Supporting women entrepreneurs in agriculture 2012-2015

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Component C:

Supporting women

entrepreneurs inagriculture 2012-2015


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The report on Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture 2012-2015

would not be possible for publishing without the financial

support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark

(DANIDA).Disclaimer:

Opinions expressed in this report are of the authors and do not

necessarily represent the views of the Ministry of Foreign

Affairs of Denmark.

Editing and Revision: Lulzim ela

Press and Design:Brovina Graf - Gjakov

Published by:Women's Business Association (SHE-ERA)Ismail Qemaili, no.9Gjakov 50000, Republic of KosovoTel: +381 (0) 390 323 194

www.facebook.com/ WBA.SHEERAwww.she-era.org


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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Project team:

Mirlinda Kusari Purrini (Executive Director), Ymrane Nura (Administration/Finance),Ardiana ela-Baraku (Project Manager), Zana Rizvanolli (Co-ordinator/Trainer), EditaAxhemi-Hadri (Assistant/Trainer), Marigona Stavileci (Assistant/Trainer), BujarHaxhibeqiri (Driver/ Logistics), Kosovare Sahatqija (IT), Sabrije Jagxhiju Zhubi(Assistant/Trainer), Ardita Rizvanolli (Trainer), Linda Kosumi (Assistant/Trainer),Vjollca Salihu Jashari (Trainer), Lulzim ela (Advisor).

Steering Committee:

Mikael Erbs-Jrgensen (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark), Marie PedersenHaug (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark), Nysrete Doda (Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Rural Development), Ola Syla (NGO Grat e Krushs), MihaiConstantinescu (MAFRD DANIDA Advisor), Aferdita Syla (CB Mitrovica), FehimRexhepi (Executive Director of the Collection Point AGROCelina).

Municipal Officials of the corresponding departments:The Department for Economic Development, The Department of Agriculture,The Department for Gender Equality, The Center for Business Registration,The Department for Public Administration and the Department for Budget andFinances:Region of Gjakova: Silvana Domi, Bekim Ermeni, Lumnije Shllaku, Burim Emra;

Jakup Zylfaj, Murat Kryeziu;Municipality of Malisheva:Leonard Llolluni, Rrezarta Gaqi, Ali Gacaferri.Municipality of Junik:

: Ramiz Ramadani, Agim Zuzaku, Fatmir Halili, Valentina BunjakuRegion of GjilanRexhepi, Drita Klaiqi;

Shajzane Masurica, Etnika Krivoqa;Municipality of Kamenica:Ibrahim Rama, Ibadete Hyseni,Municipality of Vitia:Afrdita Gjoka.Municipality of Kllokot:

Nysret Maxherra, Florije Ibishi, Besa Veseli, Isuf Jashari,Region of Mitrovica:Isuf Jashari, Gjevrije Halili, Ragbete Krasniqi;Municipality of Vushtria:

Musa Lushtaku, Ismet Aliu, Hyka Imeri, Nazmi Dajaku;Municipality of Skenderaj:Branislava Mestorovic, Merita Jashanica.Municipality of Mitrovica North:

: Artan Gashi, Mehdi Mulaj, Jeton Abazaj, Feim Ademaj, FatmireRegion of PejaThaqi, Sabahate Qorkadiu;

Ramiz Rusta, Enver Mormullaku , Anton Dodaj, RexhepMunicipality of Klina:

Rexhepi;: Jashar Blakaj, Hysni Maxharraj, Januz Kabashi, Sanije MavrajMunicipality of Istog

Rugova .

3

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA


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PREFACE

This document presents an analysis of the situation of women entrepreneurs in

agriculture from 2012-2015, making a comparison of the situation of women in four

regions of Kosovo: Gjakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica and Peja. The data from this report

reflect and will serve as a tool for addressing the issues and challenges of women

farmers regarding their access to sources, information and markets.

The purpose of the project Support to women entrepreneurs in agriculture 2012-

2015 is to reach equal opportunities for men and women regarding their access toassets, education, values and economic activities which will have an impact in gender

equality toward the economic and social development aiming for a stable expansion

process with special focus on women economic empowerment.

Women's rights are respected officially within the institutional and legal framework,

including the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo and the Law on Gender Equality

(Law no.2004/2) the purpose of which is to protect and promote gender equality as a

fundamental value for Kosovo's democratic development, ensuring Gender Equalityopportunities for participation in political, economic, social, cultural and other areas

of social life.

The component for support to women farmers is focused on contributing to the

development of a national strategy for rural development 2014-2020 (ARDP), and

gender equality (The Program on Gender Equality in Kosovo and the National Plan

on Gender Equality) based on objectives including:

- Restructuring the agricultural sector in accordance with the EU requirements,

particularly Measure 6 (Rural Diversification) and improving the living standards of

the rural population in Kosovo (including poverty reduction of affected areas) which

means decrease of rural and urban inequalities by providing increased support to

less developed areas and reduce the disparities between Kosovo and the EU;

Within Kosovo's Program for Gender Equality and National Action Plan on GenderEquality 2008-2013, in particular specific purposes linked to the strategic objectives:


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Strategic objective 4:Women Economic Empowerment: increase the number of

women entrepreneurs by providing opportunities to promote access to ownership,

capital, credits;

Strategic objective 7- Improving the image of women in the media, culture and

sports;

Strategic objective 8 - Equal inclusion of both genders in decision-making

processes for all important matters of the society.


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TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgment

Preface

Table

Graphs

Abbreviations

INTRODUCTION

Chapter I

Methodology and Measuring Instruments

Application of Different Modalities and Sustainability

Training packages offered

Chapter II

The situation of Women Farmers (Year 2012/2015)

Age

Level of education

Social status

Family structure

Number of family members engaged in agricultural activities

Financial resurces

Monthly income

Land ownership

The primary and secondary activity sectors

Work experience

Issues and chalenges

Adresing Issues and chalenges

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Gender based labor division

Achievements

The cultivation,production,consumption and market placement of prod.

Farm/Business ownership by gender in rural areas

Formal and informal businesses

Market and product placement

Supply of raw materials

Financial resources

The needs for capacity building and sustainability of the business

Access to information

Sources of information

The impact of information and benefits of development programs

Investment in business (micro and small businesses)

Investment through loans from microfinance and banking institutions

Expenses and annual profit from agricultural activities

Empowering women farmers

Conclusion

RecommendationsAppendix1: Primary Questionnaires for Women Farmers (2012)

Appendix2: Secondary Questionnaire for Women Farmers (2015)



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TABLES

Table 1: Training and dhe beneficiaries of the Region of Gjakova

Table 2: Training and dhe beneficiaries of the Region of Gjilan

Table 3: Training and dhe beneficiaries of the Region of Mitrovica

Table 4: Training and dhe beneficiaries of the Region of Peja

Table 5. The overall number of women beneficiaries and BP

Table 6. The total number of women beneficaries from package C, according to

the region

the region

Table 7. The total number of women beneficaries from package D, according to



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GRAPHS

Graph Women farmers according to the region1.Graph The age of women beneficiaries2.

Graph Level of education of women beneficiaries3.

Graph Social status of women beneficiaries4.

Graph 5. Number of family members

Graph Number of employees:6:

Graph Sources of financial income7.

Graph The amount of income before and after the training8.Graph Land ownership in Hectares9.

Graph Primary and Secondary sectors of women farmers10.

Graph Years of work experience11.

Graph Issues women entrepreneurs in agriculture encounter12.

Graph13. Addressing issues and challenges

Graph Gender-based task division14.

Graph Achievements over the course of four years 2012 to 201515.

Graph The cult.,product.,consumption and market placement of products16.

Graph Farm/Business ownership by gender in rural areas17.

Graph Formal and informal businesses18.

Graph Market and product placement19.

Graph Supply of raw materials20.

Graph Financial resources21.

Graph The needs for capacity building and sustainability of the business22.

Graph Access to information23.

Graph Information sources24.

Graph The impact of information and benefits of development programs25.

Graph Investment in business (micro and small businesses)26.

Graph Investment through loans from microfinance and banking27.

institutions

Graph Expenses and yearly profit from agricultural activities28.

Graph How empowered do women feel after the training29.

9



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ABBREVIATIONS

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark

Women's Business Association

Agricultural and Rural Development Plan

Kosovo Program on Gender Equality

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development

Ministry of Education, Science and Technology

Ministry of Trade and Industry

Non-governmental OrganisationMinistry of Economy and Finance

Small and Medium Enterprises

Kosovo Agency of Statistics

Law on Gender Equality

Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare

Small Business Act

European Union

Ministry of Economic Development

10


MFA

SHE-ERA

ARDP

KPGE

MBPZHR

MEST

MTI

NGOMEF

SME

KAS

LGE

MLSW

SBA

EU

MED


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INTRODUCTION

...The woman holds a crucial role for the contribution of the family's and socialwelfare, where her productive role with or no payment is of paramount

importance in the social, economic, cultural and political areas of a country...

A number of studies during the last few years have demonstrated that gender

equality is a key factor in a country's development. The unused potential of women

remains a lost opportunity for the growth and economic development of Kosovo.

The economic participation of women promotes agricultural productivity, the

development of micro, small and medium enterprises and also enhances businessmanagement and increase in investment. Beside the encouragement and economic

growth, investing in women's businesses has a double effect since women re-invest a

large amount of their income into their families and the community. Women also

have demonstrated to play a key role in peace building an ensuring economic

stability and growth. Unfortunately, these benefits remain unrealized in Kosovo

regarding the full economic participation of women.

Developing entrepreneurship is considered an effective tool for combatingunemployment of women in Kosovo where the development of the private sector

has not yet reached its full growth stages. Women continue to encounter many

challenges in their attempt to establish new businesses or expanding the existing

ones with the purpose of decreasing unemployment rates and generating new jobs.

In general, poverty is mostly noted among women in the rural areas. Their distinct

needs and priorities are almost entirely neglected from the macro-economic

development plans of the local governments, regardless that many of these women

are engaged in agricultural activities in their daily life.

1. Gender-based employment

The data from Kosovo's Agency of Statistics (ASK) for 2014 The Workforce

Questionnaire 2014, show that the workforce has experienced a decrease in

11


Kosovo's Agency of Statistics (ASK) The results of the Workforce Questionnaire 2014 in Kosovo.This publication contains detailed information on employment and unemployment based on age,gender, work status, economic activities, professions and other similar cases that are related tothe labour market.


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consumption per capita and of the general economic state of their families, whilethe

general consumption has increased. According to the official data, the annual per

capita consumption is 1,402 Euro, which averages to 116 Euro/month, while the

family consumption is 7,625 Euro, or 635 Euro/month. The report also asserts that

less than half of Kosovo's family economies during 2014 have declared that they are

not able to afford sudden expenses of 500 Euros/month from their income. Each

month, 500 families apply for the first time for social assistance at the Ministry of

Labour and Social Welfare (MPMS). These data clearly demonstrate the high level of

poverty and unemployment in Kosovo.

The employment rate, according to the results from the Workforce Questionnaire

2014, is 26.9%. The employment rate among women of working age, is only 12.5%

compared to male employment rate which is 41.3%. The data indicates that women

are mainly employed in the education, health and trading sectors, accounting for

more than 55%, while men are mostly concentrated into production, trade and

construction with 44%. According to the results from this publication, the

participation level of women in the workforce is 41.6%. Around 1 in 5 women of

working age (21.4%) are active in the labour market, compared to three fifths of men

(61.8%). The high level of unemployment among women derives from their lowparticipation in the workforce. The data from ASK show that the unemployment rate

in 2014 was 35.3%. The unemployment rates were much higher for women with

42%, including youth, where the data show that among persons of ages 15-24 years

in the workforce, 61.0% are unemployed jresulting that from this age group the

unemployment levels are much higher among women with 71.7%, compared to men

with 56.2%.

2. Gender-based grant and subsidy beneficiaries (2012-2015):

The programs focused on the economic development and business support of

women in Kosovo, often fail to recognize the particular challenges women

entrepreneurs in agriculture encounter in general in accessing grants, subsidies,

training and mentoring offered to women at the local and central level. This is best

portrayed in the official data by the MAFRD, through a comparison (2012-2015) of

men and women beneficiaries from different grant schemes and subsidies.

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The data show that the number of women who become beneficiaries is much lower

compared to men. According to the Rural Development Plan (2014-20), a number of

developed measures provide extra points to encourage women who apply for

different grants within the selection criteria with the purpose of motivating and

empowering them. However, the official data from MAFRD demonstrate that

women are not equal beneficiaries with men.

Gender based division for the beneficiaries of investment grants for 2012 according

to Measurement 101, shows that 15.81 percent of the beneficiaries are women and

84.19 percent are men. For 2013, 2014 and 2015, women farmers and more included

in all the Measurement: Measurement 101 supports investments in physical assets in

agricultural economy; Measurement 103 supports investments in physical assets in

processing and trade of agricultural products and Measurement 302 supports

diversification of farms and business development.According to official data in

2013, gender based division of the beneficiaries of investment grants for women

increased by 0.82 percent, which translates to 16.63 percent women beneficiaries

and 83.37 percent men. This demonstrates that in 2013 there is a slight increase in

the number of women beneficiaries of investment grants by 3.99 percent, while in

2015 the percentage of women beneficiaries of investment grants is 17.38 percentcompared to men with 82.68 percent, which means that in 2015 compared to 2014,

instead of an increase in the number of women beneficiaries in investment grants,

there was a decline by 2.42 percent.

13


A number of Measurements developed under ARDP, 2014-20 place emphasis on female applicants toencourage and empower rural women and their economic and social development. Measurement 101:Investment in physical assets in agricultural economy offers additional points within the proposed systemof the selection criteria for female applicants; Measurement 302: Diversification of farms and businessdevelopment and Measurement 102:Preparation and implementation of local development strategiesMasa 302: Diversifikimi i fermave dhe zhvillimi i biznesitdhe Masa: Prgatitja dhe implementimi istrategjive zhvillimore lokale LEADER declares as a criteria of acceptance for the selection of localdevelopment strategies that 10% of LAG members must be women to ensure participation and involvementof rural women in local development activities

The Agency for Agricultural Development (AAD), the Agency's annual reports, and the public data ofMAFRD, respectively the link of AAD: http://azhb.rks-gov.net/index.php/sq-Al
http://azhb.rks-gov.net/index.php/sq-Alhttp://azhb.rks-gov.net/index.php/sq-Alhttp://azhb.rks-gov.net/index.php/sq-Al


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All the above noted assistance schemes are dedicated for agricultural businesses in

general, where rural women are rarely included and do not benefit equally

compared to men. MAFRD, during the preparation of the rural development plan

ARDP (2014-2020), has taken into full consideration the principals of gender

equality. A number of Measurements developed under ARDP, give special

consideration to women applicants to encourage the development of the project

and the implementation to strengthen and empower rural women in their economic

and social development. However, after a decade of development assistance,

women who live in rural areas are still marginalized and have relatively limited access

to information and sources. Referring the answers received directly from the

women farmers, it is established a clear picture of the actual situation of agricultural

activities and vision of women entrepreneurs.

14



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Methodology and Measuring Instruments

This analysis is the outcome of 1557 interviews conducted in four regions of Kosovo:

Gjakov, Gjilan, Mitrovica and Peja, with women farmers as the only source of

research data.

Direct answers from women farmers have helped create a clear overview of the

actual situation of agricultural activities and the vision of women farmers toward

entrepreneurship.

Methodology analysis

The analysis is designed to collect general information and on the situation of

women in rural areas. The analysis demonstrates the situation of women

entrepreneurs in agriculture during the four-year period. The primary

questionnaires were completed during the initial phase, whereas the secondary

questionnaires were completed over the years through monitoring (2012-2015).

The completion of the primary questionnaire was done through in-person

interviews. After the completion of fieldwork, the questionnaires were checked for

quality in order to single out any potential errors. The database is designed in Excel

(Microsoft Office) and the results from the interviews are shown below in these

report in graphic form and tabulated.

1. The analysis instruments the research instruments (questionnaires) were

designed during the initial phase of the four-year project, in the first trimester of

2012. 1557 women farmers were interviewed from four regions.

2. The selection process was carried out based on the age criteria (18-55), formal

education and agricultural activities, based on the objectives of the project Support

to Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture 2012-2015.

Annex 1: The questionnaires for women from the rural areas 2012-2015

1

15


CHAPTER I


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3. The beneficiary results were measured during the four-year period through

continuous monitoring and by updating the primary data during the four-

year period.

4. The monitoring process was carried out through direct meetings with

women farmers, group meetings and phone conversations.

4. During the first trimester (January-May, 2012) were conducted the

identification and selection process of the rural areas with a more

developed agricultural sector.

6. The interviews were conducted in four Regions of Kosovo: Gjakova, Peja,

Gjilan and Mitrovica.

7. During the four-year period, the database was regularly updated with the

completed, evaluated and examined questionnaires by SHE-ER A staff.

8. The data on business registration owned by women was verified by SHE-

ERA staff through business registration certificate and the fiscal number.

Application of Different Modalities and Sustainability

Achievement of the objectives of the component could not be complete through

trainings only; therefore a combination of different modalities was necessary

considering the various beneficiaries as well as the national needs for the promotion of

women entrepreneurs. Based on the strategy used during the four years, the work with

women entrepreneurs in agriculture was direct, in order to ensure the enhancement of

managerial capacities and insurance for their business. There was also work done in

increasing their awareness on equal rights in the implementation of LGE through

advocacy and lobbying at the local and central level.

Implementation of the component 2012-2015, has undertaken actions with a set

number of activities and sub-activities based on these results:

Result 1: Training on Business Skills of the Beneficiaries

Result 2: Business Plans and their monitoring

Result 3: Advice, mentoring and access of women entrepreneurs to grants, technical

and financial services (value chain).

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Value chain: Providers-Producers-Processors-Market


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Women beneficiaries were divided into the following groups:

Group A Women who have not previously participated in other trainings on

increasing their managerial capacities or compiling and developing their business

plans, low-technical skills or low access to finances.

Group B Women who have had few technical skills and have low access to finance,

but who have not participated in training.

Group C Women who have previously participated in training on increasing their

managerial capacities, but who have not implemented their business plan for

various reasons.

Group D Women who have attempted to implement their business plans but who

have not succeeded for various reasons.

Depending on the location and the number of women participants, the training

packages offered were adjusted to the special requirements of women in

agriculture, mainly for groups A and B, while groups C and D were not obligated to

participate in the one-month training How to start a successful business,

nonetheless they have been assisted with the compilation of a business plan and

opportunities for its implementation. Women beneficiaries from all four packages

have been continuously advised on the development, growth and sustainability oftheir business and were monitored and mentored. They have also received technical

assistance from governmental institutions at the local and central level and other

development partners (international agencies, financial and micro-finance

institutions).

Training packages offered

- Packages A and B - The training was held in four regions: Gjakov, Gjilan, Pej and

Mitrovica from the beginning of January 2012 until June 2015, according to the work

plan anticipated in the project. Beneficiaries for each region were ten (10) groups of

women from the rural areas.

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Region of Gjakova:

From June-November 2013, according to the workplan, SHE-ERA held ten (10) one-month training How to start a successful business courses, with women

beneficiaries women from the following rural areas: Crmjan, Molliq, Batush,

Rracaj, Pacaj, Novosell, Janosh, Trakaniq, Lugbunar, Sopot, Qerim, Ujiz, Fshaj, Sma,

Junik, Malishev, Banja e Malishevs, Kijev, Morali, Turjak, Drenoc, Vermnic,

Mleqan, Mirush, Lubisht, Firaj, Gramaqel, Dobrigje, Bec, Zhdrell.

18


Place PeriodNumber of

trained women

Number ofindividual

business plans

Number ofgrup

business plans

Total 250 218 32

24

26

22

22

28

25

22

24

27

30

24

22

18

16

28

24

20

22

19

25

-

4

4

6

-

1

2

2

8

5

Crmjan

Malishev

Molliq

Rracaj

Novosell

Bec

Dobrigje

Ujz

Junik gr.I

Junik gr.II

June 2012

July 2012

August 2012

October 2012

November 2012

February 2013

February 2013

March 2013

September 2013

November 2013

Table 1: Training and beneficiaries of the Region of Gjakova


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Region of Mitrovica:

From August 2013-May 2014, in this region have benefited women from the

following rural areas: Vushtrri, Runik, Syrigan, Vernic, Pemishte, Kernic,

Klladernic, Samadrexh, Trnac, Tushill, Mitrovic Veriore, Leposaviq, Zvecan,

Zubin Potok, Suvi-Du, Leshak, Klin e poshtme, itak, Kllodernic, Stariterg, Vidishiq,

Cernush, Kutllovc, Shipol, Reke, Kqik I madh.

Beneficiaries of this activity in the region of Mitrovica are 261 women farmers for

whom have been compiled 185 individual BP and 78 group BP. The complete training

information is presented in the table below.

20


Total

Vushtri gr.I

Runik

Vushtri gr.II

Syrigan

Tuneli i par gr.I

Tuneli i par gr.II

Mitrovic V gr.I

Mitrovic V gr.II

Mitrovic V gr.III

Mitrovic V gr.IV

August 2013

September 2013

October 2013

November 2013

December 2013

January 2014

February 2014

February 2013

March 2013

April 2013

21 6 15

26 25 1

20 19 1

26 13 13

27 6 21

22 22 2

24 20 4

30 21 9

30 18 12

35 35 -

261 185 78


trained women

Number ofindividual

business plans

Number ofgrup

business plans

Table 3: Training and beneficiaries in the Region of Mitrovica


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Region of Peja:

the training was held from March 2014- June 2015. Women participants in the

training were from the following rural areas: Bokshiq, Klin, Poterq, Deiq, Loxh,Ramun, Zahaq, Pavlan, Llabjan, Dobrdol, Rashiq, Gllogjan, Saradran, Treboviq,Katundi i ri, Nabrgjan, Kosuriq, Dubov e vogl, Vitomiric, Nakel, Bllogoj.

Beneficiaries of this activity in the Region of Peja were 293 women farmers. 221

individual BP and 76 group BP have been compiled. The complete training

information is presented in the table below.

21


Total

Klin March 2014

Loxh April 2014

Zahaq September 2014

Dobrdol October 2014

Gllogjan November 2014

Novosell February 2015

Saradran March 2015

Treboviq April 2015

Katundi i ri May 2015

Nabrgjan June 2015

23 20 4

21 17 6

24 18 8

30 22 8

30 24 6

35 28 7

30 25 5

35 24 11

30 18 11

35 25 10

293 221 76


trained women

Number ofindividual

business plans

Number ofgrup

business plans

Table 4: Training and beneficiaries of the Region of Peja


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The table below presents the overall results of women entrepreneurs in agriculture,

who have successfully attended the training in four regions (Gjakova, Gjilan, Peja and

Mitrovica). A total of 1041 women have benefited from packages A and B, and 1087

BP have been compiled from which 860 are individual BP and 229 are group BP.

Regions Beneficiaries of package C

Total 607

125

35

12

143

Gjakov

Gjilan

Pej

Mitrovic

Region

Total

Trained women

1041

Individualbusiness plans

860

Groupbusiness plans

229

Total BP

1087

218

234

185

221

32

43

78

76

250

277

263

297

Gjakov

Gjilan

Pej

Mitrovic

250

237

261

293

- Women Beneficiaries of Packages C and D

Package C included women entrepreneurs in agriculture who have previously

participated in other trainings offered by different organizations and institutions to

increase their managerial capacities and have intended to complete their business

plans, however have not shown a satisfactory success in their business development

process.

22


Table 5. The overall number of women beneficiaries and BP

Table 6. The total number of women beneficiaries from package C, according to the region


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From this package have benefited 315 women entrepreneurs in agriculture who

have been provided assistance through advice, BP compilation, information and

support for their participation in fairs, training offered by other development

partners, conferences, round tables, study visits, and opportunities to apply to

different schemes by the local and central government and supporting programs

from financial institutions such as EBRD & TEB Bank.

Package D a total of 607 women entrepreneurs who have benefited have managed

to increase their business managing capacities. This package has offered

information on fiscal policies, business registration procedures, local and regional

market information for placing the products at the local market, information on

business development and expansion, business sustainability through

governmental grants and potential donors in Kosovo and creating a value chain

which affects women economic empowerment.

Regions Beneficiaries of package D

Total 607

173

261

29

144

Gjakov

Gjilan

Pej

Mitrovic

23


Table 7. The total number of women beneficiaries of the D package according to the regions


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The situation of Women Farmers (Year 2012/2015)

The data present the initial phase during the first six months of 2012 and the

beginning of 2013, where 1557 women from the rural areas were interviewed from

four regions of Kosovo: Gjakova, Gjilan, Peja and Mitrovica, beneficiaries of the

component Support to Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture 2012-2015.

Meanwhile, from the training packages have benefited 1041 women who have

fulfilled the required criteria. Also, the data present the final phase of the

continuous monitoring of women entrepreneurs in agriculture of this component, at

the end of 2015.

Next will appear in the data of the beneficiary women.

Below are the general data of women beneficiaries. The initial percentage

interviews for the recruitment of women farmers who benefited from the four-yearprogram are: Gjakova 24.02%, Gjilan 22.77%, Mitrovica 25.07% and Peja 28.15%. The

interest to increase managerial capacities of women farmers was clearly higher and

surpassed the project objective, in particular with groups from the regions of

Mitrovica and Peja.

24


2

CHAPTER II


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Graph 1. Women farmers according to the region

28.15%

25.07%22.77%

24.02%

PEJ MITROVIC GJILAN GJAKOV


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18-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 Over 55

31.12%

18.54%

32.66%

16.04%

1.63%

35.00%

30.00%

25.00%

20.00%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0.00%

26

2. AGE

During the analysis 1557 women carrying out agriculture activities were interviewedwith the purpose of identifying women who fulfill the age criteria in order to benefit

from the program. The data below show the age of women who were interviewed

during the initial phase:

18-25 years of age were 31.12 % ,

26-35 years of age were 18.54 %,

36-45 years of age were 32.66 %,

46-55 years of age were 16.04 %, while women above 55 years of age

accounted for 1.63 %


Graph 2. The age of women beneficiaries


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3. LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Formal education was one of the key criteria for the selection of womenbeneficiaries. From 1557 women who were interviewed in four regions, 1041 who

fulfilled the education criteria benefited from packages A and B. This data shows

that 2.11 % had completed elementary school, 41.02 % had completed secondary

school, while 36.60 % of women who participated in training completed high school.

20.27 % of women who carry out agriculture activities have obtained a university

degree.


20.27%

36.60%

41.02%

2.11%University

High School

Secondary School

Elementary School

Graph 3.Level of education of women beneficiaries


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12.01%

68.20%

19.12%

0.48%0.19%

housewife working other studentEarly

retirement

28

4. SOCIAL STATUS

The social status of women farmers was divided into five categories during theinterviews in four regions. Data show that: 12.01 % are employed part-time in the

processing sector, 68.20 % are housewives, 19.12 % are students, women with an

early employment and who had previously participated in trainings accounted for

0.48 %, while 0.19 % of women are involved in handicrafts besides their agricultural

activities.


Graph 4.Social status of women beneficiaries


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5. FAMILY STRUCTURE

The families of women beneficiaries consist of immidiate and extended familymembers. The following family scheme resulted from the data in fieldwork:

4.13 % have less than 3 family members;

53.99 % have 3-6 family members;

33.43 % have 7-9 family members;

7.49 % have 10-15 family members and

0.96 % have more than 15 family members.


More than 15

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00%

10-15 members

7-9 members

3-6 members

3 or less

0.96%

7.49%

33.43%

53.99%

4.13%

Graph 5. Number of family members


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6. NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBERS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURAL

ACTIVITIES

The family members of women entrepreneurs are actively engaged in agricultural

activities and the following data show their participation in such activities. From the

situation analysis we can conclude that the initial phase so far accounts for 3.55 % of

the rural families which do not carry out any agricultural activity because they have

moved to urban areas, have migrated or have health issues The data show that the.

businesses of women in agriculture are mostly micro or small, where 95 % of women

have declared to have 1-9 employees, while 1.44 % have declared they have more

than 10 employees (10-49). The data also demonstrate that from 1041 womenbeneficiaries from packages A and B from the four focus regions we have not

encountered a women entrepreneur in agriculture with more than 50 employees.

The family members engaged in a business managed by women, are registered as employees including thepart-time employees hired during the season.

Women declared during the last monitoring at the end of 2015, that they do not practice agricultural

activities because have changes location, do not live in rural areas, have health issues, have migratedabroad,have taken on other family businesses and have married into families that are not involved inagriculture..


Graph 6: Number of employees

250.00%

200.00%

150.00%

100.00%

50.00%

0.00%

Do notwork

1-9employees

10-49employees

50-249employees

More than250

employees

January 2012 0.00% 98.27% 1.73% 0.00% 0.00%

December 2015 3.55% 95.00% 1.44% 0.00% 0.00%


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7. FINANCIAL RESOURCES

The financial resources are divided into 9 financial categories: 69.16% of the womenhave initially indicated that they secure their income through the monthly salary of

an employed family (year 2012), while now this has dropped to 55.33%, pensions

account for 27.86%, social assistance for 11.91%, scholarships for 0.58%,

honorariums for 0.96%, income from the sale of agricultural products for 48.80%

which has now increased to 50.72%, the income from rent has been 0.38% while now

has increased to 2.21%, income from family businesses has accounted for 4.90% in

2012 (now has increased to 5.67%) and 6.82% receive remittances from their family

members who live abroad. The collected data also show an increase in sales ofagricultural products during the four-year period from 48.80% initially to 50.72% in

2015 according to the last monitoring phase.


140.00%

120.00%

100.00%

80.00%

60.00%

40.00%

20.00%

0.00%

Salaries Pensi-ons

Social

Assis-tence

Scholar-ships Honor-arium

Sale ofagricul-

tureprodu-cts

Income

fromrent

Businessincome Remitt-ances

January 2012 69.16% 27.86% 11.91% 0.58% 0.96% 48.80% 0.38% 4.90% 6.82%

December 2015 55.33% 31.51% 12.87% 1.34% 3.84% 50.72% 2.21% 5.67% 9.41%

Graph 7: Sources of financial income


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60.0

0%

50.0

0%

40.0

0%

30.0

0%

20.0

0%

10.0

0%

0.0

0%

0-100

9.7

0%

5.6

7%

14.5

1%

16.4

3%

19.0

2%

30.0

7%

15.2

7%

17.7

7%

19.6

0%

13.1

6%

6.9

2%

5.0

9%

7.7

8%

3.6

5%

3.2

7%

2.6

9%

2.21%

3.46%

0.7

7%

0.6

7%

0.4

8%

0.5

8%

0.2

9%

0.5

8%

0.1

9%

0.1

9%

101-

200

201-

300

301-

400

401-

500

50

1-

60

0

601-

700

701-

800

801-

1100

1101-

1300

1301-

1600

1601-

3000

3001-

5000

Janua

ry2012

Decemb

er2015

32

8.M

ONTHLYINCOM

E

Thefamilymonthlyincomederivingfroma

griculturepro

ductsisdividedinto13variedrelations.

Theanaly

sisofthe

econo

micstatusofthefamilies

hasdemonstratedanincreaseinincomeafterthe

training,whichindicatesa

basisfor

stabilityinthefamily'seconomy

forwomenfarmersinfour

regions.

Graph8.

Theamountofincomebeforeandafterthetraining


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9. LAND OWNERSHIP

The graph below shows the data of women who have land in the family's ownershipin Hectares From the 1557 women interviewed, it results that the majority

8 .

(43.27%) of their families own 05-3 Ha. of cultivated land. This is insufficient to

increase women's managerial capacities in production and increase their income,

which ensures business sustainability. 16.33% of the families of the interviewed

women entrepreneurs in agriculture had in their ownership 0.5 Ha, while 22.19%

owned 3-5 Ha of land. 8.45% of the families own 5-10 Ha. of land, 2.11% own 10-25

Ha while 0.29% of the families own 25-50 Ha of land and more than 50 Ha is owned by

a small % of only 0.19%. The land ownership has significant impact in businessexpansion and the ability to qualify for various grants and credits. 8.17% of the

women declared that they do not have land under their ownership, while 4.90%

carry out agricultural activities in leased land with no fees from relatives and 8.36%

lease the land for a set fee.

Official data from 2012, 2013 and 2014 shows that 8 percent of the property was under femaleownership while in 2015 this has increased to 14 percent

33



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Inownership

Inusewithoutrent

Inusewithrent

Les

sthan

0.5

Ha

16.3

3%

1.8

3%

1.3

4%

0.5

Ha

Documents

Supporting women entrepreneurs in agriculture 2012-2015