SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Ubiquitous detection of artificial sweeteners and iodinated X-ray contrast media in aqueous samples of environment and wastewater treatment plant in Vietnam, Philippines and Myanmar

Yuta WATANABE1), Leu Tho BACH2), Pham Van DINH2), Maricar PRUDENTE3), Socorro AGUJA4), Nyunt PHAY5), Haruhiko NAKATA1)

1. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555

Japan.2. Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering (NUCE), 55 Giai Phong,

Hanoi, Vietnam. 3. Science Education Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, Malate, Manila, 1004 Metro Manila, Philippines4. De La Salle-Araneta University, Victoneta Compound, Malabon, Manila, Philippines5. Pathein University, Ayeyarwady Region, Pathein, Myanmar.

Category　 Name CAS# M.W. Water Solubility (mg/L)* log Koc* log Kow*

Artificial sweeteners

Acesulfame K 55589-62-3 201.24 1.00×106 -0.394 -2.67

Sucralose 56038-13-2 397.64 2.28×104 -0.723 -1.00

Saccharin Na 128-44-9 183.18 2.10×104 0.365 -0.89

Cyclamate 100-88-9 179.23 1.00×106 -0.162 -1.61

Aspartame 22839-47-0 294.31 1.00×106 0.0810 0.0700

Iodinated X-ray contrast media

Iopamidol 60166-93-0 777.09 1.00×106 -1.76 -1.38

Iohexol 66108-95-0 821.14 1.00×106 -2.13 -2.81

Iopromide 73334-07-3 791.12 3.35×105 -1.67 -2.49

Diatrizoic acid 117-96-4 613.92 8.24×102 0.863 1.37

Metrizoic acid 1949-45-7 627.94 1.37×103 1.16 1.58* Estimated by EPI suite

Iohexol(IHX)

Iopromide(IPM)

Diatrizoic acid(DIA)

Metrizoic acid(MTA)

Iopamidol(IPO)

Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICMs)

Aspartame(ASP)

Cyclamate(CYC)

Acesulfame(ACE)

Saccharin(SAC)

Artificial sweeteners (ASs)

Sucralose(SUC)

Fig. S1 Chemical structures and physicochemical properties of artificial sweeteners and iodinated X-ray contrast media analyzed in this study

50 km0 25

Vietnam (n=43, 2013): Groundwater: Surface water: WWTP

HaiphongHalongHanoi area

Gulf of Tonkin

Fig. S2 Map showing the sampling stations in Vietnam, 2013.

1000 m0 250 500

pond

WWTP

10 km40 1 2

Hanoi area

Cua Cam River

Lach Tray River

HP05

HP01

HP06

HP02

HP04 HP03

5 km20 1

Haiphong

HL01

HL03

HL02

4 km0 1 2

LU01LU02

LU03

LU04

LU05

LU06HO5

HN2HN1

HN5

HN4HN3

HO1

Halong

Hanoi downtown area

Hong River

HO2

HO3

HO4Canal

HN6

HN7

HN8

HN9

Lu River

Halong Bay

1000 km0 500

Manila area

Philippines (n=5, 2015)

50 km0 25

Manila area

Lamon BayManila

Bay

Fig. S3 Map showing the sampling stations in Philippines, June 2014.

4 km0 2

Manila Bay

Pasig RiverPH1

PH2

PH3

PH4

PH5South China Sea

Manila downtown

Manila downtown

1000 km0 500

Fig. S4 Map showing the sampling stations in Myanmar in 2014.

4 km0 24 km0 2

Myanmar (n=8, 2014)

50 km0 25

YangonPathein

Gulf of

Bengal

Martaban bay

PA1

PA2

PA3

PA4

YA1

YA2

YA3

YA4

Myanmar

Pathein Yangon

Gulf of Bengal

South China Sea

Pathin River

Yangon River

Fig. S5 Weekly variations of artificial sweeteners concentrations in influents of WWTP in Vietnam

Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue0

200

400

600

Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue0

400

800

1200

1600

Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

Acesulfame Sucralose

Saccharin

Con

cent

rati

on (

ng/L

)

Vietnam 　 　 　 　 Philippines 　 　 　 　

sample # Date (yy/mm/dd) Latitude (Nº) Longitude (Eº) Remarks sample # Date (yy/mm/dd) Latitude (Nº) Longitude (Eº) RemarksHO1 131105 21 05 20.3 105 46 13.8 River water PH1 140608 14 59 54.0 121 00 14.6 River waterHO2 131105 21 04 45.1 105 50 12.6 River water PH2 140608 14 58 68.5 120 99 49.1 River waterHO3 131105 20 57 06.1 105 53 14.1 River water PH3 140608 14 59 50.6 120 97 66.6 River waterHO4 131105 20 56 41.1 105 52 55.9 River water PH4 140608 14 57 80.0 120 97 47.5 River waterHO5 131105 20 55 13.4 105 54 33.1 River water PH5 140608 14 56 60.1 120 99 75.5 River waterCanal 131105 20 56 49.6 105 53 00.6 CanalLU1 131202 21 00 41.3 105 49 51.7 Pond

LU2 131202 21 00 25.9 105 49 55.8 River water Myanmar 　 　 　 　LU3 131202 21 00 20.5 105 48 58.3 River water sample # Date (yy/mm/dd) Latitude (Nº) Longitude (Eº) RemarksLU4 131202 20 59 56.7 105 50 09.5 River water PA1 141203 16 82 50.1 94 73 26.5 River waterLU5 131202 20 58 58.6 105 50 05.3 River water PA2 141203 16 79 51.0 94 72 54.8 River waterLU6 131202 20 59 27.2 105 49 49.8 Pond PA3 141203 16 77 61.6 94 71 99.1 River waterHP1 131208 20 51 59.5 106 40 40.1 River water PA4 141203 16 75 68.0 94 71 45.8 River waterHP2 131208 20 51 07.8 106 44 47.6 River water YA1 141204 16 76 79.3 96 16 20.3 River waterHP3 131208 20 49 23.9 106 48 24.2 River water YA2 141204 16 82 73.3 96 11 72.5 River waterHP4 131208 20 49 44.0 106 41 52.3 River water YA3 141204 16 83 48.0 96 13 54.0 River waterHP5 131208 20 50 39.7 106 39 16.4 River water YA4 141204 16 77 86.1 96 17 81.8 River waterHP6 131208 20 48 59.8 106 37 00.7 River water

HN01 131203 21 02 54.4 105 31 34.0 GroundwaterHN02 131203 21 02 23.7 105 30 45.4 GroundwaterHN03 131206 21 05 05.5 105 46 17.5 GroundwaterHN04 131206 21 05 01.2 105 46 32.0 GroundwaterHN05 131206 21 04 19.6 105 46 38.7 GroundwaterHN06 131206 20 59 56.6 105 52 44.9 GroundwaterHN07 131206 20 59 50.1 105 52 57.2 GroundwaterHN08 131206 20 59 25.6 105 52 32.1 GroundwaterHN09 131206 21 00 30.7 105 51 16.4 GroundwaterHL01 131210 21 03 53.8 107 20 49.7 GroundwaterHL02 131210 21 05 36.0 107 25 02.6 GroundwaterHL03 131210 20 56 40.0 107 06 35.5 Groundwater

Table S1 Geographical information on sampling stations in this study