Survey of sugar intake among children in Scotland Survey materials Interviewer instructions

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Survey letters

UK Data Archive Study Number 6250 - Survey of Sugar Intake among Children in Scotland, 2006

P7015: Study of children’s diets in Scotland

INTERVIEWER PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS

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CONTENTS

1 BACKGROUND AND AIMS........................................................................................................ 4

2 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 5

3 THE SURVEY TEAM .................................................................................................................. 5

4 SUMMARY OF THE SURVEY DESIGN ..................................................................................... 6 4.1 Sampling.................................................................................................................................................. 6 4.2 The Interviewer Visit ................................................................................................................................ 6 4.3 Summary of Data Collected..................................................................................................................... 7 5 SURVEY MATERIALS................................................................................................................ 8

6 DEFINITIONS.............................................................................................................................. 8 6.1 Household................................................................................................................................................ 8 6.2 Main Food Provider (MFP) ...................................................................................................................... 8 7 YOUR SAMPLE .......................................................................................................................... 9 7.1 The sample .............................................................................................................................................. 9 7.2 Who to interview ...................................................................................................................................... 9 7.3 Address Record Forms (ARFs) ............................................................................................................. 12 8 INTRODUCING THE SURVEY ................................................................................................. 17 8.1 Notifying the Police ................................................................................................................................ 17 8.3 Doorstep Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 17 8.4 Tasks to be carried out .......................................................................................................................... 19 8.5 Allocation of 24-hour recall days for those respondents selected to do 24 hour recall ......................... 19 8.6 Introducing Height and Weight Measurements ..................................................................................... 20 9 THE FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE (FFQ) ............................................................... 20

10 THE CAPI QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................................................... 23 10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 23 10.2 Partial productive codes ........................................................................................................................ 23 10.3 The Structure of the Questionnaire ....................................................................................................... 23 10.4 Household grid....................................................................................................................................... 24 10.5 Main questionnaire ................................................................................................................................ 26 11 TWENTY FOUR HOUR RECALL.......................................................................................... 30 11.1 Background and aims............................................................................................................................... 30 11.2 The 24-hour recall method – overview ..................................................................................................... 30 11.3 24-hour recall documents .......................................................................................................................... 31 11.4 Collecting details from respondent’s food store ........................................................................................ 31 11.5 Obtaining the 24-hour recall ..................................................................................................................... 32 11.6 Description of food and drink.................................................................................................................... 32 11.7 Prompts and probing ................................................................................................................................ 33 11.8 Estimation of portion size ......................................................................................................................... 35 11.9 Place name............................................................................................................................................... 37 11.10 24 hour recall homework ........................................................................................................................ 37 12 INSTRUCTIONS FOR ADMINISTERING THE FOUR DAY FOOD DIARY .......................... 38

13 TOKEN OF APPRECIATION ................................................................................................ 41 13.1 Token of appreciation for completing the Food Frequency Questionnaire ............................................. 41 13.2 Token of appreciation for agreeing to complete the 4 day diary ............................................................... 41 14 RETURNING WORK TO THE OFFICE................................................................................. 41

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15 ANY PROBLEMS .................................................................................................................. 41

APPENDIX A: PROTOCOL FOR TAKING HEIGHT MEASUREMENT .......................................... 42

APPENDIX B: PROTOCOL FOR TAKING WEIGHT MEASURMENTS ......................................... 49

APPENDIX C: PRACTICE INTERVIEWS........................................................................................ 52

APPENDIX D: COMMONLY CONSUMED ADDITIONAL FOOD PROMPT SHEET ...................... 53

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1 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Scottish Diet Action Plan calls for the amount of non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) intake in children to be less than 10% of total energy intake. At present, no reliable information is collected which can be used to measure whether this target is being reached. The purpose of this study is to estimate the daily percentage of total energy derived from non-milk extrinsic sugar amongst children in Scotland in a way that is statistically valid and is within reasonable cost limits. It has been commissioned by the Food Standards Authority Scotland (FSAS). Non-milk extrinsic sugars are those sugars that are not naturally incorporated into the structure of food. These non-milk extrinsic sugars can be natural sugars as in fruit juice, unprocessed (as in honey) or refined as in table sugar. (Intrinsic sugars are those sugars that are naturally present in fruit, vegetables and grains which are locked into the cellular structure of food.) The specific aims of this study are to: • provide detailed quantitative information on the food and nutrient intakes, sources of

nutrients and nutritional status of children aged 3-16, • provide height and weight measurements • assess physical activity levels of the population under study; and • provide basic information on oral health status in relation to dietary intake and nutritional

status.

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2 OVERVIEW The key elements to the study are as follows: • self-completion of food frequency questionnaire sent in advance of interview and collected by

interviewer • face to face interview covering socio-demographic data; data on lifestyle and physical activity of

the child; and data on child’s dental health • taking of child’s physical measurements (height and weight) and for different sub-samples: • face to face interview with a sample of 400 to complete a recall of food eaten in the previous 24

hours (24 hour recall) • a sample of 200 will be asked to self complete a 4 day food and drink diary The sample will be drawn from children of recipients of Child Benefit and will comprise a random sample 2500 children across the whole of Scotland, aged between 3 and 16 years. This study is being carried out by a consortium of three organisations: • ScotCen (Scottish Centre for Social Research) • Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen • Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at King's College London (KCL) Please note that not all interviewers are being asked to conduct 24 hour recall interviews. If you are not conducting them please ignore references to 24 hour recall in these project instructions.

3 THE SURVEY TEAM The members of the Children’s diet in Scotland team comprise:

Scottish Centre Aberdeen University KCL Edinburgh Brentwood

Christine Sheehy Theresa Patterson Dr Geraldine McNeil Dr Michael Nelson Lisa Given Russell Collins Dr Leone Craig Caireen Roberts

Simon Anderson and the Blue team Dr Jennie Macdiarmid Dr Bridget Holmes Dr Lindsey Masson

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4 SUMMARY OF THE SURVEY DESIGN

4.1 Sampling

The sample selected will consist of around 2500 named children in 80 primary sampling units (PSUs), throughout Scotland including the larger island groupings. The adult claiming child benefit for the named child will be contacted regarding opt out and advance warning of the interview. For children under 12 years of age, an adult will be the main interviewee although older children within this age group will be asked to contribute to the interview. For this group the most appropriate adult respondent will be the ‘Main Food Provider’ (MFP) (see Section 6.2 for definition of Main Food Provider). For children aged 12 years and over, the children themselves will be asked to participate in the interview but in the presence of an adult. An adult will also be invited to complete the household grid and socio-demographic sections of the questionnaire. All child benefit recipients have been sent a letter from the HM Customs and Revenue, holders of Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) child benefit records, explaining what the study was about and giving them a chance to opt out if they wished. All those child benefit recipients not indicating that they want to opt out of the study have been sent a cover letter, informing them that an interviewer will be calling and asking them to spare a few minutes to answer some questions. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was sent along with the cover letter. The recipient has been asked to complete the questionnaire for the named child if the child is under 12 years of age. If the child is 12 and over, the letter asks for the child benefit recipient to pass the FFQ onto the named child to complete. The cover letter also explains that some people will be invited to take part in a longer interview (24 hour recall interview) or to complete a 4 day food diary. Fuller details of the sample are given in Section 7.

4.2 The Interviewer Visit

Interviewers make only one visit to the recipient’s address. The interviewer visit will cover: • Collection of the completed FFQ . • Questionnaire administration. Most of the interview will be an interviewer-administered CAPI

questionnaire carried out face-to-face. • the taking of physical measurements of standing height and weight, following a detailed

protocol. and for the two different sub-samples: • collection of dietary data for the previous day using the 24-hour recall method (see section 11) • placement of a 4 day food and drink diary (see section 12)

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4.3 Summary of Data Collected

The table below summarises the information to be collected.

Interviewer visit

CAPI questionnaire Respondent Collection of self-completed Food Frequency Questionnaire

Collect from MFP/Eligible adult if child is under 12 Child if 12 and over

Household information Main Food Provider (MFP)/Eligible adult Information on physical activity, dental health

MFP/ Eligible adult if child is under 12 Child if 12 and over

Collection of socio-demographic information Collect from MFP/Eligible adult Measurements

Height measurement Children of all ages Weight measurement Children of all ages Collection of dietary data (for two different sub-samples)

24 hour recall interview MFP/Eligible adult if child under 12

Child if 12 and over

Placement of 4 day food and drink diary MFP/Eligible adult if child under 12 Child if 12 and over

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5 SURVEY MATERIALS The following is a list of documents and equipment you will need for this survey. Before starting work, check that you have the following supplies. Document Colour Document Colour Sample related documents Other documents ARF Green/White Police letter White Nat Cen Leaflets White/Red Supplies Request Form Food Frequency Questionnaire (3 -11 years old) Purple Project instructions White

Food Frequency Questionnaire (12 years and over) Green

4 day food diary (3-11 year olds) Purple Incentives for those completing 4 day diary

4 day food diary (12 years and over) Green Interviewer documents Equipment etc Copies of the cover letter White Stadiometer 24 hour booklet White Scales

24 hour recall protocol Green Frankfort Plane Card White, laminated

24 hour recall prompt sheet White, laminated Envelopes Show Cards Green Freepost envelopes Measurement Record Card White Appointment cards Carbonised consent forms sub sample receiving 4 day diary Yellow/Pink/White Return of work envelopes

School menus Various

6 DEFINITIONS The following definitions are particularly important so you must familiarise yourself with them before you start interviewing.

6.1 Household

The standard definition of a household applies for this study. One person/group of people who have the address as their only or main residence. A group of people are classed as one household if they share at least one meal a day OR share living accommodation. Many households consist of either an individual living alone or one or two parents with their dependent child(ren). Other households consist of one or more adults, some elderly, with no dependent children. Also see page 63 of the Interviewers’ Manual for further information on establishing who is resident at the address and on dividing residents into households.

6.2 Main Food Provider (MFP)

The Main Food Provider (MFP) in this study is the person in the household with the main responsibility for shopping and preparing food for the child. If these tasks are equally shared

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between two people, for example if one person does all the shopping and another person does all the cooking then either resident can be classified as the MFP, but if possible information should be obtained from both of them. 6.3 Other Eligible Adult An eligible adult is:

(a) one of the following: a parent; someone who is caring for the child long-term; another close relative; and

(b) if the child is under 12, knows the child well enough to answer the questions about diet, physical activity and dental health.

6.4 Household reference person Household Reference Person (HRP) is defined as the householder (i.e. the person in whose name the property was owned or rented) with the highest income. If there is more than one householder and they have equal incomes, then the household reference person is the eldest.

7 YOUR SAMPLE

7.1 The sample

The sample for this study has been drawn from records of recipients of Child Benefit, with the help of the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP). A preliminary letter, signed by HM Revenue and Customs, holders of Child Benefit Records, has been sent to the child benefit recipient giving them the opportunity to opt out of the study. They can do this by calling a Freephone number or writing to a Freepost address. The sample selected consists of around 2500 named children within 80 different PSUs. After the opt out stage it is estimated that there will be around 2300 named children in the sample. You will have the names of about 30 child benefit recipients/children’s names in your pack.

7.2 Who to interview

Two respondents will be involved in some way in every interview: the child and an adult respondent. We discuss below (Section 7.2.1) exactly who the adult respondent should be. Where the named child named on the ARF is aged 3 to 11 years, their only direct involvement is being weighed and measured. All other information will be supplied by the adult respondent, but the child should be present in the home, not only for weighing and measuring but also to supply additional information (via the adult respondent) that the adult may not know, or has forgotten. Where the child is aged 12 years or over, the adult respondent will still supply information directly for certain parts of the CAPI interview (on household information and socio-demographics). For the remainder of the interview (both CAPI and, where relevant, the 24-hour recall), questions should be directed to the child, after obtaining parental consent. However, the adult respondent should normally remain present as well, as she/he will often be able to supply information that the child does not know or is unsure about. The adult must be present in the room if the child is aged 12. Children aged 12 and over will have been asked to complete the Food Frequency Questionnaire. In situations where a child is 12 and over and is present but is unable to complete the FFQ or respond to the interview (in whole or in part), accept adult responses.

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7.2.1 Selecting the adult respondent The adult respondent should ideally be the main food provider (MFP) for the named child in the sample. The MFP should be the adult who is most involved with preparing and feeding the child. (See definition in Section 6.2) This may or may not be the recipient who was named on the sample from the DWP and who received the opt out and cover letter. You may conduct the Main Food Provider (MFP) parts of the interview with another eligible adult if the MFP is not – and will not – be available (see section 6.3 for definition of other eligible adult), and this eligible adult is able to answer the relevant parts of the CAPI questionnaire and (where relevant, and the child is aged 11 or under) the 24-hour recall.

If the child is aged 11 or under and a 24-hour recall is required, and this other eligible adult is able to answer the CAPI questionnaire but not the 24-hour recall, do the CAPI questionnaire with the other eligible adult, and abandon the 24-hour recall. 7.2.2 Interviewing children: consent and adult presence For all children under 16 you must get permission from the child’s parent(s) before you interview the child. Please ask the parent to read and sign the consent form. If a child is not living with his/her natural or adoptive parent, permission should be obtained from the person(s) in the household who is in loco parentis for that child on a permanent/long-term basis. For example, a foster parent or a grandparent who is bringing the child up instead of the parents. Such a person should never be used as a substitute if the natural or adopted parent is a member of the child's household. If the parent(s) are temporarily away from home and will be throughout your fieldwork period (for example, abroad on business or on an extended holiday without the children) and have left them in the care of a close relative, then if that relative feels they can give permission for a child to be interviewed, this is acceptable. A non-relative must never be taken as the person in loco parentis in this type of situation. The parent or “guardian” of a child must be present in the home at the time you carry out the interview. For children aged 12 and under the parent/guardian must be in the same room during the interview. This protects both the child and yourself. For children aged 13-15 years, the parent/guardian must be at home and aware that you are carrying out the interview and, as mentioned above, should normally be in the same room so that they can supply additional information. Although a parent/guardian need not necessarily be present when you conduct an interview with a 16 year old it is advisable that they are at home and are aware that you are carrying out the interview. If there is any disagreement between parents, or between parent and child, in respect of willingness to co-operate in the survey, you should respect the wishes of the non-co-operating person. Obviously, you may not always know if both parents agree or disagree as you may not see them together. But if the disagreement is brought to your attention, then the above rule applies. 7.2.3 Proxy interviews You should not complete interviews by proxy except as specified in Section 7.2.1.

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7.2.4 Procedure if the Main Food Provider/other eligible adult does not speak English or has other communication difficulties: Below is a flowchart which outlines the protocol for interviewing respondents who do not speak English or who have other communication difficulties.

If a person is unable to complete the interview in person and no translator/communicator (as specified above) is available then use the appropriate code (e.g. language difficulties, physical or mental incapacity).

Yes Conduct interview with help of translator/communicator

Yes Re-issue to interviewer who can

speak language

No Is a child (12+) available as translator/communicator?

Yes Conduct interview with help of child translator/communicator

No Can an adult

translator/communicator be available at some other time?

Yes Conduct interview with help of adult translator/communicator

No Abandon interview

No Can it be re-issued?

Is there an adult translator in the house?

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7.2.5 Making appointments All appointments should be made when MFP and child can both be present. If an appointment is made with both the MFP and the child and when you arrive to carry out interview, the child is not present, you should try to make another appointment for a time when both are present. If you reach a point when you think that it may not be possible to get an interview with both MFP and child present then carry out interview as follows:

If the named child is under 12 - do CAPI interview and 24-hour recall with MFP/eligible adult. Call back for measurements. If the named child is 12 years or over and the child is not present – abandon interview

7.3 Address Record Forms (ARFs)

You will receive a pre-labelled ARF for each of the child benefit recipients and named child in your sample. Each of these ARFs should be completed immediately after you have finished work for the child to whom it relates. The completed ARFs should be sent back to the Blue Team in Brentwood. Never return ARFs and the completed Food Frequency Questionnaires in the same envelope. 7.3.1 Address label The Address Label at the top left hand side of the ARF gives, in addition to the full address, a five-digit serial number plus a check letter. It is made up of:

• two digits for the sample point • one digit for the age group of the child (1-2) • two digits for the respondent number (1-40) • a check letter.

Make sure that when you open a CAPI questionnaire you select the correct serial number. Always check that you have copied the serial number accurately onto all documents relating to that child including the 24 hour recall and 4 day food and drink diary if applicable. CHECK LETTER SERIAL POINT NO. NO.

ADDRESS

Serial:101-01/D Point: 101 11 ADELAIDE CRESCENT KILLIN PERTHSHIRE PT23 1HH

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7.3.2 Information label The information label (see example below) on the right hand side of the front page of the ARF should be used to ensure that you have contacted the correct child benefit recipient; the Food Frequency Questionnaire has been completed for the correct child and, the subsequent interview is completed for the correct child. SERIAL No. CHECK LETTER NAME OF CHILD AGE GROUP OF CHILD

NAME OF CHILD BENEFIT RECIPIENT INDICATES SELECTED TO COMPLETE 4 DAY DIARY INDICATES SELECTED FOR 24 HOUR RECALL The information label also indicates whether the respondent has been selected to either:

complete a 24 hour recall interview (a single asterisk) or be invited to complete a four day food and drink diary (two asterisks)

No respondent will be asked to complete a 24 hour recall and a four day food diary. Further information on selection procedures is provided in the next section. 7.4 Completing the ARF Final outcome

Insert the final outcome code once the ARF has been completed

The outcome code can be inserted on the top right of the front page of the ARF when you have completed all your tasks for that named recipient. The codes are described later in this section. In the middle of the form please insert the name of the adult who is eligible and has agreed to be interviewed. This may be the main food provider or another eligible adult. Also record the telephone number/s in case you have to check anything with them after the interview. Visits record (bottom half of front page of the ARF and top half of page 2) Keep a full record of all the visits you make to an address - include abortive visits as well as productive ones. Any notes about what happened at each call should be made in the notes box. Label the notes with the call number. If you make any telephone calls to the child benefit recipient these should be recorded on the bottom half of page 2.

Serial: 101-01/D Point:101 Donald SMITH M 3-11 years Jane SMITH * ** Grid Ref: 384276/802514

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SECTION A (Page 3 of ARF) These questions guide you through the process of establishing whether named child lives at this address and if not how to proceed. Please follow the routing instructions carefully. A1 - You first need to establish whether the named child is living at this address. If the answer is Yes proceed to C1 on page 5 and record whether a successful interview is conducted. Note that Office Refusals get coded in A1. This code (410) is only used when a decision not to participate in the survey is communicated directly to the National Centre before the initial interviewer contact. If the office refusal comes after you have made contact then this should be coded as a refusal at the appropriate point on the ARF. If the named child has died this is coded as 700 and the ARF is returned to the office. A2 - Unable to establish whether named child is living at address: these are cases where you are unable to ascertain whether the named child lives at this address, for example, where the address is inaccessible or you are unable to locate an address. You should only code an address as unknown eligibility as a last resort when you have done everything possible to establish whether the child benefit recipient is resident i.e. made more than four calls to the address.

620 Inaccessible Include remote areas temporarily inaccessible due to weather conditions or other causes.

630 Unable to locate address Only use this code as a last resort. You must contact the office before using this code. You need to code whether you were unable to locate the address due to an insufficient address or if the address was not traced. 651 Refusal as to whether named child resident If information is refused as to whether named child lives at this address.

652 Unknown if child benefit recipient is resident Use this code if it is unknown whether the child benefit recipient is resident. No contact after 4+ calls.

653 Use this code if you know that the child benefit recipient is resident but you have been able to make any contact after 4+ calls A3 – Children not living at given address – follow ups If the named child is not living at the given address then try to obtain a follow up address. If a follow up address is obtained in the same area (defined as in the same postcode sector or within 5 mile radius of given address) and you will be able to follow up child yourself then proceed to B1.

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If follow up address is not within same area then use one of the following codes and return ARF to office: 681 A follow up address is found within Scotland but not within interviewer’s area 684 A follow up address is found but it is outside Scotland so outwith the study. If no follow up address can be found then use one of the codes below: 682 Use this code if no follow up address can be found 720 No follow up address is obtained as given address is demolished or derelict

730 No follow up address is obtained as given address is vacant/empty housing unit

740 No follow up address is obtained as given address is a non-residential address A4 - If routed to this question then record the full reasons for not being able to obtain a follow up address and for using the code. SECTION B (Page 4 on the ARF) Follow up Use this section to record all follow up attempts to locate where child is living and outcomes B1 Record the first follow up address of the named child and telephone number. B2 If the named child is living at the first follow up address, record this at B2 (A) and go on to Section C to complete final outcome. If the child is not living at the first follow up address, go on to B4 to complete details for the second follow up address as in A3 If it is not possible to find out whether the child is living at this address (Don’t know) go on to B3 to record why this was not possible as in A2. SECTION C (Page 5 on the ARF) Final Outcomes Use this section to record the final outcomes for the named child and to record details of return of Food Frequency Questionnaire Section C1

Record here the final outcomes of interviews.

Code 110 applies if you obtained a full interview with the MFP/other eligible adult (for 3-11 year olds only).

Code 111 applies if you obtained a full interview with the MFP/other eligible adult and a child aged 12-16 years old.

Code 112 applies if you obtained a successful interview with a child aged 12-16 but not the MFP/other eligible adult.

Code 210 Partial productive interview with 24 hour recall (have to reach twenfouc in programme)

Code 211 Partial productive standard/main interview and interviews with diary placement (have to reach agebrush in programme)

Code 710 applies if the child is ineligible. This outcome has to be agreed with the office.

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If there was no successful interview go on to Section D to determine an unproductive outcome code.

Section C2

This section records how the Food Frequency Questionnaire is being returned to Brentwood. The preferred option is for you to collect the completed FFQ at the time of the interview and to post it back to the office. It is expected that you will do minimal checks on the completed FFQ while with the respondent (See Section 9).

If the FFQ has not been completed, ask the respondent to complete the questionnaire and return it directly back to Brentwood. A FREEPOST, A4 return envelope is given to respondent to send the FFQ back. Code as C2(3) if the respondents says they have already returned the questionnaire.

If the FFQ is not or not likely to be completed, please record why this is at C2 (4).

SECTION D (PAGE 6 ON THE ARF) Unproductive outcomes

Code 310 Have established that the named child is resident but have had no contact with anyone at the address after 4+ contacts.

Code 330 Have established that the named child is resident and have made contact at address but not with any responsible resident

Code 340 Have established that the named child is resident and have made contact at address but not with Main Food Provider (MFP) or other eligible resident.

Code 420 Have established that the named child is resident but complete refusal of information about occupants of address

Code 431 Refusal by MFP/other eligible adult before interview

Code 433 Refusal by child aged 12-16 to take part

Code 434 Proxy refusal on behalf of child aged 12-16

Code 432 Proxy refusal on behalf of MFP/eligible adult

Code 440 MFP/eligible adult refused during interview Code 450 applies if you had a broken appointment and there is no re-contact with the respondent

Code 510 applies where the MFP/eligible adult is ill at home during the whole fieldwork period.

Code 520 applies where the MFP/eligible adult is away or in hospital during the whole fieldwork period.

Code 530 applies where the MFP/eligible adult physical or mental condition prevents interview.

Code 540 is for language difficulties.

Code 599 Other unproductive

Record any further details about the unproductive codes in Section D2. Section D3 asks for your view on whether you think that if another interviewer called in 2-3 weeks whether they would get an interview.

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SECTION E (Page 7 of the ARF) Interviewer observations of address This information is now collected as standard on all NatCen surveys. It is critical that this section is completed BEFORE making contact at the address. Consent forms The last page of the ARF comprises of two consent forms. The first is consent to interview a child aged 12 and over. If the child is 16 then either the child or their parent/guardian can sign the consent form. Make sure the person signing the form reads the form and both prints and sign their name. The second consent form is consent to take height and weight measurements. This consent is needed for all children under 16 years of age. If the child is 16 then either the child themselves or their parent/guardian can sign the consent form.

8 INTRODUCING THE SURVEY

8.1 Notifying the Police

You, as the interviewer, are responsible for notifying the police in your area about the work you will be undertaking on this survey. You will be given a project specific letter for this purpose. Before you start any work hand this letter in at the police station in your area together with a copy of the cover letter. You will be given two copies of the police letter, leave one at the station and keep one yourself. Request more copies of the letter if you need to register at more than one station. 8.2 Cover letters A letter, printed on Aberdeen University, Kings College and ScotCen headed paper, describing the purpose of the study will be sent to all sampled recipients a several days in advance of fieldwork. The letter briefly describes that you will be calling and asks the recipients to spare a few minutes to complete the Food Frequency Questionnaire and return it to you when you call. The letter also states that you will also ask them some additional questions on the child’s dental health and physical activity. In addition, some people will be invited to take part in a longer interview or complete a 4 day food diary. There are copies of the cover letter in your workpack to use as a reminder.

8.3 Doorstep Introduction

The general rule is keep your initial introduction short, simple, clear and to the point. The way the survey is introduced is vital to obtaining co-operation. Before you go out into the field make sure you know about your survey. Keep your explanation as short as possible – saying as little as you can get away with.

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Show your identity card Say who you are Say who you work for

Say that you are carrying out an ‘important Government survey about the eating habits of

children living in Scotland.’

Only elaborate if you need to. Introduce one new idea at a time. Do not give a full explanation right away - you will not have learned what is most likely to convince that particular person to take part. The interview and 24-hour recalls are themselves very important, and we want them even if we do not get any measurements for a person. Our experience on the Scottish Health Survey has shown that nearly everyone is willing to proceed from one stage of the survey to the next. But they may not have agreed to co-operate in the first place if they had been told about all the stages at the beginning. Your initial task is to get the recipient or other eligible adult/child involved so that they feel happy to continue through to the end. Occasionally you may feel that mentioning the measurements is likely to encourage a particular MFP/eligible adult to respond. In which case, you may of course do so.

What you might mention when introducing the survey

• It is a national (Government) survey (on behalf of the Food Standards Agency Scotland).

• It is an extremely important survey.

• It will provide the government with accurate and up-to-date information on the eating habits of children in Scotland.

• The information is available to all political parties.

• The information will be needed by whichever government is in office.

• Results will be published.

• To get an accurate picture, we must talk to all the sorts of families who make up the population - those with varied and unvaried diets, and those who like the current government's policies and those who do not.

• Each person/child selected to take part in the survey is vital to the success of the survey. Their name has been selected - not the child next door. No-one else can be substituted for them.

• No-one outside the research team will know who has been interviewed, or will be able to identify an individual's results.

• The government only gets a statistical summary of everyone's answers.

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8.4 Tasks to be carried out

The tasks to be carried out at your visit are as follows:

Task

i. Collect completed FFQ

ii. Household grid

iii. Administer CAPI questionnaire

iv. Complete the 24-hour recall (sub-sample only)

v. Measure respondent's height and weight, entering data onto the laptop.

vi. Placement of 4 day diary ( sub-sample only)

8.5 Allocation of 24-hour recall days for those respondents selected to do 24 hour recall

A sub-sample of respondents will be asked to complete the 24 hour recall interview. Half of the PSUs (40) have been selected to include 24 hour recall interviews. Between 10 and 11 respondents in each of these sampling points will be asked to do a 24 hour recall. The MFP or eligible adult will do this if the child is under 12 years of age. For children 12 and over the interview will be conducted with the child themselves. The interview will ask about what the child has eaten and drunk over the previous 24-hour period. If the interview is conducted on a Tuesday, the 24 hour recall would be for the 24 hours from Sunday midnight until 12 midnight on the Monday. Over the whole survey the aim is to get the 24 hour recalls spread of interviews over the seven days of the week. Ideally we would like five of the 24 recalls to cover weekdays for every two 24 hour recalls on a week end day. For the two 24 hour weekend recalls we would like one to be conducted for a Saturday and one for a Sunday. Of the 10 or 11 respondents in each of the selected PSUs, we would ideally like the spread of 24 hour recalls over the days of the week and weekends to be:

7 weekday recalls and 3 weekend recalls

And for the weekend 24 hour recalls we would like at least:

one to cover the 24 hours on Saturday and one to cover the 24 hours on Sunday

i.e. interviews to be conducted on the Sunday and Monday. Although it is important to get a spread of interviews over the whole week we do not want to lose an interview because the respondent will not do it on the desired day of the week. Therefore some judgement must be used in deciding whether you can push for the desired day of the week or getting the interview to be completed at all.

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8.6 Introducing Height and Weight Measurements

The relationship between general build and health is of great interest to the FSA. This is particularly so, as both the height and the weight of the population appear to have been changing very rapidly over the last two decades. These changes reflect the changes in the population's diet and lifestyle. Explain that it will only take a very short time to do and that no one will be asked to undress. The respondent can have a record of their measurements but if they would prefer not to have them written down, then this is okay. Introduce the height and weight measurements after you’ve carried out the 24-hour recall. Do not turn up with your stadiometer and scales. Leave your car somewhere where you can retrieve these. You will not require them until the end of the interview and they can look very off-putting.

9 THE FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE (FFQ) The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) collects information on what food the child/young person eats or drinks in a typical week. The FFQ was sent out to all child benefit recipients in the sample except for those who have opted out of the study. In the cover letter, sent with the FFQ, recipients were asked to complete the questionnaire and full instructions were given to help them do this. They were also informed that the questionnaire would be collected when the interviewer called to conduct the other elements of the interview. There are two versions of the FFQ: Version 1: for children aged 3-11 years old (Purple) and to be completed by the Main Food Provider or other eligible adult. Version 2: for children aged 12 -16 years old (Green) and to be completed by the child themselves 9.1 Checking completed FFQs On the top right hand side of the FFQ there is an information label. This label gives the serial number, name and gender of child, day and month of birth of the child etc. (Day and month of birth) Gender If the FFQ has been completed in advance please check with the respondent that it has been completed by the child named on the label which will match the name of the child on the ARF. If this is correct then check that the FFQ has been completed correctly. Box 1 outlines the checks to be made to the completed questionnaire. Please carry out the checks of the FFQ at the time you pick it up from the respondent even if you are not carrying out the remainder of the interview at that time. If possible use a different colour pen to the one used by the respondent to complete the responses you make when checking the FFQ with

Serial No:101-01/D Point:101 DONALD SMITH M 2304 3-11

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the respondent. Initial the FFQ to indicate you have checked that the responses are complete. If the FFQ has been completed satisfactorily, thank the respondent and proceed with the CAPI interview. 9.2 FFQ partially or not completed If the FFQ has only been partially completed or not completed at all, ask the respondent if they are willing to complete it and post it back to the office. If they agree to do this, leave them a FREEPOST envelope to return the FFQ as soon as possible to Brentwood. 9.3 Lost or mislaid FFQs If the FFQ has been lost or mislaid, ask the respondent if they are willing to complete another. If they agree to do this, leave them another copy of the appropriate FFQ and a FREEPOST envelope to post it back to the office. Remember to enter the respondent’s serial number on the label on the replacement FFQ. Ask the respondent to return the FFQ as soon as possible. 9.4 Recording fate of FFQ Record on the ARF (Section C2) whether the FFQ is being returned by you to the office (1) or is expected to be returned by the respondent in the FREEPOST envelope (2). If the respondent says they have already returned the FFQ record this as (3). If the respondent refuses or is unable to return the FFQ please record this at (4) stating why the FFQ will not be returned.

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Box 1: Checking the Food Frequency Questionnaire

University

Checking the complQuestio

ALWAYS check the completion of the FFQ on

only take 5 minutes. This is important, as you m

Please check the following points:

1. Questions 1-16: check there is an answe

• if there is no tick on a line ask the subje

the ‘rarely or never’ box must be ticked)

• if there is more than one tick on a line as

2. Question 17 (‘other foods’): check if ther

• A full description of the food (e.g. button

• An amount consumed (e.g. 2 tablespoon

• One box ticked for frequency of consum

If no foods have been added this question c

3. Question 18 (‘Brand details’): check thspreads and oils (see question 18 for an

• If this question is blank, double check if

• If the subject is unsure about the produ

in the space available.

4. Question 19 (‘Dietary supplements’): chstrength and an amount consumed per w

• If this question is blank double check if a

Once you have checked the com

the back of the FFQ to co

of Aberdeen

eted Food Frequency nnaires

your first visit when you collect the FFQ. This will

ay not be able to contact the person again.

r on every line of the questionnaire

ct the answer. (If the food is eaten rarely or never

k the subject for one answer.

e have been any foods added

mushrooms fried in pure vegetable oil)

s)

ption

an be ignored.

ere is a full brand name provided for both example)

these products are consumed by the child.

ct used or the product varies note these answers

eck there is a full brand name(s) and that the eek are specified.

ny supplements are taken by the child.

pleteness of the FFQ please initial nfirm it has been checked.

2

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10 THE CAPI QUESTIONNAIRE

10.1 Introduction

Please make sure you look through the questionnaire very carefully, making sure you are familiar with it before you go out to start interviewing. Practice serial numbers are included here in the project instructions so you can run through the interview a few times before you start work. Interviewer instructions appear on the screen in capital letters, but further information about some questions are given below. You also have a set of Laptop Instructions and instructions on the new CAPI menu system. These are to help you use the laptop and the CAPI program. Please read them. If you have mislaid your copy, request a new set from Brentwood.

10.2 Partial productive codes

An interview will be treated as a partial productive interview if the following questions are answered: Non-24 hour recall interview - AgeBrush 24 hour recall interview - TwenFouC

10.3 The Structure of the Questionnaire

The questionnaire is divided into a number of sections. The questionnaire outline is shown in order below, and the intended respondent(s) for each are indicated in the appropriate age column.

The content of the questionnaire is covered in detail in the rest of this section.

Sections 3-11 year olds 12-16 year olds

Household grid MFP/other eligible adult MFP/other eligible adult

Physical activity MFP/other eligible adult about child

Child

Dental Health MFP/other eligible adult about child

Child

24 hour recall (sub-sample of respondents)

MFP/other eligible adult about child

Child (with adults help if necessary)

Measurements Child & MFP/other eligible adult

Child

Classification MFP/other eligible adult MFP/other eligible adult

Four day food diary (sub-sample of respondents)

MFP/other eligible adult about child

Child (with adults help if necessary)

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10.4 Household grid

This part of the questionnaire establishes basic information about the composition and structure of the household. Make every effort to complete the grid correctly from the start. In particular, check: - that you have not omitted any household member - that you have not included anyone who is not really a member of the household - that you have the correct date of birth/age for everyone, as much of the subsequent filtering

depends on this We recommend that household members are entered roughly in age order. The details of parents should always be entered before you enter those of children. Before you leave the grid, make sure that you are happy with the information in it. Person numbers Person numbers are allocated automatically by the program. The Person Number that each individual in the household ends up with is important as it ensures that each person in the household is uniquely identified. Name You only need to use first names (the name that they are normally known by) and not surnames on the grids. If someone does not want to give you their first name, enter their initials instead (but first names are preferable if possible). Sex, DoB, Age The date of birth is an important piece of information. We will be using this information to check that the correct child has completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Please make every effort to enter the correct date of birth in the household questionnaire. If a DoB is not known, enter “don't know”. Marital The aim is to obtain the legal marital status, irrespective of any de facto arrangement such as a couple living together (this is established in another question called Couple). The only qualification to this aim is that you should not probe the answer “separated”. Should a respondent query the term, explain that it covers any person whose spouse is living elsewhere because of estrangement (whether the separation is legal or not). A person whose spouse has been working away from home for over six months, for example on a contract overseas or in the armed forces, should still be coded as ‘married and living with husband/wife’ if the separation is not permanent. Relationships between household members It is important to always ask this question about every household member, even though the relationships might seem obvious. You should never make assumptions about any relationship. Note that a distinction is made on the card between natural, adoptive, and foster children / siblings. This is because it is important to establish blood relationships between household members which are of interest when analysing data on health conditions. You need to be aware that this may be sensitive information in some households, and that is why we have a showcard for this question. If possible, try to avoid children looking over their parents' shoulders when they answer this question. Treat relatives of cohabiting members of the household as though the cohabiting couple were married, unless the couple is a same-sex couple. That is, the mother of a partner is coded as ‘mother-

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in-law’. For same-sex cohabiting couples, the mother of a partner should be coded as ‘other non-relative’. ‘Other relatives’ include cousins, nieces, nephews, aunts and uncles. If you have doubts about any relationship, record as much information as possible in a note. HiHNum At this question you will establish the Highest Income Householder, which is then used to determine the Household Reference Person (HRP). If there is more than one Householder and they have equal income, then the Household Reference Person is the eldest. Details about income and employment will be collected either in person or by proxy for the Household Reference Person near the end of the questionnaire. If there is only one Householder (established at HHldr) they are automatically the HRP. Adding or deleting household members While you are filling in the household grid you can make any changes you like. It sometimes happens, however, that you only discover later in the interview that you have been given incorrect information for the grid. Once you have left the grid and gone into the rest of the Household Questionnaire, there are restrictions on the changes that you can do to the grid. To change the people in the household grid, go to the question SizeConf, which asks you to confirm the number of people in the household. There are 3 codes - 1 ‘Yes’ (household grid members are correct); 2 ‘No - more people’; 3 ‘No - fewer people’. * Adding a household member: Select code 2 ‘No - more people’ at SizeConf. This takes you

back to the last More question in the household grid. Change this from ‘no’ to ‘yes’, and continue by completing details of the person you wish to add to the grid.

* Deleting a household member from the grid: Select code 3 ‘No - fewer people’ at SizeConf.

This takes you to a new screen, which displays the people you have entered in the grid so far. You then select the person who you wish to delete from the grid.

Once you have deleted the person, other household members get ‘moved up’ the grid to fill

the person number originally allocated to the person you have deleted. Warnings will be displayed if you try to delete someone you have coded as Household

Reference Person or as responsible for answering the Household Questionnaire. If you made an error in entering the person you originally coded as Household Reference Person (and you want to delete them from the grid), you will need to go back through the questionnaire and identify the correct Household Reference Person

If you discover that the person answering the Household Questionnaire was not really a

member of the household, you will need to go back through the Household Questionnaire asking the questions of a household member (HRP or spouse).

Other information in the grid (e.g. marital status) can be changed at any point if you should

later discover an error.

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10.5 Main questionnaire

Once you have completed the Household grid, you will carry out the main questionnaire.

If the named child is under 12 years the interview will be carried out with the Main Food Provider or other eligible adult (See Section 6) although the child should be present.

If the child is 12 or over the questions are addressed to the child directly although an adult should be in the house.

Classification questions will be addressed to the MFP or other eligible adult in all cases regardless of the age of the child.

The rules for seeking permission to interview children are set out in Section 7.2.2. Child physical activity (PhysC) The module aims to get a general picture of the child’s level of physical activity. As elsewhere in the questionnaire, questions for 3-11 year olds will be directed to the adult whilst 12-16 year olds will be interviewed in their own right. Note that the time period referred to in the child physical activity module is the LAST WEEK. This means the seven days prior to the interview date. For children who are at school, activities that are done as part of school lessons should NOT be counted at any of these questions. Activities done on school premises, but not as part of school lessons (e.g. after school clubs, things done during lunch break) SHOULD be included. For pre-school children, activities done at any nursery or playgroup the child attends SHOULD be included. DWESp/DWEAct/DSitWE At these questions we are asking for the time spent per day on Saturday/Sunday of the last week. If the child only did an activity on the Saturday or the Sunday (but not both), then the question asks about time spent on the relevant day only. WkSpor/WkActH/WkSitH At these questions, enter the amount of time spent doing the activity on EACH weekday. Take an average if the amount of time varied from day to day. TVWeek, TVWkEnd These questions have been added because we are interested in measuring physical in-activity as well as activity. The question asks how much time the child spends “sitting watching television” so they should not count time spent watching an exercise video (providing they are actually exercising too!), and they should not include time spent watching TV while ironing or doing other light housework. Dental health FalseT - Dentist A few questions about the respondent's teeth. If the child has false teeth only, they will get filtered out of the remainder of this section.

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Note that capped teeth should not be counted as false teeth. ‘Total protection toothpaste’ counts as fluoride toothpaste. At the question where children are asked when they first went to the dentist, the following guidelines may help: Age Likely activity Less than one 2-3 years mother and toddler 3-4 years playgroup 4-5 years nursery 5+ years primary school Height & Weight The height and weight measurements are detailed in the protocol (Appendix A and B). Classification SrcInc If the respondent is the HOUSEHOLD REFERENCE PERSON or their SPOUSE/PARTNER they are asked for the sources of income for both of them. However, if the respondent is neither the HRP nor their partner they are asked about their own income only. Don’t include income sources for other adults in the household. JntInc This first income question asks for the income, BEFORE deductions for income tax, NI etc. If the respondent is the HRP or their spouse or partner they are asked about combined income. However, if the respondent is neither the HRP nor their partner they are asked about their own income only. Don’t include any income of other household members at this question. If the respondent only knows the NET income, probe for an estimate of the income before deductions. If they can’t estimate gross income, code the amount of the net income, and explain this in a CAPI remark (Ctrl M). HHInc At this question we want the TOTAL income of the household, i.e. including any income of other household members, as well as the household reference person and spouse/partner. Occupation details of Household Reference Person (HRP) Please note: • if the adult answering the questionnaire is the Household Reference Person they answer

questions about their own occupation. However if the person answering is not the HRP you should ask the respondent for details about the HRPs occupation and not their own.

This set of questions deals with what the Household Reference Person was doing in the seven days ending on the Sunday preceding the interview. If the HRP’s occupational status has changed since that date, we are interested in the reference week only, even though the temptation is to talk about what the respondent is doing currently.

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Order of responses: Note the order of the responses - if a respondent is doing more than one of these activities at the same time, you should code the one which comes nearest the top of the list. Thus, being a student takes precedence over all other activities, as long as the respondent is a full-time student. People studying part-time should be coded according to their main activity. Those on vacation should be counted as being in full-time education if they are planning to return at the next opportunity (ie are not taking a year out). If return depends on exam results, assume that they get the results and code them as ‘going to school or college full-time’. Paid work: It should be left to the respondent to decide whether or not (s)he is in ‘paid work’, but it must be paid work to count. ‘Paid work’ at this question means any work for pay or profit done in the reference week. It is to be included, however little time is spent on it, so long as it is paid. Temporarily sick or on leave: Someone who was temporarily sick or on leave from a job in the reference week should still be coded as in paid work. Longer-term absences are a little more complicated. If the total absence from work (from the last day of work to the reference week) has exceeded six months, then a person is classed as in paid work only if full or partial pay has been received by the worker during the absence, and they expect to return to work for the same employer (i.e. a job is available for them). Maternity leave: If the respondent is a mother on maternity leave, with a job to go back to, this should be coded as in paid work (but temporarily away). Career breaks: In some organisations, employees are able to take a career break for a specified period and are guaranteed employment at the end of that period. If a respondent is currently on a career break, (s)he should be coded as being in paid work only if there is an arrangement between the employer and employee that there will be employment for the employee at the end of the break. This is not dependent on his/her receiving payment from the employer during the break. Leave it up to the respondent to define whether or not (s)he has a job to go back to. Seasonal employment: In some industries/geographical areas (e.g. agriculture, seaside resorts), there is a substantial difference in the level of employment from one season to the next. Between ‘seasons’, respondents in such industries should not be coded as being in paid work. (However, note that the odd week of sick leave during the working season would be treated like any other worker’s occasional absence, and coded as being in paid work.) Casual work: If a respondent works casually for an employer, but has not worked for them during the reference week, (s)he should be coded as not being in paid work, even if (s)he expects to do further work for the employer in the future. Unpaid work: Respondents should be coded as ‘doing unpaid work for a business that you/a relative owns’ if their work contributes directly to a business, firm or professional practice owned by themselves and/or relatives, but who receive no pay or profits. Unpaid voluntary work done for charity etc, should not be included here.

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Training schemes: People on Government Training Schemes may count themselves as being in paid work, but they should be coded as ‘on a Government scheme for employment training’. The main schemes which are running at the moment are Youth Training and Training for Work (used to be called Employment Training or Employment Action). Looking for paid work or a Government training scheme: ‘Looking for paid work or a Government training scheme’ may cover a wide range of activities, and you should not try to interpret the phrase for the respondent. Those looking for a place on a government scheme should only be coded as such if the search is active rather than passive. In other words, a respondent who has not approached an agency but who would consider a place if an agency approached her/him, should not be coded as looking for a scheme. Intending to look for work but prevented by temporary sickness or injury: ‘Intending to look for work but prevented by temporary sickness or injury’ should only be used if the sickness/injury has lasted for less than 28 days. If it has lasted longer than this, code as ‘doing something else’. Permanently unable to work because of long-term sickness or disability: ‘Permanently unable to work because of long-term sickness or disability’ should only be used for men under 65 and women under 60. Those older than this should be coded as ‘retired’, ‘looking after the home or family’ or ‘doing something else’, as appropriate. Retired: ‘Retired’ should only be used for people who retired from employment at around retirement age, or who were permanently sick prior to reaching retirement age. At HFtPtime, let the respondent decide whether the job is full-time or part-time. Unusually for National Centre surveys, we are not defining it for them in terms of the number of hours worked in a week. At HNEmplee, we are interested in the size of the ‘local unit of the establishment’ at which the respondent works in terms of total number of employees. The ‘local unit’ is considered to be the geographical location where the job is mainly carried out. Normally this will consist of a single building, part of a building, or at the largest a self-contained group of buildings. It is the total number of employees at the respondent’s workplace that we are interested in, not just the number employed within the particular section or department in which (s)he works. If a respondent works from a central depot or office (e.g. a service engineer) base, the answer is the number of people who work at or from the central location. Note that many people who work ‘from home’ have a base office or depot that they communicate with. It may even be true of some people who work ‘at home’ (eg telecommuter who retains a desk or some minimal presence in an office). If it doubt, accept the respondent’s view of whether or not there is a wider establishment outside the home that they belong to for work purposes. EducEnd & TopQua03 These questions ask about the education of the main food provider and the household reference person. Etnicl This question asks about the ethnicity of the Main Food Provider and the selected child.

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11 TWENTY FOUR HOUR RECALL

11.1 Background and aims

The 24-hour recall method is a way of assessing food consumption. Respondents are asked to recall all items they ate or drank on the previous day (midnight to midnight). The average time for a 24-hour recall interview is 20-25 minutes.

11.2 The 24-hour recall method – overview

The 24-hour recall method being used is the ‘triple pass’ method which means information is collected in the following three phases:

Following the Protocol document In order to standardise the 24-hour recall method, you need to follow the protocol. This is a separate document called Protocol for the Completion of a Food Consumption Record: Individual 24-hour recall. This provides full details to enable you to carry out the recall, including exactly what to say, the order in which the recall should be carried out, the information you need to collect and when to refer to other materials such as prompt cards. It is very important that the protocol is followed at every interview, even when you feel confident with the method.

1. A quick list of foods eaten or drunk. Respondents are asked to report everything that they had to eat or drink on the previous day between midnight and midnight. This recall session is not interrupted. At the end of the recall, respondents are invited to add any additional items not initially recalled. 2. Collection of detailed information concerning the items in the quick list. For each item of food or drink, respondents are asked to provide additional detail. a) The time at which the food or drink was consumed. b) A full description of the food or drink, including brand name where available. c) Any foods likely to be eaten in combination e.g. milk in coffee d) Recipes and other combinations of foods e.g. sandwiches e) The quantity consumed, based on household measures, photographs of

different portion sizes of foods or weights. f) Any leftovers or second helpings. 3. A recall review in which respondents are given an opportunity to

provide additional information and for the interviewer to prompt for information about foods or drink not mentioned.

The interviewer reviews all the food eaten and drunk in chronological order, prompts for any additional eating or drinking occasions or foods/drink possibly consumed and clarifies any ambiguities regarding type of food eaten or portion size. Finally the interviewer asks the respondent to name the place where each food or drink item was consumed. All of the information gathered is recorded by the interviewer on the record sheet in the booklet called Food Consumption Record: Individual 24-hour recall.

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The 24-hour questions – collection of additional information at the end of the recall When the 24-hr recall has been completed, respondents are asked questions regarding drinking water and dietary supplements (this includes vitamin, mineral and sports supplements). If they have taken any dietary supplements, you need to record the name and brand directly from the container e.g. Superdrug Multivitamins and zinc. In addition, if the strength of the supplement is specified on the front of the container, you need to record this e.g. Boots Vitamin C 500mg. ‘Nutritionally complete’ supplements, which tend to be used as meal replacements e.g. Slimfast, Ensure, should be recorded on the record sheet. Respondents are also asked whether or not the day recalled was typical of their usual food consumption, or if it was unusual or restricted in any way and if so for what reason. The interviewer feedback questionnaire Finally, there is an interviewer feedback questionnaire to be filled in by you as soon as possible after the 24-hour recall interview. It is very important, as it gives an indication of how complete or accurate you feel the information given by the respondent is.

11.3 24-hour recall documents

You will need the following for the 24-hour recall: - Food consumption record: individual 24-hour recall - Food Atlas (including ‘spoons’ pictures) - A4 Showcards - Protocol** - Food Description Prompt Sheet for Interviewers**

11.4 Collecting details from respondent’s food store

Before starting the 24-hour recall, you will need to make notes on a few commonly consumed items that respondents will have in their food store. These are bread, milk, spread, oil or other fat used for cooking and concentrated fruit juice/squash. You should ask the respondent or parent/carer to show you these items from their food store and then copy down, on the inside cover of the 24-hour recall booklet, full details of the product, in terms of name, brand name and specific type (where appropriate) e.g. “I can’t believe it’s not butter” 70% vegetable fat spread or Tesco’s High Juice, no added sugar, blackcurrant and apple. This information can then be referred to during the recall. For example, if the respondent says they had milk on their cereal, you can ask, “Was that the milk you showed me earlier?” If they say yes, you need to confirm the details you have collected by saying ““The milk you specified earlier was fresh semi-skimmed – is that what you had on your cereal?” Then you can record ‘milk, usual’ on the recall. If it is not the respondent’s usual milk (often the case if it is drunk outside the home), you must probe as normal, using the prompt sheet where necessary. In addition to the five food items mentioned above, you may wish to see other items from the respondents food store to identify exactly what has been consumed, or respondents may offer to show you items from their food store. Make a note during the recall so that you can collect all the information at the end rather than disrupting the interview to go into the kitchen repeatedly.

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11.5 Obtaining the 24-hour recall

Recalls with children A parent/carer should be present at the 24-hour recall. With very young children (age 3- 5), the parent/carer will provide all the information. With slightly older children (between 5 and 12) the majority of the information given will still come from the parent/carer, with the child perhaps making some additions. With older children (12 years and over), they themselves may be very knowledgeable about their own diets and able to provide much of the information required. In the instructions that follow, different sections are directed at the age groups specified above. The ages should not be stuck to strictly, they merely define the amount of information that the child provides as set out above. At the beginning of the interview it is important to establish expectations regarding the degree of participation of the parent/carer. Based on your assessment of the child’s capabilities (probably largely related to age) you either ask the child to provide you with the majority of the information and the parent/carer to fill in the gaps or vice versa. Where the child is old enough, you should seek his/her agreement with statements or additions made by the parent/carer. There will be occasions when the parent/carer is unable to provide sufficient information e.g. young children have eaten at a friend’s or relative’s house. If you feel there are gaps in the recall, please make a note of this in your feedback. Be wary of young children (12 years and younger) estimating the amount they had to eat. They invariably overestimate. Confirm portion sizes with the parent/carer especially when using the food atlas.

11.6 Description of food and drink

In general the following information is required:

This is not a comprehensive list, but offers a guide as to the type of information required.

BOX 2 • What type of food or drink was it? • How was it bought? – fresh, canned, frozen, dehydrated etc? • Was it homemade – if so – what were the ingredients? • • How was it cooked – boiled, poached, fried etc? • If it was cooked in fat, fat was used in pastry or cakes or any other dish, or if

any fat was added to e.g. a sandwich or baked potato, what sort of fat or oil was used?

• If it was a dried / dehydrated product e.g. hot chocolate was it reconstituted using water, milk (specify type e.g. skimmed, semi-skimmed, whole) or both? etc

• Was the item coated before cooking? E.g. flour, batter, egg, breadcrumbs • Was it unsweetened, or sweetened with sugar or artificial sweeteners e.g.

Candarel? • Was it low or reduced fat / low or reduced calorie? • Was the item smoked or not e.g. ham, bacon etc.

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11.7 Prompts and probing

All of the information is collected with a series of neutral prompts to encourage recall. You should ask neutral questions which do not encourage a specific response. So, for individual foods, you should not say specifically “was that boiled or fried?” but “how was that cooked? For additional foods, you should not presuppose consumption of foods in specific combinations, for example you should say, “what else did you have with that?” rather than “did you have butter on your potatoes?” However, where initial neutral prompts do not lead to further information it may be necessary to list a series of specific options e.g. “was that boiled, fried, roasted, grilled etc?” Always list the options. Where foods come in different varieties e.g. low fat, low calorie, caffeine free etc, always refer to the “standard” variety first as well as the low fat/low calorie variety i.e. “so was that standard or diet coke?” Food Description Prompt Sheet for Interviewers For many foods, there is a certain amount of detail that should be collected in addition to that specified in Box 2 on the previous page. These foods can be found on the separate Food Description Prompt Sheet for Interviewers. The foods are arranged in alphabetical order along with the information that is required. Commonly Consumed Additional Food Prompts Included in the Food Description Prompt Sheet for Interviewers is a table called Commonly Consumed Additional Food Prompts. This lists foods frequently eaten in combination with other foods e.g. sugar on cereal, butter on potatoes, jam on toast. Use this list to probe for foods that a respondent may forget. Evidence of probing Recording on the record sheet where you have probed helps clear up ambiguities that may arise when it comes to coding a particular food or drink. • If a respondent does NOT eat something typically eaten in combination with another food or

they break their usual eating habit e.g. they have toast, but no spread, record “no spread” on the recall to indicate that you have probed for that food.

• For foods where low fat or low calorie varieties are available as well as “standard” versions e.g. yoghurts, soft drinks etc, if the respondent has the “standard” version, record “standard” on the recall to show that you have probed for the different types.

School meals When collecting information about children’s school lunch, initially follow the same procedures as for any other meal. However, if a child eats a dish that is a recipe, it is important to confirm the exact recipe name of the dish. Young children will not always call a dish by its correct name e.g. cottage pie may be called shepherd’s pie. If it is an unusual dish please collect as many details about the dish as possible for example ‘pigs in blankets’ are. In addition, young children, where the parent/eligible adult usually recalls the food eaten, may find it difficult to remember some, if not most, of what they had to eat at school and how much. To help with this, we have provided you with the menus for the state schools (primary and, where possible,

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secondary schools as well) in your area. These are not available for all areas. The school menus operate on a 4/5/6 week cycle so for example, areas operating on a five week sample, meals are provided as in the menus for four weeks and in the fifth week the cycle begins again , week one menu will be provided and so on. If the child is at a state school it should be possible, using these menus, to confirm with the child which foods she/he had. It should be noted that in some areas different schools may be in different stages of the menu cycle so not all schools in an area will necessarily be providing the same meals on the same day. CR How will interviewers know which week to show the child? In some areas school meals do not operate on this basis. If this is the case and in also cases where the child attends a private school, you will need to contact the school directly on the same day or day after the interview in order to obtain menu information for the day being recalled. After obtaining information from the school, any additional prompting of the child for school meals should be done as soon after the 24 hour recall as possible. The prompting can be done with the child/parent over the telephone rather than as an extra visit. If the child still cannot remember or you are concerned about the accuracy of the detail recalled, mention this in your feedback questionnaire Recipes For homemade dishes, for example beef stew, you should write ‘beef stew, recipe [number]’ against this entry under food description on the record sheet. Then, by asking the person who prepared the dish, you need to record the following information on the recipe sheets,:

• List of ingredients Record details about the ingredients in the same way you would if the food was eaten on its own. For example, if tomatoes were used, were they fresh or tinned. If oil was used, what type? If meat, what animal and what cut? Probe for ingredients they might have forgotten e.g. water, oil, herbs, spices

• Amounts of ingredients including water if used This can be in household measures, weights or using photographs in the food atlas (see Estimation of Portion Size)

• Cooking method and cooking time Record some brief information on how the dish was prepared and cooked. This can sometimes elicit extra or forgotten detail. So if the respondent says they fried something, remember to ask if it was in oil and the type used. If they stewed or boiled a dish, remember to ask about how much water they used. If they mashed a potato, did they use any milk or spread?

Regional foods This is similar to collecting information on foods eaten at school as a respondent may eat a regional food or use a local term for a food that others might not be familiar with e.g. stovies, empire biscuits. Please ask the respondent for a description that will help clearly identify the food especially if the food can be prepared in a variety of ways, as is the case for stovies. Ethnic foods When collecting information about ethnic foods it is important to obtain as much information about a food/recipe that is ‘unusual’. It is important to check the spelling of the names of ethnic foods as many have unusual spellings and/or alternative names. For example, okra (a vegetable grown in South America, West Indies and India; used in soups and stews) is also called lady’s finger; ‘moong’ beans are also spelt ‘mung’ beans. Therefore, you should ask for packets or containers (if available) to check the spelling if you or the respondent are not sure.

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Composite dishes and drinks When a food is composed of several different foods e.g. a sandwich or a salad these should be recorded separately. For example, a sandwich would be split into bread, spread and filling. The individual components and the amount of each component should be recorded on a separate line under ‘description of food or drink’ on the record sheet. Drinks that you should split and record separately are:

• hot drinks that are made up with like coffee, tea, hot chocolate, ovaltine • concentrated drinks that are diluted with water such as fruit squash • milkshakes that are made up with water or milk

Canned/non-canned foods For the following foods and beverages, please remember to ask the respondent whether the product consumed was canned or not: • Alcoholic drinks • Fruit juice and soft drinks • Fruit • Soup • Meat/Fish e.g. tuna, ham

Food and drink consumed over a long period of time The respondent may eat or drink something over an extended period of time such as sipping a litre of water throughout the day, or a few glasses of wine over an evening. If it is too difficult to separate specific amounts consumed at specific times, you can record the time period and the amount consumed over that period e.g. 13:00 – 16:00, ½ litre of bottled water. Brand names Where possible, you need to ask the respondent for the brand name of foods they have consumed e.g. Heinz baked beans, Kellogg’s Cornflakes etc. If the respondent does not remember at first request, you may be able to get this information if the items are in their food store e.g. cupboard or fridge. This should be left until the end of the recall. Avoid repeatedly interrupting the recall by asking the respondent to go into the kitchen.

11.8 Estimation of portion size

At the beginning of the interview the respondent is introduced to the process involved in the 24-hour recall and told that they will be asked to provide details of what they have eaten, and to give an estimate of the amount that they ate (portion size). A portion size can be described in terms of:

• photographs in the food atlas • household measures (e.g. one level teaspoon of sugar, 1 kit kat (2 sticks) • weights (e.g. a 420g tin of baked beans, 125 g pot of yoghurt)

For the older children the photographs in the food atlas provide the most accurate estimate of portion size and should be used whenever possible. However, very young children find the photographs in the food atlas difficult to use because they have difficulty conceptualising portion sizes and household measures or packages should be used as an alternative. Remember to confirm portion sizes with the parent/carer. If the respondent has packaging with a weight on, ask to see the package as this will help with identification of the precise type of food and the size. Do NOT let respondents guess weights and do not try to guess weights yourself.

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Over-reporting and under-reporting Mis-reporting is common when assessing the diet of individuals. It takes two forms: under-reporting (where respondents report less than they have actually consumed) and over-reporting (where respondents report more than they have actually consumed). Under-reporting is particularly common in overweight and female respondents and is one of the reasons why we use the triple pass 24 hour recall protocol which allows several opportunities to prompt respondents about what they consumed. Over-reporting is more common in children, specifically in relation to portion sizes when they are asked to quantify what they have eaten. Always confirm quantities with a parent/carer when interviewing children. Use of food atlas The Photographic Food Atlas contains 78 sets of photographs of portion sizes of a wide range of foods. It also provides additional guide photographs for other foods that come in defined portion sizes e.g. bread rolls and also photographs of a variety of household measures e.g. mugs, glasses etc. Some of the photographs show the food in more than one form e.g. Cheddar cheese on page 24 – a slice, square and grated pile of cheese are present on each plate. The slice, square and grated pile of cheese each have the same weight so the respondent still only needs to select one photograph. For the Yorkshire pudding on page 12 – the total weight of the two individual round puddings in each photograph is equal to the weight of the rectangular slice of Yorkshire pudding. The respondent is asked to select the photograph in the food atlas which most closely resembles the amount that they ate. To help the respondent select the most appropriate photograph there is a full size photograph of the plates and bowl that were used in the photographs. This can be found in the front inside flap of the food atlas. The appropriate photograph of the plate or bowl should be visible while the respondent makes their selection. Not all foods appear in the atlas, particularly those eaten by people from ethnic groups, so you will need to use household measures instead. Volumes in glasses WHEN A RESPONDENT IS DESCRIBING THE AMOUNT THEY HAD TO DRINK, YOU SHOULD USE THE PHOTOGRAPHS OF GLASSES, CUPS AND MUGS ON PAGE G19 OF THE FOOD ATLAS. WHEN A RESPONDENT PICKS A PHOTOGRAPH OF A GLASS IT IS IMPORTANT TO ASK HOW FULL THE GLASS WAS. FOR EXAMPLE, IF A RESPONDENT SAID THEY HAD LEMONADE IN GLASS H, YOU NEED TO ASK IF THAT WAS A FULL GLASS (I.E. UP TO THE LINE MARKED ON THE GLASS) AND IF NOT, WAS IT ½ FULL ETC. Spoon size If a respondent describes the amount they had to eat in spoonfuls, it is important to determine the size of the spoon. Often respondents will say they used a tablespoon when what they actually used was a dessertspoon. To clarify the size of the spoon you should show the respondent the picture of a life size tablespoon, dessertspoon and teaspoon. DO NOT use the photographs on page G20 of the food atlas. They are not life-size and cause confusion for many respondents. Equivalent foods As mentioned before, the atlas cannot be used for every food but, as it is a more accurate estimate of portion size than household measures, it should be used whenever possible. It may also be used for equivalent foods, that is a food of sufficiently similar shape and/or consistency. For example the photograph of meat curry with sauce on page 72 can be used for any type of meat, chicken or fish

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curry with sauce. Similarly the photographs of tins at the back of the book can be used for other tinned foods. In the front of the food atlas you will find a list of ‘equivalent foods’ which tells you other foods for which you can use the photos in the food atlas. You should NOT use the photographs of one type of food to represent another unless it is on the equivalent foods list. For example, you would not use the photographs of fruit cake on page 8 for sponge cake (similarly, you would not use the photographs of sponge cake on page 11 for fruit cake). Leftovers After the respondent has selected a photograph it is important to remember to ask them whether they ate the whole portion. If not, it is necessary to find out what proportion was left and enter that in the ‘leftovers’ column. Again, amounts can be estimated using the food atlas, household measures or weights. Second helpings Second servings should be recorded in the following way. Record food or drink on a separate line of the record sheet under ‘Description of food or drink’ (in order to be able to see that it was a second helping) with the portion size (using the food atlas or household measures or weight) of the second helping recorded in the ‘amount’ column.

11.9 Place name

Finally, the respondent is given a card (CARD D1) and asked to select a place name for each eating and drinking occasion. In some cases, it is important to ascertain the source of food, as well as the place. For example, the place “Home” appears on the card three times (options A-C), but each time, the source of the food or drink is different: A) Home, from their own food supply B) Home, a take-away brought in e.g. fish and chips C) Home, other food brought in that was free e.g. a family member bringing round a cake. When respondents are selecting a place name they should pick the place first. Only if there is more than one option for that place name, should they then pick a source.

11.10 24 hour recall homework

Before conducting twenty hour recalls you are asked to complete a homework recall and send this back to King’s College for checking. You should not complete start your 24 hour recalls with respondents until you have received feedback on this homework. Further details of the homework etc will be provided at the briefing.

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12 INSTRUCTIONS FOR ADMINISTERING THE FOUR DAY FOOD DIARY A sub-sample of respondents is being invited to complete a 4 day food and drink diary. Respondents are asked to keep a record of all they eat over a four day period including at least one weekend day. Your task is to ask the respondent if they are willing to complete the diary and, if they are, to give them a few key instructions as to how to complete and return it. (These instructions are detailed on the two next pages). You do not have to go back and collect the diary, the respondent sends the diary back in a freepost envelope to Brentwood. Respondents who agree to complete and return the diary are being given a £10 High Street voucher as an incentive. Note that this incentive is unconditional and they are given the voucher if they agree to complete the diary not when they return it. As with the FFQ there are two versions of the diary:

Version 1: children 3-11 years (purple), Version 2: children 12 years and over (green)

For children under 12 an adult, usually the main food provider (MFP), will be asked to complete the 4 day diary with help from the child as appropriate. Children over 12 will be asked to complete the diary themselves. If the respondent agrees to complete the 4 day diary ask them to sign the carbonised consent form (top cover yellow). The consent form allows ScotCen to pass on the respondent’s contact details to our colleagues in Aberdeen University who developed the diary and will be analysing the results. The Aberdeen researchers may want to phone up respondents if the diary has not been returned or contact them about missing information etc. This consent form should be signed by a parent/guardian although children aged 16 can sign the consent form themselves. There is also a space to give additional details which might help the researchers contact respondents e.g. likely times they may be available, whether they are going on holiday etc. The consent form is in three parts: the top two copies, yellow and pink should be returned to Brentwood along with the ARF. The third copy, white should be given to the respondent. The two copies of the consent sheet should be sent back with the ARF, preferably attached with a paper clip but not stapled to the ARF. On the same sheet as the consent form there is also a receipt for the respondent to sign to confirm that they have received the £10 voucher. When handing over the diary please complete the label on the back cover of the diary with the respondent’s serial number.

When you give the food and drink dkey points that you need to explain. Remember the diaries are colour code

1. The diary should be completed fo

This needs to include 3 week days consecutive days starting on a Sundalong as there are 3 week days and 1 w

2. The diary should include ALL food

including snacks, and food and drin

3. Go through the example on page

a. There is no need to weigh foods

amount of food and drink consume show the pictures in the diary an

they can use the weights or volu

they can use household measure

b. Write down the following details ab the brand name of the food or d

the way the food was cooked (

the type of fat or oil used for co

the type and brand name of sp whether the food or drink was lo the type and brand name of br record anything left over at the

it is important to write down ever

4. After completing the diary return tdays have been (it may not have been

5. Show them the free phone numbeany questions, and the freepost envel

Food and Drink Diary

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iary to the person who will be completing it, there are some

d: PURPLE = Children (3-11yrs) GREEN = Young People (12-16 yrs)

r 4 days:

and 1 weekend day. This can be achieved by filling it in for 4

y or a Wednesday. It does not have to be 4 consecutive days as

eekend day.

and drinks (including water) consumed throughout the day,

k consumed away from the home.

4-5 of how to fill in the diary, highlighting:

or drinks, but explain the different ways of describing the d (see examples in green): d example for amounts (starting page 22)

mes printed on packets and bottles

s (e.g. tablespoons, teaspoons)

out every food or drink consumed (see examples in red): rink (e.g. Bird’s Eye, Kellogg’s)

e.g. fried, grilled, boiled)

oking (e.g. sunflower, lard)

read (butter or margarine) used (e.g. low fat flora)

w or reduced fat, low or reduced sugar, diet or regular ead (e.g. white, wholemeal, granary, Hovis, Kingsmill)

end of the meal (see page 5: bread crusts)

ything at the time of eating rather than from memory later

o page 1 and answer the questions about how typical these

typical e.g. child ill, party, holidays, birthday).

r and names in the front cover that they can call if they have

ope in which to return the diary.

Show them the instructions are on page 2 of the diary (BUT don’t assume they will read them!)

An example of a completed food diary – see the instructions for completing the diary

Time Description of Food or Drink

Amount AmOv

8.30 am Kellogg’s Cornflakes Picture 1

Full-fat milk ¼ Pint

10.30 am Can of regular Coke 330ml can ½ c

Orange chocolate club biscuit 1 biscuit

12.30 pm Cheese Sandwich :

Medium sliced white Hovis bread 2 slices Cru

Spread with Flora Buttery Picture 7a x 2

Cheddar Cheese 3 x Picture 8

Robinsons no added sugar orange diluting juice Glass B

3 pm Blackcurrant Fruit Shoot 200ml bottle

Packet of Skips 1 packet (19g)

6pm Bird’s Eye Fish fingers in breadcrumbs - grilled 2

McCains oven chips – oven cooked 1½ x Picture 12

Heinz Baked Beans 2 tablespoons

Strawberry fruit corner yoghurt 1 tub (175g)

1 Dairy Milk chocolate bar Picture on cover 3 p

Brand name

The way it was cooked

Brand of spread

Type of drink

Brand and type of bread

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13 TOKEN OF APPRECIATION

13.1 Token of appreciation for completing the Food Frequency Questionnaire

All child benefit recipients will have received a High Street token along with their cover letter and FFQ. An experiment on the effect of the size of incentives has been incorporated into this study. Half of the sample has received a voucher to the value of £1 and the other half a voucher to the value of £5. It would be better if you did not mention that different incentives have been provided. No additional incentives/tokens of appreciation are being offered to those taking part in the 24 hour recall interview.

13.2 Token of appreciation for agreeing to complete the 4 day diary

Those who are invited to complete a four day diary are being offered an unconditional £10 incentive. This is given in the form of a high street voucher. Recipients of the incentive are asked to sign a receipt. The respondent keeps the top copy of the receipt (yellow), the other copies of the receipt (pink and white copies) should be returned to Brentwood.

14 RETURNING WORK TO THE OFFICE Before returning your work, check that you have completed everything you have to do at an address and have all the documents you should have and that they are properly serial numbered and so on. Questionnaire data will be transferred back to the office via the modem. See your ‘Welcome to Blaise 4 Windows’ document for full procedures. For those interviewers carrying out 24 hour recall interviews, remember you need to return the completed 24 hour recall homework and receive the feedback on it from King’s College before starting on the 24 hour recalls interviews in your sample. The Food Frequency Questionnaires collected by you should also be returned to Brentwood. Please refer to your CAPI menu system User Guide for further information.

15 ANY PROBLEMS If you have any problems about the survey generally, or with the questionnaires, contact any of the research team at the Scottish Centre :

Christine Sheehy, 0131 221 2556 Lisa Given, 0131 221 2555

If you have a problem with your fieldwork, equipment or supplies, talk to your Area Manager or contact the Blue team in Brentwood on 01277 200600. If you have questions regarding any aspect of the 24 hour recall, please call the nutrition team at King’s College, London on 0207 848 3919. This is an answering machine service where you can leave a message at anytime and a member of the team will get back to you as soon as possible.

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APPENDIX A: PROTOCOL FOR TAKING HEIGHT MEASUREMENT A. THE EQUIPMENT You are provided with a portable stadiometer. It is a collapsible device with a sliding head plate, a base plate and three connecting rods marked with a measuring scale. Please take great care of this equipment. It is delicate and expensive. Particular care needs to be paid when assembling and dismantling the stadiometer and when repacking it in the box provided. • Do not bend the head or base plate • Do not bend the rods • Do not drop it and be careful not to knock the corners of the rods or base plate pin • Assemble and dismantle the stadiometer slowly and carefully The stadiometer will be sent to you in a special cardboard box. Always store the stadiometer in the box when it is not in use and always pack the stadiometer carefully in the box whenever you are sending it on by courier. Inside the box with the stadiometer is a special bag that you should use for carrying the stadiometer around when you are out on assignment. The rods

There are three rods marked with a measuring scale divided into centimetres and then further subdivided into millimetres. (If you are not familiar with the metric system note that there are ten millimetres in a centimetre and that one hundred centimetres make a metre). The rods are made of aluminium and you must avoid putting any kind of pressure on them which could cause them to bend. Be very careful not to damage the corners of the rods as this will prevent them from fitting together properly and will lead to a loss of accuracy in the measurements. The base plate

Be careful not damage the corners of the base plate as this could lead to a loss of accuracy in the measurements. Protruding from the base plate (see diagram overleaf) is a pin onto which you attach the rods in order to assemble the stadiometer. Damage to the corners of this pin may mean that the rods do not stand at the correct angle to the base plate when the stadiometer is assembled and the measurements could be affected. The head plate

There are two parts to the head plate; the blade and the cuff. The blade is the part that rests on the respondent's head while the measurement is taken and the cuff is the part of the head plate that slips over the measurement rods and slides up and down the rods. The whole unit is made of plastic and will snap if subject to excessive pressure. Grasp the head plate by the cuff whenever you are moving the headplate up or down the rods, this will prevent any unnecessary pressure being applied to the blade which may cause it to break.

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Assembling the stadiometer You will receive your stadiometer with the three rods banded together and the head plate attached to the pin so that the blade lies flat against on the base plate. Do not remove the head plate from this pin. Note that the pin on the base plate and the rods are numbered to guide you through the stages of assembly. (There is also a number engraved onto the side of the rods, this is the serial number of the stadiometer). The stages are as follows: 1. Lie the base plate flat on the floor area where you are to conduct the measurements. 2. Take the rod marked number 2. Making sure the yellow measuring scale is on the right hand

side of the rod as look at the stadiometer face on, place rod 2 onto the base plate pin. It should fit snugly without you having to use force.

3. Take the rod marked number 3. Again make sure that the yellow measuring scale connects with

the scale on rod 2 and that the numbers run on from one another. (If they do not check that you have the correct rod). Put this rod onto rod number 2 in the same way you put rod 2 onto the base plate pin.

4. Take the remaining rod and put it onto rod 3. Dismantling the stadiometer

Follow these rules:- 1. Before you begin to dismantle the stadiometer you must remember to lower the head plate to its

lowest position, so that the blade is lying flat against the base plate 2. Remove one rod at a time B. THE PROTOCOL – RESPONDENTS AGED 16+ 1. Ask the respondent to remove their shoes in order to obtain a measurement that is as accurate as

possible.

2. Assemble the stadiometer and raise the headplate to allow sufficient room for the respondent to stand underneath it. Double check that you have assembled the stadiometer correctly.

3. The respondent should stand with their feet flat on the centre of the base plate, feet together and

heels against the rod. The respondent's back should be as straight as possible, preferably against the rod but NOT leaning on it. They should have their arms hanging loosely by their sides. They should be facing forwards.

4. Move the respondent's head so that the Frankfort Plane is in a horizontal position (ie parallel to

the floor). The Frankfort Plane is an imaginary line passing through the external ear canal and across the top of the lower bone of the eye socket, immediately under the eye (see diagram). This position is important if an accurate reading is to be obtained. An additional check is to ensure that the measuring arm rests on the crown of the head, ie the top back half. To make sure that the Frankfort Plane is horizontal, you can use the Frankfort Plane Card to line up the bottom of the eye socket with the flap of skin on the ear. The Frankfort Plane is horizontal when the card is parallel to the stadiometer arm.

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5. Instruct the respondent to keep their eyes focused on a point straight ahead, to breath in deeply and to stretch to their fullest height. If after stretching up the respondent's head is no longer horizontal, repeat the procedure. It can be difficult to determine whether the stadiometer headplate is resting on the respondent's head. If so, ask the respondent to tell you when s/he feels it touching their head.

6. Ask the respondent to step forwards. If the measurement has been done correctly the

respondent will be able to step off the stadiometer without ducking their head. Make sure that the head plate does not move when the respondent does this.

7. Look at the bottom edge of the head plate cuff. There is a green arrowhead pointing to the

measuring scale. Take the reading from this point and record the respondent's height in

centimetres and millimetres, that is in the form 123.4, at the question Height. You may at this time record the respondent's height onto their Measurement Record Card and at the question MbookHt you will be asked to check that you have done so. At that point the computer will display the recorded height in both centimetres and in feet and inches. At RelHiteB you will be asked to code whether the measurement you obtained was reliable or unreliable.

8. Height must be recorded in centimetres and millimetres, eg 176.5 cms. If a measurement falls

between two millimetres, it should be recorded to the nearest even millimetre. Eg, if respondent's height is between 176.4 and 176.5 cms, you should round it down to 176.4. Likewise, if a respondent's height is between 176.5 and 176.6 cms, you should round it up to 176.6 cms.

9. Push the head plate high enough to avoid any member of the Catering Unit hitting their head

against it when getting ready to be measured. C. THE PROTOCOL – RESPONDENTS AGED 3-15 The protocol for measuring children under 16 differs slightly to that for older respondents. You must get the co-operation of an adult. You will need their assistance in order to carry out the protocol, and children are much more likely to be co-operative themselves if another member of the household is involved in the measurement. If possible measure children last so that they can see what is going on before they are measured themselves. Children's bodies are much more elastic than those of adults. Unlike adults they will need your help in order to stretch to their fullest height. This is done by stretching them. This is essential in order to get an accurate measurement. It causes no pain and simply helps support the child while they stretch to their tallest height. It is important that you practice these measurement techniques on any young children among your family or friends. The more practice you get before going into the field the better your technique will be. 1. In addition to removing their shoes, children should remove their socks as well. This is not

because the socks affect the measurement. It is so that you can make sure that children don't lift their heels off of the base plate. (See 3 below).

2. Assemble the stadiometer and raise the head plate to allow sufficient room for the child to stand

underneath it. 3. The child should stand with their feet flat on the centre of the base plate, feet together and heels

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against the rod. The child's back should be as straight as possible, preferably against the rod, and their arms hanging loosely by their sides. They should be facing forwards.

4. Place the measuring arm just above the child's head. 5. Move the child's head so that the Frankfort Plane is in a horizontal position (see diagram). This

position is as important when measuring children as it is when measuring adults if the measurements are to be accurate. To make sure that the Frankfort Plane is horizontal, you can use the Frankfort Plane Card to line up the bottom of the eye socket with the flap of skin on the ear. The Frankfort Plane is horizontal when the card is parallel to the stadiometer arm.

6. Cup the child's head in you hands, placing the heals of your palms either side of the chin. Your

fingers should come to rest just under the ears. (See diagram). 7. Firmly but gently, apply upward pressure lifting the child's head upwards towards the

stadiometer headplate and thus stretching the child to their maximum height. Avoid jerky movements, perform the procedure smoothly and take care not to tilt the head at an angle: you must keep it in the Frankfort plane. Explain what you are doing and tell the child that you want them to stand up straight and tall but not to move their head or stand on their tip-toes.

8. Ask the adult who is helping you to lower the headplate down gently onto the child's head.

Make sure that the plate touches the skull and that it is not pressing down too hard. 9. Still holding the child's head, relieve traction and allow the child to stand relaxed. If the

measurement has been done properly the child should be able to step off the stadiometer without ducking their head. Make sure that the child does not knock the head plate as they step off.

10. Read the height value in metric units to the nearest millimetre and enter the reading into the

computer at the question “Height.” At the question “MbookHt” you will be asked to check that you have entered the child's height onto their Measurement Record Card. At that point the computer will display the recorded height in both centimetres and in feet and inches.

11. Push the head plate high enough to avoid anyone hitting their head against it when getting

ready to be measured. D. HEIGHT REFUSED, NOT ATTEMPTED OR ATTEMPTED BUT NOT OBTAINED At RespHt you are asked to code whether the measurement was taken, refused, attempted but not obtained or not attempted. If for any reason you cannot get a height measurement, enter the appropriate code at this question and you will automatically be routed to the relevant follow up questions (ResNHi and NoHitM) which will allow you to say why no measurement was obtained. E. ADDITIONAL POINTS - ALL RESPONDENTS 1. If the respondent cannot stand upright with their back against the stadiometer and have their

heels against the rod (e.g. those with protruding bottoms) then give priority to standing upright. 2. If the respondent has a hair style which stands well above the top of their head, (or is wearing a

turban), bring the headplate down until it touches the hair/turban. With some hairstyles you can compress the hair to touch the head. If you can not lower the headplate to touch the head, and think that this will lead to an unreliable measure, record this at question RelHite. If it is a

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hairstyle that can be altered, e.g. a bun, if possible ask the respondent to change/undo it. 3. If the respondent is tall, it can be difficult to line up the Frankfort Plane in the way described.

When you think that the plane is horizontal, take one step back to check from a short distance that this is the case.

MEASUREMENT RECORD CARD When you have taken the respondent's height and weight, offer the respondent a record of his/her measurements. Make out a Measurement Record Card and give it to the respondent. There is room on the Measurement Record Card to write height and weight in both metric and imperial units if the respondent wants both. The computer does the conversion for you.

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APPENDIX B: PROTOCOL FOR TAKING WEIGHT MEASURMENTS A. THE EQUIPMENT There are five different types of scales used on this survey. They differ in the type of power supply they use, where the weight is displayed and the way the scales are turned on. Before starting any interviewing check which scales you have been given and that you know how they operate. Soehnle Scales • These scales come in two different versions. Both work in exactly the same way, but one has a

“remote display” (ie the weight reading is shown on a separate handset), while the other shows the weight reading window on the scales.

• The Soehnle scales are turned on by pressing the top of the scale (eg with your foot). There is no switch to turn the scales off, they turn off automatically.

• The scales take 1 x 9v rectangular MN1604 6LR61 batteries. Seca 850 • These scales display the weight in a window on the scales.

• The Seca 850 is switched on by pressing the top of the scales (e.g. with your foot). There is no switch to turn the scales off, they turn off automatically.

• The scales take 4 x 1.5v AA batteries/1 x 9v rectangular MN1604 6LR61. Seca 870 • These scales display the weight in a window on the scales.

• The Seca 870 is switched on by briefly covering the solar cell (for no more than one second). The solar cell is on the right hand side of the weight display panel. NB You may experience difficulties switching the scales on if there is insufficient light for the solar cell. Make sure that the room is well lit.

• The scales have a fixed battery which cannot be removed. Tanita THD-305 • These scales display the weight in a window on the scales.

• The Tanita is switched on by pressing the button on the bottom right hand corner of the scales. The scales will automatically switch off after a few seconds.

• The scales take 4 x 1.5v AA batteries. When you are storing the scales or sending them through the post please make sure you remove

the battery to stop the scales turning themselves on. (This does not apply to the Seca 870 scales)

Batteries (Soehnle, Seca 850 and Tanita) It should not be necessary to have to replace the batteries, but always ensure that you have some spare batteries with you in case this happens. If you need to change the battery, please buy one and claim for it. The batteries used are commonly available. The battery compartment is on the bottom of the scales. When you receive your scales you will need to reconnect the battery. Before going out to work, reconnect the battery and check that the scales

50

work. If they do not, check that the battery is connected properly and try new batteries. If they do still not work, report the fault to your Area Manager or directly to John Lightfoot at Brentwood. The reading is only in metric units, but as for height, the computer provides a conversion. If the respondent would like to know their weight in stones and pounds you will be able to tell them when the computer has done the calculation. You also have a conversion chart on the back of the coding booklet. WARNING

The scales have an inbuilt memory which stores the weight for 10 minutes. If during this time you weigh another object that differs in weight by less than 500 grams (about 1lb), the stored weight will be displayed and not the weight that is being measured. This means that if you weigh someone else during this time, you could be given the wrong reading for the second person. So if you get an identical reading for a second person, make sure that the memory has been cleared. Clear the memory from the last reading by weighing an object that is more than 500 grams lighter (ie a pile of books, your briefcase or even the stadiometer). You will then get the correct weight when you weigh the second respondent. You will only need to clear the memory in this way if: a) You have to have a second or subsequent attempt at measuring the same person B. THE PROTOCOL 1. Turn the display on by using the appropriate method for the scales. The readout should

display 888.8 (1888 for the Seca 870) momentarily. If this is not displayed check the batteries, if this is not the cause you will need to report the problem to the National Centre at Brentwood. While the scales read 888.8 do not attempt to weigh anyone.

2. Ask the respondent to remove shoes, heavy outer garments such as jackets and cardigans,

heavy jewellery, loose change and keys. 3. Turn the scales on with your foot again. Wait for a display of 0.0 before the respondent

stands on the scales. 4. Ask the respondent to stand with their feet together in the centre and their heels against the

back edge of the scales. Arms should be hanging loosely at their sides and head facing forward. Ensure that they keep looking ahead - it may be tempting for the respondent to look down at their weight reading. Ask them not to do this and assure them that you will tell them their weight afterwards if they want to know.

The posture of the respondent is important. If they stand to one side, look down, or do not otherwise have their weight evenly spread, it can affect the reading.

5. The scales will take a short while to stabilise and will read 'C' until they have done so. (The

Seca 870 displays alternate flashing lines in the display window. With the Tanita scales the weight will flash on and off when stabilised). If the respondent moves excessively while the scales are stabilising you may get a false reading. If you think this is the case reweigh, but first ensure that you have erased the memory.

51

6. The scales have been calibrated in kilograms and 100 gram units (0.1 kg). Record the reading into the computer at the question Weight before the respondent steps off the scales. At question MBookWt you will be asked to check that you have entered the respondent's weight onto their Measurement Record Card. At that point the computer will display the measured weight in both kilos and in stones and pounds.

WARNING

The maximum weight registering accurately on the scales is 130kg (20½ stone). (The Seca 870 can weigh up to a maximum of 150kg or 23 ½ stone). If you think the respondent exceeds this limit code them as “Weight not attempted” at RespWts. The computer will display a question asking them for an estimate. Do not attempt to weigh them. Additional Points If you are using one of the scales that has the read out on a handset, it is possible that skirts, coats and legs can obstruct the beam between the receiver and the transmitter and prevent a reading. Try to ensure that the respondent and their clothing are positioned so as to avoid this. Pregnant women should not have their weight measured since they are not eligible for interview. For women respondents aged 16-49, the computer displays a question asking them whether they are pregnant and then enforces the appropriate routing. If you have a respondent aged under 16 who is obviously pregnant, code as “Weight not attempted” at RespWts and “Other - specify” at NoWaitM. Weighing Children You must get the co-operation of an adult. This will help the child to relax and children, especially small children are much more likely to be co-operative themselves if an adult known to them is involved in the procedure. Children wearing nappies should be wearing a dry disposable. If the nappy is wet, please ask the parent to change it for a dry one and explain that the wetness of the nappy will affect the weight measurement. In most cases it will be possible to measure children's weight following the protocol set out for adults. However, if accurate readings are to be obtained, it is very important that respondents stand still. Ask the child to stand perfectly still - “Be a statue.” For very young children who are unable to stand unaided or small children who find this difficult you will need to alter the protocol and first weigh an adult then weigh that adult holding the child as follows:-

a) Code as “Weight obtained (child held by adult)” at RespWts

b) Weigh the adult as normal following the protocol as set out above. Enter this weight into the computer at WtAdult.

c) Weigh the adult and child together and enter this into the computer at WtChAd.

The computer will then calculate the weight of the child and you will be asked to check that you have recorded the weight onto the child's Measurement Record Card at MBookWt. Again the computer will give the weight in both kilos and in stones and pounds. Weight refused, not attempted or attempted but not obtained At RespWts you are asked to code whether the measurement was taken, refused, attempted but not

52

obtained or not attempted. If for any reason you cannot get a height measurement, enter the appropriate code at this question and you will automatically be routed to the relevant follow up questions (ResNWt and NoWaitM) which will allow you to say why no measurement was obtained. MEASUREMENT RECORD CARD When you have taken the respondent's height and weight, offer the respondent a record of his/her measurements. Make out a Measurement Record Card and give it to the respondent. There is room on the Measurement Record Card to write height and weight in both metric and imperial units if the respondent wants both. The computer does the conversion for you.

APPENDIX C: PRACTICE INTERVIEWS Check letters for practice interviews will be given at the briefing 99701 Child is 6 24 Hr Recall 99702 Child is 15 24 Hr Recall 99703 Child is 6 4 Day diary 99704 Child is15 4 Day Diary 99705 Child is 6 Standard interview - neither diary nor 24 hour recall 99706 Child is 15 Standard interview – neither diary nor 24 hour recall

53

APPENDIX D: COMMONLY CONSUMED ADDITIONAL FOOD PROMPT SHEET Tea, coffee Milk, sugar, artificial sweetener, biscuit, cake, savoury snacks, Indian

sweets etc Bread Spread, topping Sandwich Salad, mayonnaise, pickle, spread, other fillings Cereal Milk, sugar, fruit, yoghurt, fruit juice, artificial sweetener Baked potato Butter, fat spread, sour cream, other topping or filling Boiled Potatoes Butter, fat spread Mashed potato Butter, fat spread, milk, cream, mustard, gravy Vegetables Butter, fat spread, ghee, seeds/nuts Salad Vinaigrette, mayonnaise, oil Soup Breads /roll, butter, dried shrimp, croutons, cream Meat Gravy and sauces e.g. mustard, horseradish, cranberry Dahl Breads/rolls, idli, dosa, vada, rice, ghee, seeds/nuts, yogurt (raita) Curry Breads, rice, chutneys, pickles, chillies, yogurt (raita) Ice cream Kheer or other dairy desserts

Sauce, topping, fruit, nuts

Dessert, pudding Indian sweets e.g. burfi, halwa

Custard, cream, ice cream, nuts, sweet sauces

Alcoholic drink Snack food e.g. crisps, peanuts, bombay mix, puffed rice and other fried flour snacks

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

STUDY OF CHILDREN’S DIETS IN SCOTLAND

SHOWCARDS

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD A1

RELATIONSHIP

1 Husband / Wife 2 Partner / Cohabitee 3 Natural son / daughter 4 Adopted son / daughter 5 Foster son / daughter 6 Stepson / Stepdaughter / Child of partner 7 Son-in-law / Daughter-in-law 8 Natural parent 9 Adoptive parent 10 Foster parent 11 Step-parent 12 Parent-in-law 13 Natural brother / Natural sister (i.e. both natural parents the

same) 14 Half-brother / Half-sister (i.e. one natural parent the same) 15 Step-brother / Step-sister (i.e. no natural parents the same) 16 Adopted brother / Adopted sister 17 Foster brother / Foster sister 18 Brother-in-law / Sister-in-law 19 Grandchild 20 Grandparent 21 Other relative 22 Other non-relative

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD B1

Less than 5 minutes

5 minutes, less than 15 minutes

15 minutes, less than 30 minutes

30 minutes, less than 1 hour 1 hour, less than 1 ½ hours

1 ½ hours, less than 2 hours

2 hours, less than 2 ½ hours

2 ½ hours, less than 3 hours 3 hours, less than 3 ½ hours

3 ½ hours, less than 4 hours

4 hours or more (please say how long)

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD B2

SPORTS AND EXERCISE ACTIVITIES INCLUDE any sports and exercise activities like: Playing football, rugby or netball in a team, include playing in: or any other organised team games a practice session a match Playing tennis, squash or badminton a club

out-of-school lesson Going swimming or swimming lessons

Gymnastics (include Toddler Gym, Tumble Tots etc)

Dance lessons, ballet lessons, ice skating

Horse riding

Disco dancing

Any other organised sports, team sports or exercise activities

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD B3

Other active things like:

Ride a bike

Kick a ball around

Run about (outdoors or indoors)

Play active games

Jump around

Any other things like these

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD C1

Having trouble with their teeth

Had a note from the school dentist

Went for a check-up

Just went to get used to going to the dentist

Or for some other reason (PLEASE SAY WHAT)

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD D1

Place

A Home, own food supply B Home, take-away brought in C Home, other food brought in, free D Friend's or Relative's house E Restaurant or Cafe F School (bought food or drink) G School (food or drink from home) H School (free/other) I Work (bought food or drink) J Work (food or drink from home) K Work (free/other) L Pub, bar, lounge, hotel, club M Take-away eaten away from home N Other place (bought food or drink) O Other place (food or drink from home) P Other place (free/other)

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD D2

1 Cod liver oil and other fish based supplements

2 Evening primrose oil type supplements 3 Vitamin C only 4 Other single vitamins NOT vitamin C 5 Vitamins A, C and D only 6 Vitamins with iron 7 Iron only 8 Non-prescribed folic acid only 9 Multivitamins and multi minerals

10 Multivitamins, NO minerals 11 Minerals ONLY; NOT fluoride or iron ONLY 12 Other (specify)

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD E1

1 Earnings from employment or self-employment 2 State retirement pension 3 Pension from former employer 4 Personal pensions 5 Child Benefit 6 Job-Seekers Allowance 7 Income Support 8 Working Families’ Tax Credit, Child Tax Credit or

other Tax Credit 9 Housing Benefit 10 Other State Benefits 11 Interest from savings and investments (eg. stocks

and shares) 12 Other kinds of regular allowance from outside your

household (eg. maintenance, student grants, rent) 13 No source of income

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD E2

GROSS INCOME FROM ALL SOURCES (before any deductions for tax, national insurance, etc.)

WEEKLY or MONTHLY or ANNUAL

Less than £10...................1 Less than £40......................... 1 Less than £520 ......................... 1

£10 less than £30..............2 £40 less than £130................. 2 £520 less than £1,600 .............. 2

£30 less than £50..............3 £130 less than £220............... 3 £1,600 less £2,600.................... 3

£50 less than £70..............4 £220 less than £300............... 4 £2,600 less than £3,600 ........... 4

£70 less than £100............5 £300 less than £430............... 5 £3,600 less than £5,200 ........... 5 £100 less than £150..........6 £430 less than £650............... 6 £5,200 less than £7,800 ........... 6

£150 less than £200..........7 £650 less than £870............... 7 £7,800 less than £10,400 ......... 7

£200 less than £250..........8 £870 less than £1,100............ 8 £10,400 less than £13,000 ....... 8

£250 less than £300..........9 £1,100 less than £1,300......... 9 £13,000 less than £15,600 ....... 9

£300 less than £350..........10 £1,300 less than £1,500......... 10 £15,600 less than £18,200 ....... 10 £350 less than £400..........11 £1,500 less than £1,700......... 11 £18,200 less than £20,800 ....... 11

£400 less than £450..........12 £1,700 less than £2,000......... 12 £20,800 less than £23,400 ....... 12

£450 less than £500..........13 £2,000 less than £2,200......... 13 £23,400 less than £26,000 ....... 13

£500 less than £550..........14 £2,200 less than £2,400......... 14 £26,000 less than £28,600 ....... 14

£550 less than £600..........15 £2,400 less than £2,600......... 15 £28,600 less than £31,200 ....... 15 £600 less than £650..........16 £2,600 less than £2,800......... 16 £31,200 less than £33,800 ....... 16

£650 less than £700..........17 £2,800 less than £3,000......... 17 £33,800 less than £36,400 ....... 17

£700 less than £800..........18 £3,000 less than £3,500......... 18 £36,400 less than £41,600 ....... 18

£800 less than £900..........19 £3,500 less than £3,900......... 19 £41,600 less than £46,800 ....... 19

£900 less than £1,000.......20 £3,900 less than £4,300......... 20 £46,800 less than £52,000 ....... 20 £1,000 less than £1,150....21 £4,300 less than £5,000......... 21 £52,000 less than £60,000 ....... 21

£1,150 less than £1,350....22 £5,000 less than £5,800......... 22 £60,000 less than £70,000 ....... 22

£1,350 less than £1,550....23 £5,800 less than £6,700......... 23 £70,000 less than £80,000 ....... 23

£1,550 less than £1,750....24 £6,700 less than £7,500......... 24 £80,000 less than £90,000 ....... 24

£1,750 less than £1,900....25 £7,500 less than £8,300......... 25 £90,000 less than £100,000..... 25 £1,900 less than £2,100....26 £8,300 less than £9,200......... 26 £100,000 less than £110,000... 26

£2,100 less than £2,300....27 £9,200 less than £10,000....... 27 £110,000 less than £120,000... 27

£2,300 less than £2,500....28 £10,000 less than £10,800..... 28 £120,000 less than £130,000... 28

£2,500 less than £2,700....29 £10,800 less than £11,700..... 29 £130.000 less than £140,000... 29

£2,700 less than £2,900....30 £11,700 less than £12,500..... 30 £140,000 less than £150,000... 30

£2,900 or more ..................31 £12,500 or more..................... 31 £150,000 or more...................... 31

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD E3 1 Going to school or college full-time (including on vacation) 2 In paid employment or self-employment (or away temporarily) 3 On a Government scheme for employment training 4 Doing unpaid work for a business that you own, or that

a relative owns 5 Waiting to take up paid work already obtained 6 Looking for paid work or a Government training scheme 7 Intending to look for work but prevented by temporary

sickness or injury 8 Permanently unable to work because of long-term

sickness or disability 9 Retired from paid work 10 Looking after the home or family 11 Doing something else (PLEASE SAY WHAT)

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD F1 1. School Leaving Certificate, new National Qualification

Access Unit 2. O Grade, Standard Grade, GCSE, CSE, Senior Certificate

or equivalent 3. GSVQ Foundation or Intermediate, SVQ Level 1 or 2,

SCOTVEC Module or equivalent, new National Qualification Higher Still Access 3 Cluster, Intermediate 1 or 2

4. SCE Higher Grade / new National Qualification Higher or

Advanced Higher / CSYS / A level, Advanced Senior Certificate or equivalent

5. GSVQ Advanced, SVQ Level3, ONC, OND, SCOTVEC National

Diploma or equivalent 6. City and Guilds 7. HNC, HND, SVQ Levels 4 or 5 or equivalent 8. First Degree, Higher degree 9. Professional qualifications e.g. teaching, accountancy 10. None of these

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland P7015

CARD F2

1 White: Scottish 2 White: Other British 3 White: Any other white background (PLEASE SAY WHICH) 4 Mixed: Any mixed background 5 Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Indian 6 Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Pakistani 7 Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Bangladeshi 8 Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Any other Asian background (PLEASE SAY WHICH) 9 Chinese, Chinese Scottish or Chinese British 10 Black, Black Scottish or Black British: Caribbean 11 Black, Black Scottish or Black British: African 12 Black, Black Scottish or Black British: Any other black background (PLEASE SAY WHICH) 13 Any other ethnic group (PLEASE SAY WHICH)

APPENDIX B FIELDWORK DOCUMENTS

Dear M

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland

I am writing to you to ask for your help. The Food Standards Agency (Scotland) is funding a study of what children in Scotland eat. The study will measure the amount of sugar in children’s food. It will also measure the intake of other nutrients and ask questions about children’s dental health and physical activity. Your child, has been randomly selected from our records of children living in Scotland and aged 3 to 16 years on 1st May 2006. Taking part in the survey is up to you but we very much hope that you will help us. It is important that the study collects information about as many children as possible so that we can get an accurate picture of what children in Scotland eat. The Scottish Centre for Social Research (ScotCen) has been asked to carry out the study on behalf of the Food Standards Agency Scotland. ScotCen is part of the National Centre for Social Research, Britain’s largest independent, not-for-profit social research organisation, and carries out many important studies for government departments. For children under 12 years of age, interviews will be with an adult (usually a parent). For those aged 12 to16 years the interview will be directly with them although in the presence of an adult. The interviews will begin in late May and June and ScotCen will write to you nearer the time with further details. An interviewer will visit you to arrange a convenient time for the interview. You can choose for the interview to take place during the daytime, in the evening or at the weekend. The interview will be carried out in your own home. The interviewer will carry a ScotCen photographic identification card. Whether or not you take part in this study will not affect your entitlement to any benefits or tax credits or any other dealings with HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) or other Government departments, now or in the future. Anything you tell the interviewer will be treated in the strictest confidence. No report of the survey will identify you or your family. I hope that you will be able to help with this study. However, if you do not wish an interviewer to contact you, or if you have any queries about the study please contact the Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland helpline on FREEPHONE 0800 652 4572 between 9am and 4pm, Monday to Friday. Alternatively you can write to:

Study of Children’s Diets in Scotland FREEPOST EH2075 5 Leamington Terrace

EDINBURGH EH10 0NP

Please give your name and the serial number at the top of this letter to ensure that you are not contacted again about this study. Thank you in advance for your help Yours sincerely Analysis HM Revenue & Customs

Study of Children’s diet in Scotland

The Scottish Centre for Social Research is carrying out the interviews for this important new study of what children in Scotland eat. The study is being conducted on behalf of the Food Standards Agency (Scotland). Your child, has been randomly selected from children living in Scotland and, aged 3 to 16 years on 1st May 2006, to be included in the study. A short while ago you should have received a letter telling you about the study and inviting you to take part. One of our interviewers will visit you shortly to ask for an interview at a time convenient to you. Our interviewers always carry an identification card, which includes their photograph and our logo, as shown at the top of this letter. The interviewer will treat everything you say in strictest confidence in accordance with the Data Protection Act. We, too, will treat your answers as confidential and will not pass them on to anyone outside the research team. Before the interviewer calls to carry out the interview with you, we would appreciate it if you could complete the enclosed questionnaire on behalf of the child named above. If your child is over 12 years of age then we would like them to complete the questionnaire themselves with help from you if needed. Please read the instructions before you/your child completes the questionnaire. When the interviewer calls they will pick up the completed questionnaire. They will also ask some additional questions including details of your child’s physical activity and dental health. Some of you will also be asked some further questions about what your child has eaten in the previous 24 hours or be invited to complete a diet diary. We have enclosed a voucher as a token of our thanks for completing the enclosed questionnaire and taking part in the study. Your interviewer should be able to answer any further questions you may have about the study, however, if you have any questions or concerns, please do call us on 0800 652 4572. We would be happy to discuss them with you. Thank you for helping us with this study. Yours sincerely,

Christine Sheehy Senior Researcher

Study of children’s diets in Scotland

4 day food diary I consent to my telephone number being passed onto researchers at Aberdeen University who are working on this study to enable them to contact me regarding completion of the 4 day food diary for: Child’s name: ………………………………………… Parent/guardian’s name: ………………………………………….

Parent’s/Guardian’s Signature: ………………………………………………..

Telephone number: …………………….(daytime) ………………………. (evening) Please give any additional details here that might enable researchers to get in touch with

you.

.…………….………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

Receipt

I confirm that I have received a £10 High Street voucher as a token of appreciation for agreeing to complete the 4 day food diary for the child named below:

Name of child (print): …………………………………………………………….

Name of parent/guardian (print): ………………………………………………. Signature of parent/guardian: …………………………… Date:………………. OR, for respondents over 12 years of age: I confirm that I have received £10 High Street voucher as a token of appreciation for agreeing to complete the 4 day food diary Name (print) ………………………………………………………………….

Signature:……………………………………………. Date:…………………

Interviewer use only Serial no: CHK Interviewer number:

Thank you for your co-operation Scottish Centre for Social Research 5 Leamington Terrace Edinburgh EH10 4JW Tel: 0131 228 2167

Serial number

P7015

STUDY OF CHILDREN’S DIETS IN SCOTLAND

MEASUREMENT RECORD CARD

FULL NAME:

Conversion Charts Height Weight

5cm 2” 10cm 4” 50cm 1ft 7” 75cm 2ft 5” 100cm 3ft 3” 125cm 4ft 1” 150cm 4ft 11” 175cm 5ft 8” 200cm 6ft 6”

Interviewer: Name

Date of visit

HEIGHT:

cm

ft/ins

WEIGHT:

kg

st/lbs

1kg 2lbs 3oz 5kg 11lbs 10kg 1 st 8lbs 20kg 3st 2lbs 30kg 4st 10lbs 40kg 6st 4lbs 50kg 7st 12lbs 60kg 9st 6lbs 70kg 11st 80kg 12st 8lbs 90kg 14st 2lbs