Suport Curs Engleza Comunicativa

8/6/2019 Suport Curs Engleza Comunicativa

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1.The English alphabet (Aa,Bb,Cc...) + Names

The English alphabet has 26 letters:-

A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h

I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p

Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x

Y y Z z

The alphabet is made up of:

Vowels

A E I O U

and

Consonants

B C D F G H J K

L M N P Q R S T

V W X Y Z

The Rhyming Alphabet may help your pronunciation:-

The following letters rhyme with each other

sound sound e sound sound y sound

A B F I O Q R Z

H C L Y U

J D M W

K E N

G S

P X

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T

V

The Phonetic Alphabet may help you with your spelling:-

When spelling (especially over the phone) use the phonetic alphabet to

avoid confusion.

A Alpha B Bravo

C Charlie D Delta

E Echo F Foxtrot

G Golf H Hotel

I India J Juliet

K Kilo L Lima

M Mike N November

O Oscar P Papa

Q Quebec R Romeo

S Sierra T Tango

U Uniform V Victor

W Whisky X X-Ray

Y Yankee Z Zulu

Names

First

Name/Christian

Name

Middle

Name

o

r

(Middle

Initial)

Last

Name/Surname

Elizabeth Mary M Windsor

John Wesley W Sinclair

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Naturally speaking

When two letters appear next to each other we say "double __"

Follow the dialogue.

o What's your full name please. My first name is Sonja and my last

name Pascalli

o Sorry , what was your last nameagain?

Pascalli.

o I'm sorry I don't understand.Could you repeat that moreslowly please.

Pasc-all-i.

o How do you write that? Could youspell it please?

P-a-s-c-a-double l-i

o And your first name please? Sonja

o Pardon? Sonja - S-o-n-j-a.

o And what is your telephonenumber please?

2-3-8-7-1-8

o Thank you. You're welcome.

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II. GREETINGS

Everyday Greetings

"Good morning."

"Good afternoon."

"Good evening."

"Goodbye."

+ "Good night."

+ "Good night."

Special Greetings

"Happy Christmas." or "Merry Christmas."

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6. Time

Twelve o'clock Six o'clock

One o'clock Seven o'clock

Two o'clock Eight o'clock

Three o'clock Nine o'clock

Four o'clock Ten o'clock

Five o'clock Eleven o'clock

The times of the day:-

Morning Afternoon Evening Night

00.01 - 12.00 12.01 to 18.00 18.01 to 22.00 22.01 - 24.00

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Twelve

o'clock

Twelve

fifteen

or

Quarter

past

twelve

Twelve

thirty

or

Half

past

twelve

Twelve

forty-five

or

Quarter

to one

Naturally speaking

Exactly or about

Exactly About

14.00

It's exactly 2.00pm.

14.28

It's about 2.30pm.

How to ask the time

Excuse me. What time is

it please?

It's exactly eight o'clock.

or

It's eight.

Excuse me. Do you have

the time please?

It's half past twelve.

or

It's twelve thirty.

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Excuse me. Could you

tell me the time please?

It's about half past eleven.

or

It's about eleven thirty.

7. Seasons

In the UK we have four seasons:-

Winter Spring Summer Autumn

December January February March April May June July August September October Novembe

Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

More time expressions

Days of the week

The pastThe

presentThe future

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Last

Monday

The day before

yesterdayYesterday Today Tomorrow

The day after

tomorrow

Next

Sunday

Months of the year

The pastThe

presentThe future

July August September October November December January

Last The month Lastmonth This Next The month after NextJanuary

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July beforelast month month next

Years

The past The present The future

2001 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Three

years ago

The year

beforelast

Last

yearThis year

Next

year

The yearafter

nextIn three years time

Today is .

Yesterday was .

The day before yesterday was .

Tomorrow will be .

The day after tomorrow will be .

This month is .

Last month was .

The month before last was .

Next month will be .


Mr Bean is finding out about his student's birthdays.

Mr Bean: Sam, when is your birthday?

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Student: It is on the 22nd of September.

Mr Bean: Oh, really! But today is the 23rd of September.

Student: Yes.

Mr Bean: That means your birthday was yesterday!

Student: Yes it was.

Mr Bean: Well, happy birthday for yesterday Sam.

Student: Thank you.

Mr Bean: Sally, when is your birthday?

Sally: My birthday is on the 24th of September.

Mr Bean: No.

Sally: Yes. It's my birthday tomorrow!

Mr Bean and Sam: Happy birthday for tomorrow Sally.

Sally: Thank you.

8.People and places + where?

Questions

Who? = People

What? = Things

Where? = Places

CAPITALISATION RULES

Rule For example

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People's names always

start with a CAPITAL

LETTER.

My name isLynne Hand.

Countries always start with

a CAPITAL LETTER.

I come from England.

Cities always start with a

CAPITAL LETTER.

I live in Darmstadt.

Nationalities always start

with a CAPITAL

LETTER.

I am English.

Where is this?

Is this

Germany?

Is England in

Poland?

What is the

capital of

England?

No, this isn't

Germany. This is

England.

No, England isn't in

Poland. England is

in Britain.

The capital of

England is

London.

Is this France?Is Wales in

Germany?

What is the

capital of

Wales?

No, this isn't

France. This is

Wales.

No, Wales isn't in

Germany. Wales is

in Britain.

The capital of

Wales is

Cardiff.

Is this Spain? Is Scotland in

France?

What is the

capital of

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Scotland?

No, this isn't

Spain. This isScotland.

No, Scotland isn't in

France. Scotland isin Britain.

The capital of

Scotland isEdinburgh.

Is this Italy?Is Northern

Ireland in Italy?

What is the

capital of

Northern

Ireland?

No, this isn't

Italy. This is

Northern

Ireland.

No, Northern

Ireland isn't in

Italy. Northern

Ireland is in the

United Kingdom.

The capital of

Northern

Ireland is

Belfast.

Where is this?

Is the United

Kingdom in

America?

Tell me

more.

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This is the

United Kingdom.

No, the United

Kingdom isn't in

America. The

United Kingdom is

in Europe.

England,

Wales and

Scotland are

countries in

Britain.

England,Wales,

Scotland and

Northern

Ireland are

countries in

the United

Kingdom.

London,

Belfast,

Edinburgh and

Cardiff arecapital cities.

London is the

capital of

Britain.

This is England.

Q - Is England a city?

A - No, England isn't a city. Englandis a country.

Q - And London. Is London a city ora country?

A - London is a city, a capital city.London is the capital city of

England.

Q - Is London in Germany?

A - No, London isn't in Germany.London is in England.

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Now you - make up the same dialogue for Scotland, Walesand Northern Ireland.

Q - Is Wales .......... ?

A - No, Wales ........... .

Who is this?/Who are they?

Who is this?What is her

name?

Where does

she come

from?

Where

does she

live?

What

nationality

is she?

It's Ingrid.Her name is

Ingrid Bergman

She comes

from SwedenShe's dead.

She's

Swedish

Who is this?What is his

name?

Where does

he come

from?

Where

does he

live?

What

nationality

is he?

It's Napoleon.

His name is

Napolean

Bonaparte.

He comes from

France.He's dead. He's French.

Who are they?

What are

their names?

Where do

they comefrom?

Where do

they live?

What

nationalityare they?

They're 'The

Beatles'.

Their names

are John

Lennon, Paul

McCartney,

Ringo Starr and

George

Harrison.

They come

from England.

John

Lennon and

George

Harrison

are dead.

Paul lives in

England

and Ringo

lives inMonte

Carlo.

They're

British.

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Note:

Where do you come from?= Where were you born or raised.

Where do you live? = Where do you live now.

For example:

Me: - "I come from England, but I live in Germany."

What to say

Question Short answer Long answer

"What's your name?" "It's Lynne Hand." "My name is Lynne Hand."

"Where do you come from?" "From England." "I come from England."

"Where do you live?" "In Darmstadt." "I live in Darmstadt."

"What nationality are you?" "I'm English." "My nationality is English."

When asked questions about themselves people often give short one-word

answers:-

Question Short one - word answer

"What's your name?" "Lynne Hand."

"Where do you come from?" "England."

"What country do you come from?" "England"

"Where are you from?" "England"

"Where do you live?" "Darmstadt."

"What nationality are you?" "English."

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Naturally Speaking


What's your name please? Mr. Bean.

Do you come from London?

No I come from Derby. Do you live in Derby? No, I live in London.

Are you English? Yes, I am.

Thank you. You're welcome.

9. Present Simple - "I do." vs. Present Continuous - "I am

doing."

! "What do you do?" = What is your job? vs. "What are you doing?" = What are you actually doing rightnow?

For example:

Q - Whatdo youdo?

A - I'm a teacher.

Q - Whatare youdoing?

A - I'm teaching.

The Present Simple vs. Present Continuous - when do we use them?

Things thatare always

true.

Regular andrepeatedactions

(always, often,sometimes,

never).

General factsabout our

lives.

Somethingthat is

happeningnow.

Temporarysituations.

To describechange,

development,progress.

"Waterboils at100 degrees."

"I always boilthe kettlebefore I makethe tea."

-"The kettle isn'tboiling."

-"Is the kettleboiling yet?"

"English is apopularlanguage inbusiness."

"I alwaysspeak Englishin my lessons."

"I likeEnglish."

"I am in mylesson, so I'mspeakingEnglish."

"I am studyingEnglish for ayear atUniversity."

"My English isimproving."

"It neversnows inGermany in thesummer."

"It often snowsin the winter."

"I enjoysnow."

"It isn'tsnowing, thesun is shining.

- -

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Let's ask a few questions about Mr Bean.

Q- "What does Mr Bean do?"

A- "He's a teacher."

Q- "Is he sitting?"A- "No, he isn'tsitting, he's standing.

Q- "What does he teach?"A- "He teaches English."

Q- "What is he doing?"

A- "He'sholding a flag."

Q- "Where does he work?"A- "He works at a language school in London."

Q- "Is he working there today?"A- "No, he isn'tworking there today, it's shut."

Q- "What is he doing today?.A- "He'sdriving to Nottingham."

Q- "Does he often drive to Nottingham."A- "No, he usuallytakes the train."

10.Adjectives for people, places and things

Adjectives to describe someone's appearance

beautiful handsome pretty good looking ugly

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(women only)(men only) (girls only)

(men/women/boys)(men and

women)

attractive (men, women, boys or girls)

An adjective is a word that modifies a noun to tellyou more about it.

Adjectives never change. They are never plural.

For example:-

This is a nice cake. Adjectives go before theirnouns.

They're nice people.

Adjectives go before their nouns.

Adjectives for people and places - appearances

beautifulpretty

ugly

Adjectives for personality (people) or characteristics(places and things)

lovely nice

OK all righthorrible terrible awful

Questions for people, places and things

For people Question Answer

Appearance What does David looklike?Oh, he's a handsome man. He's tall with fair

hair.

Personality What is he like?(What's he like?)

He's a lovely man.

For places Question Answer

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AppearanceWhat is Tuscany like?

(What's Tuscany like?)Oh, it's a very pretty place.

CharacteristicsWhat is Tuscany like?

(What's Tuscany like?)It's a lovely place.

For things Question Answer

Appearance

What is the new Jaguar car

like?

(What's the new Jaguar car

like?)

Oh, it's a beautiful car.

Characteristics

What is the new Jaguar car

like?

(What's the new Jaguar car

like?)

It's a very comfortable car.

Opposites

big / large

"It's a large

animal."

small

"It's a small animal."

clean

"She's a cleanlittle girl."

dirty

"She's a dirty littlegirl."

friendly

"They're friendlypeople."

unfriendly

"They're unfriendlypeople."

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expensive

"It's an expensivecar."

cheap

"It's a cheap car."

good

"He's a goodboy."

bad

"He's a bad boy."

tall

"He's a tall man."

short

"He's a short man."

long

"She has longhair."

short

"She has short hair."

comfortable

"It's a

comfortablechair."

uncomfortable

"They're

uncomfortablechairs."

happy

"It's a happy

face."

sad

"It's a sad face."

new

"It's a new car."

old

"It's an old car."

Naturally Speaking

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Mr Bean meets Mr Breuer again at a party.

Mr Bean:Hello, Mr Breuer. It's nice to see your again.

Mr Breuer: Mr Bean, what a nice surprise! How are you?

Mr Bean:I'm fine thanks, and how is Mrs Breuer?

Mr Breuer: She's OK thank you. She's getting a new teacher next week, a Miss

Burton. What's she like?

Mr Bean:Don't worry she's very nice. She's really friendly.

Mr Breuer:Oh that's good to know. You come from Derby, don't you Mr Bean?

Mr Bean:Yes, that's right.

Mr Breuer:What's it like?

Mr Bean: It's a big city in the Midlands. It's a really nice city to live in and the

people their are very friendly. What's Dresden like?

Mr Breuer:

Dresden is a very large city in the East of Germany. It's beautiful in

parts but quite ugly in others. There have been a lot of changes

recently.

Mr Bean:Yes, I can imagine.

Note !

all right, awful, bad, beautiful, big, cheap, clean, comfortable, dirty, expensive,

friendly, good, happy, horrible, large, long, lovely, new, nice, OK, sad,

short, small, tall, terrible, uncomfortable and unfriendly

are all adjectives - they describe nouns

very, quite, really and slightly

are all modifiers - they change (modify) the adjectives

11. Likes, Dislikes and Invitations

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Do you like ...?

To talk about liking or disliking something, you can use verb + -ing with:-

enjoy| like | love | hate

Asking and answering questions:-

Question Answer+ Answer -Do you enjoylearning English? Yes, I love it. No, I hate it.

Does he like living in Germany? Yes, he loves it. No, he hates it.

Did you love the Beatles in the 60s? Yes, I loved them. No, I hated them.

Do you hate football? Yes, I hate it. No, I love it.

To invite someone to do something, you can use verb + -ing with:-

feel like |fancy

Asking and answering questions:-

QuestionAnswer+ Answer -

Do you feel like going out tonight? Yes, I'd love to. No, I don't feel like it.

Do you fancygoing for a drive? Yes, I'd love to. No, I don't feel like it.

Love - Hate

After some verbs (love, like, don't/doesn't mind, hate) you can use a noun, a pronoun or a verb +ing.

Love Like

Don't mind

Hate

Noun (coffee) I love coffee. I like coffee.I don't mind

coffee.I hate coffee.

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Pronoun (him) I love him. I like him.I don't mind

him.I hate him.

Verb (flying) I love flying. I like flying.I don't mind

flying.

I hate flying.

How about doing something? vs Would you like todo something?

To invite someone to do something you can also use:-

Question Answer+ Answer -How about going outtonight? Yes, I'd love to. No, I don't feel like it.

Would you like to go outtonight? Yes, I'd love to. No, I don't feel like it.

How about havinga drink? Yes, I'd love to. No, thanks.

Would you like to have a drink? Yes, I'd love one. No, thank you.

! Note. 'How about ...' is informal. 'Would you like to ...' is formal.

Now let's see how Mr Bean does it...

Mr Bean is at home when his wife comes in...

Mr Bean: Hello, darling. Do you fancy going out tonight?

Mrs Bean: Oh, no thanks, I don't really feel like it tonight. How about renting a film instead.

Mr Bean: OK. Do you feel like watching the new Bruce Willis film, Die Hard 13?

Mrs Bean: Oh, no. I hate him. Do you like Julia Roberts?Mr Bean: I don't mind her.

Mrs Bean: Well I really like her. Let's rent her new film then.

12. Offering, Accepting and Refusing Politely

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Would you like ...?

How to offer a cup of coffee to someone else:

Offering

Formal Would you like a cup of coffee?

Informal A cup of coffee?

Very informal Coffee?

Yes/No

How to accept or decline a cup of coffee:

Accepting Refusing

Formal Yes, please. No, thank you.

Informal Yes, I'd like some. No, thanks.

Very informal I'd love one. No, thanks.

How do you take it?

Saying how you would like your coffee...

Black with sugar, please.

White, no sugar, please.

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White with sugar, please.

Black, no sugar, please.

A little milk, but no sugar, please.


Mr Bean is in the staff room at school. He is making a cup of coffee. Miss Smith comes in ...

Mr Bean: Hello, Miss Smith. Would you like a cup of coffee? I'm just making some.

Miss Smith: Oh, yes please, that would be lovely.

Mr Bean: How do you take it?

Miss Smith: With milk and sugar please.

Mr Bean makes the coffee

Mr Bean: Here you are.

Miss Smith: Thank you.

Their colleague Mr Martin comes in

Miss Smith: Good morning Mr Martin, coffee?

Mr Martin: Oh, great! Yes please, I'd love one.

Mr Bean: Milk and sugar?

Mr Martin: A little milk and no sugar, please.

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An English family says 'Hello!'

Mr and Mrs Bell are married.

This

is

Mary

Bell.

Mrs Bell:

"Hello I'm Mary

Bell, George's

wife. George is my

husband."

This is

George

Bell.

Mr Bell:

"Hello I'm George

Bell, Mary's

husband. Mary is

my wife."

Mr and Mrs Bell:

"Here are our children. We are their parents."

This is Carol. Carol: "Hello! I'm Carol Bell."

This isRobert. Carol:

"This is Robert. He's my big brother. I'm hissister."

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Robert:

"Hello! I'm Robert Bell. I'm her brother. She's

my little sister."

Carol and Robert :

"Here are our parents. We're their children."

You have

already met

Mary.

Carol and

R

o

b

e

r

t

:

"This is our mother."

Mrs Bell:

"I'm Robert and Carol's mother. Carol is

my daughter and Robert is my son."

You have

already met

George.

Carol and

R

o

b

e

r

t

:

"This is our father."

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Mr Bell:

"I'm Robert and Carol's father. Carol is

my daughter and Robert is my son."

The Bell Family

Do you remember Mr

and Mrs Bell

and their

children

Carol and

Robert?

Mr Bell's parents are

dead and he

doesn't

have any

brothers

and sisters,

he was an

only child.

Mrs Bell's parents are

still alive,

she has a

younger

sister and

an older

brother.

Let's learn some more about them:

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Here are Mary's parents. Mr and Mrs Richards, Emily

and Edgar. She's their daughter.

"Hello. We are Carol and Robert's grandparents.

Carol and Robert are our grandchildren."

Mr Richards: "I'm their grandfather. Carol is our

granddaughter and Robert is our grandson.

"

Mrs Richards: "I'm their grandmother. We're

George's in laws. I'm his mother-in-law and

Edgar is his father-in-law. George is our

son-in-law."

This is Mr and Mrs Robert's other daughter Anne, Miss

Richards.

"Hello. I'm Anne. I'm Mary's younger sister. That makes me Carol

and Robert's aunt. Carol is my niece and Robert is my nephew.

Mary's husband George is my brother-in-law, I'm his sister-in-law.

I'm not married, I'm single."

And this is their son Charles.

"Hi. I'm Charles. I'm Mary's older brother. That makes me Carol

and Robert's uncle. Carol is my niece and Robert is my nephew.

Mary's husband George is my brother-in-law, I'm his brother-in-law

too. I was married, but not any more, I'm divorced.

I have one child, a baby girl."

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This is Emma. She is Charles' baby. Charles is her

father. She is Carol and Robert's cousin, they

are her cousins too. Mary and Anne are her

aunts, she is Mary and Anne's niece. George isher uncle, she is his niece.

DIRECTIONS

Simple Directions

Right

Left

Straight ahead

For example

The factory is straight

ahead.

The office

block is on the

left.

You are here.The train station

is on the right.

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Ask the right question

Question Answer

Where is the office block please? It's on the left.

Could you tell me where the factory is, please? It's straight ahead.

Excuse me. Do you know where the train station

is?It's on the right.

Where is ... in the town?

Where is the

church

?

Where is the train

station?

Where is the

school?

Where is the

airport

?

Where is the

hospita

l?

The church is on

the far left.

The train station is to

the right of the

church.

The school is in the

middle.

The airport is to

the left of the

hospital.

The hospital is on

the far right.

or...

The church is next

to the train station.

The train station is

between the church

and the school.

The school is

between the station

and the airport.

The airport is

between the

school and the

hospital.

The hospital is next

to the airport.

Test It

Test what you have learnt -

You need a blank piece of paper and a pencil.

Listen to the text.

I will read out where you, a school, a hospital, a church and a train station are on the piece of

paper.

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Draw a simple map on the piece of paper according to what I tell you.

Check what you have written.

near far

Movement

Overthe bridge

Through the tunnel

Along/ Down the road

Go upstairs

Go downstairs

Take the lift up / down.

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Ask the right question

More Questions

How do I get to ... ?

What's the best way to ...?

Is it near?

Is it far?

Vocabulary

A bottle of ..... A bowl of ..... A cup of ..... A glass of ..... A pot of ..... A slice of ...

The waiter is coming. In his right

hand he is carrying a tray.

On the tray is a bottle of

wine and two glasses. He

has a napkin over his left

arm.

He has dark hair. He is wearing

black shoes, a pair of black

trousers and a grey

waistcoat over a white shirt

with a black bow tie.

A waiter/waitress takes

your order."Are you ready to order?"

or "Would you like to order?"

or "May I take your order?"

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or "What would you like?"

Can you think of anything else a waiter might say to take your order?

Naturally Speaking


Mr Bean is at a cafe with his colleague Mr Smith. They are sitting at a table. The waiter comes

to take their order.

Waiter: Are you ready to order?

Mr Bean: Yes, I'd like a cup of coffee and a doughnut, please.

Waiter (to Mr

Smith): And what would you like?

Mr Smith: Oh, I'll have a pot of tea and a slice of apple pie.

Waiter: Would you like cream with your pie?

Mr Smith: No, thank you. Could I have ice cream with it instead?

Waiter: Yes, of course.

Mr Bean: And may I have a glass of water too?

Waiter: Certainly.

Paying in a cafe

Questions

Who? People

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What? Things

Where? Places

When? Time

Paying in a cafe

Note! To drink is a verb and drink is a noun. To order is a verb and order is

a noun.

Vocabulary

Thecustomer

chooses

from the

menu.

The waitertakes the

order.

The waiter

brings the food

and drink.

The

customer

eats the

food and

drinks the

drink.

The

customer

asks for

the bill.

The customer

pays the bill.

The

customer

leaves a

tip.

Mr Bean is

a

customer.

This is a waiter. This is food. To eat.This is a

bill.To pay.

This is a

tip.

1 x cup coffee

1 x doughnut

1 x pot tea

1 x slice apple pie

This is a

menu.This is an order. This is drink. To drink

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Mr Bean and Mr Smith are finishing

their drinks. They have to go

back to work now.

Mr Bean offers to pay for the coffee.

When you want to

pay."I'll pay."

or "My treat."

or "This is on me."

Can you think of anything else you might say when you want to pay?

Naturally Speaking


Mr Bean is at a cafe with his colleague Mr Smith. They are sitting at the table when

the waiter comes to take their order.

Mr Smith : Shall we get the bill?

Mr Bean: Yes, I'll pay though, my treat.

Mr Smith: Thank you, that's very kind. I'll get it next time.

Mr Bean (to the waiter): Excuse me. Could we have the bill please?

Waiter: Certainly. Do you want to pay together or separately?

Mr Bean: Together please. How much is that?

Waiter: Here you are. That's 5.50, please.

Mr Bean: Here you are - 6.00, keep the change.

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Waiter: Thank you.

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