Supporting the Implementation and Advancement of Vehicle Emission

Policies in Southeast Asia23-24, February 2016, Discovery Suites Ortigas

Pasig City, Metro Manila, Philippines

The Status of Vehicle Emission Standards

in Myanmar

Ms. Htwe Htwe WinAssistant Director

Department of Meteorology and HydrologyMYANMAR

Content• Country Profile

• Institutions relating to EST

• Existing Legislation

• Current performance of Vehicle inspection

• Future Plan

• Conclusion

Name of Country

The Republic of The Unionof Myanmar

Location• Northwest of Indochina Peninsula• Border: India, Bangladesh, China, Laos,

Thailand

Area 676,578km2

Population 60.98 M person (2014. 4)

LocalGovernment

14 LGU (7 State + 7 District)

Major City• Capital : Nay Pyi Taw, from 2005• Yangon : economic center• Mandalay : second city, north central hub

NationBurma (68%), Shan (9%), Karen (7%),? Rakhine people (4%), other Chinese (3%), Indian (2%)

Language Burmese

ReligionBuddhist 89.4%, Christian 4.9%, Muslim 3.9% , Hindu 0.5%

GDP $ 59,427M (2013)

GDP/ 1person

$ 914.94

EconomyGrowth

7.5% (2013)

Industry structure

Agricultural and aquatic (29%) and services (38%), industrial (32%), and other

LocationLGU Map

Information

Country Profile

Institutions relating to EST

• National Commission for Environmental Affairs (NCEA)

• Ministry of Rail Transportation (Road Transport

Administration Department)

• Ministry of Transport

• City Development Committees

• Ministry of Rail Transportation

(Road Transport Administration Department (RTAD) is

the most responsible organization because urban

transportation mainly depends on bus system

Major Public Transport

- Road Transport

-Railways

-Airways

-Coastal Shipping

-Internal Waterways

EST Relating Policies & Legislations

• The Defile Traffic Act (1907)

• The Highways Act (1907)

• The Towns Act (1907)

• The Petroleum Act (1934)

• The Factory Act (1951)

• Motor Vehicle Law (1964) & the Law Amending the 1964

• Motor Vehicle Rules (1989)

EST Relating Policies & Legislations

•The Union of Myanmar Public Health Law (1990)

•The Private Industrial Enterprise Law (1991)

•The Mandalay City Development Law (1992)

•The City of Yangon Municipal Act (1922) & the Law

Amending the City of Yangon Municipal Act (1991)

•The Development Committee Law (1993)

•The Science & Technology Development Law (1994)

•National Health Policy (1993)

•National Environment Policy (1994)

•Myanmar Agenda 21 (1997)

•National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines 2015

• Bus Routes - 310 Nos (15 Main Organizations)

• Bus Fleet - 6330 Nos

• Bus Trip/day - 30876 Trips

• Passenger/day - 3.14 Millions

Current Status of Yangon Urban Transportation(Mainly depends on bus system)

Current Status of Yangon Urban Transportation

Number of Parami Taxi in

Yangon

239

Number of City Taxi in Yangon

37533

Current Status of Vehicle in Yangon

Existing situation of Circular RailCurrent Status in Yangon

- Myanmar Railways runs 21 sets of train

- Total 200 trips are running every day, carrying about 130,000 passengers

per day.

- Carrying about 48 million passengers per year.

Non-motorized Transport• Bicycles and trishaws are used in the suburbs of Yangon

and other major Cities

• Bicycles are widely used in Mandalay

• NMV are used in all country sides (except hilly regions)

• NMV are limited to CBD of Cities during day time

Special lane for non‐motorized vehicles

NMT in Big Cities (Nay Pyi Taw,Yangon and Mandalay)

• City Development Committees of Nay Pyi Taw, Yangon and Mandalay are

responsible agencies for the enforcement of City Development Committee Laws.

• Rules and regulations for NMT management is a part of the city Development

Committee Laws (e.g. Licensing and monitoring of NMT vehicles).

• Rules applicable to pedestrians are also included in the Motor Vehicles Law.

• For the road safety, some areas are prohibited NMT vehicles.

• Pedestrians over paths and bicycle lanes are constructed in some areas.

• NMT takes a major role for public transport in other cities and rural areas.

• Under the Ministry of Progress of Border Areas and National Races,

City Development Committees issue licenses and monitor NMT vehicles.

• Awareness activities especially for school children are conducted

by City Development Committees and Traffic Police.

NMT in other cities

Some land use measure

Yangon

Mandalay

Measures to traffic congestion and problems

• Traffic police patrols are placed along the main roads of Yangon

• Using one-way road system

• Defining no entry zone for slow moving vehicles

• Defining no entry zone for over 3 tons vehicles

• Prohibited car parking at a particular roads

• Prohibited car parking at a particular roads in the

morning and evening hour

• Permit only passenger buses to use right way of the road

• Defining ''No Horn Zone'' in CBD area 16

Some measure to traffic congestion Pedestrians footpath and overpass

Traffic Safety Lane Directional arrow bollard Road Safety Guard

Rail

Traffic Safety Lane Direction arrow(Keep right) No Horn Zone

Sources Air Pollution in Yangon

Mobile Source – Vehicle

Stationary Source – Industries

Area Source - Waste Burning, Road Dust and

Open Cooking

Road Side Air Quality Monitoring

PM(µg/m3) NO2 and SO2(µg/m3)

Commercial Area 342.58µg/m3, 177.69µg/m3

Residential Area 168.61µg/m3, 68.59µg/m3 1.14µg/m3, 23.22µg/m3

Industrial Area 127.32µg/m3, 66.95µg/m3 0.37µg/m3, 28.36µg/m3

Current Performance of Vehicle Inspection

Road Transport Administration Department,

under the Ministry of Rail Transportation carries out

the registration and inspection of the vehicles in

accordance with the Article 3 of the Chapter II in 1964

Motor Vehicle Law.

Road Transport Administration Department

carries out the following vehicle inspection:

Initial Inspection

Renewal Inspection

Methods of Vehicle Inspection are as follows:

Visual Inspection

Inspection with Machine

Vehicle Inspection & Tester Manual

Tester Manual

1. Lighting Equipment

2. Braking System

3. Steering System

4. Exhaust System

5. Tyres &Wheels

6. General Items

7. Dimension &Weight

• 1993 Tester Manual

• 1998 Tester Manual

Vehicle Inspection

Types of Vehicle

(a) Passenger vehicle

(b) Light Truck

(c) Heavy Truck

(d) Bus

(e) Other

(f) Two Wheelers

(g) Three Wheelers

(h) Trawlergi

(i) Machinery

MACHINE TEST

Machine test are as follows:

(1) Brake Test

(2) Side Slip Test

(3) Headlamp Test

(4) Exhaust Emission Test

(5) Noise Test

(6) Weight Bridge

Side Slip TesterBrake Tester

Head Lamp Tester

Machine Test

Exhaust Emission Teste

Machine test

Noise Test

Weight Bridge

Vehicle Emission Control, Standard, Inspection and

Maintainace

Practicing Standard of Road Transport Administration Department -

Exhaust Emission (Smoke) < 50% Bosch Unit (ASEAN Standard)

End-of-Life Cars Scrapping Program:

In Myanmar, End-of-Life cars scrapping program has been started

since 19th October 2011. The purposes of this program are to mitigate the

pollution caused by old cars and to promote standards of the cars. Firstly,

over 40 years old cars were scrapped and secondly, over 30 years old cars

were scrapped. At present, over 20 years old cars are being scrapped.

Road Side Inspection

Phase 1 – give warning notice and force to maintain the exhaust system

of vehicle

Phase 2 – withdraw the issued vehicle registration certificate and vehicle

inspection certificate

Phase 3 – take punishment

Sr.

No

Type of

Vehicle2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

1 Passenger 242525 259715 263046 281575 359772 398726 448352

2Truck(Lift

Duty)25596 27623 29173 29478 21043 89427 180622

3Truck(Heavy

Duty)34702 36355 38053 41075 60945 53597 58031

4 Bus 19837 20717 20065 19522 49760 23134 25397

5Optional

Vehicles14356 15590 15212 17603 21978 34443 50586

6 Two Wheel 1674246 1880986 1933673 3153201 3418918 3975824 4504814

7 Three Wheel 7874 12842 15867 36220 49639 58775 72723

Total 2019136 2253825 2315089 3578674 3982055 4633926 5340525

List of Registered Vehicles in Myanmar ( 2009 –2015 )

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

4000000

4500000

5000000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Passenger

Truck(Lift Duty)

Truck(Heavy Duty)

Bus

Optional Vehicles

Two Wheel

Three Wheel

Growth of Vehicle Population in Myanmar ( 2009 – 2015 )

Sr.

NoType of Vehicle Gasoline Diesel C.N.G L.P.G E.V HV Total

1 Passenger 336561 109373 2260 11 64 83 448352

2 Truck(Lift Duty) 61751 116168 2605 98 180622

3Truck(Heavy

Duty)903 56196 918 14 58031

4 Bus 1605 17844 5943 5 25397

5Optional

Vehicles2184 47938 462 2 50586

6 Two Wheel 4501265 3549 4504814

7 Three Wheel 72085 221 14 403 72723

Total4976354 347740 12202 130 4016 83 5340525

Type of Fuel (Vehicles - 2015)

Type of Fuel (2015)

Fuel

Passenger

Truck(Lift Duty)

Truck(Heavy Duty)

Bus

Optional Vehicles

Two Wheel

Three Wheel

FUTURE PLAN

-Extension of inspection with machine.

-Increasing times of surprised check (road-side inspection).

-Promotion of standard for emission.

-Collaborating & Cooperation with other related departments

(Environmental Conservation Department, Ministry of Energy; Ministry of

Transport , City Development Committee,…).

-Conducting of Publicity awareness.

-Reduction in tax rate of electric vehicles which do not emit smoke.

-For passenger cars replacement, the lowest Model Year is identified.

'2000' now and it is planned to alter the lowest Model Year , '2003' next

year according to vehicle import policy.

CONCLUSION

- Road Safety affairs have been carried out by related departments and

organizations after designating 12 sectors in National Road Safety

Committee (NRSC).

-Environmental issues are inserted in the Revised Law.