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MFEQPGX 5

NIPXB@WMPNBI

5)5Lgigred

Es e rgsudt bo tfg gvgr+ nimrgesnil mbkpgtntnbi wntfni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry mbkpeings

ibw tgi` tb rgspbi` kbrg orgqugitdy$ gdgmtnvgdy ei` goonmngitdy tb mustbkgrs rgqunrgkgits)

Eibtfgr snlinonmeit mfeilg ni tfg mbimgpt bo kb`gri husnigss keielgkgit ns tfet ni`nvn`ued

husnigssgs ei` mbkpeings erg ib dbilgr mbkpgtnil es sbdg eutbibkbus gitntngs hut retfgr es

suppdy mfenis) Pfg mfeddgilg ns tb mrgetg e mbkpgtntnvg e`veitelg ni ei uimgrteni

givnrbikgit ni wfnmf gifeimgkgit bo suppdy mfeni keielgkgit kust hg `rnvgi hy tfg

mbrpbretg stretgly enkg` et nimrgesnil sfergfbd`gr vedug &Hdei`bi / Xgvgdgs$ 8115.)

Fbwgvgr$ kbst mbkpeings hbtf ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry ei` btfgr sgmtbrs$ gspgmneddy

skedd ei` kg`nuk gitgrprnsgs$ botgi oend tb `gsnli ei` keielg tfgnr suppdy mfenis ni e

prbontehdg wey$ es tfgy sggk ibt tb ui`grstei` tfg mbkpdgx `yieknms bo ]uppdy Mfeni

Keielgkgit &]MK.$ nlibrnil tfg ldbhed espgmts bo ]MK$ ei` tfus oendnil tb mbbr`nietg

edbil tfg ]uppdy Mfeni &Mfgi+Hurlgr ei` Xbvetsbs$ 811>.) Pb`ey ]uppdy Mfeni

Keielgkgit ns big bo tfg kbst `nsmussg` tbpnms ni lgigred keielgkgit) Pfg nkpdnmetnbis bo

tfg `gmnsnbis ke`g ni fbw ei brleinzetnbi ruis nts suppdy mfeni lbgs bi tb eoogmt fbw tfg

wfbdg bpgretnbis bo tfg brleinzetnbi) Fgimg obr sustenig` dbil tgrk summgss tb hg emfngvg` ni

eiy brleinzetnbi es wgdd es mbkpeings ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry tfg suppdy mfeni stretgly

kust e``rgss mbddehbretnbi ei` ednlikgit bo bhcgmtnvgs ekbil suppdy mfeni pertigrs) Obr tfg

mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry tb emfngvg nkprbvg` pgrobrkeimg tfgrg rgkenis e iukhgr bo mrntnmed

nssugs tfet igg` tb hg mbisn`grg` ei` rgmtnong`)

]uppdy Mfeni Keielgkgit &]MK. fes hggi erbui` obr bvgr tfg dest 87 ygers gxnstnil

prg`bknieitdy ni sgmtbrs tfet erg fnlfdy bi e pfysnmed suppdy mfeni gxekpdgs bo sumf sgmtbrs

erg Mbistrumtnbi &wfgrg 70' bo tfg ni`ustry ns mbimgrig` ehbut suppdy mfeni keielgkgit tb

sbkg br e lrget gxtgit.$ Keiuoemturnil / Gilniggrnil &7=' ns mbimgrig` ehbut suppdy mfeni

keielgkgit. ei` Xgtend / \fbdgsedg &0>' ns mbimgrig` ehbut suppdy mfeni keielgkgit.

&NMEG\$ 811>.) Fbwgvgr$ ni tfg keiuoemturnil sgmtbr ]MK fes hggi `gvgdbpg` ei` wn`gdy

ui`grstbb` obr e iukhgr bo `gme`gs ei` tfus oer lrgetdy nkprbvg` tfgnr mbkpgtntnvgigss

&_rncfbgo ei` Jbsjgde$ 8111. wfgrges ni tfg mbistrumtnbi sgmtbr ]MK ns e kumf kbrg rgmgit

erge bo nitgrgst wfnmf ns stndd hgnil gxpdbrg` hy tfg stejgfbd`grs"pgbpdg ni mbistrumtnbi

&mdngits$ mbitremtbrs$ suppdngrs ei` suh+mbitremtbrs. ni br`gr tb esmgrteni tfg `yieknms bo

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]MK ei` nimrgesg mbkpgtntnvg e`veitelg &Erhudu ei` Hedder`$ 8110.) Emmbr`nil tb @edg gt)

ed)$ 5>>0 tfg mbimgpt bo ]MK ns vngwg` es e stretglnm tbbd wfnmf ns vnted tb mbrpbretg

mbkpgtntnvgigss ei` prbontehndnty ni tfg murrgit husnigss bpgretnil givnrbikgit &Hurlgss$

5>>6. wfgrg mbkpeings erg mbisteitdy mfeilnil tfgnr bpgretnbis stretgly$ kgtfb`s ei`

tgmfibdbly &wfnmf nimdu`gs tfg nkpdgkgitetnbi bo ]MK pere`nlk. hy kejnil rgdgitdgss

goobrts ni gisurnil tfgy odgxnhndnty ns bi tfg mbisteit nimrgesg ei` ni turi tfgnr mbkpgtntnvgigss

&_rncfbgo / Jbsgje$ 8111.)

]MK gvbdvgs orbk dblnstnms tfet fes tb `b wntf hrgejnil `bwi gxnstnil herrngrs hgtwggi

`gpertkgits ni br`gr tb eddbw obr goonmngit ei` googmtnvg prb`umtnvg butput ni ei brleinzetnbi)

Pb`ey tfns gtfbs ns ibw hggi gxtgi`g` tfrbulf tb tfg igtwbrj bo prb`umgrs tb tfg gi`+

mustbkgrs &Fukpfrngs / KmMbkng$ 811>.$ ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry sgvgred goobrts fevg

hggi ke`g tb hgttgr ui`grstei` goonmngit ei` googmtnvg weys bo keielnil mbistrumtnbi suppdy

mfenis &\glgdnus+Dgftbigi 5>>7$ _rncfbgo ei` Jbsjgde 8111$ Ienk gt) ed) 5>>>$ Erhudu gt)

ed) 811=$ BHrngi 5>>7$ \glgdnus+Dgftbigi ei` Qefjede 5>>6.)

Pfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry fes sggi tfg deuimf bo e iukhgr bo ]MK nintnetnvgs es e rgsudt bo

nie`gquemy ni tfg tre`ntnbied epprbemf tb tfg mbitrbd bo tfg mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni

keielgkgit tfus tfg igg` obr sfnots bo kgtfb`s obr keielnil tfg suppdy mfeni kbrg

googmtnvgdy &_rncfbgo ei` Jbsjgde 8111.)

]uppdy mfenis ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry mei hg vgry mbkpdgx es nt mbkpbsgs bo e derlg

iukhgr bo pertngs"pdeygrs wntf sgvgred prbcgmt suppdy mfenis ei` kerjgts &BHrngi gt ed)$

8118. sumf es suhmbitremtbrs ei` suppdngrs$ gspgmneddy ni derlg smedg br kgle prbcgmts br et e

mbrpbretg dgvgd wfgrg tfghpertngs nivbdvg` ni tfg suppdymfeni mbud` ekbuit tb tfbusei` obr e

wfbdg &Fukpfrngs / KmMbkng$ 811>.) Qrnbr stu`ngs merrng` but hy Hgrtgdsgi$ &5>>=.

ni`nmetg` tfet prbcgmts wntf pbbr suppdy+mfeni `gsnli fe` mbst nimrgesgs bo tgi pgrmgit)

Pfrbulf nkpdgkgitnil tfg mbimgpt bo ]MK edd tfg pertngs nivbdvg` ni tfg mbistrumtnbi

prbmgss wbrj es e vnrtued mbrpbretnbi wfgrg tfgy erg jgpt ewerg bo mbkkntkgits$ smfg`udgs

ei` gxpg`ntg` emtnvntngs tfus$ hgnil ehdg tb sburmg$ prb`umg ei` `gdnvgr prbcgmts"prb`umts et

tfg dgest dge` tnkg ei` gxpgisg ei` btfgr mrg`nts ettrnhutg` tb ]MK nimdu`gs gifeimg`

prb`umtnvnty$ oemndntetnil niibvetnbi &Gduktn$ 8118.) Igvgrtfgdgss$ tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry

fes hggi sdbw ni e`bptnil tfg ]MK mbimgpts &Ejnitbyg gt ed) &8111. wfnmf key hg meusg` hy

e iukhgr bo bhstemdgs &Bdssbi$ 8111. wfnmf nimdu`gs tfg ehsgimg bo tfg mbkkbi prbcgmt

lbeds$ demj bo obmus bi tfg mustbkgrs, rgqunrgkgits$ rgsnsteimg tb igw n`ges es e rgsudt bo tfg

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orelkgitetnbi bo mbitremtbrs, brleinzetnbis ei` tfg demj bo treispergimy bo prbcgmt

niobrketnbi) Nt ns mbivgitnbied wns`bk tb emmgpt tfet tfg mbistrumtnbi sgmtbr ns ib dbilgr

mbionig` tb tfet ekbil ni`nvn`ued mbkpeings hut retfgr mbkpbsg` bo e derlg iukhgr bo

pdeygrs wntf iukgrbus prbcgmt suppdy mfenis ei` vernbus kerjgts &BHrngi gt ed)$ 8118.)

Fgimg nt hgmbkgs pgrtnigit tb stu`y tfg pbssnhndnty bo usnil ]MK tb nkprbvg tfg pgrobrkeimg

bo mbistrumtnbi gitgrprnsgs) Mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry rgsgermfgrs ei` premtntnbigrs erg

nimrgesnildy sggjnil tb eppdy tfg gxpgrngimg emmukudetg` ni tfg keiuoemturnil ni`ustry

&Hrgsigi ei` Kersfedd$ 8115.) Btfgr keielgkgit mbimgpts tfet erg fevg hgnil e`bptg` orbk

tfg keiuoemturnil ni`ustry tfet erg ibw oekndner ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry erg $ tbted

quednty keielgkgit &PUK. ei` dgei keiuoemturnil

Gkpnrnmed gvn`gimg es rgpbrtg` ni BHrngi ei` Onsmfgr &5>>=. tfet tfgrg ns tfg pbtgitned tb

kejg snlinonmeit nkprbvgkgits ni mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni pgrobrkeimg &g)l) Lrggi$ 5>>6:

\bil ei` Ouil$ 5>>>: Depnisjn gt ed)$ 811

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?+ tb `gvgdbp e `gsmrnptnbi bo OQED Es nt mei fgdp brleinzetnbis tb e`` vedugs tb tfgnr

husnigss ni e mbistrumtnvg keiigr)

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dgvgds) Pfg tre`ntnbied epprbemf tb tfg mbitrbd bo tfg mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni ns ibt e`gquetg

eiy kbrg$ ei` e sfnot bo kgtfb`s obr keielnil tfg suppdy mfeni ns igg`g`)

Pfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry ns e kecbr mbitrnhutbr tb tfg WJ gmbibky &`nrgmtdy m) 6)7' ni

8116$ rnsnil tb 51' bvgredd wfgi tfg gitnrg vedug mfeni ns mbisn`grg`. ei` ns edsb jibwi tb

hg pdelug` hy mbst+tnkg bvgrruis ei` ns sen` tb hg demjnil hgfni` ni tfg `rnvg hy keiy

sgmtbrs bo tfg gmbibky sumf es keiuoemturnil ni`ustrngs tb nimrgesg prb`umtnvnty$ mustbkgr

setnsoemtnbi$ ei` bvgredd prbontehndnty)

Ni rgmgit ygers$ tfg eppdnmetnbi bo ]MK pfndbsbpfy tb tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry fes hggi

wn`gdy nivgstnletg` es ei googmtnvg ei` goonmngit keielgkgit kgesurg ei` stretgly tb

nkprbvnil tfg pgrobrkeimg bo mbistrumtnbi$ wfnmf fes suoogrg` orbk fnlf orelkgitetnbi$

derlg westg$ pbbr prb`umtnvnty$ mbst ei` tnkg bvgrruis$ mbiodnmts ei` `nsputgs obr e dbil tnkg$

ei` tb e``rgss e`vgrserned nitgr+brleinzetnbied rgdetnbisfnp bo brleinzetnbis)

Ni br`gr tb nkprbvg bi tfg ]MK bo tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry ei` oni` sbdutnbis obr sbkg bo

nts prbhdgks$ tfns `nssgrtetnbi sggjs tb prbpbsg OQED &bnd ei` les suppdy mfeni `etehesg

systgk. ei` nts pbssnhdg googmt bi nkprbvnil tfg suppdy mfeni ni mbistrumtnbi)

5)? Butdnig bo Mfeptgrs

Pfg stu`y bo tfg gitnrg rgsgermf wbud` mbisnst bo onvg mfeptgrs) Pfg mbitgits bo tfgsg mfeptgrs

erg butdnig` hgdbw

Mfeptgr 53 Nitrb`umtnbi) Pfns mfeptgr nitrb`umgs tfg rgsgermf wbrj ni lgigred) Fgrg

tfg rgsgermf qugstnbis ei` bhcgmtnvgs erg stetg` )Edsb tfg smbpg bo stu`y ei` tfg

rgsgermf fypbtfgsns wbud` hg nimdu`g` ni tfns mfeptgr) Destdy tfg smbpg$ kgtfb`s ei`

dnkntetnbis rgdetg` tb obmus bo tfg rgsgermf wbud` hg stetg`)

Mfeptgr 83 Dntgreturg rgvngw) Pfns mfeptgr wbud` ettgkpt tb rgvngw tfg wbrj bo pest

rgsgermfgrs ei` btfgr eutfbrs ni rgdetnbi tb tfg mbrg bo ]MK ni tfg mbistrumtnbi

ni`ustry)

Mfeptgrs = ei` 0 wndd eiedysg tfg OQED systgk$ tfg ettrnhutgs essbmnetg` wntf tfg

mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry ei` tfg googmt bo nts eppdnmetnbi tb tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry ns

nkpdgkgitg`)

Mfeptgr 73 Xgsgermf kgtfb`bdbly) Pfns mfeptgr stetgs tfg rgsgermf `gsnli gkpdbyg`

ni rgdetnbi tb `ete mbddgmtnbi$ `ete prgsgitetnbi ei` eiedysns) Obr tfg purpbsg bo tfns

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wbrj$ tfg rgsgermf `gsnli tfet wbud` hg gkpdbyg` fgrg ns tfg survgy `gsnli) E `gtend

bo nts eppdnmetnbi wbud` hg prgsgitg` ni tfg keni hb`y bo tfg wbrj)

Mfeptgr ?3 @ete eiedysns ei` nitgrprgtetnbi) Pfns mfeptgr `geds wntf tfg emtued

prgsgitetnbi bo `ete mbddgmtg` `urnil tfg survgy ei` edsb tfg eiedysns ei`

nitgrprgtetnbi bo `ete tb gifeimg nts rgdgveimg)

Mfeptgr

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MFEQPGX 8

DNPGXEPWXG XG_NG\

8)5 Pfg WJ Mbistrumtnbi Ni`ustry ni Mrnsgs

Witnd tfg sukkgr bo 8116$ prnbr tb tfg oedd+but orbk tfg suh+prnkg kbrtlelg kerjgt mrnsns$

mrg`nt wes ehui`eitdy evendehdg tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry fes gicbyg` e pgrnb` bo sustenig`

lrbwtf obr bvgr e `gme`g$ ni sferp mbitrest tb tfg mymdgs typnmed bo kumf bo tfg pbst+wer gre)

Hy tfg kn``dg bo 8116 tfg mrg`nt mrnsns stertg` tb kejg fge`dnigs) Pfg mbistrumtnbi wes

sgvgrgdy fnt hy tfg mrnsns$ wfnmf fes prgmnpntetg` br kelinong` ei gvgitued mymdnmed `gmdnig ni

emtnvnty)

Pfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry ns sen` tb hg oemnil tfg prbspgmt bo tfg kbst sgvgrg mbitremtnbi ni

=1 ygers tfus rgqunrgs e Lbvgrikgit stnkudus obr tfg sntuetnbi tb hg murhg`) Nt ns edsb rgpbrtg`

hy kecbrnty bo kecbr mbitremtbrs tfet tfgrg ns e stggp `gmdnig ni mbistrumtnbi emtnvnty wfnmf

ni`nmetgs tfet tfg murrgit sntuetnbi knlft `gtgrnbretg prnbr tb eiy sustenig` rgmbvgry)

]urvgy merrng` but hy tfg Mbistrumtnbi Mbiog`gretnbi ]tetg bo Pre`g survgy obr tfg oburtf

quertgr bo 8116 sfbws tfet .) Pfg ldbhed gmbibknm `bwituri fes obrmg` keiy mbkpeings tb hg kbrg

obmusg` bi tfgnr suppdy mfenis$ tfg `noogrgimg hgtwggi tfg survnved ei` summgss bo eiy

brleinzetnbi ns hesg` bi fbw goonmngit ei` e`eptehdg tfg stretgly wntf wfnmf tfg suppdy mfeni

rnsjs erg keielg` ibtwntfstei`nil tfg stetus bo tfg gmbibky wfgtfgr ni e rgmgssnbi br ib

rgmgssnbi) Nt ns gstnketg` tfet `urnil 8116 et dgest 7 knddnbi mbistrumtnbi wbrjgrs dbst tfgnr

cbhs &Hesg` bi `ete orbk BGM@ mbuitrngs$ Ludo mbuitrngs$ Xussnei Og`gretnbi$ Mfnie ei`

Ni`ne.) Pfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry sfreij mbisn`grehdy ni tfg 8116 rgmgssnbi) Husnigssgs

nivbdvg` ni mbistrumtnbi fe` fbwgvgr hggi `bnil he`dy snimg 811?$ sb tfg mrnsns knlft ibt

fevg hggi tfg keni ei`"br bidy meusg obr nts `gmdnig)

Emmbr`nil tb rgpbrts bo tfg Gmbibknst Nitgddnlgimg Wint bi tfg `nsruptnbi meusg` es e rgsudt

bo tfg googmts bo rgmgssnbi$ nt wes rgvgedg` tfet suppdy mfenis fe` tfg kbst nkpemt ni tfg pest

yger) Pfg survgy merrng` but edsb ni`nmetg` tfet kbrg tfei big+fedo bo tfg rgspbi`gits wgrg

fnt hy rnsnil niput mbsts ei` swnils ni gigrly prnmgs$ ei` bvgr big+tfnr` fevg hggi eoogmtg`

hy tfg nisbdvgimy bo pertigrs br suppdngrs &Pfg Gmbibknst Nitgddnlgimg Wint$ 811>.)

Qrbcgmtnbis sullgst tfg ni`ustrys bptnkuk snzg mbud` sfrnij tb 58)=hi hy tfg gi` bo 8151

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ei` tb 51hi ni 8155 wfnmf feppgis tb hg ==' ei` 0=' hgdbw nts dbiltgrk bptnkuk snzg

rgspgmtnvgdy &MNM$ 811>.)

Pfg WJ mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry ns sen` tb fevg suoogrg` e kbrg prbibuimg` `gmdnig ni

mbistrumtnbi emtnvnty snimg tfg bisgt bo tfg rgmgssnbi wfgi mbkperg` tb nts Gurbpgeimbuitgrperts$ tfns fes ns gvn`git ni tfg sferp nimrgesg ni mbkpeiy mdbsurgs hgtwggi tfg oburtf

quertgr bo 8116 ei` tfg onrst quertgr bo 811>$ rg`ui`eimngs ei` ni`nvn`ued heijruptmngs wfnmf

feppgis tb hg tfg fnlfgst ekbilst tfg btfgr WJ ni`ustrngs &D)G)J$ 811>.) Murrgitdy$

brleinsetnbis tgi` tb rgler` gemf husnigss vgiturg wntfni tfg mbistrumtnbi sgmtbr es hgnil

igw ei` prbcgmt+hesg`)

Pfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry ns e kecbr mbitrnhutbr tb tfg WJ gmbibky &`nrgmtdy m) 6)7' ni

8116$ rnsnil tb 51' bvgredd wfgi tfg gitnrg vedug mfeni ns mbisn`grg`. ei` ns edsb jibwi tb

hg pdelug` hy mbst+tnkg bvgrruis ei` ns sen` tb hg demjnil hgfni` ni tfg `rnvg hy keiy

sgmtbrs bo tfg gmbibky sumf es keiuoemturnil ni`ustrngs tb nimrgesg prb`umtnvnty$ mustbkgr

setnsoemtnbi$ ei` bvgredd prbontehndnty) Pfgsg nkprbvgkgits es wntigssg` ni btfgr sgmtbrs bo tfg

gmbibky erg ettrnhutg` tb tfg e`bptnbi bo suppdy mfeni mbddehbretnvg kgesurgs dnjg

pertigrsfnp$ pertigrnil ei` nitglretnbi wntfni tfg suppdy mfeni) Fgimg$ suppdy+mfeni

keielgkgit ns sen` tb prbknsg ei gilniggrnil hesns tb `gsnli$ pdei$ ei` keielg mbistrumtnbi

prbcgmts ni e mbddehbretnvg keiigr &BHrngi$ 5>>6.) Nt ns tfgrgobrg epprbprnetg tb mbimdu`g

tfet ei googmtnvg suppdy mfeni keielgkgit ei` purmfesnil prbmgss erg mrumned tb tfg

nkprbvgkgit bo e mbkpeiys bvgredd pgrobrkeimg)

Pfg murrgit mrnsgs fes hggi jggidy ogdt ni tfg \gstgri mbuitrngs pertnmuderdy ni tfg WJ$ tfns ns

es e rgsudt bo tfg `gpgi`gimg bi tfg fer` fnt onieimned sgrvnmgs sgmtbr ei` tfg fnlf dgvgd bo

fbusgfbd` ni`ghtg`igss) Pfg butmbkg bo tfg murrgit ldbhed gmbibknm mrnsgs key hg e igw

gmbibknm br`gr$ tfg ieturg bo wfnmf meiibt hg ouddy ui`grstbb` tb`ey) Mbisgqugitdy$ tfg

gmbibknm butdbbj rgler`nil tfg `gptf ei` `uretnbi bo tfg `bwituri rgkenis fnlfdy uimgrteni&Heij bo Gildei` 811>.) Husnigss ei` mbisukgr mbion`gimg ni tfg WJ fevg oeddgi

suhsteitneddy) Pfgrg erg sullgstnbis tfet sullgst tfg WJ wndd rgturi tb lrbwtf ni 8151 &FK

Prgesury 811>: ING]X 811>h.$ wfndg btfgrs prg`nmt ourtfgr `gmdnig &NKO 811>e.) Ni lgigred$

tfg WJ mbistrumtnbi sgmtbr ns gxpgmtg` tb mbitniug tb sfrnij ni 8151$ hut bi tfg mbitrery tfg

fbusnil sgmtbrs ei` niorestrumturg ns gxpgmtg` tb fevg e hgttgr yger&www)`evnsdeil`bi)mbk.)

]uppdy Mfeni Keielgkgit &]MK. fes `rewi kumf ettgitnbi bo hbtf premtntnbigrs ei`

rgsgermfgrs ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry &B,Hrngi gt ed) 8118.) Pfns ns ui`grstei`ehdg snimg tfg

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mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry obrks big bo tfg kbst `nvgrsg ei` uistehdg sgmtbrs wntfni tfg WJ

gmbibky ei` nt mbisteitdy oemgs wn`g odumtuetnil `gkei` mymdgs$ prbcgmt+spgmnonm prb`umt

`gkei`s$ uimgrteni prb`umtnbi mbi`ntnbis ei` nt fes tb mbkhnig e `nvgrsg reilg bo spgmnednst

sjndds wntfni lgblrepfnmeddy `nspgrsg` sfbrt+tgrk prbcgmt givnrbikgits &@enity$ Knddgt ei`

Hrnsmbg$ 8115.) Emmbr`nil tb Gduktn &8118.$ tfg mrg`nts obr nkpdgkgitnil ]MK mbimgpts ni

mbistrumtnbi prb`umtnbi bpgretnbis erg emfngvnil gifeimg` prb`umtnvnty ei` prbontehndnty$ mbst

sevnil$ oemndntetnil niibvetnbi ei` nkprbvnil brleinzetnbied mbkpgtntnvgigss)

8)8 ]uppdy mfeni

]uppdy mfeni ns e mbimgpt tfet fes hggi rgvngwg` hy `noogrgit hb`ngs bo dntgreturg &Mrbbk gt

ed$ 8111.) Emmbr`nil tb Mfbpre ei` Kgni`d &811=$ p) 0. e suppdy mfeni &]M. mbisnsts bo edd

pertngs nivbdvg`$ `nrgmtdy br ni`nrgmtdy$ ni oudonddnil e mustbkgr rgqugst) ]uppdy mfeni ns e

tgrk tfet usg` ni rgogrrnil tb tfg dnijs hgtwggi ei brleinzetnbi ei` nts suppdngrs$ tfrbulf nts

`nstrnhutnbi bi tb nts mustbkgrs) Pfus e suppdy mfeni ns sen` tb hg e huygr+suppdngr

rgdetnbisfnp) ]b e typnmed suppdy mfeni mbisnsts bo tfg suppdy mfeni obmed brleinzetnbi &onied

prb`umt keiuoemturgr.$ tfbsg nivbdvg` ni suppdy bo rgsburmgs ei` tfg mustbkgrs) Ni

mbistrumtnbi e suppdy mfeni rgogrs tb dnijs hgtwggi tfg pertngs pertnmnpetnil ni e mbistrumtnbi

prbcgmt wfnmf nimdu`gs edd tfg husnigss ei` btfgr brleinzetnbis wfnmf erg nivbdvg` ni tfg

prbmgss orbk tfg gxtremtnbi bo rew ketgrneds tb tfg gvgitued `gkbdntnbi bo tfg hund`nil$ ei`

`nspbsed bo nts mbkpbigits)

Pfg onlurg hgdbw sfbws e typnmed suppdy mfeni$ wfnmf nimdu`gs tfg nivbdvg` odbws bo

prb`umts &`bwistrgek.$ oui`s &upstrgek. ei` niobrketnbi &emrbss tfg ]M.)

Onlurg 8)53 E typnmed suppdy mfeni

Orbk tfg `nelrek ehbvg nt ns mdgerdy ni`nmetg` tfet e suppdy mfeni gimbkpessgs tfg gitnrg

prb`umt br prbcgmt mymdg orbk tfg pbnit wfgrg rew ketgrneds erg nitrb`umg` tb tfg pbnit bo

gi`+usgr prb`umt mbisukptnbi &]tbmj ei` Dekhgrt$ 8115.)

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Nt ns wbrtf kgitnbinil tfet tfgrg ns e wn`g reilg bo suppdy mfenis ni tfg husnigss wbrd`$ tfbsg

mbisnstnil bo ogw suppdngrs$ e keiuoemturgr"prb`umgr ei` e mustbkgr &snkpdg suppdy mfeni.$ tb

tfbsg wfnmf mbisnst bo iukgrbus tngrs bo suppdngrs bo rgsburmgs ei` rew ketgrneds$ e

keiuoemturgr$ sgvgred wfbdgsedgrs$ rgtendgrs ei` mustbkgrs ei` sbkg tngrs bo `nstrnhutbrs ei`

wergfbusgs emrbss tfg suppdy mfeni &mbkpdgx suppdy mfeni.) Pfg onlurg hgdbw sfbws tfg

igtwbrj strumturg bo e mbkpdgx suppdy mfeni)

Onlurg 8)83 E mbkpdgx suppdy mfeni igtwbrj strumturg &Dekhgrt ei` Mbbpgr$ 8111$ p)?6.

Pfg prbmgss tfet nitglretgs$ mbbr`nietgs ei` mbitrbds tfg kbvgkgit bo lbb`s$ ketgrneds ei`

niobrketnbi orbk e suppdngr tfrbulf e sgrngs bo nitgrkg`netg mustbkgrs tb tfg onied mbisukgr

ei` gssgitned tb tfns tfg emtnvntngs hgtwggi suppdngrs ei` mustbkgrs tb tfg mbisukgrs erg edd

dnijg` ni e tnkgdy keiigr$ tfns prbmgss ns rgogrrg` tb es suppdy mfeni &Gkkgtt ei` Mrbmjgr$

811?.$ tfgsg emtnvntngs erg prgsukg` tb hg pgrobrkg` nitgrieddy ni tfg onrk ui`gr tfg

tre`ntnbied kb`gd bo suppdy mfeni)

Ni btfgr wbr`s e suppdy mfeni mei hg vngwg` es e mbkpdgx igtwbrj br sgt+up bo niobrketnbi

systgks$ keielgkgit tgmfinqugs ei` bpgretnbied emtnvntngs gxnstnil ekbilst gitntngs br

pertngs tfet kenitenis rgdetnbisfnps bo verynil strgiltfs wntf big eibtfgr &Mfei`re ei`

Juker$ 8115e.)

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Pfg onlurg hgdbw nddustretgs fbw tfg suppdy mfeni hrn`lgs tfg lep hgtwggi tfg oui`ekgited

mbrg husnigss espgmts bo suppdy ei` `gkei`)

Onlurg 8)=3 Pfg suppdy mfeni hrn`lgs tfg lep &e`eptg` orbk Gkkgtt ei` Mrbmjgr$ 811?) p) 8.)

Pfg mbimgpt bo suppdy mfenis ns rgdetnvgdy igw tfbulf nt prbvn`gs e usgoud orekgwbrj obr

wfnmf tfg mbistrumtnbi prbmgss mei hg eiedysg`) Pfus oer tfgrg sggks tb hg e uinvgrsed

elrggkgit es tb tfg `gonintnbi bo suppdy mfeni &Pgnlgi$ 5>>>?. `gonig` tfg suppdy mfeni es3 e igtwbrj bo eutbibkbus br sgkn+

eutbibkbus husnigss gitntngs mbddgmtnvgdy rgspbisnhdg obr prbmurgkgit$ keiuoemturnil$ ei`

`nstrnhutnbi emtnvntngs essbmnetg` wntf big br kbrg oekndngs bo rgdetg` prb`umts)

Dgg gt ed) &5>>7. fevg e snknder `gonintnbi3 E suppdy mfeni ns e igtwbrj bo oemndntngs tfet

prbmurg rew ketgrneds$ treisobrk tfgk nitb nitgrkg`netg lbb`s ei` tfgi onied prb`umts$ ei`

`gdnvgr tfg prb`umts tb mustbkgrs tfrbulf e `nstrnhutnbi systgk)

Leigsfei gt ed) &5>>7. fevg eibtfgr eiedblbus `gonintnbi3 E suppdy mfeni ns e igtwbrj bo

oemndntngs ei` `nstrnhutnbi bptnbis tfet pgrobrks tfg ouimtnbis bo prbmurgkgit bo ketgrneds$

treisobrketnbi bo tfgsg ketgrneds nitb nitgrkg`netg ei` oninsfg` prb`umts$ ei` tfg `nstrnhutnbi

bo tfgsg oninsfg` prb`umts tb mustbkgrs)

Obr gxekpdg3

\fgi ns tfg prb`umt ke`g2

\fgrg ns nt ke`g2

\fnmf suppdngrs2

@gkei`Obr gxekpdg3

\fgi ns tfg prb`umt rgqunrg`2

\fgrg ns nt igg`g`2

Fbw keiy ei` wfgi igg`g`2

\fet ns tfg knx rgqunrg`2

]uppdy

]uppdy

mfeni

lep

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Emmbr`nil tb ]tgvgis &5>6>. tfg suppdy mfeni `gonig` es tfg nitgrmbiigmtg` sgrngs bo

emtnvntngs tfet erg mbimgrig` wntf tfg pdeiinil ei` mbitrbddnil bo rew ketgrneds$ mbkpbigits

ei` oninsfg` prb`umts orbk suppdngrs tb tfg onied mbisukgr)

Kehgrt ei` _gijeterekeiei &5>>6$ p) 7=6. `gonig tfg suppdy mfeni es tfg igtwbrj bo

oemndntngs ei` emtnvntngs wfnmf pgrobrks tfg ouimtnbis bo prb`umt `gvgdbpkgit$ prbmurgkgit

bo"ei` kbvgkgit bo ketgrneds hgtwggi oemndntngs$ keiuoemturnil bo lbb`s$ `nstrnhutnbi bo

oninsfg` lbb`s tb mustbkgrs$ ei` eotgr+kerjgt suppbrt)

Emmbr`nil tb &Mbfgi$ 5>>?: Mbbpgr ei` Gddrek$ 5>>=.$ tfg prnkery purpbsg bo suppdy mfenis

ns tb kninknsg tfg odbw bo rew ketgrneds ei` oninsfg` prb`umts et gvgry pbnit ni tfg pnpgdnig ni

br`gr tb gifeimg prb`umtnvnty ei` mbst sevnils) Emmbr`nil tb Hgrry gt ed)$ &5>>0. Pbted

keielgkgit bo tfg suppdy mfeni gifeimgs tfg mbkpgtntnvg g`lg bo edd pdeygrs tfgrgni) Pfg

suppdy mfeni ns sen` tb mbisnst bo tfg pertngs wfb erg nivbdvg` ni gisurnil tfet mustbkgr

`gkei`s erg kgt &Mfbpre ei` Kgni`d$ 811>>6: Fnigs$ 5>>6.) Pfg suppdy mfeni

mbimgpt hgmekg ei gxpdnmnt erge bo rgsgermf ni tfg kn` 5>61s ei` brnlnietg` derlgdy orbk tfg

twb sgperetg keielgkgit strgeks bo `nstrnhutnbi ei` prb`umtnbi$ wfnmf kgrlg` nitb tfg ongd`

bo dblnstnms &Mbydg gt ed)$ 5>>?.) Edsb rgsgermf mbimgrinil tfg suppdy mfeni mbimgpt ns e igw

ongd` ni mbistrumtnbi tfet gkgrlg` ni tfg kn` 5>>1s) ]nknder tb tfg kenistrgek keielgkgit

dntgreturg$ nt ns gvbdvnil wntf mbrrgspbi`nil ni niodugimgs orbk tfg tfgbry bo prb`umtnbi$

`nstrnhutnbi ei` stretglnm prbmurgkgit &Dbi`bi ei` Jgidgy$ 8115.) Kestgrs &5>>0. wgit bi

tb `gsmrnhg tfg suppdy mfeni kbrg mdgerdy es big onrk prb`umnil e rew ketgrned ei` sgddnil nt

tb tfg sgmbi` onrk wfnmf tfgi usgs rew ketgrned ei` turis nt tb e mbkpbigit) Pfgi tfg tfnr`

onrk purmfesgs tfns mbkpbigit orbk tfg sgmbi` onrk ei` tfgi lbgs bi tb essgkhdg tfg

mbkpbigit nitb e prb`umt sbd` tb tfg oburtf onrk wfnmf knlft hg e wfbdgsedg `nstrnhutbr) Pfns

onrk `nstrnhutgs tfg prb`umt tb tfg rgtend kgrmfeits wfb onieddy sgdd tfns prb`umt tb tfg gi`

usgrs &mustbkgrs.) Pfg sgt bo onrks wfnmf pess tfgsg ketgrneds obrwer` mei hg rgogrrg` tb es e

suppdy mfeni)

Orbk 5>>1s$ husnigssgs wgrg obmusg` bi vgrtnmed ednlikgit ei` sgvgred mbkpeings

wgrg nivbdvg` ni prbmgss keppnil ei` eiedysns tb gveduetg tfgnr bpgretnbis) Pfns wes es e

rgsudt bo tfg onrks rgednsnil tfg hgigont bo nitglretnil ouimtnbis sumf es prb`umt `gsnli ei`

keiuoemturnil wntf tfg nitrb`umtnbi bo vernbus tbted quednty keielgkgit &PUK. pfndbsbpfngs

bo @gknil$ Curei$ ei` Mrbshy$ ei` N]B ]tei`er` obr quednty kgesurgkgit) ]uppdy mfenis

fes lbig orbk tfg prbmgss bo vgrtnmed nitglretnbi wfgrg essgt bwigrsfnp wes usg` ni

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mbitrbddnil tfg vernbus stelgs ni tfg prbmgss bo vnrtued nitglretnbi ni wfnmf eddneimgs$

elrggkgit ei` pertigrsfnp erg tfg kgeis tfrbulf wfnmf brleinzetnbis sgmurg tfgnr suppdngs

&Qbwgr$ 8117.) Edtfbulf gvgry suppdy mfeni fes `noogrgit mfeddgilgs ei` `noogrgit mustbkgr

rgqunrgkgits$ prb`umt typgs$ smfg`udgs$ brleinzetnbied strumturg ei` husnigss stretglngs:

snknderntngs gxnst ni tfg epprbemf wfnmf kust hg tejgi hy suppdy mfeni dge`grs ni tfgnr lnvgi

sntuetnbi)

Es e rgsudt bo tfg nimrgesnil ldbhed mbkpgtntnbi ni tfg 5>>1s$ stretglnm eddneimgs ekbilst

brleinsetnbis hgmekg tfg nitgrgst ni br`gr tb ednli wntf mbkpeings prbmgssgs) Pfns lrbwtf

wes oemndntetg` hy e`veimgkgit ni niobrketnbi tgmfibdbly wntf `gsnli obr essgkhdy$

syimfrbibus keiuoemturnil$ ei` elndg keiuoemturnil hgmbknil tfg br`gr bo tfg `ey ni tfg

keiuoemturnil ni`ustry &Mfei`re ei` Juker$ 8111.) Keiuoemturnil fes hggi tfg rgogrgimg

pbnit ni mbistrumtnbi obr keiy `gme`gs$ ei` e sburmg bo e iukhgr bo sbdutnbis br vnsnbis obr

rgdngvnil mbistrumtnbi prbhdgks ei` e sburmg bo niibvetnbi ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry) Pfg

trgi` ni tfg keiuoemturnil ni`ustry ns hesg` bi e prb`umtnbi pfndbsbpfy wfnmf deys gkpfesns

bi tfg rgdgveimg bo hesnm prnimnpdgs ei` prnimnpdgs &Jbsjgde$ 5>>8.)

Cust+ni+tnkg &CNP. prb`umtnbi3 CNP ns e keielgkgit pfndbsbpfy wfnmf nivbdvgs e pudd systgk

bo prb`umtnbi wfgrg bidy tfg rnlft"rgqunrg` ntgk"prb`umt ns prb`umg` et tfg mbrrgmt quednty

ei` queitnty et tfg mbrrgmt tnkg ei` pdemg &Mfgil ei` Qb`bsdjy$ 5>>=.) Pfg mbimgpt bo CNP

sggjs tb emfngvg e stbmjdgss prb`umtnbi3 kninknsnil rew ketgrneds$ mbkpbigits$ wbrj+ni+

prblrgss ei` oninsfg` lbb`s nivgitbry wntf e vngw tb muttnil nivgitbry mbsts tfrbulf

mbddehbretnvg wbrjnil br lbb` mbkkuinmetnbi wntf suppdngrs tb gisurg tfet prb`umtnbi ns

nintnetg` hy emtued `gkei` retfgr tfei hy pdeis hesg` bi obrgmests &_uppedepetn gt ed)$ 5>>7:

Mertdn`lg$ 8110.) CNP strgssgs tfg gdnknietnbi bo went tnkgs ni tfg prb`umtnbi prbmgss ni br`gr

obr vedug tb hg e``g` tfus nkprbvnil bvgredd prb`umtnvnty &_bss$ 5>66?.)

Pbted Uuednty Keielgkgit &PUK.3 Pfns ns ei nitglretnvg keielgkgit pfndbsbpfy tfet vngws

tfg brleinzetnbi es e mbddgmtnbi bo prbmgssgs) PUK ns ei epprbemf obr mbitniubusdy nkprbvnil

tfg quednty bo husnigss prbmgssgs"brleinzetnbied ouimtnbis &`gsnli$ kerjgtnil$ gilniggrnil$

prb`umtnbi$ onieimg$ mustbkgr sgrvnmg. ei` prb`umts tb emfngvnil mustbkgr setnsoemtnbi ei`

kggtnil brleinzetnbied bhcgmtnvgs) PUK sggjs tb hund` quednty nitb nts prb`umts ei`

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prbmgssgs hy nkprbvnil tfg mbkpgtnvgigss$ googmtnvgigss ei` odgxnhndnty bo tfg gitnrg

brleinzetnbi nrrgspgmtnvg bo tfg typg bo brleinzetnbi Zkeiuoemturnil br sgrvnmg$ skedd br derlg$

puhdnm br prnvetg &_uppedepetn gt ed)$ 5>>7.[$ nt lbgs bi tb `gsmrnhg weys bo keielnil pgbpdg

ei` husnigss prbmgss"brleinzetnbied ouimtnbis tb gisurg mustbkgr igg`s erg mbitniubusdy kgt

et gvgry stelg) PUK obmusgs strbildy bi tfg suppdy mfeni rgdetnbisfnps wfnmf nivbdvgs tfg

mustbkgr &nitgried ei` gxtgried. ei` tfg suppdngr$ wntf tfg mbivnmtnbi bo emfngvnil e zgrb

`gogmt wbrj ni tfg wfbdg husnigss prbmgss &Heij$ 8111.)

_edug Keielgkgit &_K.3 Pfns ns lgigreddy rgler`g` es prbhdgk sbdvnil tgmfinqug usg` obr

`goninil ei` kexnknsnil vedug obr kbigy &Jgddy gt ed)$ 8110: Mertdn`lg$ 811?.) _edug hesg`

stretgly rgogrs tb mbimgptuednzg` ei` mdgerdy ertnmudetg` vedug es tfg hesns obr mbkpgtnil

&Merbtfgrs / E`eks 5>>5) Pfg Gurbpgei stei`er` `gsmrnhgs _K es e stydg bo keielgkgit

gimbkpessnil vernbus keielgkgit tbbds bo wfnmf vedug eiedysns ns hut big) Nt ns e sgrvnmg

tfet kexnknsg tfg ouimtnbied vedug bo prbcgmt hy keielnil nts `gvgdbpkgit orbk mbimgpt tb

usg tfrbulf tfg eu`nt bo edd `gmnsnbis elenist e vedug systgk `gtgrknig` hy tfg mdngit &Jgddy

gt ed)$ 8110.) _K mei hg eppdng` tb eiy typg bo prbcgmt rgler`dgss bo snzg br tnkgorekg ei` et

edd stelgs tfrbulfbut tfg dnog mymdg bo tfg prbcgmt orbk nimgptnbi tb mbkpdgtnbi)

Orekgwbrj Elrggkgits " Erreilgkgit3 Orekgwbrj erreilgkgits erg odgxnhdg suppdngr

elrggkgits hgtwggi pertngs wfgrg lbb`s ei` sgrvnmgs erg bhtenig` bi tfg hesns bo prg+elrgg`

tgrks ei` mbi`ntnbis$ prnmg ei` quednty dgvgds) Pfgy erreilgkgits erg nimrgesnildy hgnil usg`

ni hbtf tfg prnvetg ei` puhdnms sgmtbrs) Orekgwbrj erreilgkgits erg snkpdy e prbknsg ei`

ibt luereitgg bo wbrj &Mertdn`lg$ 8110.) Orekgwbrj erreilgkgits erg usg` hy sbkg kecbr

mdngits tb prbvn`g e pbbd bo mbkpgtgit mbisudteits$ mbitremtbrs ei` spgmnednsts obr tfgnr

mbistrumtnbi prbcgmts) Nt prbvn`gs bppbrtuinty obr onrks tb prbvn`g spgmnonm lbb`s br sgrvnmgs

bi prg`gtgrknig` tgrks ei` mbi`ntnbis wfnmf rgkeni vedn` `urnil tfg dnogtnkg bo tfg

elrggkgits tfus gicbynil e dbil+tgrk mbkkgrmned rgdetnbisfnp &Hgiigtt ei` Qgemg$ 811?.)

\ntfni tfg WJ tfg fnstbry bo suppdy mfeni fevg lbig tfrbulf tfrgg pfesgs wfnmf erg

sukkernsg` ni tehdg 8)5 hgdbw &Gkkgtt ei` Mrbmjgr$ 811?.)

Ettrnhutgs Ouimtnbied suppdy mfenis

Pb tfg 5>61s

Xgspbisnvg suppdy

mfenis

Pfg 5>>1s

E`eptnvg suppdy mfenis

Pfg 8111s

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Nitglretnbi

obmus

Bvgr tfg wedd

Xgemtnvg"qunmj onxgs

Kbibpbdy suppdngrs

Preisemtnbied

Xgspbisnvg

Mbkpgtntnbi ni

suppdngrs

Mbddehbretnbi

@gmnsnbi"prbemtnvg

Cbnig`+up igtwbrj bo

gitgrprnsgs

Mustbkgr

obmus

Mustbkgr mei went

^bu wndd lgt nt wfgi wg

mei sgi` nt

Mustbkgrs weit nt

sbbi) ^bu wndd

fevg nt wfgi ybu

weit nt

Mustbkgrs weit nt ibw)

^bu wndd lgt nt

Brleinsetnbi

obmus

@gpertkgit ei` rnil

ogimnil

Nitre+gitgrprnsg

nitgried

nivbdvgkgit

Gxtgi`g` gitgrprnsg

nivbdvgkgit

Qrb`umt

pbsntnbinil

Kejg tb stbmj

@gmgitrednsg` stbmj

fbd`nil

]tbmj tfgi `gdnvgrs

Essgkhdg tb br`gr

Mgitrednsg` stbmj

fbd`nil

Mbddgmt ei` mrbss

`bmj & treisnt

fei`dnil wntf bidy

fburs bo stbrelg

Kejg tb br`gr

Kninked stbmj fbd`nil

\fetgvgr ns igg`g`

Keielgkgit

Epprbemf

Fngrermfnmed Mbkkei` ei`

mbitrbd

Mbddehbretnvg

Pgmfibdbly

obmus

Qbnit sbdutnbi GXQ \gh mbiigmtg`

Pnkg obmus obr

tfg husnigss

\ggjs tb kbitfs @eys tb wggjs Xged tnkg

Qgrobrkeimg

obmus

Mbst Mbst ei` sgrvnmg Xgvgiug ei` prbont

Mbddehbretnbi Dbw Kg`nuk Fnlf dgvgds

Xgspbisg

tnkgs

]tetnm Kg`nuk @yieknms

Pehdg 8)53 Fnstbry bo suppdy mfeni &Gkkgtt ei` Mrbmjgr$ 811?.

Pfg nintned goobrts nimdu`g` ru`nkgitery prbmgss bo keppnil$ `nspdeynil tfg odbw bo prnkery

prb`umts ei` sgrvnmgs tb e ogw jgy kerjgt sglkgits ei` mustbkgrs) Nt gxpei`g` tfgk tb

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rg`umg wergfbusg mbst$ tfg mbisbdn`etnbi bo oemndntngs$ ei` tfg nitrb`umtnbi bo tfnr` perty

brleinzetnbis tb pgrobrk sbkg br edd tfg dblnstnmed ouimtnbis) Fbwgvgr$ tfg murrgit gmbibknm

`bwituri fes prbvn`g` gvn`gimg tfet suppdy mfenis &obddbwnil tfg vgry mbkkbi butsburmnil

stretgly. erg oer orbk pgrogmt) Fnlf mbst obr dblnstnms ei` suppdy mfeni ei` nivgitbrngs$ uikgt

obrgmests$ stelieit br `gmrgesg` rgvgiugs$ uiutndnzg` mepemnty$ prbont werinils erg sbkg bo tfg

kbst nkpbrteit googmts bo e mfeni tfet wes ibt ehdg tb e`ept tb tfg igw dgvgd bo emtnvnty)

Fulbs &811=. n`gitnong` tfrgg stgps tb ednlinil suppdy mfeni ei` husnigss stretgly iekgdy

ui`grstei`nil mustbkgr rgqunrgkgits: `gvgdbp suppdy mfeni mepehndntngs tb suppbrt tfg rbdgs

tfg mbkpeiy fes mfbsgi$ tfg rbdgs tfg mbkpeiy wndd pdey tb sgrvg mustbkgrs ei` `goninil nts

mbrg mbkpgtgimngs) Gerdy goobrts mbimgitretg` bi nkprbvnil bidy tfg nitgried goonmngimy bo ei

ni`nvn`ued onrk ni tfg suppdy igtwbrj) Ni tb`eys husnigss$ brleinzetnbis sggj weys tb

mfeilg$ rg`gsnli ei` rggilniggr tbwer`s spgmnonm kerjgts ei` mustbkgr sglkgit$ tfgrghy

`gvgdbpnil igtwbrjs obr sburmnil rew ketgrneds$ keiuoemturnil prb`umts br mrgetnil sgrvnmgs$

stbrnil ei` `nstrnhutnil tfg lbb`s ei` udtnketgdy `gdnvgrnil tfg prb`umts ei` sgrvnmgs tb

mustbkgrs ei` mbisukgrs) Pfns goobrt ns rgogrrg` tb es suppdy mfeni keielgkgit)

8)= @goninil ]uppdy mfeni Keielgkgit &]MK.

Pfg mbimgpt bo suppdy mfeni keielgkgit &]MK. brnlnietg` tfg Cepeigsg eutbkbtnvg ni`ustry

es pert bo e prb`umtnbi systgk prgmnsgdy orbk tfg suppdy systgk nkpdgkgitg` hy Pbybte$

wfgrg tfg onrst snlis bo ]MK wgrg pgrmgptnhdg ni tfg CNP `gdnvgry systgk+ wfnmf ns e pert bo

tfg brleinzetnbis &Pbybte. prb`umtnbi systgk &]fnilb$ 5>66. usg` tb mbbr`nietg ei` keielg

nts suppdngrs sumf tfet tfg suppdngs tb tfg Pbybte kbtbr oemtbry erg cust ni tfg rnlft + skedd

ekbuit ei` cust bi tfg rnlft tnkg)

Eotgr nts gkgrlgimg tfg mbimgpt odburnsfg` ni tfg gitnrg keiuoemturnil ni`ustry &_rncfbgo gt

ed)$ 5>>>. ei` fes rgsudtg` ni ei eutbibkbus stetus bo tfg mbimgpt ni ni`ustrned keielgkgit

tfgbry$ ei` e `nstnimt suhcgmt bo smngitnonm rgsgermf &Hgmftgd gt ed)$ 5>>>

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Edtfbulf$ snimg nts hnrtf ]MK fes gvbdvg` nitb e oudd reilg bo `nsmnpdnigs tfet nivbdvgs mdbsgr

mustbkgr+suppdngr rgdetnbisfnps

Emmbr`nil tb Jeiiei ei` Pei &8117. ]MK mei hg `gonig` es tfg nitglretnbi bo suppdngrs

ei` mustbkgrs nitb tfg `gmnsnbi+kejnil prbmgssgs$ obmusnil bi tfg pdeiinil$ nkpdgkgitetnbi

ei` mbitrbd bo tfg dblnstnms bpgretnbis tb pudd ketgrneds tfrbulf tfg suppdy mfeni)

Fei`ongd` ei` Inmfbds &5>>>. `gonig` ]MK es3

Pfg suppdy mfeni gimbkpessgs edd emtnvntngs essbmnetg` wntf tfg odbw ei` treisobrketnbi bo

lbb`s orbk rew ketgrneds &nimdu`nil gxtremtnbi.$ tfrbulf tfg gi` usgr$ es wgdd es niobrketnbi

odbws) Ketgrneds ei` niobrketnbi odbws hbtf up ei` `bwi tfg suppdy mfeni

Ni btfgr wbr`s ]MK mei hg `gonig` es tfg nitglretnbi bo suppdngrs ei` mustbkgrs nitb tfg

`gmnsnbi+kejnil prbmgssgs$ obmusnil bi tfg pdeiinil$ nkpdgkgitetnbi ei` mbitrbd bo tfg

dblnstnms bpgretnbis tb pudd ketgrneds tfrbulf tfg suppdy mfeni &Jeiiei ei` Pei$ 8117.) Pfg

Mbuimnd bo Dblnstnms Keielgkgit &8111. `gonigs ]MK es e systgknm mbbr`nietnbi bo tfg

tre`ntnbied husnigss ouimtnbis ei` temtnms emrbss tfgsg husnigss ouimtnbis wntfni e pertnmuder

brleinzetnbi ei` emrbss husnigssgs wntfni tfg ]M obr tfg purpbsgs bo nkprbvnil tfg dbil+tgrk

pgrobrkeimg bo tfg ni`nvn`ued brleinzetnbis ei` tfg ]M es e wfbdg)

Big `gonintnbi bo ]MK ns boogrg` hy De Dbi`g &5>>6.)es3 tfg `gdnvgry bo gifeimg` mustbkgr

ei` gmbibknm vedug tfrbulf syimfrbinzg` keielgkgit bo tfg odbw bo pfysnmed lbb`s ei`

essbmnetg` niobrketnbi orbk sburmnil tfrbulf mbisukptnbi)

Pfg vernbus `gonintnbis wfnmf fevg hggi prbpbsg` ni`nmetg tfet ]MK prgsmrnhgs

brleinzetnbied rgstrumturnil$ gxtgi`g` tb tfg emfngvgkgit bo e mbkpeiy+wn`g mbddehbretnvg

mudturg)

Dekhgrt ei` mbbpgr &8111. `gonig ]MK es tfg nitglretnbi ei` keielgkgit bo jgy husnigss

prbmgssgs ei` kudtnpdg rgdetnbisfnps emrbss tfg suppdy mfeni) ]nknderdy$ emmbr`nil tb Dekhgrt

gt ed) &5>>6. ]MK ns `gonig` es tfg nitglretnbi bo jgy husnigss prbmgssgs orbk gi` usgr

tfrbulf brnlnied suppdngrs tfet prbvn`gs prb`umts$ sgrvnmgs ei` niobrketnbi ei` tfus e``nil

vedug obr mbisukgrs"mustbkgrs ei` btfgr stejgfbd`grs)

]MK mei ourtfgr hg `gsmrnhg` es e systgk obrkg` hy tfg mbbpgretnbi ei` syimfrbinzetnbi bo

suppdy mfeni kgkhgrs tfet fevg hbi`g` tblgtfgr tb sbdvg mbkkbi prbhdgks) Pfns

mbbpgretnbi nimdu`gs tfg sfernil bo mbkkbi bhcgmtnvgs$ lbeds$ pbdnmngs$ ei` onieimneds es wgdd

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es obrknil mbkkntkgits ehbut nssugs sumf es mepemnty ei` prb`umtnbi &Mfei`re / Juker$

8115e.)

Xgsgermf ni ]MK gvbdvg` edbil twb sgperetg petfs tfet gvgitueddy kgrlg` nitb e mbkkbi

hb`y bo dntgreturg$ wntf e prnkery obmus bi nitglretnbi$ mustbkgr setnsoemtnbi$ ei` husnigss

rgsudts) Pfg purmfesnil ei` suppdy pgrspgmtnvg bo ]MK nivbdvgs tfg prgvnbusdy `nsperetg

purmfesnil ei` suppdy keielgkgit ouimtnbis bo tfg ni`ustrned huygrs$ wfgrges tfg

treispbrtetnbi ei` dblnstnms pgrspgmtnvg gvbdvgs orbk tfg treispbrtetnbi ei` pfysnmed

`nstrnhutnbi ouimtnbis bo tfg rgtendgrs) E sukkery ei` `nsmussnbi bo tfg rgmgit ]MK dntgreturg

mei hg obui` ni Pei &8115.)

Kbst bo tfg rgmgit ]MK dntgreturg e``rgssgs tfg purmfesnil prbmgss$ gkpfesnznil tfet nt ns e

hesnm stretglnm husnigss prbmgss$ nistge` bo e suppbrtnil rbdg tb bvgredd husnigss stretgly

&Xgmj gt ed) 5>>8.) ]uppdy mfeni keielgkgit ns e pfndbsbpfy tfet gxtgi`s tre`ntnbied nitgried

emtnvntngs hy gkhremnil ei nitgrgitgrprnsg smbpg$ hrnilnil tre`nil pertigrs tblgtfgr wntf tfg

mbkkbi lbed bo bptnknzetnbi ei` goonmngimy &Ferwnmj 5>>>5. ei` Igw ei` Qeyig &5>>7. `gsmrnhg` ]MK es tfg mfeni dnijnil

gemf gdgkgit bo tfg keiuoemturnil ei` suppdy prbmgss orbk rew ketgrneds tfrbulf tb tfg gi`

usgrs$ ei` trgetnil edd onrks wntfni tfg suppdy mfeni es e uinong` vnrtued husnigss gitnty) Heetz

&5>>7. ourtfgr gxpei`g` ]MK tb nimdu`g rgmymdnil)

Pfg pfndbsbpfy bo ]MK obmusgs bi fbw onrks utndnzg tfgnr suppdngrs prbmgssgs$ tgmfibdbly$

ei` mepehndnty tb gifeimg mbkpgtntnvg e`veitelg &Oerdgy 5>>>8.) Ni ei ettgkpt tb tremg nts `gvgdbpkgit$ Pei &8115.mdessnong` tfg ]MK dntgreturg nitb twb pgrspgmtnvgs$ tfet ns$ tfg purmfesnil pgrspgmtnvg bo tfg

keiuoemturgrs ei` tfg dblnstnms pgrspgmtnvg bo tfg kgrmfeits)

]nkmfn+ Dgvn gt ed) &8111.$ wgit bi tb `gsmrnhg ]MK es e sgt bo epprbemfgs wfnmf erg utndnsg`

tb gisurg tfet tfg suppdngrs$ keiuoemturgrs$ wergfbusgs br stbrgs erg googmtnvgdy nitglretg`

ei` keielg` sumf tfet tfg gi` prb`umt ns prb`umg` ei` `nstrnhutg` et tfg mbrrgmt queitntngs$ tb

tfg mbrrgmt dbmetnbis ei` tnkg$ tfus kninknznil tfg gitnrg mbst bo tfg systgk wfndg setnsoynil

sgrvnmg dgvgd rgqunrgkgits wfnmf nimdu`gs tfg mustbkgr setnsoemtnbi) Pfgrgobrg$ tfg mbimgpt bo

]MK ns ehbut lgttnil tfg rnlft tfnils tb tfg rnlft pdemgs et tfg rnlft tnkgs obr kexnkuk

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prbont) Pfns `gsmrnptnbi ns ibt oer orbk tfg bpninbi bo Jeuokei &5>>>=. mbimdu`g` tfet ]MK dbbjs emrbss tfg gitnrg suppdy mfeni retfgr

tfei cust et tfg igxt gitnty br dgvgd$ ei` enks tb nimrgesg treispergimy ei` ednlikgit bo tfg

suppdy mfenis mbbr`nietnbi ei` mbionluretnbi$ rgler`dgss bo ouimtnbied br mbrpbretg

hbui`erngs)

Onlurg 8)03 ]uppdy mfeni keni mbkpbigits$ &Xbhnisbi ei` Kedfbtre$ 8117.

Xgsgermfgrs rgednzg` tfg nkpbrteimg bo nimbrpbretnil ]MK ni tfg bvgredd husnigss pdeiinil

prbmgss wfgi ]MK rgsgermf kgrlg` nitb e mbkkbi hb`y bo jibwdg`lg tfet gimbkpessg` edd

bo tfg vedug+e``nil emtnvntngs) Edtfbulf nt wg ibt wn`gdy premtnmg` emmbr`nil tb Mertgr ei`

Ieresnkfei &5>>0.)Nt wes edsb `nsmbvgrg` hy Gddrek ei` Qgersbi &5>>0. tfet tfg prnkery

ouimtnbi bo purmfesnil rgkenig` e mdgrnmed rbdg bo iglbtnetnil prnmgs"ntgks `gspntg tfg

nimrgesg` gkpfesns bo nitglretnil purmfesnil nitb bvgredd mbrpbretg stretgly) Pfg mbimgpt bo

]MK wes cust snkpdy e `noogrgit wey bo mbkpgtnil ni tfg kerjgt tfet oedds hgtwggi

treisemtnbied+typg rgdetnbisfnps ei` emqunsntnbi$ ei` essukgs e verngty bo gmbibknmbrleinzetnbied obrks &Gddrek$ 5>>5.)

E prg`bknieit epprbemf tb ]MK rgsgermf es n`gitnong` hy Dggi`grs gt ed) &8118. ns tfg sb+

meddg` suppdy keielgkgit$ wfnmf gkpfesnzgs prnkerndy tfg huygr+suppdngr rgdetnbisfnp

wntfni tfg prbmgss) Pfg keielgkgit bo rgdetnbisfnps wntf btfgr kgkhgrs bo tfg suppdy mfeni

&n)g) huygrsuppdgr rgdetnbisfnp. ns nimrgesnildy hgnil rgogrrg` tb es ]MK snimg tfg suppdngrs

fevg e prbobui` ei` `nrgmt nkpemt bi mbst$ quednty$ tnkg ei` rgspbisnvgigss bo tfg huynil

onrks &Mfgi ei` Qeudrec$ 8110.)

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Pfbulf$ tfg dntgreturg bi ]MK fes mbisteitdy den` gkpfesns bi tfg nkpbrteimg bo googmtnvg

twb+wey mbkkuinmetnbi tb tfg ehbvg rgdetnbisfnp &n)g) huygrsuppdgr rgdetnbisfnp.) Pfg

mbimgpt bo ]MK fes hggi mrntnmnzg`) Pbkpjnis ei` Cgrinlei &5>>>>.

]nimg tfg gkgrlgimg bo ]MK$ nt wes ibtnmg` emmbr`nil tb Ejnitbyg gt ed) &8111. tfet sgvgred

`gonintnbis mbimgptuednzg` ni `noogrgit pgrspgmtnvgs) ]bkg rgsgermfgrs obmusg` bi tfg tbted

ketgrned odbws ZBdnvgr ei` \ghhgr &5>>8.$ Cbigs gt ed) &5>>>8.[) E ourtfgr bpninbi ns tfet bo Cbfistbi &5>>7. wfb sew ]MK es ei googmtnvg stretgly

tfrbulf (keielnil tfg kbvgkgit ei` stbrelg bo ketgrneds$ perts ei` oninsfg` nivgitbry orbk

tfg suppdngrs$ tfrbulf tfg onrk ei` tb tfg mustbkgrs)( \fndg Pfbkes ei` Lrnooni &5>>?.$

@enity gt ed) &8115. trgetg` ]MK es e sgt bo dblnstnm keielgkgit stretglngs$ mbvgrnil tfg

treispbrtetnbi bo ketgrneds ei` tfg keielgkgit bo niobrketnbis edbil tfg prb`umtnbi dnig bo

tfg brleinzetnbi"mbkpeiy) ]nknder vngw wes tfg `gonintnbi lnvgi hy Fb gt ed) &8118. wfnmf

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`gonig` ]MK es tfg keielgkgit bo ketgrneds$ prb`umts ei` niobrketnbi odbws orbk sburmg

tb gi`+usgrs)

]uppdy mfeni keielgkgit ns sbkgfbw `noogrgit orbk tfg tre`ntnbied mbimgpt bo dblnstnm br

bpgretnbied keielgkgit) Pfg dettgr ns essbmnetg` br pdemgs gkpfesns bi tfg emtnvntngs e

pertnmuder brleinsetnbi kust pgrobrk wfgi keielnil nts bwi bpgretnbis wfndg tfg obrkgr

lbgs hgybi` tfg pertnmuders mbkpeiys hbui`erngs nitb ui`grstei`nil fbw tfg mbkpeiy ns

dnijg` ni wntf tfg bpgretnbis bo nts suppdngrs$ `nstrnhutbrs$ ei` mustbkgrs &Hbzertf ei`

Fei`ongd`$ 8116 ei` Fulbs$ 811?.) Bpgretnbis Keielgkgit ns ehbut tfg treisobrketnbi

bpgretnbis tfet tejg pdemg wntfni ei brleinsetnbi tb prb`umg lbb`s ei` sgrvnmgs obr tfg

mustbkgrs)

Pfg ]MK pfndbsbpfy wes ibtg` tb fevg sbkg jgy tfgkgs wfnmf wgrg n`gitnong` hy

KmLgbrlg ei` Qedkgr &8118. es3

Nkprbvg` mustbkgr vedug ei` rg`umtnbi bo mbsts

]tretglnm keielgkgit bo tfg mfeni bo rgdetnbisfnps

]yimfrbinsetnbi bo niobrketnbi$ prb`umt ei` oui`s odbw$ ei`

Mbkpgtntnvgigss$ kerjgt obrmgs ei` niibvetnbi)

]uppdy mfeni keielgkgit fes sfnotg` tfg gkpfesns orbk nitgried strumturg tb gxtgried

dnijelgs ei` prbmgssgs$ nt ns e pfndbsbpfy tfet gkhremgs ei nitgr+gitgrprnsg smbpg wfnmf

hrnils tre`nil pertigrs &huygr ei` suppdngr. tblgtfgr wntf tfg mbkkbi lbed bo bptnknzetnbi

ei` goonmngimy hy sb `bnil nt gxtgi`s tre`ntnbied nitgried emtnvntngs bo brleinzetnbis

&Ferwnmj$5>>>>. wfb `gonig` ]MK es tfg

kgeis hy wfnmf onrks gilelg` ni mrgetnil$ `nstrnhutnil$ ei` sgddnil prb`umts mei cbni obrmgs

tb gstehdnsf e suppdy igtwbrj wntf uihgetehdg mbkpgtntnvg e`veitelg) Pfg sfbrt+tgrk

bhcgmtnvg bo ]MK es n`gitnong` hy Pei &8115. ns tb nimrgesg prb`umtnvnty ei` rg`umg nivgitbry

ei` mymdg tnkg$ wfndg tfg dbil+tgrk stretglnm lbed ns tb nimrgesg mustbkgr setnsoemtnbi$ kerjgt

sferg$ ei` prbonts obr edd kgkhgrs bo tfg vnrtued brleinzetnbi) Qrbhehdy tfgsg bhcgmtnvgs mbud`

hg tfg rgesbi obr wfnmf ]MK ns lrbwnil ni pbpudernty es e sburmg bo mbkpgtntnvg e`veitelg

es ibtg` Hurlgss &5>>6.)

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Pehdg 8)83 Mferemtgrnstnm `noogrgimgs hgtwggi tre`ntnbied weys bo keielnil tfg suppdy mfeni

ei` ]MK$ sgg &Mbbpgr gt ed)$ 5>>=. kgitnbig` ni &_rncfbgo gt ed)$ 5>>>.)

Pfg summgss bo e`bptnil tfg ]MK pfndbsbpfy ns essbmnetg` wntf tfg mfeddgilnil ei` `noonmudt`gvgdbpkgit bo e igw mudturg hesg` bi dbil+tgrk ei` mdbsgr nitre+ ei` nitgr+brleinsetnbied

rgdetnbisfnps$ kutued mbkpgtntnvg e`veitelg$ sferg` dgerinil$ lrgetgr treispergimy ei` trust)

Pfg keiuoemturnil ni`ustry mei hg sen` tb emfngvg` nimrgesg` prb`umtnvnty ei` rg`umg mbsts

tfrbulf tfg e`bptnbi bo suppdy mfeni nkprbvgkgit kgesurgs dnjg mbddehbretnbi$ pertigrnil

ei` nitglretnbi wntfni tfg suppdy mfeni) Pfgsg suppdy mfeni kgesurgs erg mbkpdgx$ `yieknm

ei` dbil prbmgss$ wfnmf nivbdvgs emtbrs orbk wntfni ei` hgtwggi brleinsetnbis)

Fbwgvgr$ big bo sumf kgesurgs ns tfg e`bptnbi bo wfet ns meddg` dgei prb`umtnbi hy

eutbkbhndg ni`ustry) Dgei Qrb`umtnbi ns tfg lgigrnm vgrsnbi bo tfg Pbybte Qrb`umtnbi

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]ystgk$ rgmblinsg` es tfg kbst goonmngit prb`umtnbi systgk ni tfg wbrd` tb`ey &Glei$ 5>>6.)

Nt ns ehbut usnil dgss bo gvgrytfnil mbkperg` wntf kess prb`umtnbi+fedo tfg fukei goobrt$

fedo tfg keiuoemturnil spemg$ ei` fedo tfg gilniggrnil fburs tb `gvgdbp e igw prb`umt ni fedo

tfg tnkg hy tfg rgkbved bo tfg ibi+vedug e``nil emtnvntngs wntf tfg suppdy mfeni &Glei$ 5>>6

ei` Mertdn`lg$ 811?.) Pfg ]MK mbimgpt ns ei butmbkg bo ei gvbdutnbiery ei` mukudetnvg

prbmgss$ wfnmf stertg` wntf btfgr niibvetnbis sumf es CNP ei` PUK) Nt ns e kudtn+oemtbr

prbmgss$ wfnmf nivbdvgs `noogrgit ouimtnbis$ stejgfbd`grs ei` vernehdgs$ ei` e wfbdg sgqugimg

bo gvgits)

Obr tfns rgsgermf e kbst strenlftobrwer` `gonintnbi bo ]MK orbk BHrngi ei` Onsmfgr &5>>=.

ns e`bptg`$ wfnmf `gonigs ]MK es tfg systgk wfgrg suppdngrs$ mbitremtbrs ei`

mdngits"ermfntgmts wbrj tblgtfgr ui`gr tfg mbbr`nietnbi bo tfg keni mbitremtbr tb prb`umg$

`gdnvgr$ nistedd ei` utndnzg niobrketnbi$ ketgrneds$ pdeit$ tgkpbrery wbrjs$ gqunpkgit ei`

dehbur ei` btfgr rgsburmgs obr mbistrumtnbi prbcgmts)

8)0 Mbistrumtnbi ]uppdy Mfeni

Pfg jgy pdeygrs bo tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry erg sfbwi ni tfg onlurg hgdbw tb nddustretg tfg

mbkpdgxnty bo tfg sgmtbr)

Onlurg 8)?3 ]tejgfbd`grs bo tfg mbistrumtnbi ei` hundt givnrbikgit &Mburtigy$ 5>>>.

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Dnjg gvgry btfgr ni`ustry tfg mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfenis gi` wntf tfg mustbkgr) Wpstrgek snts

eiy nivbdvg` gilniggrnil$ mbistrumtnbi$ br prbogssnbied sgrvnmgs onrks) Pfgsg brleinzetnbis

ondd edd tfg pdeiinil$ gilniggrnil$ ei` prbcgmt keielgkgit ouimtnbis bo tfg prbcgmt) Orbk

fgrg$ tfg rgspgmtnvg ketgrned$ dehbr$ ei` gqunpkgit suppdy ns sburmg`) Pfns mbistrumtnbi

suppdy mfeni ns nddustretg` ni onlurg hgdbw:

Onlurg 8) hgdbw sfbws tfns sullgstnbi) Orbk tfg

rgsgermf merrng` but hy Mfgris ei` Hryeit &5>60. nt ns gxpgmtg` tfet mbistrumtnbi suppdy

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mfenis bidy gxnst obr tfg `uretnbi bo e prbcgmt) Fbwgvgr$ wfgrg kenitgieimg sgrvnmgs erg

elrgg` es pert bo tfg mbitremt$ tfg suppdy mfeni mei tfgbrgtnmeddy rgkeni ni gxnstgimg obr tfg

dnog bo tfg hund`nil &Xgg`$ 5>>>.) Mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfenis bi derlgr prbcgmts ns usueddy

gxpgmtg` tb nivbdvg fui`rg`s bo `noogrgit mbkpeings suppdynil ketgrneds$ mbkpbigits ei` e

wn`g reilg bo mbistrumtnbi sgrvnmgs &@enity gt ed)$ 8115.) Pfg mbitniug` rgdneimg bi e

orelkgitg` ei` derlgdy suhmbitremtg` wbrjobrmg fes erluehdy nimrgesg` tfg mbkpdgxnty bo tfg

mbistrumtnbi suppdy igtwbrj)

Onlurg 8)63 E typnmed mbistrumtnbi suppdy igtwbrjZHrnsmbg$ @enity ei` Knddgt$ &8115.[

_rncfbgo ei` Jbsjgde$ &8111. elrgg` tfet e typnmed mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni nivbdvgs tfg

odbw bo hbtf niobrketnbi ei` ketgrneds) Pfns mbimgpt wes wn`gi hy Mbx ei` Nrgdei` &8118.$

tfgy nimdu`g` ketgrned suppdy mfenis$ dehbur suppdy mfenis ei` gqunpkgit suppdy mfenis es

e``ntnbied mbkpbigits bo mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfenis) Pfns vngw feppgis tb edsb hg ni dnig

wntf tfg tfrgg typgs bo mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfenis wfnmf erg metglbrnsg` emmbr`nil tb Kuye gt

ed) &5>>>.$ tfgy erg3 tfg prnkery suppdy mfeni$ tfg suppbrt mfeni ei` tfg fukei rgsburmg

suppdy mfeni) Pfg prnkery suppdy mfeni `gdnvgrs tfg ketgrneds tfet erg nimbrpbretg` nitb tfg

onied mbistrumtnbi prb`umt$ obr gxekpdg$ rew ketgrneds$ mbkpbigits$ suh essgkhdngs ei`

kgmfeinmed ei` gdgmtrnmed gqunpkgit) Pfg suppbrt mfeni nivbdvgs prbvn`nil br emqunrnil tfg

rgqunrg` gqunpkgit$ gxpgrtnsg ei` ketgrneds tfet oemndntetg mbistrumtnbi$ sumf es orekgwbrj$

gxmevetnbi suppbrts$ smeoobd`nil$ tgkpbrery wbrjs rgdetg` tb bpgretnbi bo gqunpkgit$ sntg

emmgss) \fndg tfg fukei rgsburmg suppdy mfeni fes tb `b wntf suppdy bo dehbur ei` tfg

supgrvnsbry steoo es niputs tb tfg mbistrumtnbi prbmgss &Fetkbjb ei` ]mbtt$ 8151.)

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Pfg keni typgs bo suppdngrs ni tfg mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni mei hg mdessnong` nitb ketgrneds$

dehbur$ gqunpkgit br kemfnigry ei` prbogssnbied sgrvnmgs &Mbx ei` Nrgdei`$ 8118.) Pfg rbdg

bo mbitremtbrs ns usueddy tfg nitglretnbi bo edd tfg emtbrs kgitnbig`) Hbtf tfg suppdngr ei`

mbitremtbr erg sgdgmtg` tfrbulf hn``nil ei` typnmeddy hesg` bi dbwgst mbst$ lnvgi e`gquetg

mepehndnty ei` gxpgrngimg) Ni br`gr obr tfg mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfenis tb hg mdgerdy ui`grstbb`

tfgrg erg twb keni oemtbrs tfet erg put nitb mbisn`gretnbi iekgdy tfg hgfevnbur bo

mbistrumtnbi onrks wntfni kerjgts ei` tfg hgfevnbur bo ni`nvn`ued suppdy mfenis &bpgretnbied

espgmts. &B,Hrnei gt ed)$ 8118.)

Onlurg 8)>3 Mustbkgr suppdngr nitgroemg ni mbistrumtnbi prbcgmt suppdy mfeni &Dbvg$ Nrein ei`

Gswer`s$ 8110.

Mbistrumtnbi ruis bi e prbcgmt hy prbcgmt hesns wfgrg gemf ns uinqug ni smbpg ei` `gsnli)

]uppdngrs ei` mustbkgrs erg quntg orgqugitdy mfeilnil ei` rgdetnbisfnps wntf tfg mbistrumtbr

igg` tb hg rg+`gvgdbpg`) Es e rgsudt tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry kerjgt ns botgi `gsmrnhg` es

orelkgitg` ei` fnlfdy e`vgrserned &Hber`kei$ 8110.) Emmbr`nil tb Mbx ei` Nrgdei` &8118.

mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfenis fevg rgkenig` mbitgstg`$ orelkgitg` ei` fnlfdy e`vgrserned

hgmeusg bo tfg mbiodnmtnil ieturg bo `gkei` ei` suppdy)

Pfgrg erg e iukhgr bo sburmnil bptnbis edbil wntf mbkpdnmetg` strumturgs bo pbwgr wntfni

tfg `noogrgit kerjgts) Mbistrumtnbi ns purmfesg` br prbmurg` tfrbulf mbistrumtnbi mbitremts)

Eibtfgr nkpbrteit espgmt bo mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni ns tfg prbmgss bo ketgrneds

keielgkgit) Pfgrg erg obur keni pfesgs bo tfg ketgrned dnog mymdg emmbr`nil tb Felni &5>>6.

wfnmf mbkprnsgs bo: br`gr$ epprbved prbmgss$ oehrnmetnbi ei` `gdnvgry prbmgss ei` tfg

nisteddetnbi prbmgss) Pfgrg erg twb kbst wn`gdy usg` obrkets bo mbitremts ni mbistrumtnbi:

tfgy erg tfg mbkpgtntnvgdy hn` mbitremts ei` iglbtnetg` mbitremts) Pfg mbkpgtntnvgdy hn`

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mbitremts yngd` dbw ei` mbkpgtntnvg prnmgs tfus tfgy erg utndnsg` tfg kbst) Pfns obrk bo

mbitremts fes twb keni typgs iekgdy tfg dukp suk mbitremt ei` tfg uint prnmg+ mbitremt)

Pfg mbistrumtnbi sgmtbr ns mferemtgrnsg` hy tre`ntnbied tre`nil ei` ibi+mbbpgretnvg

rgdetnbisfnps wfnmf rgsudt ni e ibi+trustnil mdnketg ei` ellrgssnvg husnigss kgitednty

&_rncfbgo ei` Jbsjgde$ 5>>>.$ lgigretnil kbrg obmus bi tfg mdngits tfei bi tfg suppdngrs

&Ejnitbyg gt ed)$ 8111.) Pfgrg erg derlg ekbuit bo suppdngrs mbkprnsnil kenidy bo ]KGs

wntf dgss tfei 81 gkpdbyggs &Mburtigy$ 5>>>: ]cbstrbk ei` Hejgis$ 5>>>.) Ni ogw mesgs$ tfg

mustbkgr eppbnits tfg mbitremtbr ei` sbkg bo tfg suppdngrs obr e pertnmuder mbistrumtnbi

prbcgmt &Ejnitbyg gt ed)$ 8111.)

&Muttnil+@gmgddg gt ed$ pl) $ 811

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Onlurg 8)513 ]uppdy mfeni `ete emqunsntnbi prbmgss ni mbistrumtnbi &e`eptg` orbk ]pgjkei gt

ed) &5>>6. Ei gkpnrnmed nivgstnletnbi nitb suppdy mfeni keielgkgit3 e pgrspgmtnvg bi

pertigrsfnps.)

8)7]uppdy Mfeni Keielgkgit &]MK. Qremtnmg ni tfg WJ Mbistrumtnbi Ni`ustry

Pfg ni`ustry mbkprnsgs bo kbrg tfei 8

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Pehdg 8)=3 Mbistrumtnbi butput ni Lrget Hrnteni ni 811? &HGXX$ Mbistrumtnbi ]tetnstnms

Eiiued 8111 ei` 5>>7 hy tfg WJ mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry)

Pfns dg` tb vernbus `rnvgs tb rgobrk tfg wbrjnil premtnmgs ei` ettntu`gs emrbss tfg sgmtbr) Pfg

rgobrk prbmgss rgsudtg` nitb niibvetnvg ei` igw erreilgkgit bo suppdy mfeni pertigrs

&Km@grkbtt gt ed) 8110. ni tfg mbistrumtnbi sgmtbr$ wes prbvn`g` hy tfg niodugitned

lbvgrikgit suppbrtg` rgpbrts &Detfek 5>>0. ei` Glei &5>>6$ 8118.) ) Pfg onrst goobrt bo

rgobrk premtnmgs emrbss tfg sgmtbr mekg wntf tfg puhdnmetnbi bo ]nr Knmfegd Detfeks

niodugitned Mbistrumtnil tfg Pgek rgpbrt ni 5>>0 wntf nts keni rgmbkkgi`etnbi tfet tfet tfg

mdngit sfbud` hg et tfg mbrg bo tfg mbistrumtnbi prbmgss ei` tfet tfg rbutg tb emfngvnil mdngit

setnsoemtnbi wes tfrbulf tgek wbrj ei` mb+bpgretnbi &Ietnbied Eu`nt Boonmg$ Kb`grinsnil

Mbistrumtnbi$ FM 6

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wntf niibvetnvg weys bo prbmurgkgit+ big ni wfnmf mdngit dge`grsfnp ns jgy$ tfgrg ns lrgetgr

mbddehbretnvg wbrjnil " pertigrsfnp ni tfg gitnrg mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni ei` e ouddy sjnddg`

wbrj obrmg) Pfus oer tfgrg fes hggi prblrgss bi edd tfgsg orbits es wgdd es tfg prblrgssnbi

tbwer`s tfg e`bptnbi bo tfg prnimnpdgs essbmnetg` wntf ]MK) Es e rgsudt bo tfg Glei Xgpbrt

&5>>6.$ tfg Kbvgkgit obr Niibvetnbi &K0N. mekg nitb gxnstgimg$ tfg WJ Lbvgrikgit

Mbistrumtnbi Mdngits Qeigd rgspbi`g` wntf e rgpbrt bo den` `bwi terlgts obr tfg iukhgr bo

prbcgmts tfet wgrg tb hg prbmurg` usnil nitglretg` suppdy mfeni ei` pertigrnil jibwi es

Emfngvnil Gxmgddgimg &FK Prgesury$ 5>>>.) Pfbulf tfg ni`ustry ei` nts mdngits fe` pbsntnvg

rgspbisg tb tfg Glei Xgpbrt Xgtfnijnil Mbistrumtnbi$ tfg prblrgss wes sdbw ei` petmfy)

Pfg Ietnbied Eu`nt Boonmg edsb obddbwg` bi tfg trgi` bo niibvetnbi ni tfg mbistrumtnbi sgmtbr

hy n`gitnoynil igw prbmurgkgit rbutgs hesg` bi pertigrnil epprbemfgs es e jgy tbbd ni

gisurnil tfet hgttgr puhdnm prbcgmts erg `gdnvgrg` &IEB Xgpbrt$ 8115.) Obddbwnil tfns rgpbrt

wes e `ete tfet sullgsts niibvetnvg prbmurgkgit epprbemfgs$ wfnmf tgi` tb gimburelg

pertigrnil ei` suppdy mfeni nitglretnbi$ fe` e `gkbistrehdg hgigont wntfni tfg puhdnm sgmtbr

&IEB Xgpbrt$ 8117.) Emmbr`nil tb tfg ]pgmnednst Gilniggrnil Mbitremtbrs Lrbup$ ZGv =81s wntf nimrgesnil niobrkg`

prnvetg+sgmtbr mdngits ettgkptnil tb hbtf nimrgesg tfg `glrgg bo mbddehbretnbi tfet gxnsts

hgtwggi tfgnr prgogrrg` mbisudteits ei` mbitremtbrs ei` tb gxtgi` tfns epprbemf `bwistrgek

tb nimdu`g jgy suhmbitremtbrs ei` suppdngrs &]ee` ei` Cekgs$ 8118.)

Kbst mbkpeings ni tfg WJ erg mbisteitdy wbrjnil tb nkprbvg tfgnr suppdy mfeni rnsj

keielgkgit prbmgssgs ei` prbmg`urgs es tfgrg erg nimrgesnil gvn`gimgs tfet suppdy mfeni

nkprbvgkgit kgesurgs dnjg pertigrnil$ nitglretg` tgek wbrjnil$ {QQQ &Quhdnm Qrnvetg

Qertigrsfnp. "QON &Qrnvetg Onieimg Nintnetnvg.} ei` btfgr suppdy mfeni mbddehbretnvg

tgmfinqugs ns leninil kbkgituk ni tfg WJ mbistrumtnbi sgmtbr) Obr nisteimg$ ]bkg puhdnm+

sgmtbr mdngits dnjg tfg @gogimg Gstetgs$ ei elgimy bo tfg WJs Kninstry bo @gogimg erg edsb

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dge`nil tfg wey ni hund`nil tfg purmfesgr+suppdngr rgdetnbisfnps essbmnetg` wntf ]MK$ hy

e`bptnil Qrnkg Mbitremtnil wfnmf nimdu`gs keiy bo tfg jgy gdgkgits bo pertigrnil$ PUK

ei` ]MK wntf tfg bhcgmtnvg bo prbkbtnil mbddehbretnbi tfrbulf dge`grsfnp$ oemndntetnbi$

treninil ei` nimgitnvgs$ ei` rgpdemg sfbrt+tgrk mbitremtueddy `rnvgi prbcgmt+hy+prbcgmt

e`vgrserned rgdetnbisfnps wntf dbil+tgrk$ kudtnpdg+prbcgmt rgdetnbisfnps wfnmf nimdu`gs

rgstrumturnil ei` nitglretnbi bo prbcgmt prbmgssgs ei` suppdy igtwbrjs wntf ogwgr stretglnm

suppdngr pertigrs hesg` bi trust ei` mb+bpgretnbi &]ee` ei` Cekgs$ 8118.) .) Nimbrpbretg` edsb

ni tfgsg rgdetnbisfnps erg terlgts hy tfg elgimy tb merrybut mbitniubus nkprbvgkgits ni br`gr

tb emfngvg mbsts rg`umtunbi$ nkprbvg` quednty ei` obmus bi tfg wfbdg+dnog mbst ei` ouimtnbied

pgrobrkeimg bo hund`nils &Fbdtn gt ed)$ 5>>>.) Eibtfgr gxekpdg bo tfg e`bptnbi ei`

nkpdgkgitetnbi bo suppdy mfeni keielgkgit niibvetnvg tgmfinqugs ni tfg ni`ustry ns tfet bo

HEEs Fgetfrbw Pgrknied 7s Kgmfeinmed ei` Gdgmtrnmed &K/G. Huy Mduh wfnmf usfgrg` ni

e igw gre bo bpgiigss$ mbddehbretnbi ei` strnvnil obr wbrd` mdess rgsudts &Hgiigtt ei` ]eref$

811?: Mbistrumtnbi Gxmgddgimg$ 8110.) \fgi ouddy `gvgdbpg` hy 8155$ P7 wndd fei`dg =1

knddnbi pessgilgrs eiiueddy$ mbkperg` tb tfg prgsgit ?7 knddnbi `gedt wntf hy Pgrknieds 5$ 8$

= ei` 0)Pfg onrst pfesg bo vedug 0)8hi$ tb hg mbkpdgtg` hy 8116&Mbistrumtnbi Gxmgddgimg$

8110$ p) 7.

Qertigrsfnps WJ &811?. rgpbrt essgrt tfet hy Bmtbhgr 8117$ elrggkgits obr

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Onlurg 8)553 Ei e`eptg` WJ mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry suppdy mfeni &muddg` orbk Hgemf gt ed)$

8117$ p) ?58.)

8)7)5 Qertigrsfnp wntfni tfg suppdy mfeni ei` Mbistrumtnbi Nitglretg` Pgekwbrjnil

Qertigrnil ns ibrkeddy rgler`g` es e stretglnm erreilgkgit tfet nivbdvgs gilelnil tfg sgrvnmgs

bo e mbitremtbr ni e sgrngs bo prbcgmts wntf tfg prnkery enk bo emfngvnil mbst rg`umtnbi ei`

nkprbvnil goonmngimy$ br mei hg e sfbrt+tgrk snildg prbcgmt erreilgkgit &Ferrns ei`

KmMeoogr$ 8115.) Ni tfns dnlft$ Mekphgdd &8118. sullgstg` e mfeilg ni keielgkgit

tgmfinqugs tbwer`s lrgetgr suppdy mfeni brngitetnbi ei` lrgetgr niobrketnbi mbiigmtnvnty)

Qgersbi &5>>>. rgpbrtg` e ogw WJ mdngits &HEE$ tfg Kninstry bo @gogimg ei` Pgsmb. ei`

mbitremtbrs &Hedobur Hgetty ei` Perkem. nkpdgkgitnil tfg ]MK epprbemf) Pfg onrks fevg

kenidy emmbkpdnsfg` `restnm rg`umtnbi ni tfgnr suppdngr hesg &g)l) hy bvgr

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rgmbkkgi`g` es fevnil tfg pbtgitned tb gifeimg prbhdgk sbdvnil ei` tb nkprbvg jibwdg`lg

bo tfg prbmgss hy tfg pertnmnpeits) Herdbw gt ed)$ &5>>>>. ibtg` ni tfgnr rgsgermf merrng` but bi mesg stu`ngs bo

mdngit"mbitemtbr mbddehbretnbis ni tfg WJ tfet bi sbkg prbcgmts nivbdvnil pertigrsfnp" eddneimg

tfgrg wes botgi mesgs bo knstrust ei` mbiodnmt$ wntf atfg mbitniug` usg bo quesn mbkpgtntnvg

kgmfeinsks ei` tfg rgtgitnbi bo systgks bo mbitrbds &p) 5

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nivbdvg mdngits$ `gsnligrs$ keni mbitremtbrs ei` suhmbitremtbrs wbrjnil tblgtfgr es e uinong`

tgek$ retfgr tfei es e `nsperetg mbddgmtnbi bo sgperetg brleinsetnbis &Hrnsmbg ei` @enity$

8117.)

Nitglretnbi ni tfg mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni fes hggi tfg obmus bo e iukhgr bo gerdngr

nivgstnletnbis) Obr gxekpdg Kurrey gt ed) &5>>>. wes bo tfg bpninbi tfet dbil+tgrk stretglnm

pertigrsfnps wes tfg jgy tb nitglretnbi ei` tfgy wgit ourtfgr tb `gkbistretg fbw sumf

rgdetnbisfnps mbud` bvgrmbkg tfg tgkpbrery ieturg bo big+boo prbcgmts ei` sb prbvn`g e

kgesurg bo mbitniunty ni tfg suppdy mfeni)

Lrefek ei` Fer`ejgr &5>>6. gmfbg` bi tfg igmgssnty bo keielnil rgdetnbisfnps et edd dgvgds

ni tfg suppdy igtwbrj ei` tb hund` dbilgr+tgrk trust es e hesns obr pertigrnil) BHrnei &5>>>>. strgssg` tfg nkpbrteimg bo lbb` mbkkuinmetnbi ei`

niobrketnbi sfernil hgtwggi tfg vernbus stejgfbd`grs tb tfg mbistrumtnbi mbitremt wes

rgler`g` es e jgy mbkpbigit bo pertigrsfnp) Pfg rgmbkkgi`etnbis bo tfgsg rgsgermfgs

mbiobrk wntf tfg gkpfesns put obrwer` hy Detfei &5>>0. wfnmf trust es e prgrgqunsntg obr

pgrobrkeimg nkprbvgkgit wntfni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry)

]bkg rgmgit gvn`gimgs sullgst tfet tfgrg erg stndd bppbrtuintngs obr nkprbvnil nitglretnbi

premtnmgs) Pfg stu`ngs merrng` but hy Mfn`grfbusg gt ed) &811=. sfbws mdgerdy fbw tfg WJ

fbusghund`nil sgmtbr ns rgspbi`nil detg ni tfg `ey tb tfg mbkpgddnil igg` obr mfeilg$ nsmepehdg bo `gvgdbpnil nts suppdy mfeni tb gkhremg tfg prnimnpdgs bo nitglretnbi `gspntg

stertnil nts husnigss prbmgss rg+gilniggrnil orbk e rgdetnvgdy pbbr hesgdnig) Mbrrgspbi`nildy$

Fukppfrgys gt ed) &811=. `gsmrnhg e igw epprbemf hy e keni mbitremtbr tb gstehdnsf quednong`

pertigrnil wntf suhmbitremtbrs tfet yngd`s lenis tb edd tfg elgits ni tfg suppdy igtwbrj ei`

prb`umgs snlinonmeit nkprbvgkgit ni mbddehbretnvg wbrjnil &Hrnsmbg ei` @enity$ 8117.)

8)? Herrngrs tb ]uppdy mfeni Keielgkgit &]MK. ni tfg Mbistrumtnbi Ni`ustry

Kumf rgsgermf wbrj ei` rged tgst mesgs eiedysns fevg essgssg` tfet mbistrumtnbi ns nigoogmtnvg

ei` keiy prbhdgks mei hg bhsgrvg`) Kbst bo tfg smfbders br gxpgrts bi suppdy mfeni

keielgkgit erg bo tfg bpninbi tfet tfg keni herrngr br prbhdgk obr googmtnvg mbddehbretnvg

suppdy mfeni wbrjnil ni tfg WJ mbistrumtnbi ns tfg brleinsetnbied mudtured wbrjnil premtnmg

&Hrnsmbg$ 8117: \bb` ei` Gddns$ 8117: @PN$ 811?: Mertdn`lg$ 811?: Hgiigtt ei` Qgemg$ 811?.)

Eiedysns bo tfgsg prbhdgks fes sfbwi tfet e kecbr pert bo tfgk erg suppdy mfeni prbhdgks$

brnlnietnil et tfg nitgroemgs bo `noogrgit pertngs br ouimtnbis$ tfet ns$ tfg tre`ntnbied e`vgrserned

br es Mrntmfdbw &5>>6. sen` tfg nitrnisnmeddy odewg` tfet pgrkgetg tfg suppdy mfeni

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pertnmnpeits rnlft orbk upstrgek &mdngits"keni mbitremtbrs. ei` `bwistrgek

&suhmbitremtbrs"suppdngrs. wntfni tfg WJ mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry)

Pfns wes ourtfgr gkpfesnsg` hy Hen`gi gt ed &811?.:

Pfns orelkgitg` epprbemf tb prbcgmt prbmurgkgit ei` prb`umt `gdnvgry prbmgss

orgqugitdy dge` tb prbcgmt tgek hgnil mferemtgrnsg` hy e`vgrserned rgdetnbisfnps$ e

demj bo treispergimy ei` knstrust) Pfns$ ni turi$ botgi rgsudts ni e hdekg mudturg

wfgrghy tfg vernbus tgek kgkhgrs sggj tb kninknsg tfgnr dgvgd bo gxpbsurg tb pbbr

pgrobrkeimg$ retfgr tfei wbrjnil tblgtfgr ni e spnrnt bo trust$ mbbpgretnbi ei`

mbddehbretnbi &p)50.)

_rncfbgo gt ed)$ &8115. ni fns rgsgermf kgitnbig` sbkg bo tfg suppdy mfeni prbhdgks$

brnlnietnil et tfg nitgroemgs bo `noogrgit pertngs br ouimtnbis es3

Mdngit"`gsnli nitgroemg3 `noonmudtngs ni oni`nil but mdngits wnsfgs$ mfeilgs bo mdngits

wnsfgs$ dbil prbmg`urgs tb `nsmuss mfeilgs)

@gsnli"gilniggrnil nitgroemg3 nimbrrgmt `bmukgits$ `gsnli mfeilgs$ gxtgi`g` went obr

ermfntgmts epprbved br `gsnli mfeilgs

Gilniggrnil"purmfesnil / prgperetnbi nitgroemg3 niemmuretg `ete$ gilniggrnil

`rewnils ibt onttnil tfg usg$

Qurmfesnil / prgperetnbi"suppdngrs nitgroemg ei` purmfesg /

prgperetnbi"suhmbitremtbrs nitgroemg3 niemmuretg `ete$ niobrketnbi igg`s ibt kgt$

e`vgrserned herleninil ei` btfgr mfeilgs$

]uppdngrs"suhmbitremtbrs nitgroemg ei` suppdngrs"sntg nitgroemg3 `gdnvgrngs ibt ni

mbiobrkeimg wntf pdeiinil$ wrbil ei` `gogmtnvg `gdnvgrngs$ dbil stbrelg pgrnb`$

ewjwer` pemjnil$ derlg sfnpkgits$

]uhmbitremtbrs"sntg nitgroemg3 suhmbitremtg` wbrj ibt `gdnvgrg` emmbr`nil tb keni

`gsnli$ mbitremt ei` pdeiinil$

]ntg"mbkpdgtnbi bo hund`nil nitgroemg3 prbhdgketnm mbkpdgtnbi `ug tb quednty

prbhdgks$

Mbkpdgtnbi bo hund`nil"bmmupetnbi nitgroemg3 uirgsbdvg` quednty prbhdgks$ `gdeyg`

bmmupetnbi `ug tb detg mbkpdgtnbi$

Qurmfesnil / prgperetnbi"sntg nitgroemg3 niemmuretg `ete$ niobrketnbi igg`s ibt kgt$

uirgednstnm pdeiinil)

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Onlurg 8)583Lgigrnm prbhdgks ni tfg mbistrumtnbi prbmgss &hesg` bi _rncfbgo 5>>6.

Ni tfg rgsgermf bo _rncfbgo gt ed)$& 8115. nt ns ibtnmg` tfet kbst lgigrnm prbhdgks ni tfg

mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni prbhdgks fe` tb `b kbstdy wntf mbkkuinmetnbi nssugs &gntfgr

`gsmrnhg` ni tgrks bo `ete$ br kbrg lgigreddy ni tgrks bo niobrketnbi fei`dg` `urnil tfg

gxmfeilgs.) Pfg fnlf mbst bo hn``nil Znimdu`gs onieimned mbst$ tnkg spgit hy sginbr keielgrs

ni gstehdnsf tfg epprbemf$ sgdgmt tfg tgek ei` treninil ei` pertigrnil wbrjsfbps &Hgiigtt ei`

Qgemg$ 811?.[ fes edsb hgnil n`gitnong` es e herrngr tb googmtnvg mbddehbretnvg wbrjnil

ekbilst pdeygrs ni tfg WJ mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni &XNHE$ 8117: @nxbi$ 8117: Hgiigtt ei`

Qgemg$ 811?: Mertdn`lg$ 811?.)

Ejnitbyg gt ed) &8111. n`gitnong` snx kecbr herrngrs tb keielg mbitremtnil rgdetnbisfnps ni WJ

mbistrumtnbi prbcgmts) Nt wes obui` tfet tfg kbst mrntnmed herrngrs wgrg$ tfg ,demj bo tbp

keielgkgit mbkkntkgit, ei` ,pbbr ui`grstei`nil bo tfg ]MK mbimgpts,) Nt wes edsb obui`

tfet ,uioenr rnsjs ei` hgigonts eddbmetnbi, ei` tfg ,e`bptnbi bo tfg tre`ntnbied mbitremtuedepprbemfgs, wgrg big bo tfg kecbr bhstemdgs tb gkhremg suhmbitremtbrs nitb suppdy mfeni bo

tfg keni mbitremtbr &@enity gt ed) 8115.) Ni e``ntnbi$ stu`ngs merrng` but hy Igukei /

]ekugds &5>>?. nt wes obui` tfet nisuoonmngit suppdngr rgsburmgs ni tgrks bo niobrketnbi

systgks$ gkpdbygg sjndds$ ei` brleinzetnbied rgsburmgs key edsb fekpgr ]MK goobrts ni

mbistrumtnbi) Pfns ns hgmeusg nitglretnbi mei hg rgsburmg nitgisnvg.) Ni sumf mesgs$ sbkg

essnsteimg key hg lnvgi hy tfg obmed brleinzetnbi)

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Pfg wgej dnijs ni ]MK emmbr`nil tb Qedeiggswerei gt ed erg es obddbws3

E`vgrserned rgdetnbisfnps hgtwggi mdngits ei` mbitremtbrs:

Nie`gquetg rgmblintnbi bo tfg sfernil bo rnsjs ei` hgigonts:

Orelkgitg` epprbemfgs:

Ierrbw kni`g` wni"dbsg ettntu`gs ei` sfbrt+tgrk obmus:

Qbwgr `bknietnbi ei` orgqugit mbitremtued ibi+mbkkntkgits rgsudtnil ni e`vgrsg

pgrobrkeimg tremj rgmbr`s wntf pbbr quednty$ mbiodnmts$ `nsputgs$ ei` mdenks:

Qrnkg obmus bi hn` prnmgs &wntf nie`gquetg obmus bi dnog+mymdg mbsts ei` udtnketg

vedug.:

Dgss treispergimy mbupdg` wntf nie`gquetg niobrketnbi gxmfeilgs ei` dnkntg`

mbkkuinmetnbis:

Kninked br ib `nrgmt nitgremtnbis tfet obstgr susteniehdg dbil+tgrk rgdetnbisfnps)

Btfgr bhstemdgs tb emfngvnil suppdy mfeni mbbr`nietnbi wgrg n`gitnong` hy Mfbpre gt ed)

&8115. wfnmf mbud` edsb hg usg` tb fnlfdnlft sbkg bo tfg igmgssery brleinzetnbied

mbkpbigits rgqunrg` ni ei nitglretg` suppdy mfeni) Pfg onvg typgs bo bhstemdgs wgrg

emmbr`nil tb Mfbpre gt ed) &8115. nimdu`gs3

Nimgitnvg Bhstemdgs3 Nimgitnvgs boogrg` tb `noogrgit stelgs bo tfg suppdy mfeni tfet

sgrvg tb rg`umg suppdy mfeni googmtnvgigss)

Niobrketnbi Qrbmgssnil Bhstemdgs3 @nstbrtnbi tb tfg kbvgkgit bo niobrketnbi ni tfg

`noogrgit perts bo tfg suppdy mfeni)

Bpgretnbied Bhstemdgs3 Emtnbis tfetkey dge` tb vernetnbis ni tfg suppdy mfeni obr

gxekpdg pdemnil br`grs ni derlg dbts$ leknil$ ei` nrrgluder rgpdginsfkgit dge`+tnkgs)

Hgfevnbred Bhstemdgs3 Pfgsg erg bhstemdgs sumf es keielnil dbmeddy$ hdeknil btfgrs

ni suppdy mfeni obr prbhdgks$ ei` bptnknstnm hgfevnbr edsb meusg nitglretnbi

`noonmudtngs)

8)< Mbimdusnbi

]MK ns prbhehdy tfg detgst prbmurgkgit ei` dblnstnms pfndbsbpfy hgnil e`bptg`) Nt `geds wntf

bvgredd husnigss prbmgss gxmgddgimg ei` tfg keielgkgit bo e igtwbrj bo brleinsetnbis

&kgkhgrs. tfet erg nivbdvg` ni merrynil but tfg husnigss prbmgss &Ferdei`$ 5>>?.) Edtfbulf

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nt ns murrgitdy ni nts `gvgdbpnil stelg obr mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry$ nts eppdnmetnbi ni tfg sgmtbr ns

wn`gdy rgpbrtg` ZDekhgrt gt ed) &5>>?.$ B,Hrngi gt ed) &8118.[) Pfg niibvetnbis bi

mbistrumtnbi ]MK erg stndd ni tfg gkhrybinm stelg fgimg keiy `noonmudtngs ei` herrngrs bulft

tb hg bvgrmbkg &Mbx ei` Pbwisgi`$ 5>>6.) Mbisgqugitdy nt ns gssgitned tfet tfg mbistrumtnbi

ni`ustry `gvgdbps nts suppdy mfeni premtnmgs sumf tfet vedug ns `gdnvgrg` tb tfg mdngit$

&Dbmjeky ei` ]kntf$ 5>>>

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MFEQPGX =

ONX]P QBNIP E]]G]]KGIP DNKNPG@ &OQED. ]^]PGK

=)5 Nitrb`umtnbi

Eotgr tfg gmbibknm mrnsgs ni tfg 5>>1s tfg bnd ei` les ni`ustry edsb obddbwg` tfg trgi` ni

nintnetnil rgspbisg kgesurgs ni br`gr tb mbpg wntf tfg `noonmudt tre`nil mbi`ntnbis tfet wgrg

gifeimg` hy \brd` gmbibknm sdukp$ niodetnbi$ nimrgesg` mbkpgtntnbi ei` ldbhednsetnbi es et

tfet tnkg) Gxekpdg bo sumf nintnetnvgs wes rgogrrg` tb es tfg Mbst Xg`umtnbi Nintnetnvg obr Igw

Gre &MXNIG. &Glei$ 5>>6: Xbg ei` Cgijnis$ 811=: Mertdn`lg$ 8110.) Pfg bhcgmtnvg wes tb

emfngvg e rg`umg` `gvgdbpkgit ei` prb`umtnbi mbsts bo =1' emrbss tfg ni`ustry) Pfg rgsudt

wes uigxpgmtg` wntf gkgrlgimg bo e igtwbrj bo niibvetnvg ni`nvn`ueds mbkknttg` tb bi+

lbnil nkprbvgkgit ei` rg`umtnbi bo tfg mbst bo bnd ei` les `gvgdbpkgits hy 01' es rgpbrtg`

hy Glei &5>>6.) Pfg stretgly bo tfg nintnetnvg wes hesg` bi tfg pfndbsbpfy bo e`bptnil sbkg

kgesurgs dnjg stei`er`nsetnbi bo `gsnli$ prbmurgkgit ei` mbistrumtnbi ei` retnbiednsetnbi bo

mgrtnonmetnbi prbmg`urgs &Xbg ei` Cgijnis$ 811=.) Ni br`gr tb obr tfg bhcgmtnvgs bo tfg

nintnetnvg tb hg emfngvg` premtnmgs sumf es eddneimnil$ pertigrnil$ nitglretg` prbcgmt tgeks$

dbil+tgrk mbitremtnil wgrg n`gitnong` es hggi nistrukgited &Xbg ei` Cgijnis$ 811=: Mertdn`lg$

8110.)

Eibtfgr bo sumf nintnetnvgs nitrb`umg` wntfni tfg bnd ei` les ni`ustry edbil wntf btfgr obrks

bo niibvetnbi wes tfg mbkknssnbinil bo Onrst Qbnit Essgsskgit Dnkntg` &OQED. ni detg 5>>?)

OQED ns tfg bnd ei` les suppdy mfeni `etehesg obr tfg WJ$ Igtfgrdei`s ei` Nrgdei`$ ei` ns

big bo e reilg bo suppdngr keielgkgit sgrvnmgs prbvn`g` hy Emfnddgs Niobrketnbi Dnkntg`) Nt

ns lbvgrig` hy ei ni`ustry+hesg` stggrnil mbkknttgg wfnmf nimdu`gs rgprgsgitetnvgs orbk bnd

kecbrs$ &kenidy mbitremtbrs ei` suppdngrs. ei` nt ns bpgretg` es e quednonmetnbi systgk ui`gr

Ertnmdg =1 bo tfg GM Wtndnty @nrgmtnvgs)

Pfg OQED gvbdutnbi hglei wntf tfg mbddehbretnbi bo e iukhgr bo bnd / les brleinsetnbis tb

mrgetg tfg suppdngr `etehesg$ wntf ni`nvn`ued smfgkgs obr huygr ei` suppdngr mbkkuintngs

emrbss e `nvgrsg reilg bo ni`ustry sgmtbrs tfrbulfbut tfg wbrd`)

Pfg bhcgmtnvg wes tb rgpdemg ni+fbusg vgi`br epprbvg` dnsts wntf tfg OQED systgk tb hg

sferg` hy edd purmfesgrs ni tfg bnd / les ni`ustry) Nt wes fbpg tfet tfg systgk wbud` uintg tfg

ni`ustry ei` fgdp brleinzetnbis nivbdvg` tb emfngvg mbst ei` tnkg sevnils) Pfg OQED systgkboogrs e iukhgr bo ni`ustry sbdutnbis tb oemndntetg goonmngimngs ni tfg suppdy mfeni ei` ns

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murrgitdy suhsmrnhg` hy bvgr 61 purmfesnil brleinzetnbis ei` 8711 suppdngrs tb n`gitnoy ei`

sgdgmt murrgit ei` pbtgitned suppdngrs wfgi ewer`nil mbitremts br purmfesg br`grs) Pfg OQED

systgk prbvn`gs e strumturg` wey bo n`gitnoynil ei` sgdgmtnil tfg hgst pbtgitned suppdngrs ei`

mbitremtbrs hy sb `bnil gdnknietnil tfg igg` tb keniteni ybur bwi ni+fbusg suppdngr

`etehesg) Pfg systgk nimrgesgs suppdy mfeni goonmngimngs hy rg`umnil e`kninstretnvg espgmt

ni tfg prg+quednonmetnbi prbmgss) ]uppdngrs ni tfg bnd ei` les sgmtbr erg bhdnletg` tb snli up ni

tfg `etehesg ei` prbvn`g tfgnr mbkpeiy niobrketnbi) Pfg pgrobrkeimg fnstbry ei` eu`nt

niobrketnbi edbil wntf tfg mbkpeiys niobrketnbi erg fgd` wntfni tfg OQED `etehesg ei`

emmgssg` hy tfg bpgretbrs ei` mbitremtbrs &suppdngrs.)

OQED sgrvgs es tfg `nrgmt rbutg tb husnigss ni tfg ni`ustry ei` keielg rnsj ni tfg suppdy

mfeni) OQED strnvgs tb n`gitnoy$ quednoy$ gveduetg ei` kbintbr suppdngrs bi hgfedo bo

rglnstgrg` kecbr brleinsetnbis &kgkhgrs. wbrd`wn`g$ tfg sgrvnmgs nimdu`gs suppdngr

n`gitnonmetnbi$ prg+quednonmetnbi$ e uinqug tbted suppdngr keielgkgit sbdutnbi$ pgrobrkeimg

ogg`hemj$ eu`ntnil$ hgimfkerjnil$ ei` `bmukgit mbitrbd) Murrgitdy OQED ns rgmblinsg` es

tfg stei`er` epprbemf tb suppdngr prg+quednonmetnbi wntfni tfg WJ$ @utmf / Nrnsf Bnd / Les

]gmtbr)

Pfg systgk ns ei boo tfg sfgdo suppdy mfeni keielgkgit tbbd hesg` bi ni`ustry hgst premtnmg

wfnmf ketmfgs tfg igg`s bo nts suhsmrnhg` purmfesnil brleinsetnbis wntf tfg mepehndntngs bo

prg+epprbvg` suppdngrs) Mbisgqugitdy$ nt fgdps tb strgekdnig tfg tgi`gr prbmgss hy oest

tremjnil suppdngrs tfrbulf eiy rgqunrg` prg+quednonmetnbi) Nt gqueddy obrks e hesns obr

ui`grstei`nil ei` rgmbr`nil emtued pgrobrkeimg tfgrghy oemndntetnil mbitniubus

nkprbvgkgit) Pfus$ nt hund`s ei` suppbrts huygr+suppdngr mbkkuintngs ni tfg ni`ustry

mrgetnil ei googmtnvg suppdy mfeni igtwbrj &fttp3""www)gigrly+obmus)mbk:

fttp3""www)oped)mbk: KmDgiiei$ 8116.)

Btfgr ogeturgs bo OQED erg tb rgkbvg `updnmetnbi$ boogr mbkpdgtg$ vedn`etg` ei` up+tb+`etg

suppdngr niobrketnbi ei` `bmukgitetnbi$ spgg`nil up prbmurgkgit mymdgs)

Pfg keni purpbsg bo OQED ns tb bpgretg es e igutred ni`ustry stggrg` brleinsetnbi$

oemndntetnil goonmngimngs ni tfg bnd / les suppdy mfeni hy hgnil tfg mfeiigds obr nts tfrgg

oui`ekgited rbdgs iekgdy &fttp3""www)oped)mbk.:

http://www.energy-focus.com/http://www.energy-focus.com/http://www.energy-focus.com/http://www.fpal.com/http://www.fpal.com/http://www.fpal.com/http://www.fpal.com/http://www.energy-focus.com/

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Mbddehbretnvg Xbdg+ OQED giehdgs huynil ei` suppdynil mbkkuintngs tb hund` hgttgr

rgdetnbisfnps tfrbulf e kbrg bpgi$ trustnil ei` prbemtnvg epprbemf) ]fernil jibwdg`lg$

stei`er`s ei` gxpgmtetnbis dge`s tb huygrs ei` suppdngrs sfernil summgss)

Igutred Xbdg + OQED mbitniugs tb boogr ei nkpertned ei` treispergit epprbemf kgeinil

bhcgmtnvgs erg sferg`$ gxpgmtetnbis erg rensg` ei` stei`er`s erg fnlfgr edd rbui`) Pfns rgsudts

ni edd pertngs hgigontnil orbk hgttgr bppbrtuintngs ei` destnil husnigss rgdetnbisfnps) Nisnlftoud

Xbdg + OQED giehdgs huygrs ei` suppdngrs tb mbiigmt$ ei` hgigont orbk veduehdg jibwdg`lg

ei` obrgsnlft rgdgveit tb tfgnr kerjgt)

Pfg keni `rnvgrs bo tfg OQED systgk erg3

Pb Nimrgesg ]uppdy Mfeni goonmngimy

Bpgretbr Mbkpdneimg wntf GM Wtndntngs &]uppdy Mfeni Mb`g bo Qremtnmg.

Qrbmurgkgit @nrgmtnvgs

Btfgrs nimdu`g

Xg`umg` e`kninstretnbi ni Qrg+Uuednonmetnbi prbmgss

Nkprbvg odbw bo niobrketnbi

]fernil bo eu`nt ei` essgsskgit mbsts

Bpgi / treispergit kgtfb` bo Medd Obr Mbkpgtntnbi

Ei gtfnmed wey bo `bnil husnigss

Mbrpbretg Xgspbisnhndnty &tb hg e``g` sbbi.

Pfg hgigont bo rglnstgrnil wntf OQED tb suppdngrs ei` purmfesgrs nimdu`gs tfg obddbwnil3

OQED eppdngs ei ni`ustry stei`er` epprbemf tfet prbkbtgs mbisnstgimy ei` bpgiigss

ni tfg prbmurgkgit prbmgss tfus mbkpdnkgitnil tfg purmfesnil brleinzetnbis

mbrpbretg rgspbisnhndnty stei`er`s ei` boogrs e oenr wey bo sgdgmtnil ei` keielnil

suppdngrs)

Fgdps tfg suppdngrs kggt mustbkgr setnsoemtnbi kbintbrnil ei` mbitniued nkprbvgkgit

espgmts bo tfg N]B>115stei`er`)

OQED essnsts ni rg`umnil goobrt ni rgpgtntnvg prg+quednonmetnbi ei` gveduetnbi bo

suppdngrs ei` prbvn`gs e mbst+googmtnvg kgmfeinsk obr rg`umnil tgi`grnil dge` tnkgs

hy usnil kumf kbrg mbimnsg prg+quednonmetnbi `bmukgitetnbi)

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OQED sgmurgs mbst ei` tnkg sevnils obr nts kgkhgrs &hbtf purmfesgrs ei` suppdngrs.

hy gdnknietnil `updnmetnbi)

OQED prbvn`gs nts rglnstgrg` suppdngrs tfg bppbrtuinty tb prgsgit mrg`gitneds ei` wbrj

wntf

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rgqunrgkgits ni e oenr ei` mbisnstgit keiigr$ es wgdd es keielnil niobrketnbi bi tfgnr

gxnstnil suppdngrs)

=)8)8 Qgrobrkeimg Ogg`hemj3 Qurmfesgrs &mdngits. ei` suppdngrs &mbitremtbrs. usg tfns

Qgrobrkeimg ogg`hemj es e tbbd tb merry but pgrobrkeimg essgsskgit `urnil br obddbwnil

wbrj gxgmutnbi) Nt mbkprnsgs bo tfg suppdngr pgrobrkeimg ei` purmfesgr pgrobrkeimg)

Qgrobrkeimg Ogg`hemj obrks e jgy pert bo tfg ]uppdy Mfeni Mb`g bo Qremtnmg tfet erg

rgmbr`g` ni e Xgpbrt obrket ei` mbkpdgtg` et nitgrveds elrgg` hgtwggi tfg twb pertngs) Pfg

pgrobrkeimg bo tfg suppdngr ns smbrg` e kexnkuk bo 57 gdgkgits wntf tfg queitnong` rgsudts

gxprgssg` es e mbkpeiy hesg` lrepfnm prbondg: wfgrg tfg prbondgs mei hg eiedysg` hy

prb`umt"sgrvnmg dnig$ wbrj snzg ei` tnkg) Pfg rgpbrts erg niputs nitb e suppdngrs rglnstretnbi$

wfnmf erg `nspdeyg` lrepfnmeddy sfbwnil ei bhcgmtnvg essgsskgit bo tfg dgvgds bo

pgrobrkeimg emfngvg` emrbss tfg reilg bo gdgkgits) Pfg pgrobrkeimg ogg`hemj kgesurgs fbw

wgdd purmfesgrs suppbrts suppdngrs tfrbulf e mbitremt) Nt ns e tbbd tfet mei hg usg` hy hbtf

suppdngrs ei` purmfesgr es e husnigss nkprbvgkgit tbbd hy hgimfkerjnil tfgnr pgrobrkeimg

elenist tfgnr pggrs br mbkpgtntbrs wntfbut `nvudlnil ni`nvn`ued mbkpeiy pgrobrkeimg)

=)8)= Mepehndnty Essgsskgits3 OQED merrngs but ei ni+`gptf essgsskgit bo suppdngr

mepehndnty tfrbulf tfg suppdngr rgspbisgs ni e Mepehndnty Qrbondnil Uugstnbiienrg &MQU.) Hy

sb `bnil tfgy erg ehdg tb queitnoy tfg gxnstnil mbrg mbkpgtgimngs es wgdd es jgy erges bo

nkprbvgkgit bo tfg mbkpeiy) Bi mbkpdgtnbi bo tfns prbmgss tfg igg` obr rgpgtntnvg ei`

lgigrnm prg+quednonmetnbi emtnvnty wntfni tfg bnd / les ni`ustry ns mbkpdgtgdy rgkbvg`) Pfns ni

turi sevgs veduehdg tnkg ei` kbigy obr tfg husnigss) Nt ns `gsnlig` tb rgprgsgit e mbkpeiy,s

mepehndntngs ei` tb eddbw mdngits tb `gmn`g tfgksgdvgs bi wfet ns ei emmgptehdg stei`er` obr

tfg wbrj hgnil mbisn`grg`)

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Onlurg =)83 ]uppdngrs hgimfkerjg` Mepehndnty Qrbondg$ e`eptg` orbk KmDgiiei$ 8116)

=)8)0 _grnoy3 Pfns ns e suppdngr essgsskgit sgrvnmg tfet nivbdvgs e vgrnonmetnbi vnsnt ei`

epprensed prbmgss tfet obmusgs bi tfg suppdngrs Fgedtf$ ]eogty ei` Givnrbikgited premtnmgs ni

ednlikgit wntf tfg bnd ei` les ni`ustrys stei`er`s) Pfns prbmgss gre`nmetgs tfg igg` obr

mbstdy ei` rgpgtntnvg mdngit essgsskgits$ tfgrghy gdnknietnil `updnmetnbi bo goobrt ei`

Kexnkuk smbrg

wntfni lrbup

]uppdngrs pbsntnbi wntfnilrbup

Evgre g smbrg bo rbu

Kninkuk smbrg wntfni

lrbup

8 0 ? 6 51Qbbr Kg`nbmrg E`gquetg Lbb` Gxmgddgit

]jndd$

mbkpgtgimg /

Fgedtf / ]eogty

]uppdngr Klt)

Qrbcgmt Klt

Givnrbikgit

Nisteddetnbi /

Mbkknssnbini

@bmukgitetnbi

Qdeiinil

/@gdnvgr

]grvnmg Uuednty

Niibvetnbi /

nk rbvgkgits

Qrb`umt Uuednty

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niobrketnbi letfgrnil emrbss tfg ni`ustry) Pfg rgsudts emfngvg` es rgsudt bo tfg vnsnt ei`

epprensed edbil wntf tfg ni`nvn`ued suppdngr nkprbvgkgit pdeis erg ke`g emmgssnhdg vne tfg

OQED `etehesg obr rglnstgrg` purmfesgrs wfb pertnmnpetg` ni tfg _grnoy ]mfgkg)

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MFEQPGX 03

GVQDBXNIL PFG HGIGONP BO EQQD^NIL PFG OQED ]^]PGK NI PFG

MBI]PXWMPNBI NI@W]PX^ ]WQQD^ MFENI

0)5 Bvgrvngw

Pfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry pdeys e mbrg rbdg ni tfg lrbwtf bo btfgr sgmtbrs es e rgsudt bo nts

fgevy rgdneimg bi ei gxtgi`g` ei` verng` suppdy mfeni) Pfus dbts bo mbistrumtnbi mdngits

nivgst derlg rgsburmgs$ nimbkg ei` goobrts ni ]MK eppdnmetnbis"systgks es tfg jgy tb nimrgesg

tfgnr mbkpgtntnvg e`veitelg$ nkprbvnil tfgnr bvgredd suppdy mfeni goonmngimy$ gifeimg tfg

treispergimy$ sfernil ei` trust bo tfgnr suppdy mfenis &Mfui+Mfni \gn ei` Dneil+Pu Mfgi$

8116.) Pfg keiuoemturnil ni`ustry fes hggi ehdg tb sevg fui`rg`s bo knddnbis bo `bdders

tfrbulf e`bptnil ei` eppdynil suppdy mfeni tgmfinqugs wfndst nkprbvnil mustbkgr sgrvnmg

&Eritzgi$ gt) ed$ 5>>7.) Bi tfg btfgr fei`$ dnkntg` stu`ngs ni mbistrumtnbi sullgst tfet

mbistrumtnbi prbcgmt mbst nimrgesgs hy tgi pgrmgit bi e rgluder hesns es e rgsudt bo pbbrdy

`gsnlig` suppdy mfeni$ tfbu tfns gstnketg ns sen` tb hg mbisgrvetnvg &Hgrtgdsgi$ 5>>=.)

Nt ns tfg mbitgitnbi bo tfg eutfbr tfet dgssbis mbud` hg dgerit orbk tfg OQED systgk usg` ni

tfg Bnd ei` Les Ni`ustry ei` nts gdgkgits &sbkg no ibt edd. ns e`eptg` ni tfg mbistrumtnbi

ni`ustry es e usgoud epprbemf obr nkprbvgkgit ni tfg mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni) Hgst premtnmg

mei hg treisogrrg` hgtwggi `noogrgit ni`ustrned sgmtbrs ni dnig wntf Obil gt ed &5>>6.$ &Grrestn

gt ed$ 81161s hy kbst

WJ ei` W] onrks orbk tfg Cepeigsg) CNP$ PUM$ ei` mdbsg ei` mbddehbretnvg huygr+suppdngr

rgdetnbis wgrg nkpdgkgitg` sb es tb nkprbvg tfg prb`umtnvnty ei` sbdvg prbhdgks ernsnil

orbk mbistrumtnbi prbmgssgs &Fgil Dn gt) ed$ 8116.) ]uhsgqugitdy nt ns retfgr nkpgretnvg obr

fnlfdy goonmngit mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfeni keielgkgit sbdutnbi tb hg `gvgdbpg` tfet

`gmrgesgs rnsj ei` nimrgesgs prbontehndnty) Peddurn &8111. ni fns pepgr fnlfdnlfts tfg

nkpbrteimg bo tfg goonmngit usg bo niobrketnbi systgks et stretglnm$ temtnmed ei` bpgretnbied

dgvgds bo ]MK) Eppdynil lgigrnm kgtfb`bdbly ei` `gvgdbpnil mbrrgspbi`nil prnimnpdgs ei`

kgtfb`s ni tfg mbistrumtnbi suppdy mfenis key lb bi wgdd tb rgsbdvg prbhdgks gimbuitgrg` ni

keielnil tfg suppdy mfeni ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry &_rncfbgo ei` Jbsjgde$ 8111.) Es

strgssg` ni tfg Glei Xgpbrt$ Niibvetnbi ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry ns bo fnlf nkpbrteimg es

nt ns mbrg tb emfngvnil mbitniubus sgrvnmg ei` prb`umt nkprbvgkgit ei`

brleinzetnbied"mbkpeiy prbontehndnty)

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Pfg eppdnmetnbi bo smfgkgs dnjg tfg OQED systgk ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry prbvn`gs

suppbrt obr dblnstnms bpgretnbis ei` eddbw obr mdbsgr nitglretnbi hgtwggi huygrsuppdngr tfus

giehdnil ]MK tb hg summgssoud) Obr gxekpdg utndnsnil OQED prbmgss &sumf es prgquednoy ei`

Mepehndnty Essgsskgits. tb sburmg$ ei` sgdgmt suppdngrs obr prbmurgkgit rgqunrgkgits ni tfg

mesg bo tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry wbud` emt es e kgeis tb spgg` up tfg tgi`grnil prbmgss ei`

rgsudts ni btfgr hgigonts$ gxekpdgs erg mbst sevnils rgsudtnil orbk rg`umg` nitgried

prbmurgkgit prbmg`urgs$ pepgr treisemtnbis ei` gifeimg` bppbrtuintngs obr tfg suppdngr"huygr

pertigrsfnp) Emmbr`nil tb tfg XNHE$ &8117. rgsgermf ni tfg yger 8117 tfg evgrelg hn` mbsts

obr QON fbspnted prbcgmts fes rbsg orbk

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Onlurg 0)53 ]telgs obr sgdgmtnil onrks obr pertigrnil$ muddg` orbk Hgiigtt ei` Qgemg$ &811?.

Pfg onlurg ehbvg sfbws tfg stelgs usg` hy mbistrumtnbi mdngits ni sgdgmtnil mbisudteits$

mbitremtbrs ei` spgmnednsts obr prbcgmt pertigrnil)

No e`bptg` ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry tfg OQED systgk wbud` spgg` up tfg stelgs usg` obr

sgdgmtnil onrks obr pertigrnil es nddustretg` hy Hgiigt ei` Qgemg &811?. ni tfg `nelrek ehbvg)

Pfg OQED systgk &`gsmrnhg` ni tfg prgvnbus mfeptgr. edrge`y tejgs merg bo tfg onrst onvg

stelgs &sgdgmtnbi mrntgrne tb Onrst Gveduetnbi. es sumf stelgs 5+7 wbud` hg gdnknietg` sb es tb

evbn` `updnmetnbi bo niobrketnbi ei` goobrt$ westg bo tnkg ei` oui`s$ mbistrumtnbi mdngits

wbud` tfgi kbvnil nitb tfg stelg bo sfbrt dnstnil mbitremtnil"suppdngr onrks)

]gdgmtnbi Mrntgrne

]gdgmtnbi Qrbmgss

N`gitnoy ]untehdg Onrks

Uugstnbiienrg

Onrst Gveduetnbi

]fbrt Dnst

Eppbnit Onrk

Iglbtnetnbi

]gdgmt Onrk

Dest Gveduetnbi

Obrked Nitgrvngw

Iglbtnetnbi Oends

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Edsb tfg nkpdgkgitetnbi bo tfg OQED smfgkg wbud` giehdg mbistrumtnbi mdngits tb fevg e

hgimfkerjg` mepehndnty prbondg bo mbitremtbrs$ suppdngrs$ mbisudteits ei` spgmnednsts) Hy sb

`bnil tfg ni`ustry wbud` hg kbvnil ni tfg pbsntnvg `nrgmtnbi bo dgerinil ei` e`bptnil hgst

premtnmgs"gxpgrngimgs orbk btfgr sgmtbrs es e`vbmetg` hy Oenrmdbulf$ C) &8118.$ Glei &5>>6.

ei` Detfek &5>>0.)

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MFEQPGX 7

XG]GEXMF @G]NLI EI@ KGPFB@BDBL^

7)5 Nitrb`umtnbi

Pfg prbmgss bo sgermfnil ei`"br rg+sgermfnil obr igw nisnlfts$ e`veimnil jibwdg`lg$

ui`grstei`nil bo e premtnmg br e pfgibkgibi bi e suhcgmt erge bo nitgrgst ns rgler`g` es

Xgsgermf &Hdbbkhgrl ei` _bdpg$ 8116.) Xgsgermf ns mbi`umtg` tb sbdvg prbhdgks ei`

gxpei` jibwdg`lg emmbr`nil tb @rgw$ 5>61.) Hgdd$ &5>>=. `gonig` rgsgermf es sggjnil

tfrbulf kgtfb`nmed prbmgss tb e`` tb bigs bwi hb`y bo jibwdg`lg$ ei` fbpgouddy tb tfet bo

btfgrs hy tfg `nsmbvgry bo ibi+trnvned oemts ei` nisnlft)

Pfg rgsgermf kgtfb`bdbly `gsmrnhgs tfg prbmg`urgs obddbwg` ni rgednsnil tfg enks ei`

bhcgmtnvgs bo tfns eme`gknm rgsgermf) Mbisgqugitdy$ tfns mfeptgr wndd mbisn`gr tfg nssugs

surrbui`nil tfg mfbsgi rgsgermf kgtfb`bdbly$ tfg retnbiedg hgfni` tfg sgdgmtnbi$ sgqugimgs

bo tfg rgsgermf$ tfg qugstnbiienrg `gsnlig` obr tfg nitgrvngw ei` eiedysns bo tfg rgsgermf `ete)

Pfg kgtfb`bdbly bo tfns rgsgermf ns brnlnieddy hesg` bi sgi`nil qugstnbiienrgs tb mbitremtnil

brleinzetnbis ni tfg mbistrumtnbi ni`ustry ni br`gr tb eiedysg rgspbisgs ni tgrks bo tfgnr

pgrmgptnbis ehbut$ murrgit ]MK premtnmgs$ gmbibknm nkpemts$ `rnvgrs ei`