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Survey of Psychoactive Drugs

Psychoactivedrugs affect

brain function, mood, state

of mind, and behavior

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Basic terms to know

Physical dependencecannot stopwithout withdrawalsymptoms

Psychological dependence mentalor emotional need for drug

Tolerancerequires increasing

dosages for desired effect

Cross-Tolerancereduced responseto similar drugs

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Basic terms to know

Synergism One drug enhancespower/ effect of another, leadingto greater combined effect

Antagonism One drug weakens/

counteracts another, leadingto lesser combined effect

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Narcotic Analgesics

Opiates: from opium poppy

In use for thousands of year

Effective pain relievers

Heroin is commonly abused

Highly addictive

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CNS Depressants: Alcohol

Common intoxicant

Alcohol culture of Europes past

1917-1932: Prohibition in U.S.with 18thAmendment(Repealed by 21stAmendment)

Adverse effects

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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Other CNS Depressants

Barbiturates

Methaqualone, quaaludes

Minor & Major Tranquilizers

Sedating Antihistamines

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CNS Stimulants

Amphetamines: once widelyprescribed by physicians

Methamphetamine (speed)-made in Meth Labs smoked

Abrupt cessation causesphysical & emotional symptoms

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CNS Stimulants

Caffeine & nicotine widely used

Cocaine: S American coca bush

Free-basing

Crack

Short acting, highly addictive Use is increasing at colleges

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Hallucinogens: Some terms

Psychedelicalters consciousness

Psychotomimeticmimicspsychosis

Timothy Leary: Turn on, tune in,drop out.

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Hallucinogens

Natural substances used inreligious practice for centuries

LSD discovered in 1943

Harvard, 1960s: Leary & Alpert

Experiments with psychotics

Street use

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Amanitamushroom: Soma

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Salvia divinorum: Purple & Red

http://www.pbase.com/hjsteed/salviahttp://www.pbase.com/hjsteed/salvia

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Salvia(magic mint, diviners sage)

Healing & divination- OaxacaMexico spiritual practices

Dried leaves are smoked

Active ingredient:salvinorin A

Short-acting, intense hallucinogen

Feelings of de-personalization

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Bwiti men smoke ibogainetovisit the ancestors

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Want to Lick a Toad?

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Ecstasy: MDMA

Part amphetamine,part hallucinogen

Party drug: Raves

Hug drug: may enhancecommunication, intimacy, &pleasure of touch/ sex

Dangers

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Cannabis sativa leaf

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Marijuana: Cannabis

Active ingredient: THC

Most widely used illicit drug

The legalization debate

Medical uses

Newer concentrations of THC

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CU Data on Marijuana Use (%)

Frequency/ Year: 1998 2000 2005

1-6 times/ year 9 17 16

1-4 times/ month 9 8 10

3+ times/ week 11 9 8

Total used 29 34 34

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Comparative Data: % Prevalence

Use: Lifetime Annual 30-Day

Substance CU Comp CU Comp CU Comp

Tobacco 41 59 34 45 24 35

Alcohol 86 88 84 83 75 69Marijuana 43 46 34 32 20 19

Cocaine 5 9 3 4 1 2

Amphetamines 8 17 5 7 3 3

Sedatives 4 6 3 3 1 1

Hallucinogens 7 14 5 7 2 3

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Athletes and Drugs

Performance enhancement

Caffeine and nicotine

Amphetamines

Anabolic steroids

Potential adverse physical &psychological effects

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