

4. C e r t i f ic a te of v a c c in a t io n a g a in s t sm a llp o x .

5. H e a l th ce r t i f ic a te .

6. Po lice c e r t i f ic a te .

7. V isa fee : 4 do lla rs .

4. C h i le .

1. P a s s p o r t .

2. H e a l th c e r t i f ic a te i su e d b y t h e p h y s ic ia n o f a C h i l ia n c o n s u la te -g e n e ra l .

3. V a c c in a t io n c e r t i f i c a te is s u e d b y t h e p h y s ic ia n of a C h i l ia n c o n s u la te -g e n e ra l .

4. G o o d -c o n d u c t c e r t i f ic a te .

5. T o u r i s ts m a k in g a r o u n d t r ip o n t h e sa m e vesse l d o n o t r e q u i re a p a s s p o r t ; a l e t t e r f ro m t h e s te a m s h ip c o m p a n y

visaed b y t h e C o n s u l-G e n e ra l is su ff ic ien t w h e n a c c o m p a n ie d b y t h e n e c e ssa ry v a c c in a t io n , g o o d -co n d u c t an d h e a l th

certificates.

6. V isa fees : fo r p a s s p o r t o r l e t t e r f ro m s t e a m s h ip c o m p a n y , 4 d o lla rs ; for v is a of h e a l t h a n d v a c c in a tio n c e r t i f i ­

cates, 3 do llars .

5. C o lo m b ia .

1. P a s s p o r t .

2. H e a l th ce r t i f ic a te .

3. T h re e e x t r a p h o to g r a p h s .

4. C e r t i f ic a te o f v a c c in a t io n a g a in s t s m a llp o x .

5. C h a ra c te r c e r t i f ic a te f r o m a police a u th o r i t y .

6. T w o l e t t e r s o f i n t ro d u c t io n t o a C o lo m b ia n c o n su l f ro m t h e a p p l ic a n t 's e m p lo y e rs .

7. V isa fees o n a r e c ip ro c i ty b as is .

6. C o s t a R ic a .

1. I d e n t i f i c a t io n c a rd o b ta in e d f ro m a t r a n s p o r t c o m p a n y .

2. N o v i s a r e q u ire d .

7. C u b a .

No p a s s p o r t o r v i s a r e q u i re d e x c e p t in v e r y sp e c ia l cases .

8. D o m in ic a n R e p u b lic .

No p assp o rt or v isa requ ired ex cep t w hen a to u ris t rem ains m ore th a n th ir ty days.

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g. E c u a d o r .

1. P assp o rt.

2. H e a l th certificate .

3. C ertifica te of vacc ination ag a in s t sm allpox.

4. One e x tra p h o to g rap h .

5. In o rganised groups, only a lis t or collective p assport p repared b y th e s team sh ip agency is required.

6. B ona-fide to u r is ts are e x em p t from p a y m e n t of v isa fee ; in o th e r cases fee is 3 dollars.

10. G u a te m a la .

1. T o u ris ts s tay in g a l im ited tim e do n o t need passports ; to u r is t c a rd only, o b ta in ed a t a G u a tem a lan consulate,

is necessary.

2. V isa of to u r is t card is free.

11. H a i t i .

1. C itizens of th e U n ited S ta tes , G erm any and th e N e therlands do n o t requ ire passports.

2. N a tiona ls of all o th e r countries m u st be p rov ided w ith a p a ssport if th e y wish to rem a in more th a n thirty

days.3. V isa fee : 3 dollars.

12. H o n d u r a s .

1. Id e n tif ica tio n card only, issued b y th e s team sh ip com pany , is necessary in th e case of to u ris ts visiting Honduras.

2. N o v isa necessary.

13. M e x ic o .

1. T o u ris t c a rd o b ta in ed from a M exican consulate , in th e case of tou ris ts rem ain ing less t h a n six months.2. V isa fee : 2 M exican pesos.

14. N ic a r a g u a .

1. Passport.

2. C ertificate of good conduct.

3. V isa fee : free in ce r ta in cases ; 1.50 dollars in o thers .

15. P a n a m a .

No p assp o rt or v isa is necessary in m an y cases.

16. P a r a g u a y .

1. P assport.2. H e a lth certificate.

3. V acc ina tion certificate.

4. Police certificate.

5. V isa fee : 2 dollars.N a tiona ls of all Sou th-A m erican countries are exem pted from presen ting a passport. T h ey need only a certificate

of id en ti ty or good-conduct certificate issued by a police au th o rity .

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i7- Peru.

1. Passport.

2. H e a l th c e r t i f ic a te .

3. V a c c in a t io n c e r t i f ic a te .

4. Visa fee : 5 dollars ; in various cases, v isas are no t requ ired ; in o th ers th e y are requ ired bu t are furnished free.

18. S a n S a lv a d o r .

1. Passport.

2. C ertificate of vacc in a tio n ag a in s t sm allpox.

3. Visa fees v a ry , according to n a tio n a li ty o f person ; free in m an y cases.

iq . United States of America.

1. Passport.

2. Visa fees : 9 dollars for v isa of passp o rt , 1 dollar fo r ap p lica tio n for visa.

Charge for th e v isa of a foreign p assp o rt for persons v isiting th e U n ited S ta tes , applicable in the case of nationals

of countries %vith w hich th e U n ited S ta te s h a s n o t concluded reciprocal ag reem ents for th e abolition or reduction of

visa fees for n on-im m igran ts . Such ag reem ents are in force w ith th ir ty -sev en countries. T h e v isa is valid for a period

of twelve m o n th s an d for an y n u m b er of v is its to th e U n ited S ta te s during t h a t period.

Special a rran g em en ts h av e been m ade fo r to u r is ts w ho are citizens of several n e a rb y countries, including Canada

and Mexico, w ho m ay en te r th e U n ited S ta te s tem p o ra r ily w ith o u t passports or visas. 1

20. Uruguay.

1. F irst-c lass passengers en te ring th e co u n try as to u ris ts m ay , depending u p o n th e consul’s decision, be exem pted

from th e form alities usually insisted upon, w ith th e ex cep tio n of th e v isa fee.

All o th e r persons en te ring th e co u n try m u st fu rn ish th e following :

2. P assp o rt.

3 - G ood-conduct certificate .

4- C ertifica te of vacc in a tio n ag a in s t sm allpox.

21. V e n e z u e la .

1. Passport.

2. Six ad d itio n a l ph o to g rap h s .

3- Two id en tif ica tion fo rm s to be m ade o u t a t th e consulate .

4 - D eposit of 1,000 bolivares.

5 - C ertificate of v acc in a tio n ag a in s t sm allpox.

6. H e a lth certificate .

7- G ood-conduct certificate .8. Affidavit before a n o ta ry public as to th e good in ten tio n s of th e trave lle r.

9 - C ertificate of good b eh av io u r issued b y th e employer.10. V isa fee a t p o r t of land ing : 2 dollars.

Note. — Passengers on special cruises w ith stopover of on ly one day need n o t fulfil an y req u irem en ts whatsoever.

1 T his note was a d d ed as a re su lt of in fo rm a tio n supplied by Mr. Bigelow, a m em ber of th e Sub-Com m ittee of Experts.

36 —

(c) R e s u l t s o b t a i n e d b y t h e P a n - A m e r i c a n C o m m e r c i a l C o n f e r e n c e a t B u e n o s A i r e s

i n M a y 1 9 3 5 a s r e g a r d s a S i m p l i f i c a t i o n o f F o r m a l i t i e s a n d a R e d u c t i o n i n t h e C h a r g e s i m p o s e d o n T o u r i s t s

1. A t th e Conference in question , a C onven tion concerning th e ad o p tio n of a P an-Am erican tourist passport and

a transit passport for vehicles was signed b y t h e S ta te s m em bers of th e U nion.

T h is C onvention defines th e m eaning of th e te rm “ to u ris ts ” ; i t lays dow n t h a t every n a tio n m u st endeavour

to estab lish a n d a d o p t th e “ P an-A m erican T o u ris t P a ssp o r t E ac h c o n trac tin g S ta te would h av e th e r ig h t to issue

such a p assp o rt e ithe r ind iv idually or collectively to i ts na tiona ls , w h e th e r nationa ls b y b i r th or na tura lised , or to

na tiona ls of o th e r A m erican countries, su b jec t to ce r ta in fo rm alities. T h e p assp o rt will be issued free of charge.

T he C onvention also contains provisions in re sp ec t of special services connected w ith th e v isa and th e r ig h t of the

co u n try to w hich th e to u r is t proceeds to keep his p a ssp o rt du ring h is s ta y in th e co u n try , a certif icate being given to

replace th e p assport up-to th e t im e w h en th e to u r is t is a b o u t to leave th e c o u n try ; and th e se ttin g up of to u r is t traffic

offices in each coun try .

T he p a r t of th e C onvention w hich deals w ith tra n s i t of vehicles belonging to tou ris ts expressly lays dow n that

bicycles, m otor-bicycles, autom obiles and a irc ra f t used b y th e ir owners o r in ten d ed to be used la te r b y th em , shall

be a d m itte d free of d u ty ; scientific in s tru m e n ts a n d th e necessary eq u ip m e n t for th e exercise o f a r ts a n d professions

shall also be a d m itte d free of d u ty and sp orting e q u ip m en t of to u r is ts ; vehicles m ay rem ain in th e c o u n try to which

th e to u r is t proceeds as long as th e ir owners rem a in th e re ; special badges m ay be issued in respect of vehicles adm itted

under th is passport.

T he U n ited S ta tes of Am erica abs ta in ed from signing th is C onvention because th e o rgan isation of th e ir Government

p reven ts th e m from concluding agreem ents of th is characte r .

T h ey h av e nevertheless declared t h a t th e y are p repared im m ed ia te ly to conclude b ila te ra l agreem ents w ith other

countries w ith a view to g iv ing effect to th e sp ir i t of th e C onvention.

T he D om inican R epublic also m ade a re se rv a tio n w ith regard to th e Convention , as i ts leg isla tion does n o t allow

i t to regard persons trave lling for business as touris ts .

2. A C onvention w ith a view to fac ilita ting to u r is t traffic be tw een A m erican countries was also signed a t the

sam e Conference.

3. F u rth e rm o re , a n u m b er of recom m enda tions were adopted , am ong o thers , a recom m enda tion concerning the

defin ition of th e te rm “ im m ig r a n t” , w ith reg ard to w hich reservations were su b m itte d b y C uba, b y th e Dominican

R epublic and b y Venezuela, and various recom m enda tions concerning m easures of supervision to be applied to the

m ovem en t of trave lle rs passing th ro u g h one c o u n try for th e purpose of proceeding to a n o th e r co u n try , th e simplification

or abolition of p a ssp o rt form alities, th e dev elo p m en t of p ro p ag an d a for to u r is t traffic b y th e P an-A m erican Union,

and encouragem ent to ban k in g e stab lishm en ts w i th a view to m aking th e use of t rav e lle rs ’ cheques m ore general.

(d ) C h a r g e s f o r P a s s p o r t s i s s u e d t o N a t i o n a l s a n d O t h e r P e r s o n s d o m i c i l e d w i t h i n t h e

C o u n t r y w h e n a b o u t t o g o a b r o a d .

Since th e crisis, under th e influence m ain ly of cu rrency considerations, a nu m b er of countries, w h e th er th e y do or

do not contro l dealings in fo reign exchange, h ave considerab ly increased th e charge levied w h en p assports are issued to th e ir na tionals .1

This, for in stance , is th e case in Poland. T h a t c o u n try has n o t estab lished a n y m easure fo r contro lling dealings

in foreign exchange ; on th e o th e r h an d , a t th e t im e w h en th e p assp o rt is issued, i t levies charges w hich are so high

t h a t th e y m ay exercise an influence on th e nu m b er of to u ris ts proceeding to foreign countries. T he levying of such

charges is, however, m ade less onerous by a series of special regu la tions in respect of ind iv idual cases as show n below.2

T h e d u ra tio n of va lid ity of passports is one year.

1 C erta in coun trie s , w hen in tro d u c in g th is charge, gave i t th e c h a ra c te r of a new t a x on p leasure t r ip s to foreign countries. T hus, in t h e b u d g e t of th e N e therlands for th e y ear 1936, we find am ong th e new fiscal m easures intended to m ake up th e de fic it an item of two m illion florins revenue u n d e r th e head ing : t a x on jo u rneys abroad for p leasure.

2 In fo rm a tio n supplied b y th e Polish de legation acc red ited to th e L eague of N ations.

— 37 —

The o rd inary charge for issuing a p a ssp o rt is fixed a t 400 z loty for a single jou rney , 1,600 z loty for several journeys

during one year.Nevertheless :

(1) P assp o rts are issued free of charge to w orkers proceeding to foreign countries for th e purpose of tak ing up em ploym en t th e re ;

(2) In th e case of t ra v e l fo r com m ercial purposes, th e charge is 100 z lo ty for one jou rney and 400 z lo ty for

several journeys ;

(3) T h e ta x is reduced to 80 z lo ty for one jo u rn ey , or 320 z loty for several journeys, in th e case of trave l :( i ) Fo r scientific and social research , e tc . ;

( i i ) B y invalids p roceeding to foreign coun trie s to receive t re a tm e n t th e re , on condition th a t i t is no t

possible to receive su ch t r e a tm e n t in Po lan d and t h a t th e invalids in q u estion are w ith o u t m eans ;

( i n ) B y persons proceed ing to foreign coun trie s to tak e p a r t in in te rn a tio n a l m eetings, congresses, conferences, e tc . ;

( iv ) B y persons tak in g p a r t in spo rting an d a th le tic even ts in foreign countries ;

As an excep tional m easure, t h e persons m en tio n ed in ( i i ) , (H i) and ( iv) m ay be exem pted from p aym en t of

the charge ;

(4) I n th e case of seafaring m en an d pilots, th e charge for passports is reduced to 3 zloty.

A dm in is tra tive regu la tions lay dow n th e conditions u n d e r w hich th e various persons applying for exem ption or

reduction of th e norm al charge m u st p rove th e ir claim s.

N.B.—In an a g ree m e n t w ith A ustria , th e Polish charges fo r issu ing passports h av e been specially reduced. A lthough

we have no de ta iled in fo rm a tio n on th is sub ject, th e provisions of th is ag reem en t n o t hav ing been made public,

one in te re s tin g fa c t should be n o ted : th e principles of th e collective passport has a p p are n tly been ad m itted in

certa in cases and th e charge for issu ing th e sam e h as been reduced.

(e ) D e c r e e f o r t h e P r o t e c t i o n o f F r e n c h T o u r i s t T r a f f i c .

As a re su lt of th e m easures p u t in to opera tio n b y a n u m b er of countries w hich res tr ic t th e am oun t of foreign

exchange t h a t can be tak e n o u t of t h e c o u n try by n a tio n a l to u ris ts desirous of trav e llin g or residing abroad, or w hich

charge h eav y fees for th e issue of passports , th e F ren ch G overnm en t h a s decided to en ac t a decree affording it the

means of in tro d u c in g , as soon as i t m ay deem necessary , a regim e of eq u itab le recip rocity in th e m a tte r of to u ris t

traffic w ith such countries.

This is th e im p o r t of th e co m m en ts accom panying th e Decree of Sep tem ber 21st, 1935, for th e p rotection of French

tourist traffic (the te x t of w hich is rep roduced below ).

Up to th e p resen t, how ever, th e F ren ch G overnm en t h a s n o t applied th is decree, w hich rem ains a po ten tia l m eans

of reprisal and a w eapon of n e g o tia tio n to be used for th e purpose of securing, if possible, a re laxation of the measures

which led to i ts enac tm en t.

Text of the Decree

Article 1.— Article 196 of th e Decree of Sep tem ber 21st, 1934, codify ing s ta m p du ties shall be com pleted as follows :

“ A su p p lem en ta ry s ta m p d u ty shall be p ayab le b y any French na tiona l proceeding to an y one of th e S ta tes

th a t have estab lished e ith e r p assp o rt fees h igher th a n th e corresponding F ren ch fees or m onetary or other restric ­

tions applicable to persons desirous of trave lling or resid ing in F rance. ”

The m ax im u m ra te of th is d u ty shall be equal to th e eq u iv a len t in F rench cu rren cy of th e difference :

(1) B etw een th e cost of th e p assp o rt payab le in th e foreign S ta te concerned by to u ris ts desirous of proceeding

to France, an d th e cost of a p a ssp o rt issued in F rance to a F ren ch n a tiona l desirous of proceeding to th e co u n try

in q u estion ;

(2) .B etw een th e su m w hich m ay be tak e n for a s ta y of one m o n th or a frac tio n th ereo f by a to u r is t of the

foreign S ta te concerned in to a c o u n try w h ich , in re sp ec t of th e e x p o r t of cap ita l for touring purposes, enjoys

1 T ak en fro m th e Official J o u rn a l of Sep tem ber 2 4 th , 1935, page 10348.

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m o st-fav o u red -n a tio n t r e a tm e n t an d th e sum w hich such to u ris t is p e rm it te d to ex p o rt to F rance for th e same

period.

T h e m ax im u m ra te of th is d u ty m ay in no case exceed 5,000 francs.

T h is d u ty sha ll n o t be payab le b y a n y F ren ch m an , w h e th e r accom panied or n o t b y h is spouse :

(1) W h o is sen t on an official m ission ;

(2) W h o h a s h is principa l residence ab ro ad ;

(3) W h o satisfies th e p réfectoral or consular a u th o rit ie s t h a t he is n o t v isiting th e c o u n try concerned as a

tou ris t.

T h e d u ty shall s im ilarly n o t be p ayab le b y a n y F ren ch n a tio n a l u nder th e age of 18.

Article 2.— T h e M inister for Foreign Affairs, th e M inister of th e In te rio r , th e M inister of F inance, th e Minister of

Com merce a n d In d u s try and th e M in ister of Public W orks shall be au thorised to p ro h ib it b y order th e sale or circulation

in F ran ce of bonds or securities exchangeab le in an y form w h a tev e r for m o n e ta ry in s tru m en ts or services th a t are

likely to d is tu rb th e equ ilib rium of th e in te rn a tio n a l to u r is t m arke ts.

A rticle 3.— A ny F rench n a tiona l, dom iciled in F rance, w ho is desirous of proceeding to a S ta te to which the

provisions of th e p re sen t decree ap p ly u nder A rticle 4 th ereo f shall, before crossing th e fro n tie r of th e S ta te concerned

p ay to th e p ré fec to ra l au th o rit ie s th e su p p lem en ta ry fee p rov ided for in Article 1.

I f th e F ren ch n a tio n a l is tem p o ra rily in a n o th e r c o u n try he m ay p a y th e fee p rov ided for in Article 1 to a French

consulate .

I n th e case of a c o u n try for w hich th e p ro d u c tio n of a p a ssp o rt is n o t required , th e above-m entioned du ty must

be p a id under th e sam e conditions and ag a in s t th e issue of a s ta m p e d form bearing th e n a tio n a l’s nam e, which shall

tak e th e place of a certificate a n d th e p ro d u c tio n of w hich m ay a t an y tim e be requ ired b y a rep resen ta tiv e of France

abroad.

A ny in frin g em en t of th e provisions of th e p resen t a rtic le shall ren d er th e offender liable to p ay m en t of a sum

equal to four t im es th e a m o u n t of th e d u ty evaded ; th e m ax im u m sum payab le shall no t, however, exceed 15,000

francs.

Article 4.— T he provisions of th e p resen t decree shall n o t ap p ly u n til a f te r th e p rom ulga tion of inter-Ministerial

orders fixing th e a m o u n t of th e increase under th e conditions la id dow n in A rticle 1.

Article 5.— T he Presiden t of th e Council, M in ister for Foreign Affairs, th e M inister of Public W orks, th e Minister

of th e In terio r, th e M inister of F inance, th e M inister of Com merce and In d u s try , and th e M inister for th e Colonies

shall be responsible, each in so fa r as he is concerned, for th e execu tion of th e presen t decree, w hich, in accordance with

th e single a rtic le of th e Law of Ju n e 8 th , 1935, shall be su b m itte d to th e Cham bers for ra tif ica tion b y Jan u a ry ist,

1936.

— 3 9 —

ANNEX IV.

M EA SU RES I N F O R C E IN C E R T A IN C O U N T R IE S C O N C E R N IN G T H E E X P O R T O F N A T IO N A L C U R R E N C Y

F O R P U R P O S E S O F T O U R IS T T R A F F IC .

(a) S u r v e y o f t h e R e g u l a t i o n s i n f o r c e i n A u s t r i a , C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , D e n m a r k , G r e e c e ,

S p a i n a n d Y u g o s l a v i a .1

Austria.

The ex p o rt of n a tio n a l cu rren cy is allowed u p to a m ax im u m of 200 schillings. Fo re ign cu rrency m ay be exported

without special p e rm it up to a su m eq u iv a len t to 500 schillings.

These m easures ap p ly in re sp e c t of all countries .

C z e c h o s lo v a k ia .

The ex p o rt of na tio n a l cu rren cy is au tho rised w ith o u t a special p e rm it u p to a sum of 1,000 K6. More th a n 1,000

Ki. may be exported by persons proceeding to G erm any , A u s tria , B ulgaria , R o u m an ia and Yugoslavia.

Persons trave lling to th e N e th er lan d s m ay e x p o r t 340 D u tch florins. Persons trav e llin g to France m ay tak e 3,700

French francs.D e n m a r k .

The ex p o rt of n a tio n a l cu rren cy is lim ited to 100 k ro n er per person.

Danish to u ris ts proceeding to foreign countries m ay e x p o r t th e sum in foreign cu rren cy w hich th e y can o b tain in

the banks by m aking a decla ra tion t h a t th e m oney is to be used solely for th e jou rney , and th e a m o u n t applied for

—in the opinion of th e ban k — is in keeping w ith th e s ta n d a rd of living of th e person concerned in D enm ark. These

restrictions ap p ly in th e case of all countries.G re e c e .

The ex p o r t of n a tio n a l cu rrency is su b jec t to restr ic tions . G reek trave lle rs m ust, before leaving th e coun try ,

make a special ap p lica tion to th e B an k of Greece, w h ich will supp ly th em w ith th e necessary foreign currency in accor­

dance w ith th e ir requ irem en ts . E ac h ap p lica tion is d ea lt w ith separa te ly an d in a generous spirit.

These m easures ap p ly in resp ec t of all countries.

S p a in .

In th e case of all countries, ex p o r t is l im ited to 5,000 pesetas pe r person an d a no te to t h a t effect is m ade on th e

passport.

Y u g o s la v ia .

Tourists m ay tak e th e following am o u n ts ab ro ad , p rov ided th e a m o u n t is w r i t te n on th e ir passport : 3,000 dinars

to Bulgaria, R o u m an ia , I ta ly , Greece, A ustria , H un g ary , A lban ia ; 5,000 d inars to o th e r countries.

An excep tion to th is general p ro h ib itio n of th e ex p o rt of foreign exchange an d cu rrency is form ed by th e purchase

of means of p a y m e n t ab ro ad for personal req u irem en ts up to th e eq u iv a len t of 300 d inars per m o n th for each person ;

this purchase m ay be m ade w ith o u t a n y a u th o risa t io n from th e M in istry of F inance (M inisterial Decree of December

29 th, 1934)-A p a rt from th is au tonom ous sy s tem th e re are provisions in to u r is t ag reem en ts regarding th e ex p o rt of foreign

exchange and cu rrency for th e req u irem en ts of n a tio n a l to u ris ts . Y ugoslav ia has, u p to th e p resen t, to u r is t agreem ents

with Czechoslovakia, G erm any , P o land , H u n g a ry a n d A ustria .

(b ) S i t u a t i o n r e s u l t i n g f r o m t h e P u t t i n g i n t o F o r c e o f t h e G e r m a n R e g u l a t i o n s a n d t h e

A r r a n g e m e n t s c o n c l u d e d b y C e r t a i n C o u n t r i e s w i t h G e r m a n y .2

1. Regulation of Foreign Exchange for Journeys abroad, applicable to all Persons, irrespective of

N ationa lity , whose P erm anent Domicile is in Germany.

I. W h en proceeding to a n y fo reign co u n try , e ach pe rson m ay tak e w ith h im th e following sums in cash per person p e r ca len d ar m o n th :

(1) W ithout formalities, 10 RM ., b u t only in G erm an coin or in fo reign cu rren cy ;

1 In fo rm a tio n received fro m th e In te rn a tio n a l U nion of Official O rgans for th e P ro m o tio n of th e T o u ris t Traffic at The H ague .

2 In fo rm a tio n supp lied b y th e In te rn a t io n a l T ouring A ssociation, Brussels.

— 40 —

(z) I n u rg e n t cases, a n a d d itio n a l su m of 50 R M ., also in G erm an coin or in foreign currency . The urgency

of th e case m u s t be p roved an d certified on th e p assp o rt by th e co m p e ten t local police au thoritie s .

I I . Travellers m ay ta k e w ith th e m travellers’ letters of credit, travellers’ cheques, credit notes an d hotel vouchers in

accordance w ith th e special C onventions concluded by th e R eich G overnm en t w ith th e countries ind ica ted in the

sy nop tic tab le g iven h e rea fte r . T he am o u n t of th e sum s of m oney g ra n te d for th is purpose, w ith all o th e r necessary

in fo rm atio n , is g iven in th is tab le .

Particulars to be mentioned in the passport .— All purchases of foreign exchange, trav e lle rs’ le tte rs of c red it, travellers’

cheques, c red it notes an d h o te l vouchers m u s t be m en tio n ed in th e passport.

Use of means of paym ent .— A tten tio n is p a rticu la rly d raw n to th e fa c t th a t , in accordance w ith th e regulations

th e m eans of p a y m e n t allowed in v ir tu e of a special C onvention m ay only be em ployed for a s ta y in th e country for

which t h e y were au thorised . F o r th is purpose, a w r i t te n decla ra tion m u st be m ade a t th e t im e of th is authorisation

Journeys in several countries.— I t should fu r th e r be n o ted th a t , w hen a jou rney is m ade in several countries, even if

a special C onvention exists for each of th em , a trave lle r m ay on ly tak e w ith h im , for all these countries together, travel­

le rs ’ le tte rs of c red it, c red it notes, e tc ., u p to a to ta l a m o u n t of 500 R M . per person per calendar m on th . In this

case, i t is th ere fo re n o t possible to fix a m ax im u m sum for each ind iv idual c o u n try as would be t h e case in other

c ircum stances.

Supplem entary despatch of fu n d s .— If one of th e docum en ts of p a y m e n t h a s been acquired for th e needs of one

c a len d ar m o n th only, su p p lem en ta ry despatches of funds m ay be m ade for th e second a n d th i r d m on ths , on condition

th a t , before d e p artu re , an ap p ro p ria te note on th is su b jec t has been m ade in th e p assport or th a t th e passport itself

is sen t back fro m ab ro ad to th e co m p e ten t issuing agency.

Cash l im it .— In cases covered b y th e special C onventions show n in th e synoptic tab le , i t will n o t be necessary to

p roduce th e certificate of u rgency issued b y th e c o m p e ten t local police a u th o r i ty in o rder to tak e o u t of th e country

th e a m o u n t of cash in d ica ted under I (2). A n excep tion is m ade, however, as regards D en m ark an d th e Netherlands,

to w hich countries only 10 R M . of cash m ay be ta k e n in sp ite of th e special Convention. On i ts side, th e Reichsbank

m ust insis t th a t , in case of a n ex tension of th e l im it to 50 RM ., only currency of th e c o u n try for w hich p ay m en t docu­

m en t has been m ade o u t should be delivered. A t th e sam e tim e, i t raises no objection to qualified in s t itu t io n s meeting

req u irem en ts in a t h i rd cu rrency if plausible m otives exist. A plausible m otive is considered to ex is t in p a r ticu la r when,

in order to reach his d estina tion , th e trave lle r m u st pass th ro u g h a n o th e r c o u n try and will therefore need th e sum of

50 RM . in cu rrency of t h a t coun try .

S u p p ly of foreign currency.— As regards all these countries, w ith th e excep tion of Sw itzerland, I ta ly and Austria,

th e re can never be a n y c e r ta in ty t h a t th e R e ichsbank will be able to supp ly th e foreign cu rrency in q u estion nor as to

th e a m o u n t i t will be able to supply . Travellers are there fo re adv ised to enquire a t a foreign cu rrency ban k or Mittel-

E uropàisches R eisebiiro b ran ch before p lann ing a jo u rn ey to a n y of these coun trie s .

Polish corridor.—A s, generally speaking, an increase i n th e a m o u n t of cash allowed, includ ing t h a t for urgent

cases (50 RM.), is n o t au tho rised for t ra n s i t across th e Po lish corridor on th e w ay to or from E a s t P russia , th e Reich

F inance M inister, in o rder to facilita te journeys b y m otor-car, h a s au thorised fron tie r Custom s offices to allow German

na tiona ls and holders of G erm an passports to tak e w ith th e m G erm an m eans of p a y m e n t over an d above th e amount

norm ally allowed u p to a to ta l of 3,000 RM . for all th e occupan ts of one m otor-car. In such a case, t ra n s it must

take place w ith o u t in te rru p tio n , an d all t h e m em bers of th e p a r ty m u s t rem ain together. I f , owing to indisposition,

one of th e m em bers of th e p a r ty is obliged to in te r ru p t th e journey , h e m ay only re ta in on h is person th e sum normally

allowed. A tra n s i t jo u rn ey effected in th e conditions in d ica ted above will be controlled by m eans of a transit

certificate issued by th e Custom s office of ex it, w h ich will have to be produced a t th e Custom s office of re -en try into

Germ any, together, w ith th e sum m entioned there in .

Passage th ro u g h th e corridor b y rail is n o t sub ject to a n y re s tr ic tions as regards th e m oney carried b y travellers.

_ 4 i —

Synoptic Table of In d iv id u a l Conventions concluded by the German Government in respect of Travellers going abroad.

Country Up to a sum of RM.

Placed a t the tra v e lle r ’s d is ­posal w ithout fo rm ality by

Placed a t the tra v e lle r 's d is ­posal a f te r an

applica tion to the R e ichsbank sent

in th ro u gh

M ethod o f paym ent

S w i tz e r la n d ( a ) ...................(See Annex IV ( c) below.)

500.— Fore ign E x ­

change B ank

o r b ran ch of

th e M .E .R .

On en tering th e country , a m axim um

of 200 Swiss francs ;

7 days a f te r th e first paym en t, 300

Swiss francs ;

14 days a f te r th e first paym ent, the

balance.

D e n m a r k ........................................ 500.— Fore ign E x ­

change Bank

or b ran ch of

th e M .E .R .

Peri

od

of li

qu

idat

ion

8

to 10

da

ys

On entering th e country, a m aximum

of 300 kroner ;

7 days a fte r th e first paym ent,

200 kroner ;

14 days a fte r the first paym ent,

200 kroner ;

21 days a fte r th e first paym ent, the

balance.

Free City of D a n z ig . . . . 180.— Idem . F irs t p ay m en t up to 150 Danzig gul­

den a t th e option of th e traveller.

Balance one week or more a fte r the

first paym ent.

Netherlands (b ) . . . .

(See also A n n e x IV (d)

below.)

200.---

(D utch fl.)B ranch of the

M .E .R .

On en tering th e country , a m axim um

of 100 D utch florins ;

7 days a f te r th e first paym ent, the

balance.

Italy ( c ) ................................. 500.— Fore ign E x ­

change B ank

o r b ran ch of

th e M .E .R .

Y ugoslav ia ............................ 500.— —• Idem .

Austria ( d ) ........................ 5° ° — — • Idem .

R o u m a n ia ............................ 50°.— — Idem .

C zechoslovakia ................... 500.— — Idem .

Hungary ( e ) ....................... 5°°-— — Idem .

— 42 —

Notes on the Foregoing Synoptic Table.

(a ) As regards Switzerland, each te rm of p a y m e n t is m en tio n ed b y th e pay ing e s tab lish m en t in th e passport I f b y t h e p ro d u c tio n of a Swiss a ffidav it i t is p roved th a t , in o rd er to m ee t o b liga tions to th e e s tab lish m en t in question sum s g re a te r th a n those in d ica ted are necessary, Swiss p a y m e n t agencies an d agencies for t rav e lle rs ’ le tte rs of credit t ra v e l le r s ’ cheques an d c red it n o tes m ay effect a n tic ip a to ry p a y m e n ts up to th e to ta l a m o u n t of th e c red it docum ent in q uestion .

T h e Swiss F ederal Council h a s req u es ted th e G erm an R e ich sb an k to in te r ru p t prov isionally th e issue of means of p a y m e n t in accordance w ith th e special C onven tion of la s t A pril (i.e., t rav e l le rs ’ le tte rs of c red it, t rav e l le rs ’ cheques h o te l vouchers , e tc .) . A ccordingly a n d u n t i l f u r th e r notice , th e above-m en tioned m eans of p a y m e n t m a y no longer be p re p are d for Sw itzerland , and on ly a sum of 10 RM. p e r person and pe r ca len d ar m o n th m ay be in tro d u ced into that c o u n try , or in case of urgency th e additional sum of 50 RM.

(b ) As regards th e Netherlands, th e su p p le m e n ta ry a m o u n t of 200 D u tc h florins— out of 500 R M .— may only be ta k e n o u t of th e co u n try in th e fo rm of M .E .R . h o te l vouchers .

( c) T h e rules governing th e in tro d u c tio n in to I ta ly of I ta l ia n b a n k an d T rea su ry no tes are la id dow n in a Ministerial D ecree of O ctober 3rd, 1 935 /X III , pub lished u n d e r No. 235 in th e Official Gazette of O ctober 8 th .

I n o rder to ap p rec ia te th e scope of th is m easure , i t m u s t be borne in m in d t h a t foreigners a n d I ta l ia n nationals re s id en t ab ro ad , en te ring I ta ly or th e I ta l ia n possessions are free to in tro d u ce I ta l ia n b an k a n d tre a su ry notes up to an a m o u n t n o t exceeding 2,000 lire , w hereas no re s tr ic t io n is p laced upon th e possession a n d in tro d u c tio n of foreign ex ch an g e an d ho tel vouchers.

T h e decree provides t h a t persons re siden t in I t a ly or th e I ta l ia n possessions w ho proceed ab ro ad m ay, on their r e tu rn to I ta ly , in tro d u ce b a n k or t re a su ry no tes u p to a n a m o u n t n o t exceeding th e sum ex p o rted b y th e m on leaving I t a ly or th e I ta l ia n possessions, th e m ax im u m in a n y case being fixed a t 2,000 lire.

I t is laid dow n t h a t all persons proceeding ab ro ad shall prov ide th em se lves w ith a special fo rm on which they sha ll in d ica te th e to ta l a m o u n t of lire in b an k a n d tre a su ry no tes w hich th e y ta k e w ith th e m across th e frontier.

Such fo rm s are supplied free of charge an d can be easily o b ta in ed a t ra ilw ay t ic k e t offices, in t ra v e l and tourist agencies, a t hotels, e tc ., a n d also fro m th e fro n tie r a u th o rit ie s .

T h e forms, d u ly filled in , m u s t be p roduced to th e fro n tie r au th o rit ie s , a t th e sam e tim e as passports , for the necessary visa.

T h e form s th u s v isaed m u st be re ta in ed b y those concerned and m ay be used as d o cu m en ta ry evidence to facilitate th e n o rm al exchange of I ta l ia n cu rren cy a t an y fo reign bank .

I n th e case of I ta l ia n c itizens resid ing in I ta ly o r th e I ta l ia n possessions, t h e notes shall be. p ro d u ced to th e frontier a u th o r i t ie s on th e r e tu rn of th e trav e lle r to th e coun try , as evidence of th e a m o u n t in lire w hich he is b ring ing back with h im . T h is m eans t h a t I ta l ia n citizens re s id en t in I t a ly or th e I ta l ia n possessions are n o t en tit led to b rin g back with th e m from ab ro ad b a n k an d t re a su ry notes over an d above th e a m o u n t en te red on th e above-m en tioned forms.

T o enab le those proceeding ab ro ad t o t u r n p a r t of th e e x p o rte d lire to p ro fitab le account, th e y are pe rm itted to fill in , in p lace of th e usua l single fo rm , a nu m b er of form s in resp ec t of th e im p o r t of sep a ra te a m o u n ts w hich, taken to g e th e r , rep resen t th e to ta l sum in th e ir possession.

In such cases, th e y m u s t on th e ir r e tu rn produce to th e fro n tie r au th o rit ie s th e form s re la tin g to th e balance in th e i r possession.

I n th is connection , i t m a y be recalled t h a t th e p rovisions p rev iously en ac ted are still in force ; th ese provisions were to th e effect t h a t those p roceeding abroad are en ti t le d to ta k e w ith th e m I ta l ia n cu rren cy up to a n am ount not exceeding 2,000 lire in b an k -n o tes of n o t more t h a n 100 lire each an d in T rea su ry notes, to g e th e r w ith coin up to an a m o u n t n o t exceeding 50 lire a n d th e exchange necessary for th e ir s ta y ab ro ad , p rov ided a lw ays t h a t , in th e case of I ta l ia n citizens, th e said exchange is vouched for in th e m an n e r prescribed an d t h a t i t is accom panied by th e prescribed form , t o be filled in b y th e b an k s a n d agencies au th o rise d b y th e N a tio n a l In s t i tu te for Foreign T rade a n d to be produced to th e fro n tie r au tho rities .

(d ) T he special C onvention -with A ustria (closing of th e frontier) rem ains u n ch an g ed — i.e., a fro n tie r ta x of 1,000 RM. pe r pe rson h as to be p a id in o rder to e n te r th e c o u n try or pass th ro u g h i t b y motor-car.

(e) As regards H ungary, paym ent, m ay on ly be m ade on a gold basis— i.e., 1 pengô = 0.74 RM.

4. Rules for the Granting of Foreign Exchange to Tourists domiciled outside the Reich and travelling in Germany.

As regards cash im p o rted in to G erm any or ex p o rted there from , th e following provisions shall be applicable to persons p e rm an en tly dom icilied outside the Reich, irrespec tive of n a tio n a lity :

(1) On e n try in to G erm any, a n un lim ited q u a n ti ty of m eans of p a y m e n t and foreign cu rrency of all kinds (including R eichsbank notes) m ay be in troduced .

— 4 3 —

(2) In o rder to be ab le to ex p o r t freely on leav ing G erm any th e sum s w hich h ave n o t been spen t there, i t is

necessary on en te rr in g t h a t c o u n try to procure fro m th e G erm an C ustom s office a certificate indicating in each

currency th e q u a n ti t ie s of m eans of p a y m e n t carried . Subject to th is condition , R eichsm arks m ay be exported

up to th e to ta l a m o u n t im p o rted , e v en in R e ich sb an k notes. In such cases, th e s tr ic t provisions concerning persons p e rm an en tly dom iciled in G erm any do n o t apply.

(3) B alances of foreign exchange im p o rted in to G erm any a t th e tim e of entering t h a t country and subse­

quently converted in whole or in p a r t in to R eichsm arks m ay, on leaving Germ any, be converted into the original

currencies, on p ro d u c tio n of a certificate of conversion in to G erm an cu rrency issued by th e b an k w hich has changed

the money. In th e absence of such a certificate , th e reconversion of th e foreign currency is prohibited.

(4) On leaving G erm any , unutilised ba lances of sum s in R eichsm arks derived from th e cashing of cheques in

Register-marks or from blocked holdings m ay in no case be exported b u t m u st be paid in again to th e bank

concerned.

(c) R u l e s a p p l i c a b l e t o T o u r i s t T r a f f i c b e t w e e n G e r m a n y a n d S w i t z e r l a n d .

In order to m ain ta in as fa r as possible th e inflow of G erm an to u ris ts in to Sw itzerland, th e tw o S ta tes have concluded

a new provisional A greem en t applicable solely to O ctober an d N ovem ber 1935, under w hich such tourists will retain

their right to ob tain , over a n d above th e free l im it of 10 RM ., a sum n o t exceeding 500 RM. per head per m onth for

their expenses in Sw itzerland.

The g ran t of such foreign exchange is accom pan ied b y a n u m b er of form alities, an account of which m ay appro ­

priately be given to show th a t , a p a r t from th e obstacles placed in th e w ay of th e to u ris t traffic b y th e restrictions on

the granting of foreign exchange, th e form alities w i th w hich to u ris ts are requ ired to com ply also constitu te a serious

impediment to th e in te rn a tio n a l to u r is t traffic.

In consequence of th e conclusion of th is A greem ent, th e R eich Office for Foreign E xchange A dm inistra tion issued

an order to the following effect :*

The A greem ent sha ll n o t a p p ly to jou rneys u n d e r ta k e n for com m ercial purposes. Travellers are forbidden to

avail them selves of th e m ax im u m au thorised l im it of 50 RM . as regards th e ex p o rt of G erm an or foreign small change.

Means of p ay m en t for t rav e l purposes up to a n a m o u n t n o t exceeding 500 RM .— over and above the norm al free lim it

of 10 RM.— m ay be e x p o r te d to Sw itzerland u p to an d including D ecem ber 3rd. T he expression “ means of paym ent

for travel purposes ” shall be ta k e n to m ean : t rav e lle rs ’ le tte rs of cred it, trave lle rs ' cheques, Swiss postal travellers’

cheques, accrediting docum en ts , ho te l c red it vouchers an d c red it vouchers for th e collective tours of groups or societies.

Private persons tak in g p riv a te lodgings in Sw itzerland , w ho th u s h av e few opportun ities of using m eans of p ay m en t for

travel purposes, shall be au th o rised to o b ta in an e q u iv a len t a m o u n t in Swiss francs w ith o u t special au th o rity from the

Reich Office ; such funds shall be p laced a t th e i r d isposal th ro u g h th e G erm an Clearing F und . Means of paym en t for

travel purposes m ay be issued b y th e C en tra l E u ro p ea n T ravel B u reau (M itte l-E uropaisches Reisebtlro) and its agencies,

the official T ravel B u reau of th e F ed era l R ailw ays, th e s ta tio n exchange bu reaux of th e G erm an B ank of Commercial

Credits and all foreign exchange b an k s— in each case in accordance w ith th e usual practice of such institu tions. The

means of p a y m e n t o b ta in ed m u s t a lw ays rep resen t am oun ts in francs capab le of division or m ultiplication by five.

The date of exp iry of le tters of c redit, cheques and accred iting docum en ts shall be Decem ber 3rd a t th e latest. Hotel

vouchers and cred it vouchers for collective to u rs of groups or societies m ay be issued only in respect of holidays

terminating on D ecem ber 20 th a t th e latest.

The payment of le tte rs of credit, t rav e lle rs ’ cheques and accrediting docum ents in Sw itzerland shall be effected

as follows : th e trave lle r shall receive from th e Swiss P a y m e n ts Office (a) an im m edia te p ay m en t of 50 francs in cash ;

(b) as to th e balance, t rav e l vouchers enabling h im to purchase goods or services (purchase vouchers), together w ith a

limited am oun t of cash (cash vouchers). Such vouchers m ay be used only by th e person nam ed on the cover of the

book in which th e y are con ta ined an d shall be va lid only if de tached th ere fro m a t th e tim e of paym ent. The cash

vouchers shall each rep resen t a sum of 50 francs a n d purchase vouchers th e sum of 5 francs.Cash vouchers.— T h e trav e lle r shall be e n tit le d to th e p a y m e n t of a su m of 50 francs weekly in cash, including the

first paym ent of 50 francs ; th e second p ay m en t, how ever, m ay n o t be m ade before th e seven th day, the th ird not

befoie the fo u rteen th d ay an d th e fo u r th n o t before th e tw en ty -f irs t day. P a y m e n t m ay be ob tained from the accre­

dited Swiss offices or from hotels ; th e a m o u n t shall be e n te red in th e p assp o rt of th e person concerned. Should paym ent

not be obtained in cash , th e person concerned shall be e n tit le d to an equ iv a len t a m o u n t of goods.

1 These p a r tic u la rs are ta k e n from th e te x t of th e G erm an O rder in app lication of th e A greem ent w ith Switzerland published in th e Frankfurter Ze ilung of O ctober 1 i t h , 1935.

— 44

Purchase vouchers.— P urchase vouchers m ay be used on ly for pay ing th e bills of ho te ls an d k indred undertakings

garages an d filling sta tions, and for th e purchase of tick e ts for t rav e l b y ra il (in Sw itzerland only), on th e vessels of

th e Swiss sh ipp ing com panies or in th e m otor-coaches or m ail-carriers of th e Swiss posta l au tho rities . Travellers shall

also be e n tit le d to cash a t hotels such purchase vouchers as th e y m ay require for th e p a y m e n t of th e ir day-to-day

trave l expenses, doc tors ' bills, fees for ski lessons, guides an d sim ilar expenses. In such cases, hotels may, if they

desire, m ake o u t a second bill. Odd am oun ts represen ting th e difference be tw een th e to ta ls of bills an d trave l vouchers

h a n d ed over in p a y m e n t shall be pa id in cash , p rov ided alw ays t h a t th e sum s th u s m ade up shall n o t exceed 5 francs

The Swiss offices au thorised to accep t purchase vouchers shall see t h a t no de lay is caused o n th is account.

The p a y m e n t of trave lle rs ' le tte rs of cred it, trav e lle rs’ cheques a n d accrediting docum ents a t such offices shall

con tinue a f te r N ovem ber 30 th u p to and including Decem ber 3rd, 1935. Cash vouchers an d purchase vouchers issued

up to t h a t d a te shall be ta k e n in p a y m e n t even subsequently .

A m oun ts in francs in excess of 12 francs o b ta in ed b u t n o t used , to g e th e r w ith unused vouchers, sha ll be handed in

by trave lle rs , in r e tu rn for a receipt, a t one of th e accred ited offices, for th e accoun t of th e Swiss N ationa l Bank. The

equ iva len t a m o u n t in Reichsm arks, less postage, shall be sen t to th e trave lle r w ith in four weeks a f te r th e return of

th e Swiss cu rrency an d vouchers to th e office.

A part from th is sum of 12 francs, trave lle rs shall be en tit led to b ring b ack w ith th e m in to G erm any an amount

of sm all change n o t exceeding th e free l im it of 10 RM.

Persons desiring to p rolong th e ir s ta y in Sw itzerland beyond th e e n d of O ctober in to N ovem ber shall be authorised

to o b ta in th e necessary m eans of p a y m e n t for th is purpose before leaving Germ any, th e am o u n ts p rovided being duly

en te red in th e i r passports. The re m itta n c e of fu r th e r m eans of p a y m e n t shall n o t be au tho rised , th o u g h , in emergen­

cies, a u th o r i ty m ay be applied fo r to th e Foreign E xchange Office. Persons s tay in g a t Swiss h e a l th centres, etc.,

under official m edical certificates m ay, as h i th e r to , have am o u n ts n o t exceeding 700 RM . per person per m on th remitted

to th e m in Sw itzerland in respect of O ctober an d N ovem ber.

T he provisions of th e p resen t c ircular shall be app licab le only to trave lle rs who h ave n o t o b ta in ed means of

p a y m e n t for t rav e l for a period n o t exceeding th ree m o n th s in one calendar year. N evertheless, th e Fore ign Exchange

Offices shall be au th o rised to ex te n d th e p resen t provisions to a fu r th e r s ta y in Sw itzerland during October and

Novem ber, p rov ided t h a t th e y are satisfied t h a t th e trav e lle r is still regarded as a G erm an citizen en titled to obtain

foreign exchange a n d t h a t he is ex tend ing h is s ta y or pay ing a fu r th e r v is it to Sw itzerland for reasons of health . The

proposal shall be accom panied b y a certificate from a G erm an S ta te doctor. Should th e trav e lle r 's h e a lth make it

impossible fo r h im to procure such a certificate , a certificate from a Swiss doc to r shall be accepted as equivalent. The

Foreign E xchange Offices m ay g ra n t such au th o risa tio n s only w hen th e G erm an C om pensation F u n d has confirmed

th a t th e a m o u n t acqu ired in francs is available.

Persons who are them selves , or whose p a ren ts are, G erm an citizens en tit led to o b ta in foreign exchange and who

desire to a t te n d Swiss educa tiona l e stab lishm en ts or v ocational or techn ica l schools, or to s tu d y a t h igher educational

e stab lishm ents, m a y o b ta in a u th o r i ty to ex p o rt to Sw itzerland m eans of p a y m e n t n o t exceeding th e equivalent of

500 RM. per head per m o n th over and above th e free l im it of 10 RM . An a u th o risa tio n from th e Foreign Exchange

Office shall n o t be requ ired for th e consideration of app lications for m eans of p a y m e n t for t rav e l purposes falling within

th e te rm s of general rules.

(d) M a i n P r o v i s i o n s o f t h e A g r e e m e n t c o n c l u d e d i n J u n e 1935 b e t w e e n G e r m a n y a n d t h e

N e t h e r l a n d s w i t h a v i e w t o a l l o w i n g G e r m a n T o u r i s t s t o v i s i t t h e N e t h e r l a n d s .1

T his A greem en t was p u t in to force fo r th e period Ju n e 20 th to S ep tem ber 15th, 1935.

I t s p rincipal p rovisions m ay be sum m arised as follows :

T he G erm an G overnm en t au th o rised persons h a b itu a lly dom iciled in G erm any w ho w ish to m ake a s ta y in the

N etherlands or to spend a ho liday th e re to e x p o r t w ith th is object, over and above th e free l im it of 10 RM ., a lump sum of 500 RM . per person per calendar m o n th in th e fo rm of :

(a ) T rave lle rs’ le tte rs of c redit,

(b ) T rave lle rs’ cheques,

(c ) H o te l c red it vouchers,

(d ) C red it vouchers for collective t rav e l or of associations.

1 In fo rm atio n com m unica ted by th e Secretary-G eneral of th e In te rn a t io n a l U nion of Official Organs for the P ro m o tio n of th e T o u ris t Traffic a t T he H ague.

— 4 5 —

Nevertheless, th e to ta l m o n th ly a m o u n t of th e m eans of p a y m e n t m en tioned under (a ) and (b) m ust not exceed

20o D utch florins.The C entral E u ro p ean T rav e l B u reau (M itte l-E uropa isches Reisebüro) is co m p e ten t to issue th e above-m entioned

ns of p a y m e n t to touris ts . I t is p ro v id ed , how ever, t h a t th e following to ta l am o u n ts shall n o t be exceeded :

June 20th to Ju ly 31st : 400,000 florins ;A ugust 1st to S ep tem ber 15th : 500,000 florins.

If these am oun ts p rove insufficient, th e tw o G o v e rn m en ts h ave reserved for them selves th e possibility of increasing

them by 100,000 florins.The m eans of p a y m e n t issued to to u r is ts m u s t be m odified in th e to u r is ts ’ passports in order th a t th ey m ay be

m p lo y e d only for th e se ttle m e n t of trave lling expenses a n d th e expenses of sojourn. T he en try m ust m ention :

(a) T h e a m o u n t a n d n a tu re of t h e m eans of p a y m e n t ;

(b) T h e m o n th for w h ich th e y are requ ired ;

(c) T h e office of issue ;(d) T h e w ords “ T o u ris t Traffic w i th t h e N e th er lan d s ” .

On arrival in th e N e therlands , th e G erm an to u r is t in possession of these m eans of p a y m e n t m ay o b ta in from the

c o m p e t e n t N etherlands offices th e sum s necessary fo r th e se t t le m e n t of h is various item s of expenditu re, as follows :

A first in s ta lm en t o f a m ax im u m su m of 100 florins im m ed ia te ly ;A second in s ta lm en t n o t earlier t h a n th e s ix th d a y a f te r th e first in sta lm en t.

Rules for execu tion very sim ilar to th o se rep roduced above for th e A greem ent concluded betw een Germ any and

S w i tz e r la n d com plete a n d fu r th e r define t h e provisions of th e G erm an-N etherlands Agreem ent.Lastly, th e se ttlem en t of accounts be tw een th e tw o c o n tra c t in g p a rtie s is effected th ro u g h th e G erm an Clearing

Fund and th e N e th e rlan d s Clearing Office o u t of a special “ T o u ris t Traffic ” account.

— 4 6 —

a n n e x V.

N O T E ON T H E D IF F IC U L T IE S C O N N E C T E D W IT H T H E T R A N S F E R O F SUMS C L A IM E D B Y A CUSTOMS

A D M IN IS T R A T IO N IN T H E CASE O F N O N -D IS C H A R G E D T R IP T Y C H S .1

T he working of th e t r ip ty c h sys tem is based u p o n c o n tra c ts concluded be tw een th e au tom obile c lubs of th e different

countries, each autom obile c lub hav ing g u aran teed vis-à-vis i ts C ustom s a d m in is tra tio n th e p a y m e n t of an y Customs

d u tie s leviable on a vehicle im p o rted tem p o ra rily in to its co u n try under a t r ip ty c h or a C ustom s “ carnet de passages ”

W h en a m otor vehicle has been im p o rted u n d e r these c onditions an d h as n o t been re -exported w ith in th e stipulated

tim e-lim it, th e C ustom s a d m in is tra tio n claim s th e p a y m e n t of du ties from th e au tom obile c lub of i ts coun try . That

c lub is bound to p a y th e duties w ith in a com para tive ly sh o rt tim e, an d i t applies to th e corresponding club which

issued th e C ustom s p ap er to re im burse th e sum i t has advanced .

I t freq u en tly h appens t h a t th e foreign clubs, in countries in w h ich th e ex p o rt of cu rrency is regu la ted , cannot

re fu n d th e a m o u n t or can do so only a f te r considerable delay. I f th e re occur several cases of fa ilure to re-export

vehicles, th e g u a ran to r c lub finds itself under an ob liga tion to advance large sum s in a n u m b er of cases ; i t becomes as

i t were th e banker of th e corresponding clubs, a n d th e re are obviously lim its to its pow er of m ak ing such advances.

The In te rn a t io n a l Association of Recognised A utom obile Clubs h a s for th e p a s t tw o years been seeking a remedy

to a s itu a tio n w hich is d e tr im en ta l to th e w orking of th e t r ip ty c h sys tem — t h a t is to say, to to u r is t m otor traffic—

w hich is one of th e m ost active b ranches of to u ris t traffic. I t endeavoured to organise an in te r-c lub clearing fund,

b u t was obliged to relinguish th e a tte m p t , as th e big to u r is t im p o rtin g coun trie s—■ such as F rance and Switzerland,

for exam ple— are in v ar iab ly cred ito rs, w hile th e countries w ith restr ic tions are generally debtors .

T h e In te rn a t io n a l Association of Recognised A utom obile C lubs h as realised t h a t th e only rem ed y for th is situation

is to prevail upon countries w ith restric tions to m ake an excep tion for th e tran sfe r of sum s d em anded as Customs duties

b y a foreign Custom s adm in is tra tio n . I t has a lread y o b ta ined some m easure of success in G erm any, where the

a u thoritie s , a lth o u g h no decision of principle has been ta k e n in th e m a tte r , h ave a lw ays g ran ted exceptions for each

in d iv idua l case.

T he In te rn a t io n a l Association of R ecognised A utom obile Clubs v en tu re s to suggest to th e C om m ittee of Experts

on T o u ris t Traffic t h a t i t shou ld devo te a t te n t io n to th is som ew hat special question.

1 P re sen ted b y th e In te rn a t io n a l Association of R ecognised A utom obile Clubs.

— 47 —

A N N E X V I.

SY ST EM O F M IL E A G E T IC K E T S AS A P P L IE D IN SPA IN .

The Spanish ra ilw ay com panies issue, in th e fo rm of books of k ilom etric coupons, tick e ts w hich are strictly personal,

which are num bered, an d w hich c o n ta in th e nam e , address and ph o to g rap h of th e holder. W ith these coupons, t h e

h o lder can trave l a g iven nu m b er of k ilom etres on th e Span ish railw ays for a period w hich varies from three to twelve

months.The Spanish ra ilw ays a p p ly a special tariff (No. 109) to these ticke ts .

Under t h a t tariff, k ilom etric t ic k e ts (first, second or t h i r d class) of various series can be ob tained in th e sta tions.

The first series allows trav e l for 3,000 kilom etres, a n d is valid for th ree m o n th s ;

The second series allows tra v e l for 4,000 k ilom etres an d is valid for fou r m o n th s ;

The th i r d series allows t ra v e l for 5,000 k ilom etres, an d is valid for five m o n th s ;

The fo u r th series allows tra v e l for 6,000 k ilom etres, and is valid for six m o n th s ;

The fifth series allows trav e l for 8,000 k ilom etres, an d is valid for e ig h t m o n th s ;

The s ix th series allows t ra v e l for 10,000 k ilom etres, and is valid for te n m o n th s ;

The sev en th series allows trav e l for 12,000 kilom etres, and is valid for tw elve m onths.

All coupons are m ark ed w ith th e n u m b er of th e book con ta in ing th em . E ach is good for five kilometres (distances

under five k ilom etres are reckoned as five kilom etres) and each page of th e book conta ins fo rty coupons (representing

2oo kilometres).The officials a t th e s ta tio n s of d ep artu re d e ta c h th e n u m b er of coupons corresponding to th e distance to be travelled.

The kilom etric t ic k e ts m ay be used u n d e r conditions w h ich are clearly defined for trave l by several persons.

So far as price is concerned, such tick e ts give d is t in c t a d v a n ta g e s— for instance, a t p resent, a kilom etric ticke t of the

fifth series ( th a t is to say , 8,000 k ilom etres) costs 958.05 pese tas first class, 718.65 pesetas second class and 431.60

pesetas th ird class.

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