• Surgical instruments• Surgical preparation• Anesthesia

Preparing for Surgery.

• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole.

• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including analyzing how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term over the course of a text.

Common Core/Next Generation Science Standards

Addressed.

Bell Work!• Explain the “closed and open gloving techniques”.• Explain why sterile surgical gloves must be worn during surgery.• How would you go about preparing the surgical site for surgery?• Why should anesthetics be using during veterinary surgery?• How can you determine the depth of anesthesia that an animal is

under?• Who is responsible for opening the sterile surgical pack? When?

Where?

• Anesthesia• Aseptic• Autoclave• Catheter• Excision• Forceps• Scalpel• Sterile• Surgical Pack• Volatile

Terms

• A surgical pack contains instruments that are used for holding, clamping, cutting and crushing as well as closing the surgical wound.

• Surgical instruments selected must match the requirements of the surgical procedure to be performed.

Surgical Instruments

• Scissors are used for many purposes during a surgical procedure and come in many shapes. The degree of sharpness will also vary.

• Utility scissors cut non-biological material such as bandaging materials.

• Utility scissors may also be used to cut paper and open suture materials.

• Suture scissors are used specifically for cutting suture materials.

• Surgical scissors are actually used to cut soft tissue during the surgical procedure. The function of the operation will determine if the scissors are blunt, curved or pointed.

• Dissecting scissors are used to separate tissues and are a very precise tool.

Scissors

• Forceps are a surgical goo used for cutting tissue, pulling tissue, grasping, clamping and compressing tissues/

• Clamping forceps are commonly referred to as hemostats and assisting in controlling blood flow during surgery.

• The handles of forceps lock together during use.

• Forceps come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the surgical process being performed.

Forceps

• Surgical scalpels are used to make incisions into soft tissue and organs during the surgical process.

• A scalpel is actually a very sharp knife consisting of a handle and disposable blades.

• Disposable scalpels using a plastic handle are also available for use.

Scalpels

• It is the responsibility of the veterinary assistant to;o assemble the surgical packo provide aseptic conditionso gather anesthetic equipmento locate surgical supplieso clean and disinfect the

surgical tableo have scrub soap on hando assemble caps, clothing

covers, and masks

Veterinary Assistant during surgery.

• Anyone entering a surgical room should be wearing clean clothing.• If you come near the surgical table you should be wearing face,

head and clothing coverings.• Direct coughs and sneezes away from the operating table.• Following surgery the assistant should clean the facility, sterilize

the instruments, and launder gowns and other covers worn.

Maintaining Sterile Conditions

• Anesthesia blocks the patient’s sense of pain and permits the animal to be restrained for efficient surgery.

• Anesthesia can be defined as the controlled, reversible intoxication of the patients nervous system.

Anesthesia

• Species of animals react differently to the same anesthetic agent.• Animals differ in size and temperament.• Anatomy and physiology play a role in proper anesthetic use.• Proper restraint is very important when placing an animal

“under”.• Patient safety is of the utmost importance.

Principles of Veterinary Anesthesia.

• The choice of anesthesia is determined by the following factors:o Species of animalo Size of the animalo Location of the operationo Complexity of the operationo The health of the patiento The temperament of the animalo Anesthetics available for useo The cost of the anesthetico Knowledge and familiarity of the staff with the anesthetic agent to be used.

Anesthetic information.• Anesthetics may be grouped by how they affect the patients

nervous system.

o A local anesthetic deadens the nerves in a small area for a localized process.o General anesthetics produce unconsciousness by influencing the entire

nervous.o A spinal anesthesia interrupts the function of the nerves within the spinal

cord.o A volatile anesthetic is one that is administered in the air that the animal

breathes.o Non-volatile anesthetics area administered via intravenous injection.o Anesthesia must be monitored continuously during the surgical process as

all animals do not respond in the same manner.

• Depth of anesthesia may be determined by;

o The color of blood at the surgical site.o Decrease and loss of reflexes.o Depth of muscle tone and respiration rate.o Opposition by the patient to flexing and extending limbs.

Preparing Your Hands and The Field of operation.

• Remember that it is impossible to make your hands sterile, thorough washing will remove a great deal of the microbe population. That is the reason for wearing sterile gloves.

• The pre-surgery scrub will remove dirt, skin oil and a large number of microorganisms.

• Prior to scrubbing the surgical camp, mask and shoe covers should be in place.

Preparing Your Hands for Surgery.• Keep your finger nails trimmed short.• Scrub from your finger tips to above you elbows.• Clean your finger nails under water.• Scrub you nails, finger tips and fingers with a sterile brush.• Scrub your wrist, forearm and above the elbow.• Rinse with running water.• Turn the water off with you elbow, not your clean hands.• Dry with a sterile towel.

Preparing an Animal for Surgery

• Clip the surgical area with clean clippers. Clip against the hair.• Clean up the hair that has been removed by clipping.• Apply the scrub solution to the area that you have clipped.• Using sterile sponges, gently scrub the surgical area.• Apply a germicidal solution to the entire prepped area.

Surgical Gloves• Everyone involved in a surgical process should wear sterile

surgical gloves to maintain aseptic operations. Surgical gloves area supplied ready to wear in sterile sealed packages.

• Closed gloving takes place when the surgeon is wearing a sterile gown, open gloving is when the surgeon performs minor surgery and chooses not to wear a surgical gown.

Closed Gloving

Open Gloving

The End!