www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org/cgi/content/full/5/178/178ra41/DC1

Supplementary Materials for

Conserved Shifts in the Gut Microbiota Due to Gastric Bypass Reduce Host Weight and Adiposity

Alice P. Liou, Melissa Paziuk, Jesus-Mario Luevano Jr., Sriram Machineni,

Peter J. Turnbaugh,* Lee M. Kaplan*

*Corresponding author. E-mail: LMKaplan@partners.org (L.M.K.); pturnbaugh@fas.harvard.edu (P.J.T.)

Published 27 March 2013, Sci. Transl. Med. 5, 178ra41 (2013) DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005687

The PDF file includes:

Materials and Methods Fig. S1. Effect of RYGB on glucose metabolism. Fig. S2. RYGB alters the gut microbiota independently of weight loss. Fig. S3. Relative abundance of Enterobacteriales over time and space. Fig. S4. Determination and quantification of Archaea and methanogens in fecal DNA samples in RYGB, SHAM, and WMS animals. Fig. S5. Phenotypic changes between germ-free mice colonized with microbiota from either RYGB or WMS donors. Fig. S6. Comparisons of body weight and adiposity markers in SHAM-R and WMS-R mice. Fig. S7. Ileal FIAF gene expression in germ-free recipient mice. Fig. S8. Potential mechanisms by which altered microbiota after RYGB affect host metabolic function. Table S1. One-week food intake and fecal calorimetry analysis of a cohort of RYGB, SHAM, and WMS animals. Table S2. Two-hour fasted blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, calculated HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and NEFAs in mice maintained on HFD. Table S3. 16S rRNA gene sequencing metadata from fecal time series. Table S4. Taxonomic groups with differential relative abundance between treatments. Table S5. 16S rRNA gene sequencing metadata from intestinal axis sampling. Table S6. 16S rRNA gene sequencing metadata from fecal transplants. Table S7. Taxonomic groups with relative abundance between transplant recipients.

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Supplementary Materials and Methods 1

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Glucose metabolism phenotyping. For measurements of glucose tolerance, an overnight-fasted 3

glucose was taken from the tail tip and measured with a glucometer (Alpha-Trak, Abbott Labs, 4

Abbott Park, Illinois). Mice were orally gavaged 1g/kg 20% dextrose, and blood glucose was 5

measured at T=15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after gavage. To measure insulin sensitivity, baseline 6

glucose was measured after a 1 hour fast. Insulin (0.75U/kg Novolin-R) was administered 7

intraperitoneally and blood glucose was measured at T=15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Change in 8

glucose was normalized to baseline. 9

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16S rRNA gene sequencing controls. In order to determine the reliability of taxonomic 11

assignments derived from the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, we mined the Human 12

Microbiome Project database (www.hmpdacc.org; 3/15/11 release) and the finished Eggerthella 13

lenta DSM2243 reference genome for 16S rRNA gene sequences, containing exact matches to 14

the forward and reverse primers used for 16S rRNA amplification. We then analyzed the 15

resulting 480 unique V4 sequences using the QIIME software package and compared the 16

resulting annotation to the expected taxonomy based on the draft genome annotation. Genus-17

level assignments were highly reliable, with a precision (or positive predictive value) of 0.976 18

and a sensitivity of 0.945. Species-level assignments were less reliable (Precision=0.621; 19

Sensitivity=0.373); however, most of the incorrect assignments were due to strains found in 20

other (non-gut) body habitats or at low abundance in the gastrointestinal tract. 21

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Quantification of Archaea, and methanogens, and sulfate-reducing bacteria. 1

To determine the presence of Archaea, methanogens, and sulfate-reducing bacteria 2

(SRB), PCR was performed on fecal DNA using the following primer sets: (i) Archaea 16S 3

AF571-5’-GCYTAAAGS RICCGTAGC-3’, AR958-5’-YCCGGCGTTGAMTCCAATT-3’ (1); 4

(ii) Methanogens mcrAF-5'-GGTGGTGTMGGATTCACACARTAYGC-3', mcrAR-5'-5

TTCATTGCRTAGTTWGGRTAGTT-3’ (28); (iii) Methanogens ME1-5'-6

GCMATGCARATHGGWATGTC-3', ME2-5'-TCATKGCRTAGTTDGGRTAGT-3' (29, 54) ; 7

(iv) SRB dissimilarity sulfite reductase dsrAFor-5'-CCA ACATGCACGGYTCCA-3', dsrARev-8

5’-GGGCCGTAACCGTCCTTGAA-3' (55); and (v) SRB adenosine-5’-phosphate reductase 9

APSFor-5' TGG CAGATMATGATYMACGG-3', APSRev-5'-GGCCGTAACCGTCCTTGAA-10

3' (56). The PCR reaction was performed using 2X Sigma REDTaq Readymix or 5Prime Master 11

Mix under the following thermocycler conditions: 3 min at 94°C, [45s at 94°C, 30s at 55°C, 45s 12

at 72°C] x 40 cycles, and a final extension at 72°C for 7 min. PCR products were resolved on a 13

1.5% agarose gel. Annealing temperature was determined by a gradient PCR run previously 14

using genomic DNA of either Methanobrevibacter smithii (ATCC 35061D-5) for Archaea and 15

methanogens or Desulfovibrio vulgaris (ATCC 29579D-5) for sulfate-reducing bacterial genes. 16

No amplicon product for mcrA, ME1/2, or APS was detected in any of the mouse samples, and 17

only 4 of 22 samples produced an expected product for dsrA; however, control human fecal 18

samples produced the expected product (data not shown). 19

Real-time qPCR for Archaea was performed on 25ng of fecal DNA mixed in iQ Syber 20

Green Supermix and run on a BioRad CFX 96 real-time PCR detection system (BioRad, 21

Hercules, CA) with the following cycling conditions: 3 min at 95°, [45s at 95°C, 30s at 56°C, 22

30s at 72°C] x40 cycles and a standard melting curve run. Each 25uL reaction was run in 23

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triplicate and compared to a standard curve made of 10-fold serial dilutions of a known 1

concentration of Methanobrevibacter smithii gDNA. Using the assumption that the average 2

weight of a base pair is 650 Daltons, the copy numbers for the standard curve was determined 3

and used to extrapolate the amount of DNA expressed in the samples. 4

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Supplementary Figures 1

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3 Fig. S1. Effect of RYGB on glucose metabolism. Effect of RYGB (n=9), SHAM (n=5), and 4

WMS (n=5) surgical procedures on (A) oral glucose tolerance (1 g/kg 20% dextrose) and (B) 5

insulin tolerance (0.75 U/kg i.p.), indicating greater improvement in insulin sensitivity in RYGB 6

mice relative to WMS mice. Values are mean±SEM. *P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001 between 7

RYGB vs. SHAM; $P<0.05, $$P<0.01 between RYGB vs. WMS; based on two-way ANOVA 8

post-hoc Bonferroni test. 9

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Fig. S2. RYGB alters the gut microbiota independently of weight loss. 16S rRNA gene 3

sequencing datasets representing fecal samples collected 1-12 weeks post-RYGB surgery, 4

SHAM operation, or SHAM operation followed by food restriction (n=140 samples). Three 5

distance metrics were employed to compare overall patterns in community structure (Bray-6

Curtis, unweighted UniFrac, and weighted UniFrac), each demonstrating significant differences 7

after RYGB relative to SHAM or weight-matched SHAM (WMS) controls. Values are 8

mean±SEM. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p<0.0001, ANOVA). 9

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Fig. S3. Relative abundance of Enterobacteriales over time and space. (A) The relative 2

abundance of Enterobacteriales is shown before and during the 12 weeks following surgery in 3

fecal samples collected from RYGB (pink), SHAM (orange), and WMS (green) animals. (B) The 4

mean fold-change of Enterobacteriales along the length of the gastrointestinal tract comparing 5

RYGB to SHAM controls (black) or RYGB to WMS controls (white). Asterisks represent 6

significant increases in relative abundance in RYGB mice (P<0.05, Student’s t-test). 7

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Fig. S4. Determination and quantification of Archaea and methanogens in fecal DNA 2

samples in RYGB, SHAM, and WMS animals. (A) PCR amplification and (B) quantitative 3

PCR abundance of Archaea in RYGB (n=8), SHAM (n=7), and WMS (n=6) individuals between 4

6-8 weeks post-surgery. Negative PCR amplification for methanogenic bacteria using (C) mcrA 5

and (D) ME primers in fecal DNA samples. Genomic DNA of Methanobrevibacter smithii was 6

used either neat (D) or in decreasing concentrations (ng/uL; A and C) as a positive control for 7

PCR and as a standard curve for qPCR. **P< 0.01, one-way ANOVA post hoc test. 8

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Fig. S5. Phenotypic changes between germ-free mice colonized with microbiota from either 3

RYGB or WMS donors. 4

(A) Cumulative food intake, (B) adiposity index, and (C) plasma leptin levels (ng/mL) between 5

RYGB-R (n=5) and WMS-R (n=4) mice after a 2-week colonization period. Values are 6

mean±SEM. 7

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Fig. S6. Comparisons of body weight and adiposity markers in SHAM-R and WMS-R 2

mice. (A) Fasted body weights, (B) cumulative food intake, (C) adiposity index, (D) plasma 3

leptin levels, (E) fasted serum triglyceride levels, and (F) liver triglyceride levels from either 4

uninoculated germ-free mice (n=7) or germ-free mice inoculated with the microbiota from an 5

RYGB donor (RYGB-R; n=15), SHAM donor (SHAM-R; n=6), or a WMS donor (WMS-R; 6

n=4) indicating that SHAM-R and WMS-R mirror a similar adiposity phenotype. Also note the 7

higher body weights in the SHAM-R and WMS-R despite the decreased food intake relative to 8

germ-free and RYGB-R groups. Values are mean±SEM. Values between WMS-R and SHAM-R 9

are not significant. Given the similarities in food intake and adiposity of WMS-R animals to 10

SHAM-R animals, these cohorts were consolidated. 11

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1 2 Fig. S7. Ileal FIAF gene expression in germ-free recipient mice. 3

Ileal FIAF gene expression between RYGB-R (n=5), SHAM-R (n=6), and germ-free (n=4) 4

recipient mice. Gene expression is relative to beta-actin. Values are mean±SEM. **P<0.01 based 5

on one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test. 6

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Fig. S8. Potential mechanisms by which altered microbiota after RYGB affect host 2

metabolic function. RYGB changes the community structure of the gut microbiota, with 3

enrichment of specific bacterial genera. Some of these microorganisms, which remain enriched 4

after transfer into non-operated germ-free recipient mice, may affect the relative proportions of 5

the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate, altering the amounts available to be used as energy 6

substrates, or more likely, changing the overall signaling properties of the SCFA pool to alter 7

metabolic regulation. Altered concentrations of the specific SCFAs, acting alone or co-8

dependently through G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 (symbolized by “#”) or GPR43 9

(symbolized by “*”), may induce the observed changes in adiposity, body weight, and metabolic 10

activity after RYGB. 11

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Supplementary Tables 1

Table S1. One-week food intake and fecal calorimetry analysis of a cohort of RYGB, 2

SHAM, and WMS animals. 3

Values represented as mean±SEM. Data annotated by different letters are significantly different 4

(P<0.05, ANOVA) 5

RYGB SHAM WMS

N 14 11 6

Total output (g) 5.2 ± 0.37A 2.7 ± 0.08B 2.2 ± 0.13B

Fecal kcal/g 5.4 ± 0.11A 3.4 ± 0.04B 3.4 ± 0.11B

Fecal Fat % 24.5 ± 2.3A 0.5 ± 0.09B 1.0 ± 0.52B

Fecal Nitrogen % 2.3 ± 0.14A 2.6 ± 0.21A 2.3 ± 0.32A

Fecal pH 7.0 ± 0.09A 8.0 ± 0.04B 8.3 ± 0.20B

Food intake (kcals) 121.9 ± 4.2A 114.1 ± 2.1A 86.92 ± 1.6B

Fecal energy (kcals) 28.6 ± 2.4A 9.1 ± 0.3B 7.7 ± 0.5B

Net Energyin (kcals) 93.2 ± 2.5A 105.0 ± 1.8B 79.3 ± 1.3C

Fat intake (g) 8.14 ± 0.28A 7.63 ± 0.14A 5.81 ± 0.11B

Fecal Fat (g) 1.36 ± 0.19A 0.02 ± 0.01B 0.03 ± 0.01B

Net Fatin (g) 6.78 ± 0.16A 7.61 ± 0.14B 5.78 ± 0.10A

N intake (g) 6.05 ± 0.21A 5.67 ± 0.10A 4.31 ± 0.08B

Fecal N (g) 0.12 ± 0.01A 0.07 ± 0.004B 0.05 ± 0.01B

Net Nitrogenin (g) 5.92 ± 0.20A 5.59 ± 0.10A 4.26 ± 0.08B

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Table S2. Two-hour fasted blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, calculated HOMA-IR, 2

triglycerides, and NEFAs in mice maintained on HFD. 3

Values represented as mean±SEM. Data annotated with different letters are significantly 4

different (P<0.05, ANOVA). Values for untouched DIO or normal chow (NC) are included to 5

indicate the range of each parameter and was not part of statistical analysis between operated 6

groups. 7

RYGB SHAM WMS DIO NC

N 17 6 6 8 3 Glucose (mg/dL) 137 ± 6.9A 172 ± 8.7B 143 ± 8.8A 209 ± 11.1 122 ± 2.0

Insulin (ng/mL) 2.18 ± 0.39A 5.28 ± 2.0B 0.35 ± 0.05C 25.0 ± 5.10 2.31 ± 0.89

HOMA-IR 18.3 ± 3.2A 57.2 ± 21.6B 3.0 ± 0.48C 317.7 ± 64.8 17.4 ± 6.7

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

35.4 ± 7.1A 75.4 ± 35.3A 20.9 ± 2.4A 25.0 ± 2.2 63.7 ± 19.3

NEFA (mEq/L) 0.18 ± 0.02A 0.19 ± 0.03A 0.11 ± 0.02B 0.23 ± 0.01 0.15 ± 0.03

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Table S3. 16S rRNA gene sequencing metadata from fecal time series*. 1

Sample Barcode Mouse Timepoint Collection Date Sequences RYT1 CTAGCGTGCGTT RYGB10 0 10/26/10 55,292 RYT2 CATGAACAGTGT RYGB10 1 11/4/10 93,834 RYT3 GCATCGTCTGGT RYGB10 2 11/10/10 70,267 RYT4 ATCCATGAGCGT RYGB10 3 11/16/10 103,361 RYT5 CATACCGTGAGT RYGB10 4 11/22/10 74,160 RYT6 GTCTGACGGTCT RYGB10 5 11/30/10 106,279 RYT7 TAGGCTCGTGCT RYGB10 6 12/6/10 106,694 RYT8 GACTAGTCAGCT RYGB10 7 12/13/10 91,906 RYT9 CATCGACGAGTT RYGB10 8 12/17/10 141,382 RYT10 TGAGTGGTCTGT RYGB10 9 12/27/10 132,519 RYT11 CTAGTCGCTGGT RYGB10 10 1/3/11 145,983 RYT12 CTGACGATCCGT RYGB10 11 1/10/11 104,409 RYT13 GAGTATCTGAGT RYGB10 12 1/17/11 140,199 RYT14 CAGTGCACGTCT RYGB17 0 10/27/10 135,849 RYT15 ACAAGTGCTGCT RYGB17 1 11/11/10 69,602 RYT16 AGCTGTCAAGCT RYGB17 2 11/16/10 147,078 RYT17 GTACGCACAGTT RYGB17 3 11/22/10 90,803 RYT18 AGCCGACTCTGT RYGB17 4 11/30/10 57,511 RYT19 TGACTCTGCGGT RYGB17 5 12/6/10 209,745 RYT20 GACACTCACCGT RYGB17 6 12/13/10 148,499 RYT21 ATCGAATCGAGT RYGB17 7 12/17/10 126,055 RYT22 AGTACGCAGTCT RYGB17 8 12/27/10 140,154 RYT23 ATCGCGACTGCT RYGB17 9 1/3/11 101,811 RYT24 ACAGTGCGTCCT RYGB17 10 1/10/11 119,675 RYT25 TCGACATCTCTT RYGB17 11 1/17/11 160,024 RYT26 GACCACTGCTGT RYGB24 0 10/24/10 119,678 RYT27 TCTGATCGAGGT RYGB24 1 11/4/10 105,755 RYT28 CACTGAGTACGT RYGB24 2 11/10/10 240,524 RYT29 TCCTGTGCGAGT RYGB24 3 11/16/10 267,988 RYT30 CACTTGCTCTCT RYGB24 4 11/22/10 246,560 RYT31 CTCTCATATGCT RYGB24 5 11/30/10 267,233 RYT32 GTCGTGTAGCCT RYGB24 6 12/6/10 323,702 RYT33 CGACTGCAGCTT RYGB24 7 12/13/10 152,170 RYT34 CAAGCTAGCTGT RYGB24 8 12/17/10 141,531 RYT35 AGAGAGACAGGT RYGB24 9 12/27/10 714,527 RYT36 TGCTACAGACGT RYGB24 10 1/3/11 243,850 RYT37 CTCTAGAAGAGT RYGB24 11 1/10/11 382,364 RYT38 TGCTCTTGCTCT RYGB24 12 1/17/11 212,457

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RYT39 GTCAGTATGGCT RYGB25 0 10/24/10 94,906 RYT40 GCGATCACACCT RYGB25 1 11/16/10 133,465 RYT41 ACGAGACTGATT RYGB25 2 11/22/10 160,424 RYT42 ATGAAGCACTGT RYGB25 3 11/30/10 211,130 RYT43 CTAAGACGTCGT RYGB25 4 12/6/10 406,623 RYT44 ATTCTCTCACGT RYGB25 5 12/13/10 125,418 RYT45 ATGGCTGTCAGT RYGB25 6 12/17/10 204,117 RYT46 CTTAGCTACTCT RYGB25 7 12/27/10 90,383 RYT47 TGCACAGTCGCT RYGB25 8 1/3/11 144,938 RYT48 CTCGAGCGTACT RYGB25 9 1/10/11 116,598 RYT49 CGAGTCACGATT RYGB25 10 1/17/11 70,132 RYT50 TCGCGCAACTGT RYGB25 11 1/17/11 106,569 RYT51 GATAGCACTCGT RYGB25 12 1/24/11 150,360 RYT52 TCTACGGCACGT RYGB25 13 2/14/11 97,433 RYT53 ACTAGGATCAGT RYGB25 EOS 2/15/11 83,916 RYT54 GCTCAGGACTCT SHAM16 0 10/27/10 71,804 RYT55 GGAGCTCTGTAT SHAM16 2 11/15/10 203,028 RYT56 GCCTGCAGTACT SHAM16 3 11/22/10 76,196 RYT57 GCCATAGTGTGT SHAM16 4 11/30/10 73,881 RYT58 GCTAAGTGATGT SHAM16 5 12/6/10 91,164 RYT59 TGGTCGCATCGT SHAM16 6 12/13/10 77,723 RYT60 GTGTGCTAACGT SHAM16 7 12/17/10 64,309 RYT61 TACGCGTACAGT SHAM16 8 12/27/10 135,302 RYT62 GCGCGTGTATCT SHAM16 9 1/3/11 49,393 RYT63 CACATCAGCGCT SHAM16 10 1/10/11 73,896 RYT64 GAGGATACTACT SHAM16 11 1/17/11 68,856 RYT65 GTAGACATGTGT SHAM16 12 1/24/11 42,950 RYT66 GAACGATCATGT SHAM16 EOS 2/14/11 76,560 RYT67 ACTACTGAGGAT SHAM26 0 10/24/10 188,070 RYT68 GTGGAGTCTCAT SHAM26 1 11/1/10 131,250 RYT69 AGCTTCGACAGT SHAM26 3 11/15/10 134,551 RYT70 TCGAGCCGATCT SHAM26 4 11/22/10 47,225 RYT71 ACGACCTACGCT SHAM26 5 11/30/10 73,849 RYT72 AGTGATGTGACT SHAM26 6 12/6/10 90,889 RYT73 TGTGGCTCGTGT SHAM26 7 12/13/10 81,246 RYT74 CACGTGACATGT SHAM26 8 12/17/10 110,565 RYT75 CCAGTATCGCGT SHAM26 9 12/27/10 93,303 RYT76 ACCACACGTAGT SHAM26 10 1/3/11 100,607 RYT77 TGAAGTCACAGT SHAM26 11 1/10/11 70,272 RYT78 ATGCAGAGATCT SHAM26 12 1/17/11 76,629 RYT79 TCGTGGATAGCT SHAM26 13 1/24/11 63,003

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RYT80 CAGCTATGGACT SHAM26 EOS 2/14/11 124,842 RYT81 AGTCGTGCACAT SHAM35 0 10/21/10 92,795 RYT82 TGCGCTGAATGT SHAM35 1 11/4/10 185,834 RYT83 GTATCTGCGCGT SHAM35 2 11/10/10 37,583 RYT84 TATGGAGCTAGT SHAM35 3 11/16/10 78,604 RYT85 GCTGCTACAAGT SHAM35 4 11/22/10 89,326 RYT86 AGCAGAACATCT SHAM35 5 11/30/10 98,617 RYT87 CTGTATGGAGCT SHAM35 6 12/6/10 93,347 RYT88 TCAGAGTAGACT SHAM35 7 12/13/10 58,575 RYT89 CGGATCTAGTGT SHAM35 8 12/17/10 125,815 RYT90 GATGTATGTGGT SHAM35 9 12/27/10 83,779 RYT91 TCCAGATAGCGT SHAM35 10 1/3/11 100,475 RYT92 CGTGACAATAGT SHAM35 11 1/11/11 66,719 RYT93 GAGACGTGTTCT SHAM35 12 1/17/11 48,059 RYT94 TGTAGGTGTGCT SHAM44 0 2/24/2011 96,293 RYT95 CCTCTGAGAGCT SHAM44 3 3/20/2011 93,210 RYT96 ATATGCGAGACT SHAM44 4 3/28/2011 63,733 RYT97 GCTTCTCTCACT SHAM44 5 4/6/2011 109,883 RYT98 GCGCAATAGTAT SHAM44 6 4/11/2011 39,960 RYT99 ATCGTCCGCGAT SHAM44 7 4/18/2011 58,797 RYT100 TCGCCAGTGCAT SHAM44 8 4/26/2011 65,421 RYT101 GTGCACGATAAT SHAM44 9 5/2/2011 49,564 RYT102 TAGCCTGTCGTG SHAM44 10 5/10/2011 70,493 RYT103 GAAGTGTATCTG SHAM49 0 2/25/2011 111,347 RYT104 GTCCTGACACTG SHAM49 3 3/28/2011 82,822 RYT105 ACGCATCGCACT SHAM49 4 4/6/2011 73,379 RYT106 CTGAGTGAGTAT SHAM49 5 4/11/2011 84,955 RYT107 TCCTCGAGCGAT SHAM49 6 4/18/2011 48,470 RYT108 ACTGAGCTGCAT SHAM49 7 4/26/2011 84,611 RYT109 CGCTCACAGAAT SHAM49 8 5/2/2011 50,663 RYT110 GTATAGTCCGTG SHAM49 9 5/10/2011 73,181 RYT111 CGATCCGATCTG SHAM49 10 5/17/2011 81,506 RYT112 GCTACTGGTATG WMS17 0 1/29/2011 94,603 RYT113 AGAGCATCCACT WMS17 3 3/7/2011 68,158 RYT114 GTATGGAGCTAT WMS17 4 3/15/2011 101,492 RYT115 GAGTTGTACGAT WMS17 5 3/21/2011 89,638 RYT116 CTGCTCAGGCAT WMS17 6 3/29/2011 91,317 RYT117 TCGTGCGTGTTG WMS17 7 4/1/2011 89,019 RYT118 TCCATCGACGTG WMS17 8 4/11/2011 97,776 RYT119 CGCTTAGTGCTG WMS17 9 4/18/2011 128,618 RYT120 CGAACGTCTATG WMS17 10 4/26/2011 110,408

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RYT121 CACCGTGACACT WMS39 0 10/26/10 68,381 RYT122 GAGATCGCCTAT WMS39 2 11/15/10 73,598 RYT123 CGTGTAGTAGAT WMS39 3 11/22/10 68,859 RYT124 CGCACTACGCAT WMS39 4 11/30/10 63,185 RYT125 AGCTGATAGTTG WMS39 5 12/6/10 56,438 RYT126 GTGTTAGATGTG WMS39 7 12/17/10 87,632 RYT127 CAACACATGCTG WMS39 8 12/28/10 82,134 RYT128 GAACTCGCTATG WMS39 9 1/3/11 161,115 RYT129 CGATCGAACACT WMS39 10 1/11/11 46,562 RYT130 CAGTAGCGATAT WMS39 11 1/17/11 65,942 RYT131 TATGCCAGAGAT WMS39 12 1/24/11 179,569 RYT132 GAGCGTATCCAT WMS39 EOS 2/15/11 82,316 RYT133 TACGATGAGTTG WMS41 3 3/20/2011 44,715 RYT134 TCAACAGTAGTG WMS41 4 3/24/2011 78,141 RYT135 ATGTCACCGCTG WMS41 5 4/1/2011 85,217 RYT136 TGCGAGTATATG WMS41 6 4/8/2011 75,961 RYT137 GACGCACTAACT WMS41 7 4/15/2011 35,025 RYT138 GCACTGGCATAT WMS41 8 4/22/2011 89,877 RYT139 ACCAGCTCAGAT WMS41 9 4/29/2011 58,990 RYT140 TAGAGCTGCCAT WMS41 10 5/6/2011 38,448 RYT141 GAGTCGATCTTG WMS42 0 2/24/2011 109,440 RYT143 TCTGCGAGTCTG WMS42 4 3/28/2011 81,991 RYT144 AACTGCGATATG WMS42 5 4/6/2011 37,781 RYT145 AGCGTCTGAACT WMS42 6 4/11/2011 79,577 RYT146 CCGCTACGTGAT WMS42 7 4/18/2011 119,828 RYT147 ATAGCACCAGAT WMS42 8 4/26/2011 92,965 RYT148 TGTGCACGCCAT WMS42 9 5/2/2011 54,208 RYT149 CTCTCTCACTTG WMS42 10 5/10/2011 65,584 RYT150 CTAATCAGAGTG WMS54 0 2/25/2011 88,984 RYT151 TAGTAGCACCTG WMS54 3 3/25/2011 38,755 RYT152 TACACGCTGATG WMS54 4 4/6/2011 87,522 RYT153 CGACGAGATTAT WMS54 5 4/11/2011 99,891 RYT154 CACACGCCTGAT WMS54 6 4/18/2011 121,667 RYT155 CACGATGGTCAT WMS54 7 4/26/2011 98,241 RYT156 GTCGCCGTACAT WMS54 8 5/1/2011 64,112 RYT157 ATTCGAGCTGTG WMS54 9 5/10/2011 52,539 RYT158 CGTCCTACAGTG WMS54 10 5/17/2011 85,475 RYT159 CGTTAGTGACTG DIO13 EOS 1/28/11 85,548 RYT160 GTTGATACGATG DIO14 EOS 1/28/11 92,200 RYT161 CGCCACGTGTAT DIO18 EOS 1/28/11 123,689 RYT162 CTGTGATCGGAT DIO302 EOS 1/28/11 60,572

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RYT163 CTAGGATCACTG NC319 EOS 1/28/11 95,963 RYT164 TCACGGTGACAT NC320 EOS 6/13/11 126,047 RYT165 GTAGCACTCATG NC321 EOS 6/13/11 58,142 RYT167 CAGCTTCGACTG NCRYGB125 EOS 6/13/11 121,096 RYT166 ACGCAATGTCTG NCRYGB87 EOS 6/13/11 64,538 *Abbreviations: EOS (endpoint sampling), NC (normal chow), DIO (high fat diet)

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Table S4: Taxonomic groups with differential relative abundance between treatments. 1

Taxonomic group Association LDA score

p__Bacteroidetes RYGB 2.65

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia RYGB 2.65

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales RYGB 2.65

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Rikenellaceae RYGB 2.10

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Rikenellaceae.g__Alistipes RYGB 2.10

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Rikenellaceae.g__Alistipes.s__Alistipesfinegoldii RYGB 2.10

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Rikenellaceae.g__Alistipes.s__Alistipesfinegoldii.109956 RYGB 2.10

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Clostridiaceae RYGB 2.42

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Clostridiaceae.g__Clostridium RYGB 2.42

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Clostridiaceae.g__Clostridium.s__Clostridiumperfringens RYGB 2.34

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Clostridiaceae.g__Clostridium.s__Clostridiumperfringens.46789 RYGB 2.34

p__Proteobacteria RYGB 2.37

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria RYGB 2.34

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales RYGB 2.34

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae RYGB 2.34

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae.g__Escherichia RYGB 2.13

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae.g__Escherichia.s__ RYGB 2.13

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae.g__Escherichia.s__.169182 RYGB 2.13

p__Verrucomicrobia RYGB 2.27

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae RYGB 2.27

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae.o__Verrucomicrobiales RYGB 2.27

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae.o__Verrucomicrobiales.f__Verrucomicrobiaceae RYGB 2.27

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae.o__Verrucomicrobiales.f__Verrucomicrobiaceae.g__Akkermansia RYGB 2.27

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae.o__Verrucomicrobiales.f__Verrucomicrobiaceae.g__Akkermansia.s__ RYGB 2.27

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae.o__Verrucomicrobiales.f__Verrucomicrobiaceae.g__Akkermansia.s__.178399 RYGB 2.27

p__Firmicutes SHAM 2.77

p__Firmicutes.c__Bacilli SHAM 2.22

p__Firmicutes.c__Bacilli.o__Lactobacillales SHAM 2.22

p__Firmicutes.c__Bacilli.o__Lactobacillales.f__Lactobacillaceae SHAM 2.17

p__Firmicutes.c__Bacilli.o__Lactobacillales.f__Lactobacillaceae.g__Lactobacillus SHAM 2.17

p__Tenericutes SHAM 2.42

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi SHAM 2.42

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi.o__Erysipelotrichales SHAM 2.42

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi.o__Erysipelotrichales.f__Erysipelotrichaceae SHAM 2.42

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi.o__Erysipelotrichales.f__Erysipelotrichaceae.g__Allobaculum SHAM 2.41

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi.o__Erysipelotrichales.f__Erysipelotrichaceae.g__Allobaculum.s__AllobaculumspID4 SHAM 2.13

20

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi.o__Erysipelotrichales.f__Erysipelotrichaceae.g__Allobaculum.s__AllobaculumspID4.115098 SHAM 2.09

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__ WMS 2.54

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__.g__ WMS 2.54

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__.g__.s__ WMS 2.54

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__.g__.s__.442151 WMS 2.31

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia WMS 2.69

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales WMS 2.69

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Lachnospiraceae WMS 2.44

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Lachnospiraceae.g__ WMS 2.42

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Lachnospiraceae.g__.s__ WMS 2.42

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Lachnospiraceae.g__.s__.190063 WMS 2.01

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Ruminococcaceae WMS 2.45

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Ruminococcaceae.g__ WMS 2.40

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Ruminococcaceae.g__.s__ WMS 2.40 1

2

21

Table S5. 16S rRNA gene sequencing metadata from intestinal axis sampling. 1

Sample Barcode Mouse Sample type

Organ Location Treatment Collection Date

Sequences

RYIA98 GATAACTGTACG DIO13 A Stomach Lumen DIO 1/17/11 111,924

RYIA228 GAGTGCTCTAAC DIO13 B1 BP limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 84,519

RYIA105 TTCTAGAGTGCG DIO13 B2 BP limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 14,214

RYIA100 AAGAGTCTCTAG DIO13 C1 Roux limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 112,957

RYIA106 CAGTCTAGTACG DIO13 C2 Roux limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 13,239

RYIA101 AGACAGTAGGAG DIO13 D1 Common limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 113,212

RYIA107 CCTGATCACACG DIO13 D2 Common limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 25,208

RYIA102 TAAGTACTGCAG DIO13 E1 Ileum Lumen DIO 1/17/11 121,761

RYIA108 GATGTTCGCTAG DIO13 E2 Ileum Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 93,734

RYIA103 TCACAGACAATG DIO13 F1 Cecum Lumen DIO 1/17/11 31,542

RYIA109 CGTACTCTCGAG DIO13 F2 Cecum Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 56,737

RYIA104 ACACATAAGTCG DIO13 G1 Colon Lumen DIO 1/17/11 17,490

RYIA110 TCTTCGCAGCAG DIO13 G2 Colon Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 103,076

RYIA235 ATCCGCAGTCAC DIO14 A Stomach Lumen DIO 1/17/11 60,530

RYIA112 GAAGATCTATCG DIO14 B1 BP limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 35,055

RYIA118 ACAATGTCACAG DIO14 B2 BP limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 42,600

RYIA113 TGCGTTCTAGCG DIO14 C1 Roux limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 59,706

RYIA119 GATCACGAGAGG DIO14 C2 Roux limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 41,994

RYIA120 CGATGAATATCG DIO14 D2 Common limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 45,797

RYIA115 GCTTAGATGTAG DIO14 E1 Ileum Lumen DIO 1/17/11 25,705

RYIA121 TCTCGATAAGCG DIO14 E2 Ileum Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 74,839

RYIA116 CATCAAGCATAG DIO14 F1 Cecum Lumen DIO 1/17/11 69,801

RYIA122 GAGAGATCGACG DIO14 F2 Cecum Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 45,576

RYIA218 CTCGTGAATGAC DIO14 G1 Colon Lumen DIO 1/17/11 105,841

RYIA123 AGAGACGCGTAG DIO14 G2 Colon Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 93,626

RYIA124 ACATGCACATGC DIO301 A Stomach Lumen DIO 1/17/11 113,239

RYIA125 TACTCTCTTAGC DIO301 B1 BP limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 128,468

RYIA131 TCTAACGAGTGC DIO301 B2 BP limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 146,353

RYIA126 TATCGACACAAG DIO301 C1 Roux limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 62,464

RYIA219 AGCGACGAAGAC DIO301 C2 Roux limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 40,747

RYIA127 ATCGTAGTGGTC DIO301 D1 Common limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 147,867

RYIA133 CTGGCATCTAGC DIO301 D2 Common limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 80,677

RYIA128 TAAGATGCAGTC DIO301 E1 Ileum Lumen DIO 1/17/11 84,802

RYIA134 CTCATCATGTTC DIO301 E2 Ileum Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 111,239

RYIA130 ATCTGGACGATC DIO301 G1 Colon Lumen DIO 1/17/11 181,381

RYIA135 CATAGCTCGGTC DIO301 G2 Colon Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 121,445

RYIA136 TGCATGACAGTC DIO302 A Stomach Lumen DIO 1/17/11 104,607

22

RYIA137 GGCTGCATACTC DIO302 B1 BP limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 68,472

RYIA229 CTACTAGCGGTA DIO302 B2 BP limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 81,345

RYIA138 CTCGGATAGATC DIO302 C1 Roux limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 245,412

RYIA144 CACACTGAAGTC DIO302 C2 Roux limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 211,290

RYIA139 ACGTCTCAGTGC DIO302 D1 Common limb Lumen DIO 1/17/11 311,085

RYIA145 AGACTCAGACTC DIO302 D2 Common limb Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 36,831

RYIA140 ACTATCAGTGGC DIO302 E1 Ileum Lumen DIO 1/17/11 297,627

RYIA146 GCCTATGAGATC DIO302 E2 Ileum Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 234,417

RYIA220 ATGCTGCAACAC DIO302 F1 Cecum Lumen DIO 1/17/11 15,253

RYIA147 TCAACGTGCTGC DIO302 F2 Cecum Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 159,937

RYIA142 GAGATACAGTTC DIO302 G1 Colon Lumen DIO 1/17/11 123,370

RYIA148 TACGACTCTGGC DIO302 G2 Colon Mucosa DIO 1/17/11 148,914

RYIA149 TGATCACTCTTC NC319 A Stomach Lumen NC 6/22/11 121,963

RYIA150 CGCGATATCGTC NC319 B1 BP limb Lumen NC 6/22/11 102,317

RYIA156 ATGTCGAATAGC NC319 B2 BP limb Mucosa NC 6/22/11 64,956

RYIA151 TCACGTATTCTC NC319 C1 Roux limb Lumen NC 6/22/11 122,534

RYIA157 GACAGTAGCTTC NC319 C2 Roux limb Mucosa NC 6/22/11 173,363

RYIA152 TTGTACTCACTC NC319 D1 Common limb Lumen NC 6/22/11 89,727

RYIA158 AGCTACTGCGTC NC319 D2 Common limb Mucosa NC 6/22/11 67,395

RYIA153 GTACTGAAGATC NC319 E1 Ileum Lumen NC 6/22/11 32,778

RYIA159 GCAAGCTGTCTC NC319 E2 Ileum Mucosa NC 6/22/11 50,272

RYIA154 ATACTCGGCTGC NC319 F1 Cecum Lumen NC 6/22/11 110,760

RYIA160 TCTCTACCACTC NC319 F2 Cecum Mucosa NC 6/22/11 78,747

RYIA155 TGTAGTATAGGC NC319 G1 Colon Lumen NC 6/22/11 50,691

RYIA161 TCGGCGATCATC NC319 G2 Colon Mucosa NC 6/22/11 174,743

RYIA162 TATCTATCCTGC NC320 A Stomach Lumen NC 6/22/11 81,457

RYIA163 TACACAAGTCGC NC320 B1 BP limb Lumen NC 6/22/11 117,524

RYIA169 GCGTCATGCATC NC320 B2 BP limb Mucosa NC 6/22/11 106,127

RYIA164 TCTGCACTGAGC NC320 C1 Roux limb Lumen NC 6/22/11 193,299

RYIA165 ATGCGAGACTTC NC320 D1 Common limb Lumen NC 6/22/11 145,808

RYIA166 TGAACTAGCGTC NC320 E1 Ileum Lumen NC 6/22/11 122,251

RYIA172 GAAGTAGCGAGC NC320 E2 Ileum Mucosa NC 6/22/11 73,447

RYIA167 GATCATTCTCTC NC320 F1 Cecum Lumen NC 6/22/11 64,921

RYIA173 CACTCATCATTC NC320 F2 Cecum Mucosa NC 6/22/11 115,285

RYIA168 TCAGGACGTATC NC320 G1 Colon Lumen NC 6/22/11 103,273

RYIA174 CTGTGCAACGTC NC320 G2 Colon Mucosa NC 6/22/11 97,616

RYIA175 CGTAGAGCTCTC NC321 A Stomach Lumen NC 6/22/11 97,717

RYIA177 TGACACGACATC NC321 C1 Roux limb Lumen NC 6/22/11 98,247

RYIA178 CAGTGATACTGC NC321 D1 Common limb Lumen NC 6/22/11 127,815

RYIA179 GCGATATATCGC NC321 E1 Ileum Lumen NC 6/22/11 143,766

RYIA187 AGTCACATCCGC NC321 G2 Colon Mucosa NC 6/22/11 144,644

23

RYIA230 CCACTCTCTCTA NC320 C2 Roux limb Mucosa NC 6/22/11 62,879

RYIA231 TACGCAGCACTA NC320 D2 Common limb Mucosa NC 6/22/11 100,112

RYIA225 AACTCGCGCTAC NC321 B1 BP limb Lumen NC 6/22/11 65,340

RYIA236 CTATACGCGAAC NC321 B2 BP limb Mucosa NC 6/22/11 67,947

RYIA237 GTGGTCATCGTA NC321 C2 Roux limb Mucosa NC 6/22/11 51,360

RYIA238 TCCTGCTATCTA NC321 E2 Ileum Mucosa NC 6/22/11 121,344

RYIA221 TGTGGTGATGTA NC321 F1 Cecum Lumen NC 6/22/11 74,361

RYIA239 TGAAGCACACTA NC321 F2 Cecum Mucosa NC 6/22/11 66,982

RYIA222 GAGTACAGTCTA NC321 G1 Colon Lumen NC 6/22/11 78,165

RYIA202 GCTGTCGTCAAC NCRYGB125 A1 Stomach remnant

Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 59,732

RYIA209 CGGCACTATCAC NCRYGB125 A2 Stomach pouch

Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 32,948

RYIA203 TCTCAGCGCGTA NCRYGB125 B1 BP limb Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 124,679

RYIA210 CGAGTATACAAC NCRYGB125 B2 BP limb Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 36,527

RYIA211 AGACATACCGTA NCRYGB125 C2 Roux limb Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 49,376

RYIA205 GTCCTACACAGC NCRYGB125 D1 Common limb Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 55,995

RYIA212 ATAGGTGTGCTA NCRYGB125 D2 Common limb Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 63,225

RYIA206 TACGCTACGACC NCRYGB125 E1 Ileum Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 49,605

RYIA213 CTCGATGTAAGC NCRYGB125 E2 Ileum Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 50,476

RYIA207 CTGCGGATATAC NCRYGB125 F1 Cecum Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 61,571

RYIA226 CTAGCTATGGAC NCRYGB125 F2 Cecum Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 79,126

RYIA208 TCTGGCTACGAC NCRYGB125 G1 Colon Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 45,087

RYIA215 TCGCATGGATAC NCRYGB125 G2 Colon Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 49,447

RYIA232 GCTGCGTATACC NCRYGB87 A1 Stomach remnant

Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 71,587

RYIA195 ACAGTTGTACGC NCRYGB87 A2 Stomach pouch

Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 45,287

RYIA189 GTCAACGCTGTC NCRYGB87 B1 BP limb Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 81,957

RYIA196 TCAGATACCAGC NCRYGB87 B2 BP limb Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 29,336

RYIA190 GCTGGTCTAGTC NCRYGB87 C1 Roux limb Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 387,690

RYIA198 CTGTCAGTGACC NCRYGB87 D2 Common limb Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 39,202

RYIA192 CAGCCGCATATC NCRYGB87 E1 Ileum Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 197,722

RYIA199 GCTAGACACTAC NCRYGB87 E2 Ileum Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 55,535

RYIA193 AGAGTGCTAATC NCRYGB87 F1 Cecum Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 115,498

RYIA200 GAAGACAGCGAC NCRYGB87 F2 Cecum Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 41,848

RYIA194 CGGCTACTATGC NCRYGB87 G1 Colon Lumen NC_RYGB 6/22/11 394,773

RYIA201 TAGCGACCTCAC NCRYGB87 G2 Colon Mucosa NC_RYGB 6/22/11 31,688

RYIA1 TGTGTAGCCATG RYGB10 A1 Stomach remnant

Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 129,267

RYIA8 CTGTCGTGTCAG RYGB10 A2 Stomach pouch

Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 111,768

RYIA2 CAGCAGTCTTCG RYGB10 B1 BP limb Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 58,309

RYIA9 GAGCATTACATG RYGB10 B2 BP limb Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 114,618

24

RYIA3 AACACTCGATCG RYGB10 C1 Roux limb Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 96,985

RYIA10 AGTGTCGATTCG RYGB10 C2 Roux limb Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 81,298

RYIA4 ATAGACACTCCG RYGB10 D1 Common limb Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 89,987

RYIA11 TCTGGTGCATCG RYGB10 D2 Common limb Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 46,653

RYIA5 GACATTGTCACG RYGB10 E1 Ileum Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 91,979

RYIA12 TGTACATCGCCG RYGB10 E2 Ileum Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 27,359

RYIA6 CACCTGTAGTAG RYGB10 F1 Cecum Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 94,312

RYIA13 GGAGAGATCACG RYGB10 F2 Cecum Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 83,500

RYIA7 CTGCATACTGAG RYGB10 G1 Colon Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 105,185

RYIA14 CGATATCAGTAG RYGB10 G2 Colon Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 105,183

RYIA15 ACGATCATCTGG RYGB17 A1 Stomach remnant

Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 96,113

RYIA22 CTATGAGTCCAG RYGB17 A2 Stomach pouch

Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 56,759

RYIA16 GCGTAACTCTCG RYGB17 B1 BP limb Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 117,500

RYIA23 TGCATACACTGG RYGB17 B2 BP limb Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 73,025

RYIA17 AGTCTGTCTGCG RYGB17 C1 Roux limb Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 34,493

RYIA24 ATGTGCTGCTCG RYGB17 C2 Roux limb Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 40,919

RYIA18 GCACGTTCTACG RYGB17 D1 Common limb Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 59,750

RYIA25 TATACCGCTGCG RYGB17 D2 Common limb Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 62,022

RYIA19 GCTCTAGTAACG RYGB17 E1 Ileum Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 33,926

RYIA26 TTCGCAGATACG RYGB17 E2 Ileum Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 27,892

RYIA20 CTAGTGACCTAG RYGB17 F1 Cecum Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 16,114

RYIA27 GTGTACATAACG RYGB17 F2 Cecum Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 53,125

RYIA21 GATCTAATCGAG RYGB17 G1 Colon Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 49,806

RYIA28 TCAGCTGACTAG RYGB17 G2 Colon Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 25,402

RYIA29 TATATGTGCGAG RYGB24 A1 Stomach remnant

Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 48,221

RYIA36 ACACGACTATAG RYGB24 A2 Stomach pouch

Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 39,147

RYIA30 GTCATGCTCCAG RYGB24 B1 BP limb Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 64,325

RYIA37 CTACTCCACGAG RYGB24 B2 BP limb Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 65,013

RYIA31 AGCTATGTATGG RYGB24 C1 Roux limb Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 65,977

RYIA38 TCATACAGCCAG RYGB24 C2 Roux limb Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 68,275

RYIA32 TACTGAGCCTCG RYGB24 D1 Common limb Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 75,983

RYIA39 CATCTCAGTCGG RYGB24 D2 Common limb Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 36,850

RYIA33 GATCCTCATGCG RYGB24 E1 Ileum Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 39,943

RYIA40 CAACTAGACTCG RYGB24 E2 Ileum Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 34,928

RYIA34 ATACAGCATACG RYGB24 F1 Cecum Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 51,713

RYIA41 ACTGCTATCGCG RYGB24 F2 Cecum Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 67,370

RYIA35 TCTATGCGAACG RYGB24 G1 Colon Lumen RYGB 1/17/11 41,943

RYIA42 ACATCGTTGACG RYGB24 G2 Colon Mucosa RYGB 1/17/11 48,075

RYIA43 TGAGTCATTGAG RYGB46 A1 Stomach Lumen RYGB 6/16/11 100,687

25

remnant

RYIA50 CATCTTCTGATC RYGB46 A2 Stomach pouch

Lumen RYGB 6/16/11 51,645

RYIA44 ACTAGCGTTCAG RYGB46 B1 BP limb Lumen RYGB 6/16/11 31,924

RYIA45 ATCGATCCACAG RYGB46 C1 Roux limb Lumen RYGB 6/16/11 128,791

RYIA52 GAGACTATATGC RYGB46 C2 Roux limb Mucosa RYGB 6/16/11 84,894

RYIA223 ACTAGACGACTA RYGB46 D1 Common limb Lumen RYGB 6/16/11 105,003

RYIA53 ATCAAGATACGC RYGB46 D2 Common limb Mucosa RYGB 6/16/11 52,144

RYIA47 CTATCTCCTGTC RYGB46 E1 Ileum Lumen RYGB 6/16/11 113,195

RYIA54 TGATGTGCTAAG RYGB46 E2 Ileum Mucosa RYGB 6/16/11 96,625

RYIA48 ATTGAGTGAGTC RYGB46 F1 Cecum Lumen RYGB 6/16/11 46,879

RYIA49 TAGAGAATGCTC RYGB46 G1 Colon Lumen RYGB 6/16/11 79,752

RYIA55 GCAGTAACTGTC RYGB46 G2 Colon Mucosa RYGB 6/16/11 118,510

RYIA56 TTGACACACGAC RYGB47 A1 Stomach remnant

Lumen RYGB 6/22/11 48,126

RYIA227 ACATCAGGTCAC RYGB47 B1 BP limb Lumen RYGB 6/22/11 39,500

RYIA58 CAGCGACTGTTA RYGB47 C1 Roux limb Lumen RYGB 6/22/11 71,988

RYIA59 CACGTACACGTA RYGB47 D1 Common limb Lumen RYGB 6/22/11 108,655

RYIA216 CATCAGTACGCC RYGB47 E1 Ileum Lumen RYGB 6/22/11 89,904

RYIA61 ACTGTACATGAG SHAM26 A Stomach Lumen SHAM 3/18/11 20,174

RYIA62 CGCGTATCTCAG SHAM26 B1 BP limb Lumen SHAM 3/18/11 53,662

RYIA68 AGTGCGTTCTAG SHAM26 B2 BP limb Mucosa SHAM 3/18/11 40,127

RYIA63 CGGAGAGACATG SHAM26 C1 Roux limb Lumen SHAM 3/18/11 76,265

RYIA69 TCTCATGTGGAG SHAM26 C2 Roux limb Mucosa SHAM 3/18/11 50,889

RYIA64 TGTCAGCTGTCG SHAM26 D1 Common limb Lumen SHAM 3/18/11 129,769

RYIA70 GACTCTGCTCAG SHAM26 D2 Common limb Mucosa SHAM 3/18/11 36,133

RYIA65 TTGACGACATCG SHAM26 E1 Ileum Lumen SHAM 3/18/11 44,066

RYIA71 AGTCATCGAATG SHAM26 E2 Ileum Mucosa SHAM 3/18/11 74,149

RYIA66 AGTAGACTTACG SHAM26 F1 Cecum Lumen SHAM 3/18/11 30,122

RYIA72 AATAGCATGTCG SHAM26 F2 Cecum Mucosa SHAM 3/18/11 83,270

RYIA67 TGATAATGCACG SHAM26 G1 Colon Lumen SHAM 3/18/11 24,534

RYIA73 ATAACATGTGCG SHAM26 G2 Colon Mucosa SHAM 3/18/11 80,715

RYIA74 TGACTGCGTTAG SHAM35 A Stomach Lumen SHAM 1/17/11 61,813

RYIA75 GTACACTGATAG SHAM35 B1 BP limb Lumen SHAM 1/17/11 84,877

RYIA233 TGCGTCAGCTAC SHAM35 B2 BP limb Mucosa SHAM 1/17/11 103,195

RYIA76 ACAGGTAGAGAG SHAM35 C1 Roux limb Lumen SHAM 1/17/11 60,552

RYIA234 AGAGGAGTCGAC SHAM35 C2 Roux limb Mucosa SHAM 1/17/11 93,662

RYIA77 CATACGATACAG SHAM35 D1 Common limb Lumen SHAM 1/17/11 83,667

RYIA82 GTGCTTGTGTAG SHAM35 D2 Common limb Mucosa SHAM 1/17/11 113,215

RYIA78 ATCTGACATCGG SHAM35 E1 Ileum Lumen SHAM 1/17/11 67,047

RYIA83 CTCGCTAGATAG SHAM35 E2 Ileum Mucosa SHAM 1/17/11 29,901

RYIA84 TAGACTTCAGAG SHAM35 F2 Cecum Mucosa SHAM 1/17/11 71,140

26

RYIA217 AGACGTTGCTAC SHAM35 G1 Colon Lumen SHAM 1/17/11 42,490

RYIA85 TAGGAGAGACAG SHAM35 G2 Colon Mucosa SHAM 1/17/11 23,505

RYIA86 ACGATTCGAGTC SHAM49 A Stomach Lumen SHAM 6/16/11 138,258

RYIA224 GATGTCATAGCC SHAM49 B1 BP limb Lumen SHAM 6/16/11 51,680

RYIA93 ATAGCCGATGTC SHAM49 B2 BP limb Mucosa SHAM 6/16/11 66,466

RYIA88 TAGTGTCGGATC SHAM49 C1 Roux limb Lumen SHAM 6/16/11 100,589

RYIA94 AGATGATCAGTC SHAM49 C2 Roux limb Mucosa SHAM 6/16/11 55,866

RYIA89 TGCTCGATGTGC SHAM49 D1 Common limb Lumen SHAM 6/16/11 91,394

RYIA90 TGTTGACGATGC SHAM49 E1 Ileum Lumen SHAM 6/16/11 104,872

RYIA96 ACACCTGCGATC SHAM49 E2 Ileum Mucosa SHAM 6/16/11 106,801

RYIA91 TGTGTGTAACGC SHAM49 F1 Cecum Lumen SHAM 6/16/11 78,530

RYIA92 ATACGCATCAAG SHAM49 G1 Colon Lumen SHAM 6/16/11 84,196

RYIA97 GTGTTGTCGTGC SHAM49 G2 Colon Mucosa SHAM 6/16/11 118,323

1

2

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Table S6. 16S rRNA gene sequencing metadata from fecal transplants.

Sample Barcode Mouse Timepoint Donor Collection

Date Sequences RYTR169 ATCTACCGAAGC 61R2 1 RYGB 10/5/11 59,021 RYTR170 CACTCATCATTC 61R3 1 RYGB 10/5/11 102,661 RYTR106 TAAAGACCCGTA 61R4 1 RYGB 10/5/11 31,246 RYTR107 GGCATGTTATCG 61R5 1 RYGB 10/5/11 21,403 RYTR19 TGGAAGAACGGC A251 1 RYGB 2/16/11 45,519 RYTR23 GGCCTATAAGTC A252 1 RYGB 2/16/11 58,227 RYTR31 TCCATTTCATGC A254 1 RYGB 2/16/11 31,968 RYTR35 TTGGATTGAACG A255 1 RYGB 2/16/11 52,207 RYTR44 CCTCGATGCAGT A461 1 RYGB 6/17/11 40,933 RYTR50 ACCGGAGTAGGA A462 1 RYGB 6/17/11 57,203 RYTR68 CGGCCTAAGTTC A465 1 RYGB 6/17/11 48,237 RYTR20 GTCCGCAAGTTA A251 2 RYGB 2/17/11 64,725 RYTR24 CGACATTTCTCT A252 2 RYGB 2/17/11 62,948 RYTR45 ACGCACATACAA A461 2 RYGB 6/18/11 47,329 RYTR51 AACAAACTGCCA A462 2 RYGB 6/18/11 12,269 RYTR57 TTACCGACGAGT A463 2 RYGB 6/18/11 16,733 RYTR69 TAGCGCGAACTT A465 2 RYGB 6/18/11 42,217 RYTR114 TGTATCTTCACC 61R1 3 RYGB 10/6/11 46,349 RYTR117 AAGGGCGCTGAA 61R4 3 RYGB 10/6/11 30,478 RYTR174 TTAACCTTCCTG 61R5 3 RYGB 10/6/11 62,966 RYTR46 TACGCAGCACTA A461 3 RYGB 6/18/11 18,826 RYTR52 GCGGACTATTCA A462 3 RYGB 6/18/11 86,036 RYTR58 TGAGGACTACCT A463 3 RYGB 6/18/11 11,527 RYTR64 CCAGTGGATATA A464 3 RYGB 6/18/11 38,527 RYTR70 TCGAGCCGATCT A465 3 RYGB 6/18/11 34,267 RYTR125 GTTTCCGTGGTG 61R1 7 RYGB 10/11/11 67,645 RYTR176 TGGTCGCATCGT 61R2 7 RYGB 10/11/11 57,103 RYTR177 ACTTGGTGTAAG 61R3 7 RYGB 10/11/11 89,759 RYTR178 GTATTTCGGACG 61R4 7 RYGB 10/11/11 90,395 RYTR179 GACATTGTCACG 61R5 7 RYGB 10/11/11 89,547 RYTR21 TTGCACCGTCGA A251 7 RYGB 2/22/11 52,499 RYTR25 GCACATAGTCGT A252 7 RYGB 2/22/11 53,471 RYTR29 TGCTACAGACGT A253 7 RYGB 2/22/11 50,741 RYTR33 GGCAAATACACT A254 7 RYGB 2/22/11 41,395 RYTR37 ATGGCCTGACTA A255 7 RYGB 2/22/11 65,729 RYTR47 GTTTCACGCGAA A461 7 RYGB 6/23/11 25,437 RYTR53 TGAGTGGTCTGT A462 7 RYGB 6/23/11 57,378 RYTR59 GTAGACATGTGT A463 7 RYGB 6/23/11 37,099

28

RYTR65 GCTTAGATGTAG A464 7 RYGB 6/23/11 20,722 RYTR71 AACTGTTCGCGC A465 7 RYGB 6/23/11 71,770 RYTR185 TCTTGGAGGTCA 61R1 13 RYGB 10/17/11 26,234 RYTR186 TATCTATCCTGC 61R2 13 RYGB 10/17/11 24,131 RYTR187 GCCAACAACCAT 61R3 13 RYGB 10/17/11 61,836 RYTR188 GCATAGCATCAA 61R4 13 RYGB 10/17/11 61,456 RYTR189 CGTACTCTCGAG 61R5 13 RYGB 10/17/11 67,116 RYTR22 CGCCGGTAATCT A251 13 RYGB 2/29/11 33,936 RYTR30 CCGATGCCTTGA A253 13 RYGB 2/29/11 41,123 RYTR34 CTAGGATCACTG A254 13 RYGB 2/29/11 23,490 RYTR48 CACGCTATTGGA A461 13 RYGB 6/29/11 29,786 RYTR54 CGCTTAGTGCTG A462 13 RYGB 6/29/11 44,208 RYTR60 CGTGCACAATTG A463 13 RYGB 6/29/11 16,138 RYTR66 CAATCGGCTTGC A464 13 RYGB 6/29/11 24,468 RYTR72 TGTGTGTAACGC A465 13 RYGB 6/29/11 39,394 RYTR108 TGTACATCGCCG 67S1 1 SHAM 10/5/11 73,311 RYTR171 ATGCCATGCCGT 67S2 1 SHAM 10/5/11 84,869 RYTR172 GGTTATTTGGCG 67S5 1 SHAM 10/5/11 113,631 RYTR173 ACGGGTCATCAT 67S6 1 SHAM 10/5/11 114,751 RYTR119 GCATTACTGGAC 67S1 3 SHAM 10/6/11 57,206 RYTR175 TAATCGGTGCCA 67S2 3 SHAM 10/6/11 95,538 RYTR121 GATCCTCATGCG 67S3 3 SHAM 10/6/11 58,701 RYTR122 GACTGACTCGTC 67S4 3 SHAM 10/6/11 35,132 RYTR123 CTACTTACATCC 67S5 3 SHAM 10/6/11 80,291 RYTR124 ACGGCGTTATGT 67S6 3 SHAM 10/6/11 68,916 RYTR180 GGATCGTAATAC 67S1 7 SHAM 10/11/11 83,586 RYTR132 ACTTTGCTTTGC 67S3 7 SHAM 10/11/11 86,786 RYTR133 AGGAACCAGACG 67S4 7 SHAM 10/11/11 84,746 RYTR182 TGCCGTATGCCA 67S4 7 SHAM 10/11/11 81,009 RYTR183 TTGATCCGGTAG 67S5 7 SHAM 10/11/11 86,158 RYTR184 TGTAAGACTTGG 67S6 7 SHAM 10/11/11 88,342 RYTR190 CGTGACAATAGT 67S1 13 SHAM 10/17/11 105,540 RYTR191 CGGGTGTTTGCT 67S2 13 SHAM 10/17/11 73,631 RYTR147 ACCAATCTCGGC 67S3 13 SHAM 10/17/11 100,005 RYTR148 CGAAACTACGTA 67S4 13 SHAM 10/17/11 91,194 RYTR192 CGGATCTAGTGT 67S5 13 SHAM 10/17/11 84,122 RYTR150 TTATGGTACGGA 67S6 13 SHAM 10/17/11 88,189 RYTR1 GGAATTATCGGT A391 1 WMS 2/16/11 51,781 RYTR5 AACTCCTGTGGA A392 1 WMS 2/16/11 24,318 RYTR9 CATCAAGCATAG A393 1 WMS 2/16/11 18,196 RYTR13 TAATGGTCGTAG A394 1 WMS 2/16/11 34,566

29

RYTR17 CATCGCGTTGAC A395 1 WMS 2/16/11 49,102 RYTR2 CTCTCTCACTTG A391 2 WMS 2/17/11 25,553 RYTR6 CCACCCAGTAAC A392 2 WMS 2/17/11 51,236 RYTR10 ATTGCAAGCAAC A393 2 WMS 2/17/11 40,217 RYTR14 ATATCGCGATGA A394 2 WMS 2/17/11 62,162 RYTR18 CACGTGACATGT A395 2 WMS 2/17/11 24,667 RYTR3 AGCGACGAAGAC A391 7 WMS 2/22/11 36,848 RYTR7 CCTGCTTCCTTC A392 7 WMS 2/22/11 22,981 RYTR11 CTTCCCTAACTC A393 7 WMS 2/22/11 20,597 RYTR4 CTTCGACTTTCC A391 13 WMS 2/29/11 29,305 RYTR12 GTCATAAGAACC A393 13 WMS 2/29/11 28,009 RYTR16 GTCACATCACGA A394 13 WMS 2/29/11 47,240

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Table S7: Taxonomic groups with relative abundance between transplant recipients. 1

Taxonomic group Association LDA score

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__ RYGB 2.87

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__.g__ RYGB 2.87

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__.g__.s__ RYGB 2.87

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Rikenellaceae RYGB 2.39

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Rikenellaceae.g__Alistipes RYGB 2.39

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Rikenellaceae.g__Alistipes.s__Alistipesfinegoldii RYGB 2.42

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Rikenellaceae.g__Alistipes.s__Alistipesfinegoldii.109956 RYGB 2.42

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Clostridiaceae RYGB 2.23

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Clostridiaceae.g__Clostridium RYGB 2.22

p__Proteobacteria RYGB 2.74

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria RYGB 2.74

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales RYGB 2.67

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae RYGB 2.67

p__Verrucomicrobia RYGB 3.03

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae RYGB 3.03

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae.o__Verrucomicrobiales RYGB 3.03

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae.o__Verrucomicrobiales.f__Verrucomicrobiaceae RYGB 3.03

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae.o__Verrucomicrobiales.f__Verrucomicrobiaceae.g__Akkermansia RYGB 3.03

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae.o__Verrucomicrobiales.f__Verrucomicrobiaceae.g__Akkermansia.s__ RYGB 3.03

p__Verrucomicrobia.c__Verrucomicrobiae.o__Verrucomicrobiales.f__Verrucomicrobiaceae.g__Akkermansia.s__.178399 RYGB 3.03

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__.g__.s__.234036 SHAM 3.04

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Porphyromonadaceae SHAM 2.98

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Porphyromonadaceae.g__Parabacteroides SHAM 2.98

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Porphyromonadaceae.g__Parabacteroides.s__ SHAM 2.98

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Porphyromonadaceae.g__Parabacteroides.s__.249661 SHAM 2.98

p__Firmicutes SHAM 3.11

p__Firmicutes.c__Bacilli SHAM 2.73

p__Firmicutes.c__Bacilli.o__Lactobacillales SHAM 2.73

p__Firmicutes.c__Bacilli.o__Lactobacillales.f__Lactobacillaceae SHAM 2.25

p__Firmicutes.c__Bacilli.o__Lactobacillales.f__Lactobacillaceae.g__Lactobacillus SHAM 2.25

p__Firmicutes.c__Bacilli.o__Lactobacillales.f__Lactobacillaceae.g__Lactobacillus.s__ SHAM 2.25

p__Firmicutes.c__Bacilli.o__Lactobacillales.f__Lactobacillaceae.g__Lactobacillus.s__.323257 SHAM 2.25

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia SHAM 2.91

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales SHAM 2.91

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Lachnospiraceae SHAM 2.85

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Lachnospiraceae.g__ SHAM 2.83

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Lachnospiraceae.g__.s__ SHAM 2.83

31

p__Firmicutes.c__Clostridia.o__Clostridiales.f__Lachnospiraceae.g__.s__.136452 SHAM 2.85

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae.g__Erwinia SHAM 2.39

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae.g__Erwinia.s__ SHAM 2.39

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae.g__Erwinia.s__.9822 SHAM 2.39

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__.g__.s__.183770 WMS 2.49

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__.g__.s__.206324 WMS 2.03

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__.g__.s__.442151 WMS 2.65

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Bacteroidaceae WMS 3.23

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Bacteroidaceae.g__Bacteroides WMS 3.23

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Bacteroidaceae.g__Bacteroides.s__ WMS 3.23

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Bacteroidaceae.g__Bacteroides.s__.348374 WMS 3.19

p__Bacteroidetes.c__Bacteroidia.o__Bacteroidales.f__Bacteroidaceae.g__Bacteroides.s__.86458 WMS 2.26

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae.g__Escherichia WMS 2.68

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae.g__Escherichia.s__ WMS 2.68

p__Proteobacteria.c__Gammaproteobacteria.o__Enterobacteriales.f__Enterobacteriaceae.g__Escherichia.s__.169182 WMS 2.68

p__Tenericutes WMS 2.26

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi WMS 2.26

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi.o__Erysipelotrichales WMS 2.26

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi.o__Erysipelotrichales.f__Erysipelotrichaceae WMS 2.26

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi.o__Erysipelotrichales.f__Erysipelotrichaceae.g__Allobaculum WMS 2.28

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi.o__Erysipelotrichales.f__Erysipelotrichaceae.g__Allobaculum.s__ WMS 2.28

p__Tenericutes.c__Erysipelotrichi.o__Erysipelotrichales.f__Erysipelotrichaceae.g__Allobaculum.s__.227728 WMS 2.28

1