Surfs Up…Way Up Intent: I ulu no ka l ā l ā i ke kumu. The branches grow because of the trunk. Essential Question: How do circles and functions help us

Surf’s Up…Way Up

Intent:I ulu no ka lālā i ke kumu.

The branches grow because of the trunk.

Essential Question:How do circles and functions help us to

understand the destructive force of tsunami, so that we can better prepare

ourselves and protect the people and things we love?

1Surf’s Up….Way Up

Skills & Content

1. Discover features of buildings that can minimize the effects of tsunami

2. Compare & contrast different functions

3. Tidal waves versus Tsunami4. Volume, height, and speed of

tsunami5. Tsunami as weapons6. Scatter plots7. Linear vs Exponential8. Direct vs Inverse Variation9. Quadratics and Circles


Ho’olohe

3

Questions Notes/AnswersInside Circle:

What do you know about waves and the ocean? How does the ocean make you feel?

Outside Circle:How did you learn about waves and the ocean?

1.

Surf’s Up….Way Up

4

Questions Notes/AnswersHow were

you affected by the tsunami that hit Japan & Hawai’i on March 11-12, 2011?

Mrs. Riel’s Answer:As soon as I heard that a tsunami was coming, I went on my cell phone and looked up the tsunami inundation maps for Ewa Beach. I figured out that our house wasn’t in the flood zone, so my husband and I decided to sleep through the sirens and warnings. We were woken up by his mother screaming that we needed to evacuate, but since we did our research, we assured her that we would be safe at home.

2.


Reflection

5

Why is it nearly impossible to float to shore from the middle of the ocean?

Waves don’t push you. You will just bob up and down in

the same place.

3.


Video: Ocean Waves

4.What can waves transmit across the sea?

Energy is the only thing that waves can transmit across

the sea.

http://www.montereyinstitute.org/noaa/lesson09.html

6

Label the diagram of a wave.

5.


Still Water Level

Crest

Trough

Wavelength

Wave Height

6.Describe the relationship between wavelength and period.

The wavelength is the distance between

consecutive crests. The period is the time it takes to travel that distance. As the wavelength increases, so

does the period.

Video: Ocean Waves



The wind creates friction between air and water. It

creates ripples in the surface of the water. Those ripples

cause waves.

How does wind generate waves?

7.

Wind-driven waves reach their maximum height when they match the speed of the

wind.

When do wind-driven waves reach their maximum height?

8.

Video: Ocean Waves


What happens to waves as they start to approach the shore?


Waves “feel the bottom”. Molecules start moving in

circles. Waves get taller and slow down. Crests lean over and then break on the shore.

9.

In deep water, wind waves travel between 5 and 65

miles per hour, may reach heights of 45 feet, and are

no more than a few hundred feet apart.

Describe wind waves in deep water.

10.

Video: Ocean Waves



Tsunami start off about 3 feet tall. The crests are miles

apart. Tsunami travel hundreds of miles per hour.

Tsunami involve entire water column.

How are tsunami different from wind-waves?

11.

It could take about 2 hours for the second tsunami wave

to hit.

How long could it take the second tsunami wave to hit?

12.

Video: Ocean Waves


10

Explain how the wave function works.

14.


A = amplitude (wave height)B = period (wavelength or time between the waves)C = phase shift (left +/right -)D = vertical shift (up +/down -)

siny A Bx C D

Sine Function

Which of the functions best represents the anatomy of a wave?

13.

Wave anatomy is best represented by the sine (or

cosine) function.

Wave Functions

http://www.analyzemath.com/trigonometry/sine.htm

http://www.analyzemath.com/trigonometry/sine.htm



Child FunctionAmplitude: 2Period: 3 (wavelength is 1/3 of parent)Phase Shift: +5 (shifted left)Vertical Shift: +2 (shifted up)The child wave is twice as tall and traveling three times as fast as the parent wave. The child wave began farther away from shore in deeper water.

: sin

: 2sin 3 5 2

Parent y x

Child y x

Analyze the two sine functions and describe their differences in terms of amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift. Then describe the child function in terms of waves.

15.

Wave Functions



Child FunctionAmplitude: 1/2Period: 1 (wavelength is 1)Phase Shift: -3 (shifted right)Vertical Shift: -1 (shifted down)The child wave is half as tall as the parent wave, but traveling at the same speed. The child wave began closer to shore in shallower water.

: sin

1: sin 3 1

2

Parent y x

Child y x

Analyze the two sine functions and describe their differences in terms of amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift. Then describe the child function in terms of waves.

16.

Wave Functions



If the amplitude (A) were zero, there would be no

wave height. If the period (B) were zero, there would be no

wavelength. Without wave height or length, there would

be no waves. The ocean would be completely flat.

Explain what would happen to the waves if A or B were zero.

17.

Wave Functions



Catch a Wave ActivityGentle slopes create spilling breakers that provide surfers

with long, smooth rides.

Moderate slopes create plunging breakers that form

barrels for surfers to ride through.

Steep slopes create surging breakers that smash into the beach. They don’t create any

surf.

Describe how the slope of the seafloor controls the way a wave breaks.

18.


Catch a Wave ActivitySurging breakers will cause the most erosion because

they slam into the coast with a lot of force.

Which type of breaker will cause the most coastal erosion?

19.

Spilling breakers will take the longest time to reach the

shore. In the process, they will drag along the seafloor and push the sand towards

the beach.

Which type of breaker will deposit the most sand onshore and expand beaches?

20.


Measure a Wave Activity

State the formula used to calculate the speed of a wave train. Describe the units for each variable.

21. 1.5

1.5

k p

speed period

Speed is measured in knots (nautical miles per hour) and

the period is measured in seconds.


Measure a Wave Activity

Find the speed of the wave in the animation. Use SEE method.

22.

1.5speed period 6 secondsperiod

9 knotsspeed

The wave in the animation travels at ___ knots.

S:

E:

1.5 6speed E:

9


Surf Report

23. If NOAA

reports that a gale 1000 knots offshore will cause high waves with a period of 12 seconds, when should you go to the beach?

1.5speed period 12 secondsperiod

18 knotsspeed

gale speed 1000

wave speed 18

You should go to the beach in 56 hours, or 2 days and 8 hours.

S:

E:

1.5 12speed E:

56 hours


Wavelength

24. Another way to calculate the speed of a wave is

What is the wavelength in the previous problem?The wavelength is _______ miles or ______

feet. wavelengthspeedperiod

S:

E:

E:

wavelengthspeed

period

18 knotsspeed

12 secondsperiod

180.003

wavelength

0.003 18 wavelength

1 hr12 sec

3600 sec 0.003 hr

0.06 miles 5280 316

0.06 316


Wave Field Study

25. Suppose NOAA reported that a gale 2,850 knots off the shore of Oahu caused waves we witnessed during our field study. How fast were those waves traveling? What was the distance between successive waves? How long did it take for those waves to reach Waianae? Use SEE Method.


Period

The water waves are traveling at a speed of 2.5 m/s and splashing against Wilbert's perch. Each adjacent crest is 5 meters apart. How much time passes between each successive drenching?

26.

5 m

2.5 m/s

S:

E:

E:

______ seconds pass between successive waves.Wavelength: 5 mSpeed: 2.5 m/s

2 seconds

Two


Wave VolumeAssume the tsunami formed a circular wall of water around the epicenter of the earthquake. Calculate the volume of the Japan 2011 tsunami in gallons. (3.8 x 10-12 km3 = 1 gallon)

27.

2V r hS:E:

E:

The tsunami contained _______ gallons of water.Outer Radius: 85 kmInner Radius: 80 kmHeight: 14 m = 0.014 km

2 285 80 0.014V

825 0.014V 336.267 km 129.6 10 gallons

129.6 10


Wave HeightThe formula to calculate the height of a tsunami is, H = original heightD = original depth of the waterh = new height d = new depth of the waterIf the tsunami that hit Hawaii began as a 1 foot wave in 10,000 foot deep water, what was its height when it reached 5 foot deep water near the shore of Kona?

28.0.25

Dh H

d

0.25D

h Hd

S:

E: E:

The tsunami was _______ feet tall.

H = 1 ft D = 10,000 ft d = 5 ft

0.2510000

15

h

6.7 feet

6.7


Video: Tsunami AwarenessA tsunami is a series of

ocean waves caused by any large and sudden

disturbance of the sea surface.

What is the definition of a tsunami?

29.

Tsunami can be generated by landslides, volcanic

eruptions, meteorites falling into the ocean, and

earthquakes. Earthquakes cause the most tsunami.

State some causes of tsunami. What causes the most tsunami?

30.


Video: Tsunami AwarenessA bore is a large wall of

turbulent water caused by a tsunami.

Describe a bore.

31.

1. Strong earthquake that causes difficulty standing.

2. Rapid rise or fall of the water along the coast.

3. Loud ocean roar.4. Alerts from lifeguards,

police, US Tsunami Warning Centers, and NOAA All Hazards Radio.

List the tsunami warning signs.

32.


Video: Tsunami Awareness1. Keep calm.2. Walk or run to higher

ground.(100 ft above sea level or 1 mile inland).

3. Do not drive.4. Use the stairs to get to the

3rd floor or higher in a sturdy building.

5. Follow all instructions from local officials.

6. Stay out of coastal areas.

What do you need to do to stay safe during a tsunami?

33.


Tsunami Inundation Zones

What is the tsunami evacuation plan for Wai’anae High School? According to the maps, is it a reasonable plan? If you think it isn’t, suggest a better plan.

34.

When a tsunami is coming, our plan is to evacuate to Kamaile Academy on Ala Akau Street.



Tsunami Inundation Zones

When a tsunami is coming, our plan is to evacuate to Kamaile Academy on Ala Akau Street.

It is a reasonable plan because we can easily and quickly walk from Wai’anae High School to Kamaile and Kamaile is not in the flood zone. If necessary, we can easily travel farther up the mountain from that location.

What is the tsunami evacuation plan for Wai’anae High School? According to the maps, is it a reasonable plan? If you think it isn’t, suggest a better plan.

34.


Tsunami-Resistant Buildings

1. Build in a location outside the tsunami inundation zones.

2. Elevating the structure above a solid but open foundation (stilts).

3. Reinforced concrete.4. Try not to have walls that

face the ocean.5. Be able to open the doors

so the tsunami passes through.

What kinds of features do you think a house/building would need to make it tsunami-resistant?

35.

Summary

31

How do circles and functions help us to

understand the destructive force of

tsunami, so that we can better prepare ourselves and protect the people

and things we love?Surf’s Up….Way Up

Documents

Surfs Up…Way Up Intent: I ulu no ka l ā l ā i ke kumu. The branches grow because of the trunk. Essential Question: How do circles and functions help us