Supervised by Mr. Muhammad Javaidskillingpakistan.org/files/1/LMIS_Report_Final-Textile.pdf · Mr. Muhammad Javaid Mr. Jens Siebert Photo credits Mr. Abdul Majeed Goraya Layout and

AuthorsMr. Raja Abdul HameedMr. Salahuddin Qureshi

Supervised byMr. Muhammad JavaidMr. Jens Siebert

Photo creditsMr. Abdul Majeed Goraya

Layout and designDot Advertising Islamabad

Printed by

December 2014

This report is produced by the National Skills Information System (NSIS), National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC) with the technical assistance of the TVET Reform Support Programme, which is funded by the European Union, the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Royal Norwegian Embassy, and has been commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH is implementing this Programme in close collaboration of the NAVTTC. The analysis, results and recommendations in this report represent the opinion of the authors and are not necessarily representative of the position of the GIZ.

National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC)5th Floor, Evacuee Trust ComplexSector F-5/1, IslamabadTel: +92 51 904404Fax: +92 51 904404Email: [email protected]

A Case Study of Faisalabad DistrictA Case Study of Faisalabad District

Skills Trend in Textile Industry Pakistan

Abbreviations ixConcept and Definitions xAcknowledgments xiExecutive Summary xiiKey findings xiv

1. Introduction 1.1 Background 11.2 Skills Development 11.3 National Skill Strategy 21.4 Technical and Vocational Training Reform Support Programme Pakistan 31.5 Labour Market Information (LMI) 31.6 Scope of the Programme 4

2. Labour Market Intelligence Survey 2.1 Objectives of Survey 62.2 Beneficiaries of Survey 7

2.2.1 Private Sector 72.2.2 Public Sector 7

2.3 Methodology 72.3.1 Questionnaire of Survey 82.3.2 Universe 82.3.3 Target Population 82.3.4 Sampling Frame 92.3.5 Stratified Sampling Methodology 92.3.6 Sample size and its Allocation: 92.3.7 Procedure to Select Sample Unit 112.3.8 Training of Enumerators 122.3.9 Data Collection and Management 122.3.10 Limitation of Survey 122.3.11 Response of Survey 12

3. Textile Industry of Pakistan 3.1 Global Overview 13 3.2 Domestic Overview 13 3.3 Performance of Textile Industry 14 3.4 Skilled Manpower in Textile Sector 14 3.5 Textile Industry in Faisalabad 14

4. Establishment Profile4.1 Year of Establishment 18 4.1.1 Year of Establishment by Sub sector 184.2 Registration of Establishments 20

4.2.1 Registration with Trade Associations 214.3 Corporate Status of Establishments 21

4.3.1 Corporate Status of Establishments by Sub sector 224.3.2. Corporate Status within each Sub Sector 23

4.4 Capacity Utilization 234.4.1 Work Status of Establishments (Seasonal and All Time) 234.4.2 Capacity Utilization (Number of Shifts Running) 244.4.3 Capacity Utilization by Sub sector 25

Contents 5. Demand and Supply Analysis of Skilled Workers5.1 Number of Total Employees 26

5.1.1 Total Number of Employees by Sub sector 265.2 Percentage Increase in Employees by Skills 27

5.2.1 Present Composition of Employees by Skill 275.3 Composition of Employees by Skills 285.4 Employees by Status 29

5.4.1 Composition of Employees by Status 305.5 Employment Structure by Sub sector 5.5.1 Average Number Employees by Sub sector 315.6 Distribution of Workers by Status of Work as on June 2013 325.7 Status of Employees by Sub sector (as of June 2013) 335.8 Employees by Skill and by Sub sector 345.9 Skilled/Semi-skilled Employees by Gender 355.10 Skilled Employee’s Status by Qualification 385.11 Employees by Source of Skill and Gender 395.12 Skilled Workers from Informal Sources 405.13 Recruitment Methodology 415.14 Prioritization of Method of Recruitment 425.15 Preference in Recruitment of Skilled and Semi-skilled Workers 435.16 Future Expansion Plan of Units 435.17 Expansion Plan by Sub sectors 445.18 Future Manpower Requirement by skill 44

5.18.1 Units with New Expansion Plan 445.18.2 Routine Expansion in Employment 465.18.3 Overall Future Manpower Requirement 47

6. Performance of TVET Institutes- Trained Workers6.1 Textile Units Satisfied with the Standard of TVET 496.2 Sub sectors Satisfied with Standard of TVET (Public & Private) 496.3 Level of Skill Satisfaction 516.4 Improvement Proposed by Units for Enhancing Skills 52

7. Shortage of Skilled Workers7.1 Present and Future Shortage of Skilled Workers 547.2 Management of Shortage of Skilled Workers 557.3 Sources of Meeting Shortage of Skilled Workers by Sub sector 557.4 Management of Human Resource 56

7.4.1 Management of Human Resource by Sub sector 577.4.2 Units Maintaining Record of Skilled Employees 57

7.5 Establishment Having its Own TVT Arrangement 587.6 Type of TVT Arrangement 59

8. Skilled Employment Trend8.1 Employment Trend as on June, 2009 and June 2013 608.2 Growth in Employment by Sub sector 608.3 Growth in Employees by Sub sector and Category 618.4 Annual Growth in Employment by Status of Work and Sub sector 638.5 Employees status by Level of Education 648.6 Increases in Workers by Qualifications 658.7 Annual Average Increase in Workers by Qualifications 658.8 Employees by Status of Education Level and Sub sector 66

9. Conclusions 67

II III



IV V

Figure 1 - Distribution of Faisalabad Textile Units by Number of Employees 11Figure 2- Distribution of Units by Sub sector 16Figure 3- Growth of Textile Industry from 1996-2013 18Figure 4- Annual Average Growth of Textile Industry by Sub sector 19Figure 5- Units Registered and De-listed with Labour Department 20Figure 6- Registrations with Trade Associations 21Figure 7 – Percentage of Establishments by Corporate Status 22Figure 8 - Percentage Shifts Running in Establishments 24Figure 9 - Number of Shifts Running by Sub sector 25Figure 10- Composition of Employees by Skills in Percentage 27Figure 11 - Composition of Employees by Skills 28Figure 12 - Composition of Employees by Status in 1995 and 2013 29Figure 13 - Employment by Sub sector as on June 2013 (%) 31Figure 14 - Average number of Employees per Unit of Sub sector as on June 2013 32Figure 15 - Percentage Distribution of Employees by Category of Job as on June 2013 32Figure 16 - Percentage of Employees by skill and Sub sector as on June, 2013 34Figure 17 - Percentage Distribution of Skilled and Semi-skilled Workers by Gender 35Figure 18 - Percentage Distribution of Skilled and Semi-skilled Female Employees by Sub sector 36Figure 19 - Percentage Distribution of Skilled and Semi-skilled Female Employees by Sub sector 37Figure 20 - Percentage Share of Qualified Employees by Sub sector 38Figure 21 - Method of Recruitment 41Figure 22 - Units with Expansion Plan 42Figure 23 - Expansion Plan by Sub sector (%) 43Figure 24 - Manpower Requirement by Skill for New Expansion 44Figure 25 - Future Manpower Requirement with New Expansion (%) 45Figure 26 - Routine Expansion in Employment without Expansion Plan 45Figure 27 - Composition of Future Manpower Requirements by Skills 47Figure 28 - Sample Units Satisfied with Standard of TVET 48Figure 29 - Percentage distribution of Satisfaction by Public and Private Sector 50Figure 30 - Shortage of Skills in Textile Industry 53Figure 31 - Method to meet the Shortage of Skilled Workers (%) 54Figure 32 - Establishments having Human Resource Departments 55Figure 33 - Establishment Having no Arrangement of TVT 58Figure 34 - Annual Growth Rate in Regular, Temporary and Contract Employees from 2009-2013 60Figure 35 - Sub sector wise Increase in Employment by Category of Job 62Figure 36 - Percentage Growth in employment by Sub sector 63Figure 37 - Percentage Share of Qualified Workers in Total Employees 63Figure 38 - Annual Percentage Increase in Workers by Qualifications 64

Appendix - 1 70Appendix - 2 79Appendix - 3 88Appendix - 4 90

Table 1 - Number of Textile Units and Sample Unit by Sub sector 11Table 2 - Establishment by Sub sector and Employment Level 15Table 3 - Increase in Establishments from June 1995 to June 2013 19Table 4 - Units Registered and Un- registered by Sub sector 21Table 5 - Corporate Status of Establishments by Sub sector 22Table 6 - Distribution of Establishment by Sub sector and Corporate Status (%) 23Table 7 - Percentage Distribution of by Corporate Status by Sub sector 23Table 8 - Number & Percentage by Work Status 24Table 9 - Number and Percentage of Shifts in Establishments by Sub sector 25Table 10 - Percentage Increase in Employees from 1995 to 2013 by Sub sector 26Table 11 - Percentage Increase in Employees from 1995 to 2013 by status of work 27Table 12 - Composition of Employees by Skills 28Table 13 - Change in Employees by status over 1995 29Table 14 - Composition of Employees by Status as on June, 1995 and 2013 30Table 15 - Employment by Sub sector as on June, 2013 30Table 16 - Employees per Unit of Sub sector as on June 2013 31Table 17 - Percentage of Total Employees by Status of Work as on June, 2013 33Table 18 - Percentage of Employees by Skill and Sub sector as on June, 2013 34Table 19 - Share of Female Employees by Sub sector 35Table 20 - Skilled/Semi-skilled Employees by Gender and Sub sector 36Table 21 - Number and Percentage of Total and Qualified Employees by Sub sector 37Table 22 - Source of Education by Gender 38Table 23 - Qualified Employees by Gender and Sub sector 39Table 24 - Skilled Workers by Informal Source and by Gender 40Table 25 - Method of Recruitment 40Table 26 - Prioritization of Method of Recruitment 41Table 27 - Number & Percentage of Qualified Workers by Sources 42Table 28 - Manpower Requirement with Expansion Plan by Sub sector 44Table 29 - Routine Expansion in Employment by Sub sector 46Table 30 - Future Requirements of Workers by Skills and Sub sector 46Table 31 - Percentage Level of Skill Satisfaction by Sub sector 49Table 32 - Satisfaction Status with Standard of TVET by Sub sector 49Table 33 - Level of Skill Satisfaction of TVET Institutions 51Table 34 - Summary of Reported Measures for Improvement of TVET 52Table 35 - Shortage of Trade/Skill by Sub sector 53Table 36 - Management of the Shortage of Skilled Workers 55Table 37 - Establishment Having Human Resource Department 56Table 38 - Units Maintaining Record of Skilled Employees 57Table 39 - Growth in Employment from 2009 to 2013 by Sub sector 59Table 40 - Growth in Employment by Categories 60Table 41 - Sub sector wise Employees’ Details by Category of Job 61Table 42 - Percent growth in Employment of Workers by Sub sector 62Table 43 - Increase in workers by qualifications and percentage change 64Table 44 - Employees by Education Level and Sub sector 65

List of Figures

List of Tables



VI VII

Admin & gen. worker

Administrative and General Worker

BOS Bureau of Statistics, Punjab

CC Career Counseling

CMI Census of Manufacturing of Industries of Pakistan

DA Daily Allowance

DAE Diploma in Associate Engineering

EFP Employers Federation of Pakistan

GFA GFA Consulting Group GmbH

GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

GSP Plus Generalized Scheme of Preferences Plus

HRD Human Resource Development

ILO International Labour Organisation

ISCO International Standard Classification of Occupations

JP Job Placement

LMI Labour Market Intelligence

N.E.C Not Elsewhere Classified

NAVTTC National Vocational and Technical Training Commission

NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations

NOSS National Occupational Skills Standards

NSS National Skills Strategy

PASCO Pakistan Standard Classification of Occupations

PBS Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

PVTC Punjab Vocational Training Council

SDPTI Skill Development Programme for Textile Industry

SMOT Stitching Machines Operator Training

TEVTA Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority

TU Technical Up-graduation

TVT Technical Vocational Training

TVET Technical, Vocational Education and Training

TWG Technical Working Group

VC Vocational Counseling

VG Vocational Guidance

Abbreviations Concept and Definitions

1. EstablishmentThe Establishment is the institution, involved in operational and economic activity of running a business i.e. textile factory.

2. Employment StatusStatus of economically-active employee with respect to his/her jobs, whether he/she is regular employee, temporary or working on contract basis, as defined below:

2.1 RegularThose employees who are appointed on permanent basis as a core staff whose services are regulated through companies act/labour laws.2.2 Temporary/Daily WagesThe employees appointed on day-to-day basis or as per additional requirement.2.3 ContractEmployees appointed for a fixed period of time or assignment basis.

3. Skilled WorkerA skilled worker is one who completes higher level of education i.e. PhD, Master Degree , Diploma Holders or equivalent level and who is capable of work and supervises efficiently the work of semi-skilled workers.

4. Semi-Skilled WorkerA semi-skilled worker is one who acquires lower level of education and skill through technical and vocational training, apprenticeship and through informal methods i.e. Ustadi-Shagirdi, family trade etc. He does work generally of defined routine nature wherein major requirement is not so much of the judgment, skill but for proper discharge of duties assigned to him or relatively narrow job and where important decisions are made by others. His work is thus limited to the performance of routine operations of limited scope.

5. Admin. & General WorkerEmployees appointed for general administration of the establishment other than production process.

6. EmployeeThe Employee means a person who is working in the institution/ for employer at certain position and receives remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates or pay in kind.

7. Level of EducationLevel of education means the highest grade attained who have attended a school, college, university, and technical institutions, etc.



VIII

Acknowledgments

Executive SummaryThe report on Labour Market Intelligence Survey of Faisalabad textile industry is the result of collaborative effort between the TVET Reform Support Programme and Bureau of Statistics Punjab. The authors acknowledge contributions of many national organizationsand institutions that share knowledge and data in support of this report including the All Pakistan Textile Mills Association, Faisalabad. The authors are particularly grateful to the approximated 282 respondents of Textile Industry interviewed by dedicated team of senior field officers deployed across the Faisalabad district for survey on skilled Labour market intelligence.



X XI

To achieve the objectives of National Skill Strategy, a five year Technical, Vocational and Educational Training (TVET) Reform Support Programme was launched in April 2011, to assist the Government of Pakistan in the implementation of its TVET sector reform plans. The TVET Reform Support Programme, funded by the European Union, the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Royal Norwegian Embassy, has been commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH is implementing this programme in close collaboration with the National Vocational and Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC).

The main objectives of programme are as under:

• Providerelevantskillsforindustrialandeconomicdevelopment• Improveaccess,equityandemployabilityand• Ensurequalityofskilldevelopment

Under Component 3, the TVET Reform Support Programme is assisting National Vocational and Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC) as well as provincial Technical Education and Vocational Training Authorities (TEVTAs) to establish and improve their capacity for managing and analyzing Labour market information, in order to develop policies and national / sector skills plans responsive to the skill needs of the Labour market, business and future business prospects.

The programme is supporting the NAVTTC and provincial TEVTAs in establishment and up gradation of Labour Market Information (LMI) system in Pakistan. The information and data collected under the system will be used for the purpose of TVET policy formulation and implementation. The LMI will require detailed information on size, structure and changes in the labour force demand and supply. Information can be descriptive (qualitative) or statistical (quantitative). LMI shall also provide “critical” information to the stakeholders on different TVET aspects – market needs, school to work transition, time spent on getting employment, relevancy of work with skills acquired and unemployment, etc. Availability of detailed and disaggregated LMI is a pre-requisite for:

• Responsiveness of their graduates to the needs of the economy and Labourmarket employment generating policies, Human Resource Development (HRD), education and TVET policy formulation and programme design,

• Undertaking Vocational Counseling (VC) and Career Guidance (CG), JobPlacement (JP), and

• ProvidingfeedbacktotheeducationandTVETandothertraininginstitutionsonthe adequacy.

A very limited data on skills is available in the country. Labour Force Survey (LFS) the prime source and all other major sources are silent in this regard. Under these circumstances two options were considered to be feasible to fill the data gaps: One was modification in existing data collecting instruments and the other to conduct independent Labour Market Intelligence Survey. The existing information system is not capable to provide immediately the information/data about the emerging trades and occupations. To overcome this situation Labour Market Intelligence Surveys have been planned to conduct in the emerging sectors such as Textile, Energy, Food Processing and Services. The textile industry being the backbone of Pakistan economy has been selected for the first survey. In textile sector, Faisalabad is selected for the survey being the hub of textile industries in Pakistan.

The result of these surveys will be used for the following activities:

• ConductingtheLabourmarketintelligenceinemergingsectorsoftheeconomywill provide information about the availably/shortage of trained manpower.

• SupporttoDevelopNOSSforthedemandedoccupationsbasedonthereportsof Labour market intelligence.

• Support to build the capacity within NAVTTC, TEVTAs, PVTC and otherstakeholders to utilize the NOSS and introduce new disciplines in training institutes and schools.

• Develop a complete occupational list of each in accordance to InternationalStandard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)

The objectives of the Labour market intelligence survey for textile industry is to enhance knowledge on Labour market trends, skill profiles, identify skill shortages, skill training needs, skills exceeding demand, and preferences/capacities of the employers. It would help to assess the needs of the market for demanded skills and would also prove helpful in selecting and designing skill specific curricula.

The key findings of this survey report will facilitate the planners, training institutions and other stakeholders of textile industry by providing evidence based results for design and implementation of effective training programme in future.



XII XIII

Key Findings

• During the period 1995 to 2013, themanufacturing units increased by 139%. Theincrease over five years interval i.e.; 1996-2000 was 13.1% , 2001-2005 15.6% , 2006-2010 18% and during 2011-13 the increase was 11.3% over 1995.

• Thegrowthinestablishmentsbysubsectorsduring18yearsperiodindicateshighestgrowth in the sub sector of Weaving which was 15.5% and the lowest in Spinning sub sector of 1.9%. The annual average growth in the sub sector of Made up Articles and Weaving Apparel was 8% and 8.6% respectively. The overall annual average growth comes to 7.7%.

• During eighteen years period the employment increased from 16,904 in 1995 to36,053 workers in June 2013. The percentage increase worked out as 113% over the period of 18 years (1996-2013).

• Thehighestincreasewasobservedinadminandgen.workerswhichwas132%.Theincrease in semi-skilled workers was 113%, while the lowest increase of 86% was observed in skilled workers.

• Therewasnovisiblechangeincompositionofemployeesoverthistimeperiod.Onebasis point increase was observed in admin & gen. workers which increased from 11.2% to 12.2% over this time period. The share of skilled workers decreased from 7.5% to 6.5%, while, there was no change at all in semi-skilled workers.

• Thehighestpercentage increasesincestartofproduction(upto 1995)andasonJune, 2013 was in the category of regular employees which was about 173.7% followed by temporary/daily wages employees which increased by 58.3%. On the other hand results of survey reveals decline in contract employees by 12.0%

• Theproportionofregularemployeesatstartofproductionoftheunitswas55.6%,which increased to 71.4% by June 2013. The share of temporary/daily wages employees decreased from 31.3% to 23.2%. A drastic change was observed in case of contract employees’ share which decreased from 13.1% in 2009 to 5.4% only in 2013. It reflects that the textile industry was undergoing structural changes in employment.

• According tosurvey71%of skilledandsemi-skilledemployeeswereemployedonregular basis, 23% on temporary/daily wages and 6% on contract basis.

• IntextileindustryofFaisalabad,81.3%employeesweresemi-skilled,12.2%comprisedadmin & gen. workers and only 6.5% were skilled workers. The share of skilled workers in Pakistan favourably compares with India where it is only 5%.

• ThemanufacturingsectorofPakistanisgenerallyamaledominating.Likewisethesurvey results also indicate that 95% employees were male and only 5% were female.

• Theresultofanalysisindicatedthatskilledworkersqualifiedfromprivateandpublictraining institutes constituted 4% of total workers.

• Of the total skilled& semi-skilledworkers, having no formal training, 80.7%weretrained through Ustadi-Shagirdi, 16.1% workers had got on the job training in establishments. Training through family trade was obtained by 2.2% workers and only 1.0% of the skilled workers had got training through apprenticeship in compliance law.

• On the average 4.5 workers qualified from public and private institutions wereemployed in each unit.



XIV XV

• 54% of the skilled workers were qualified from formal TVET institutes and theremaining 46% were trained through informal system. This reflects there is a demand for TVET trained workers.

• Accordingtoresultofsurveyoutof1,262qualifiedemployees,only7.8%weretrainedfrom private sector institutes and the rest 92.8% got training from public sector institutions.

• Outofsampleunits38.3%werefoundsatisfiedwiththestandardsofformalTVET,whereas 11% showed their dissatisfaction. The remaining 50.7% did not respond to the question. This reflects the educational/training institutes of formal TVET, have not disseminated information properly to the textile sector about their training programme.

• 74.1% of responding units showed satisfaction with public sector institutions,while 25.9% indicated satisfaction with the performance of public & private sector institutions.

• Thetextileindustrywascomparativelymoresatisfiedwiththeperformanceofpublicsector TVET than the private sector.

• Thelargestpercentageof28%ofpublic&privatebothsuggestedimprovementintraining on modern equipment, followed by practical training by 24.4% and 18.3% of the respondents proposed improvement in training on soft skills.

• ThelargestrecommendationforimprovementinpublicsectorTVETwasfortrainingon modern equipment 27%, followed by practical training by 25.4%, and soft skill by 20.6%.

• The 17.6%of the respondents suggested improvement in theprivate sectorTVET.The analysis of data indicated that the largest recommendation for improvement in private sector TVET was also for training on modern equipment 31.6%, followed by practical training by 21%, theoretical training, improvement in curriculum and soft skill by 10.5% of the respondents each.

• 72%oftherespondingunitswereoftheviewthattherewasnoshortageofskillintheindustry; however 28% were of the opinion that there was shortage of skilled workers.

• The 42.8% respondents reported shortage of skilled workers was managed bygetting extra work from the existing employees, 11.8% units reported that they met the shortage of skilled workers by arranging in service training. While 19.3% reported that they managed shortage of skilled workers by offering raise in wages, whereas 26.1% reported that they keep the vacancies unfilled till availability of skilled workers.

• On thebasesof skills the expected futuredemandworksout to 24.4%of skilled

workers, 8.9% in admin & gen. workers and 5.9% in semi-skilled workers over June 2013. On the average the future demand of total workers comes to 7.4% of the existing employees of sample units which commensurate with annual growth of textile industry of 7.7% per annum.

• Atotalshortageof52trade/skillswasreportedby69unitsoftextileindustry.Thehighest units reported shortage was 29% by Weaving followed by 27.5 % by Finishing and 14.5% each by Spinning and Weaving Apparel.

• Byoccupation thehighest shortageof21%was recordedofWeavers followedbyStitcher 7% and 6% of Loom Operators.

• A total shortage of 92 trade/skills was reported by 136 units required by textileindustry and associated sectors in coming years. The highest units reported shortage was 48.4% by Weaving followed by 18.4% by Finishing and 8.1% by Spinning. By occupation/skill the highest percentage of 13% was reported in Weavers and 4% each of Winder Man and Fitters.

• Atotalshortageof52trade/skillswasreportedby69unitsoftextileindustry.Thehighest units reported shortage was 29% by Weaving followed by 27.5 % by Finishing and 14.5% each by Spinning and Weaving Apparel.

• Thehighestannualgrowthwasreportedinthecategoryoftemporary/dailywagesworkers which was 65.2% followed by regular employees which grew at the rate of 42.4%. In the category of contract employees a negative annual growth of 4.4% was reported.

• Percentageshareofdegreeholder intotalskilledandsemi-skilledemployeeswasonly 0.7%, diploma holders share was 2.5% certificate holder’s shares was 0.9%, while that of without any formal education/training was 95.9%.

• Thehighestdemandof32.6%wasobservedindiplomaholders.Ademandof5.1%wasrecorded in the degree holders. The demand of other non-qualified employees grew by 10.6%. Surprisingly, the demand for vocational/certificate holders was negative by 3.7% per annum.



1

IntroductionChapter 01

1.1 Background

The developed and developing countries have acknowledged the far-reaching benefits of having a skilled, mobile workforce for economic development. Countries that are successfully competing in the global workplace and achieving social and economic gains invested heavily in skills development. Pakistan, unfortunately, has fallen behind not only according to international levels of TVET, but also behind India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.

Moreover, it is believed that the current technical education standards, curriculum and teacher training material do not comply with and respond to the demand aroused by today’s workforce needs. This particularly applies to the new occupations and professions added to the technical education and training. Also, the level of involvement of private sector in providing the technical education and vocational trainings does not go in line with the national level needs. There are a huge number of private technical and vocational schools and institutes that have been founded on a preliminary market assessment basis, who do not follow any minimum academic standards and do not fall under the national education development programme.

It is a general perception that the existing curriculum offered in the TVET institutes does not fully match the needs of the Labour market and therefore need to be updated in order to strengthen the quality of TVET in the country. The existing training programme was also unable to equip the youth in new skills demanded by employers. Resultantly under the TEVT Reform Support Programme also importance is being given to revamp the curriculum.

1.2 Skills Development

In order to achieve sustained economic and social development, remain globally competitive and be able to respond to changes in technology and work patterns, the Pakistan government has recently made skills development a political priority. Anticipating strong demand for skilled workers at projected growth rate of Pakistan’s economy, the Medium Terms Development Framework (MTDF) 2008-2013 set an annual training target of 950,000 skilled workers, of which 700,000 were expected to be trained in public sector training institutes and 250,000 by private-sector training providers, however, evaluation of the programme has not been carried out so for due to extension in the completion period. Thus the outcome of the programme is not known.

The Government of Pakistan, realizing the gravity and enormity of these challenges, established in 2006, the National Vocational and Technical Training Commission, (NAVTTC) with the mandate to facilitate, regulate, and provide policy direction for technical education and vocational training to meet national and international demand for skilled manpower. To provide a framework against which to deliver its mandate, NAVTTC developed Skilling Pakistan: the National Skills Strategy (NSS), 2009-2013. The NSS was prepared to achieve the target of Medium Term Development Framework (2008-2013). The NSS envisaged training one million people annually through public and private institutions. Implementation of the programme is a joint effort of public and private sectors and stakeholders at national, provincial/regional and local levels. It is coordinated by the NAVTTC at federal level and TEVTAs at the provincial levels. The two organizations have established training institutes at national and provincial levels, and different modules of training have been formulated and training process started.

In Trade Policy 2005-06 Government announced to establish a “Garment Skill Development Board”, to provide support to the Textile Garments Sector, and initiated



2 3

a programme of skill development and training of stitching workers known as Stitching Machine Operator Training (SMOT). The objective was to train a critical mass of 10,000 to 12,000 stitching machine operators in one year both for woven and knitted garments by imparting training at the factory/unit. An amount of Rs. 96.00 million was allocated for the purpose.

The revised scheme has been launched and 12 Garments units have joined the SMOT-II scheme, of which 06 units are in Karachi, 03 units in Lahore, 02 units in Faisalabad and one unit in Rawalpindi. The other nine units are in pipe line to join the training programme. About 3,700 trainees (including 80% female) have been trained under training programme SMOT-I, most of them are employed by the garment units. Another 440 trainees have been trained under SMOT programme Phase-II.

According to Dawn News dated 17th October, 2013, the Textile Skill Development Board has, so far, imparted training to over 5,800 trainees, including 3,500 women, in textile garments stitching sector. So far 16 garment units have joined the phase II of SMOT scheme which started from September 2008.

1.3 National Skill Strategy

The NAVTTC developed a policy document titled Skilling Pakistan: National Skills Strategy 2009 – 2013.The strategy’s fundamental aim is to reform TVET system. The NSS envisions provision of relevant skills for industrial and economic development, improvement of access, equity and employability and assurance of quality through an integrated approach.

The NSS 2009-2013 has endeavoured to build upon existing strengths and opportunities, and to reflect both international best practices and indigenous knowledge. It presents a realistic view of the challenges that Pakistan faces and attempts to offer practical proposals for reform. This Strategy however, cannot be realized without combined effort from all stakeholders. Skilling Pakistan Strategy’s success requires an explicit commitment from its stakeholders:

• Fromthegovernmenttoinvestinandfacilitateskillsdevelopmentandemploymentcreation

• Fromemployerstointeractmeaningfullywithpolicymakers,totraintheiremployeesand to ensure decent working conditions

• Fromtrainingproviderstodelivertrainingaccordingtotheneedsof Industryandbest practice

• Fromindividualstomakeuseofskillsdevelopmentopportunitiestoadvancepersonaland social development and to contribute to national economic growth.

1.4 Technical and Vocational Training Reform Support Programme Pakistan

To achieve the objectives of National Skill Strategy, a five year TVET Reform Support Programme was launched in April 2011, to assist the Government of Pakistan in the implementation of its TVET sector reform plans.

One of the main objectives of the TVET Reform Support Programme is to remove the existing gaps between market demands and skills training and education. The programme will contribute to the improvement of the market-friendly regulations including private sector investment by providing a platform for policy dialogue between public and private

sector. Private investors should be able to voice their concerns, propose their perceived solutions and ideas and participate in the decision-making processes that impact their business and future business prospects.

The programme is comprised of following components:

Under Component 3, the TVET Reform Support Programme is assisting NAVTTC, Provincial TEVTAs, PVTC and other TVET related institutes to establish and improve their capacity for managing and analysing TVET related statistics, in order to develop policies and national / sector skills plans that are more responsive to the skills needs of the Labour market.

1.5 Labour Market Information (LMI)

There is a need to provide the Labour market with supply and demand information for the specific emerging areas of the economy helping education and training providers (public, private and NGOs) to design and deliver their education /training programme based on the Labour market demands which eventually contribute to the employability of the graduated TVET trainees, to be competitive globally, to increase the efficiency of the domestic industry, to support enhancement of foreign remittances, to provide employable skills to people in the context of a growing population and to ensure access to new career opportunities.

Overseas migration of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers has been a constant and encouraging employment trend. The remittances from the Pakistani Diasporas represent a significant source of earnings from semi-skilled and unskilled workers. Internationally, the types of skills demand are changing and higher skilled workers from other countries are being preferred over Pakistanis. Therefore, it is important to improve the skills profile of Pakistani migrant workers to enable them to access better jobs in the international job market and gain higher incomes and be a source of our foreign exchange earnings.

Com

pone

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Com

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nt 4

Com

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nt 5

Com

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nt 2

Com

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TVET Governance and Management

Capacity Building for TEVTAs

Cooperative Training and Green Skills

Vocational Qualifications Framework(NQF) and Human Resource Development(HRD)

Innovative TVET and Labour Market Information and Services.



4 5

1.6 Scope of the Programme

TVET Reform Support Programme is supporting in establishment and up gradation of Labour Market Information (LMI) system in Pakistan. The information and data collected under the system will be used for the purpose of TVET policy formulation and implementation. The LMI will require detailed information on size, structure and changes in the Labour force demand and Labour force supply. Information can be descriptive (qualitative) or statistical (quantitative). LMI shall also provide “critical” information to the stakeholders on different TVET aspects – market needs, school to work transition, time spent on getting employment, relevancy of work with skills acquired and unemployment, etc. Availability of detailed and disaggregated LMI is a pre-requisite for:

• ResponsivenessoftheirgraduatestotheneedsoftheeconomyandLabourmarketemployment generating policies, Human Resource Development (HRD), education and TVET policy formulation and programme design,

• UndertakingVocationalCounseling(VC)andCareerGuidance(CG),JobPlacement(JP), and

• ProvidingfeedbacktotheeducationandTVETandothertraininginstitutionsontheadequacy and.

LMI is not only related to the demand side of the Labour market, but also to the supply side. In order to get insight into (potential) mismatches in the Labour market this can be measured in both qualitative and quantitative terms. Therefore, information on current and potential Labour market discrepancies like available skill vacancies/skill shortages, competency of existing technical education and vocational training, Labour surplus, hidden and open unemployment, and various forms of under or over-employment is critical to design and deliver TVET as per the market needs.

Critical dependency on the information notwithstanding, the existing sources and institutional mechanism, so far, appeared to be unable to provide the needed data. There is a shortage of skilled and semi-skilled Labour in the country. The unemployment remains persistent among youth because most of them do not have the technical skills. The low level of literacy and educational attainment, as well as lack of modern training programme and facilities have hampered supply of relevant qualified skilled workforce for industrial and economic development. The Labour market currently faces an acute demand for really skilled and semi-skilled people in order to cope with the rapid pace of development of the country and to improve the Labour productivity. In order to define skills gaps and market needs within these vocations, reliable LMI system is needed. Currently, the existing data and documentation is not sufficient to provide the education/training planners with proper evidence on skill components for particular occupations. Therefore, collection of evidence-based and good quality data from the Labour market as well as its correct analysis are prerequisites for restructuring of training programme and reforming the technical education system.

Labour Market Intelligence Survey

Chapter 02



7

Generally, a need is felt to facilitate and train demand-driven graduates and diploma holders in the new emerging fields to over-come the shortage of skilled manpower within the country as well as to compete the oversea market. Various governments plan huge training programme to meet the shortage. The existing information system is not capable to provide the information/data about the emerging trades and occupations. To overcome this situation Labour market intelligence surveys have been planned to conduct in the emerging sectors such as Textile, Energy, Food Processing and Services. The textile industry being the backbone of Pakistan’s economy has been selected for the first such survey. In textile sector, Faisalabad is selected for the survey being the hub of textile industries in Pakistan. There are about 1127 textile factories in Faisalabad registered with Labour Department of Punjab. These factories consist of Spinning, Weaving, Dying and Readymade Garments etc. The products of these textiles factories are sold throughout country and exported aboard. The result of these surveys will be used for the following activities:

• ConductingtheLabourmarketintelligenceinemergingsectorsoftheeconomywillprovide information about the availably/shortage of trained manpower.

• SupporttoDevelopNOSSforthedemandedoccupationsbasedonthereportsofLabour market intelligence.

• SupporttobuildthecapacitywithinNAVTTC,TEVTAs,PVTCandotherstakeholdersto utilize the NOSS and introduce new disciplines in training institutes and schools.

• DevelopacompleteoccupationallistofeachinaccordancetoInternationalStandardClassification of Occupations (ISCO)

2.1 Objectives of Survey

The objectives of the Labour market intelligence survey is to enhance knowledge on Labour market trends, skill profiles, identify skill shortages, skill training needs, skills exceeding demand, and preferences/capacities of the employers. It would help to assess the needs of the market for demanded skills and would also prove helpful in selecting and designing skill specific curricula. The objectives of survey may be summarized as follow:

• CollectionofdatatodeterminegapbetweendemandandsupplyofskilledandSemi-skilled workers.

• Assessmentofqualityskillsinlabourmarket• Designmarketbasedtrainingneeds.• ProvidethebasicstatisticalinformationtodeveloptheNationalOccupationalSkills

Standards (NOSS) for the demanded occupations.• FacilitatingNAVTTC,TEVTAsandotherstakeholderstoutilizeNOSSandintroduce

new disciplines in the TEVTAs institutes and schools in the light of survey’s results.• EmploymentlevelandstructureinTextilesector.• Feedback to Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) in revising Pakistan Standard

Classification of Occupations (PASCO). Collection of data to determine gap between demand and supply of skilled and semi-skilled workers.

2.2 Beneficiaries of Survey

2.2.1 Private SectorThe businesses, industries, private sector and education providers are the major employer of the TVET graduates. It spends huge finances and time to attract and maintain skilled Labour. It will enjoy the ease of recruiting the best demand-driven skilled Labour from Labour markets. Also, the private sector education providers will be benefited from a regulated sector that will lead to sound competition among the rival schools and institutes. It will also increase their involvement in government policymaking and government strategies in education sector, unemployed youth and neglected populace: (i.e. the young graduates and basic level Labour and their families).

2.2.2 Public SectorNAVTTC, TEVTAs and PVTC need reliable data on demand side to prepare TVET reform policies and effective outcome of NSS. It will provide the institutional arrangement to have a reliable data on demand side and update information on changing in the occupational structure due to technological changes in the production techniques. The NAVTTC will also establish links with private sector through regulatory unit and sharing the priority areas information with private education and training providers.

Based on the current market demands and needs, the development and introduction of new trades/vocations will immensely contribute in the employability of the TVET graduates.

2.3 Methodology

There are two possible approaches to conduct the surveys. One is through the trade associations of the concerned sectors, Employer Federation of Pakistan (EFP), and Chamber of Commerce and Industries. Secondly, through specialized organizations such as Federal/Provincial Bureau of Statistics to conduct survey as they have expertise and trained staff. The GFA team under Component 3 had an opportunity to discuss the proposal with the Chamber of Commerce and APTMA Faisalabad. Both supported such survey and assured to cooperate fully in conducting the survey.

The Component 3 team also reviewed the other possibilities and contacted the Bureau of Statistics (BoS) Punjab to sort out the ways and means to conduct the first ever series of Labour Market Intelligence Surveys in Pakistan. The Bureau expressed his willingness to conduct such survey on cost through field staff engaged in CMI and other surveys. The Director General informed that the Bureau had trained staff, frequently visiting these establishments in order to conduct various surveys/information and also have trained staff and equipment for data processing. After evaluation of various options it was considered viable to conduct the survey through BOS Punjab as Bureau had expertise and trained staff for such surveys and had the capacity to complete the task within shorter time frame in a professional manner.

The major features of the sample design are described in this chapter. The primary objective of the sample design was to produce statistically reliable estimates for assessment of labour market need assessment in the textile sector, Faisalabad Punjab province is considered mother town of Textile sector of Pakistan. Therefore TWG considered since Faisalabad is one of the major textile producing city, therefore results of survey might represent the whole national textile sector. Sample design features included target sample size, sample allocation, sampling frame and listing, choice of domains and stratified sampling technique.



8 9

2.3.1 Questionnaire of SurveyThe Component 3 team designed a questionnaire and circulated among the local experts and other concerned institutions for their comments / suggestions. The inputs were received from Sindh and Punjab TEVTAs, PVTC, PBS and EFP. International Labour Organization (ILO) in Islamabad was also taken on board. All received inputs were reviewed and almost maximum suggestions were incorporated in the questionnaire and placed before Technical Working Group (TWG) a national forum to streamline and supervise the Skill Information System in the country under NAVTTC. The questionnaire was approved by the forum. A copy of the questionnaire is placed at appendix I.

2.3.2 UniverseAll manufacturing units of textile sector located in the Faisalabad district registered with the Labour Department Government of the Punjab under the industrial act 1934. According to BOS Punjab there were about 1127 manufacturing units of Textile Sector in Faisalabad district registered with Labour Department Punjab.

2.3.3 Target PopulationAll registered manufacturing units of textile sector in Faisalabad district were classified into seven subgroups1 i.e. Spinning of Textile Fabrics, Weaving of Textile Fabrics, Finishing of Textiles, Knitted & Crocheted Fabrics and Made-up Textiles Articles except Apparel, Other Textiles N.E.C and Weaving Apparel as per Pakistan Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC). Whereas at the second stage, each subgroup of the sector was divided into large and small types manufacturing units on the basis of average number of employees working. Small units describes the workers less than fifty and large units showing more than fifty employees working in the manufacturing units.

2.3.4 Sampling FrameSampling frame is a back bone for the probability sampling in the sample design of any survey. For the Labour market need assessment survey, a complete list of the registered manufacturing units of textile sector published by the BOS Punjab in the directory of registered factories for the year of 2012 was used. This directory is regularly updated by the BOS Punjab with the help of Labour Department, Government of the Punjab on annual basis.

2.3.5 Stratified Sampling MethodologyWhen sub-population vary considerably, it is advantageous to sample each sub population (stratum) independently. Stratification is the process of grouping members of the population into relatively homogeneous subgroups before sampling. The strata should be mutually exclusive: every element in the population must be assigned to only one stratum. The strata should also be collectively exhaustive: no population element can be excluded. Then random or systematic sampling is applied within each stratum. This often improves the representativeness of the sample by reducing sampling error. It can produce a weighted mean that has less variability than the arithmetic mean of a simple random sample of the population. For the survey, the sample design of stratified sampling technique was used for selecting the sample of textile manufacturing unit. The total textile manufacturing units in region were divided into seven sub-groups as per Pakistan Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC). Keeping in view controlling the variation among the subgroups of the textile sector each subgroup was treated as stratum. The subgroup/stratum is as under:

1 Classified according to Pakistan Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC) Rev.3.1

Subgroup/Stratum PSIC CodeSpinning of Textile Fabrics 1311

Weaving of Textile 1312

Finishing of Textiles 1313

Knitted & Crocheted Fabrics 1391

Made-up Textile Articles except Apparel 1392

Other Textiles N.E.C. 1399

Weaving Apparel 1430

2.3.6 Sample size and its AllocationKeeping in view of the variability for the characteristics for which estimates are to be prepared, cost, population distribution and main objectives of the survey, a sample of 287 manufacturing establishments has been considered appropriate to provide reliable estimates of population parameters within acceptable reliability limits. This sample size is capable to yield estimates of NSS related variables at 5% of level of significance at 50% prevalence rate and 5% of precision level. Coefficient of variation (CV) will be expected about 5%. The entire sample of establishments is drawn from 1127 textile units. The formula which was used to estimate the sample size is as follow:

n = n0 * N (n0 + (N - 1))

n0 = n2 * p (1 - p) e2

Where: a = level of significance p = prevalence rate e = precision level N = population sizen = sample size

For allocation of sample size the subgroups/stratum are further subdivided in to two groups according to the number of employees working in the Textile manufacturing units. Group1 for those Textile manufacturing units where less than 50 employees were working in the manufacturing units and group2 represents those Textile manufacturing units where 50 or more employees were working. The total sample size i.e. (287) is allocated among strata’s by using probability proportional to size.



Table 1 - Number of Textile Units and Sample Unit by Sub sector

Subgroup/Stratum

Manufacturing Units having employees

Sample Allocation

1-49 >49 Total units

1-49 >49 Total Sample

Spinning of Textile Fibers 46 66 112 12 17 29

Weaving of Textile Fabrics 466 87 553 119 22 141

Finishing of Textiles 179 72 251 46 18 64

Knitted & Crocheted Fabrics 60 20 80 15 5 20

Made-up Textile, Articles and Except Apparel 8 15 23 2 4 6

Other Textiles N.E.C. 17 5 22 3 2 5

Weaving Apparel 42 44 86 11 11 22

Total 818 309 1,127 208 79 287

Figure 1 - Distribution of Faisalabad Textile Units by Number of Employees

2.3.7 Procedure to Select Sample UnitManufacturing Units have been selected by using simple random sampling as list of all sample units was available in systematic manners.

The list of selected sample units is given at appendix-II

10 11

27.4%

72.4%

Units Having Employees 1-49

Units Having Employees >1-49

2.3.8 Training of EnumeratorsA two days comprehensive training programme was organized at Faisalabad to impart directly training to the field staff before starting the field operation. The questionnaire was discussed at length training sessions held with field enumerators. A Manual of Instructions for enumerators was also prepared containing concepts, definitions and terminology to be used in survey for guidance. The training programme was supervised by Director General Director, Data Analyst of BOS Punjab and Deputy Team leader of Component 3 GFA. The Consultants for report writing of this survey also attended the training sessions. Mock interviews were also conducted in training session to get more acquainted with questionnaire. Pilot testing of questionnaire was also carried out by different enumerators.

2.3.9 Data Collection and ManagementData was collected through face to face interview. Highly qualified Officers of Bureau of Statistics Punjab were assigned the responsibility as enumerators. On an average 20 manufacturing units were allocated to each officer. The data was collected during the period with effect from 3rd December.2013 to 10th December, 2013. The data collected thus was then arranged, tabulated, analyzed and presented in the required form by the team of BoS Punjab.

2.3.10 Limitation of SurveyThe survey of the textile industry was based on the establishments registered with Punjab Labour Department. However it is pointed out that there are a huge informal textile unit in Faisalabad which are run on family bases and employs large number of skilled and semi- skilled workers. These units have not been considered in sample frame which is limitation of survey.

2.3.11 Response of SurveySurvey Response The coverage of survey was highly encouraging. Out of 287 selected units 282 establishments has responded and provided the requisite information as per designed questionnaire. It works out 98+ percent coverage which is high level coverage even comparing with international standard.



12 13

Textile Industry of Pakistan

Chapter 03

Textiles is the most important manufacturing sector of Pakistan and has the longest production chain, with inherent potential for value addition at each stage of processing, from cotton to ginning, spinning, fabrics, processing, made ups and garments. The sector contributes nearly one fourth of industrial value added, provides employment to about 40% of industrial Labour force, and consumes more than 40% of banking credit to manufacturing sector and accounts for 8 percent GDP. Barring seasonal and cyclical fluctuations, textile products have maintained and average share of about 60 percent in national exports. However, despite being 4th largest producer and 3rd largest consumer of cotton globally, Pakistan comparative advantage is largely pre-empted by low value added exports as reflected in country’s 12th rank in world textiles export Pakistan is one of the largest cotton-producing countries of the world. The availability of cheap Labour and basic raw cotton as raw material for textile industry has played the pivotal role in growth of cotton textile industry in Pakistan.

3.1 Global Overview

International Statistics reported that the export of textile and clothing has shown some signs of recovery after the global financial meltdown in 2009 and export of textile and clothing trade has increased from US $ 602.2 billion in 2010 to US$ 706.0 billion in 2011 showing an increase of 17 percent. The exports of Pakistani textile and clothing has also shown positive signs as it increased from US$ 11.8 billion in 2010 to US$ 13.7 billion in 2011 with the increase of about 16 percent. However, in 2010 China became the major exporter of textiles, pushing the European Union into second place has increased its exports of textile and clothing by 20 percent in 2011. The European Union and the United States are the major markets for clothing, accounting for 45 percent and 21 percent respectively, of world imports.

3.2 Domestic Overview

Domestically Pakistan is facing the problems of shortage of electricity, gas and the deteriorating law and order situation. The unscheduled/scheduled load shedding along with increasing rates of gas and electricity have obstructed the viability of the textile industry as the exporters were unable to meet their commitments. In addition our exports confined to raw materials to the global textile buyers and the same raw material comes back to the domestic market in form of finished value-added textile product. The capacity utilization in textile sector is only 60 percent. There are some positive initiatives like the announcement of duty waiver on 75 products by the EU from November 15, 2012 which provided impetus to textile exports. Furthermore it is expected that GSP2 plus status operational in 2014, which will provide duty free access to EU market. The exporters would be able to boost the exports to EU particularly in textile. American buyers are also re-establishing links with Pakistan’s textile and clothing manufacturers.

3.3 Performance of Textile Industry

The textile industry of Pakistan has potential for performing better both in productions as well as in export by virtue of its inherent competitiveness in the international market for its conventional products. However, to sustain its position and to move in high value added products as well as for the increased market share, a large investment in machinery equipment and new technology is essential. The training of workers, improvement in Labour productivity, research & development, product diversification and branding are the immediate areas for companies to focus.

2 Generalized Scheme of Preferences Plus



3.4 Skilled Manpower in Textile Sector

The textile sector employs 45% of overall Labour force with 40% of manufacturing workers employed under textile sector. The annual requirement for trained manpower in the textile manufacturing sector is supposed to be 135,0003 per annum. The present availability of trained manpower in the textile sector is reported to about 10,000 per annum. Thus there appears a huge gap between demand and supply. Limited availability of trained technical staff to maintain and run machinery at full efficiency is reported to be constrained in the development of Pakistan’s textile industry. This shortfall is partly due to a lack of technical education facilities.

To meet the shortfall in skilled Labour force of the sector, the Government of Pakistan, has initiated Skill Development Programme for Textile Industry (SDPTI) through textile policy 2009 - 2014 which envisages the following programme.

• Infrastructuraldevelopment(throughGarmentcities)• Technologyupgradation(throughTUfundscheme)• HRD(throughskilldevelopmentoftextilevaluechain)

The Textile policy envisages for comprehensive skill development programme to ensure a consistent supply of highly skilled and efficient human resources to textile industry, with the aim to improve supply of skilled Labour on mass scale. The TEVTAs have also started different training courses at different levels to enhance the availability of trained manpower to the textile sector. The diploma courses started by TEVTAs are in Textile Weaving Technology, Printing & Graphic Arts, Textile Spinning, Dress Designing & Making and certificate courses in Dying and Bleaching, Fitter Textile, Dress Making, Tailoring, Dress Designing & Making and Fabric Printing etc.

3.5 Textile Industry in Faisalabad

After independence with the capabilities of entrepreneurs and government support, a city which was basically an Agro-based industrial city with original base of power looms and textile processing, have grown up to the largest textile manufacturing centre in Pakistan. Textile is the life blood of Faisalabad’s economy, a big portion of Faisalabad population is attached directly or indirectly to the textile sector. After observing the current growth pattern of industrialization, it is safely predicted, that establishing of industry by the investors/ entrepreneurs, in Faisalabad, is a highly plausible, profitable and environmentally convenient economic activity.

The textile industries of this region have been selected for the first Labour Market Intelligent Survey due to its lions share in the sector. In Faisalabad 1127 units are registered with Punjab Department of Labour by June, 2012. The largest number of units is working with Weaving sectors and lowest in Other Textiles N.E.C that is 553 and 22 respectively. According to employment level only 27.4 percent are having more than 49 employees, whereas, rest of 72.6% establishments are having less than 49 employees.

Registered manufacturing unit of textile sector in 2012 has been used as a universe for the survey. The size of the manufacturing units by number of employees i.e. 1-49 (Small) and >49 (Large) for the sub groups of the textile sector is given in table-2.

3 Pakistan Economic Survey 2013-14

14 15

Table 2 - Establishment by Sub sector and Employment Level

Sub Sector Establishments Employment Level# % 1-49 >49

Spinning 112 10.0 46 66

Weaving 553 49.0 466 87

Finishing 251 22.3 179 72

Knitted & Crocheted 80 7.1 60 20

Made-up Articles 23 2.0 8 15

Other Textiles N.E.C. 22 2.0 17 5

Weaving Apparel 86 7.6 42 44

Total 1127 100.0 818 309

The above data reveals that largest share in the sector is that of Weaving of Textile Fabrics which constitutes 49% of the total units. The second largest share is that of Finishing which represents 22.3% the units. The third notable share is that of Spinning of Textile Fabrics which is 10%.The share of these three sub-sectors in the total textile units in Faisalabad District is about 81%, while the remaining 19% share is enjoyed by the remaining four sub sectors.

Figure 2- Distribution of Units by Sub sector

Spinning

Weaving

Finishing

Knitted & Crocheted

Made-up Articles

Other Textiles N.E.C

Weaving Apparel

49.0%

22.3%

7.1%

2.0%2.0%

7.6% 10.0%



16 17

Results of Survey Establishment ProfileChapter 04



4.1 Year of Establishment

A question was included in the questionnaire to have information that regarding year in which the unit was established. The data reveals that out of 282 sample unit, 118 units (41.4%) were established up to 1995. Therefore the year 1995 was taken as a bench mark to analyze the growth in employment and expansion in units etc. During eighteen years period(1995 to 2013), the manufacturing units increased by 164 (139%). The increase over five years interval i.e.; during 1996-2000 was 37 units (13.1%) during 2001-2005, 44 units (15.6%) during 2006-2010, 51 units (18%) and 2011-13 the increase was 32 units (11.3%).

Figure 3- Growth of Textile Industry from 1996-2013

The highest number of units was established during the period 2006-2010 (51 units).It was time when there was a political stability in the country and foreign loan and aid was coming to Pakistan due to Government support to NATO in Afghanistan. The less number of units (37 units) were established during 1995-99 which was a period of political instability in Pakistan. The growth in textile industry was also reasonable during 2011-13 (32) as the data pertains to three year period only. The overall growth in the textile manufacturing units in Faisalabad district comes to 164 units over 18 years period or 139% over 1995.The annual growth rate works out to be 7.7% during the period 1996-2013.

4.1.1 Year of Establishment by Sub sector The highest increase of 281% was observed in Weaving sub sector and the lowest in Spinning and Other Textile sub sectors, which was 33.3% and 52.5% respectively. Hundred percent of the Knitted & Crocheted Fabrics were added during this period. It indicates that textile industry was moving towards value addition and shifting from Spinning to other value added sub sectors of textile - Knitted & Crocheted. Summary data is given in table -3

18 19

118

155

Upto 1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013

199

No. of Units

250282

Table 3 - Increase in Establishments from June 1995 to June 2013

Sub Sector As on June 1995

As on June 2013

Increase Percentage Increase

Numbers Numbers Numbers Total Annual Average

Spinning 21 28 7 33.3 1.9

Weaving 37 141 104 281.1 15.6

Finishing 40 61 21 52.5 2.9

Knitted & Crocheted 0 4 4

Made-up Articles 9 22 13 144.4 8.0

Other Textiles N.E.C. 2 3 1 50.0 2.8

Weaving Apparel 9 23 14 155.6 8.6

Total 118 282 164 139.0 7.7

The growth on annual basis in establishments by sub sectors during 18 years period given in the above table indicates highest growth was in the sub sector of weaving which were 15.6% and the lower of 1.9% in Spinning sub sector. The annual average growth in the sub sector of Made up Articles and Weaving Apparel was 8% and 8.6% respectively. The overall annual average growth comes to 7.7%. The above table further indicates that despite lot of problems in Pakistan like shortage of electricity, gas, finances and trained manpower and in addition quota restrictions against Pakistani exports, the industry was still growing at rate of 7.7% which was higher than other sectors of the economy.

Figure 4- Annual Average Growth of Textile Industry by Sub sector

1.9

15.6

2.9

Spinning Weaving Finishing Made-upArticles

OtherTextilesN.E.C

WearingApparel

Total

8.0

2.8

8.6

Annual Growth (%)

7.7



20 21

4.2 Registration of Establishments

The universe of survey was taken from 1127 textile units registered with Labour Department Government of Punjab up to June 2012. The registration with Labour Department Punjab is a conditional to the strength of Labour in a factory. If number of employees in any establishment drops less than 10 employees then the establishment gets delisted their units from the Government to avoid payment of social security and other levies. It happened during 2013, due to shortage of power and gas; some of units reduced their manpower and got delisted from Labour Department Punjab. Due to above reasons, during the survey period, out of 282 units surveyed, 36 units (12.8%) delisted themselves and 246 units (87.2%) remained registered with different Government Department for different purposes up to June 2013.

Figure 5- Units Registered and De-listed with Labour Department

Out of total 36 units which were not registered, the highest number of 27 units (75%) was in Weaving sub sector followed by Finishing of Textile 4 units (11%), Knitted & Crocheted Fabrics 2 units (5.6%), Spinning, Other Textile N.E.C and Weaving Apparel sub sector one unit (2.8%) each. However, all the units of Made-up Textile Articles were 100% registered. Overall most of units were registered as shown in Table – 4

Table 4 - Units Registered and Un- registered by Sub sector

Sub sector Total Units Registered units

De-listed units*

Percentage of De-Listed

Spinning 28 27 1 3.6

Weaving 141 114 27 19.1

Finishing 61 57 4 6.5

Knitted & Crocheted 22 20 2 9.1

Made-up Articles 3 3 0 0

Other Textiles N.E.C. 4 3 1 25.0

Weaving Apparel 23 22 1 4.30

Total 282 246 36 12.8

• De-listedunitsduring2012-13

87.2%

12.8%

Registered Units

Delisted during 2012-13

4.2.1 Registration with Trade AssociationsOut of total 282 surveyed units, 200 units (70.9%) were registered with different Trade Associations while 82 units (29.1%) were not registered with any Trade Association.

Figure 6- Registrations with Trade Associations

4.3 Corporate Status of Establishments

The corporate (legal) status of establishments was also determined. The legal status of surveyed units indicated that 77% of the units were privately owned while 22% of the units were private limited companies and only 1% of unit enjoyed the status of public limited companies. It reveals that textile sector is dominated by family enterprise and reluctant to corporatize the business. It is one of the reasons of low productivity, sustainability and collection of taxes.

Figure 7 – Percentage of Establishments by Corporate Status

Units registered with Trade Association

Private owned

Not registered with Trade Association

Private Limited

Public Limited

29.1%

22.3%

1.1%

70.9%

76.6%



22 23

Table 5 - Corporate Status of Establishments by Sub sector

Sub sector Total Private Owned

Private Ltd

Public Ltd

Spinning 28 14 14 0

Weaving 141 126 14 1

Finishing 61 41 18 2

Knitted & Crocheted 22 15 7 0


Other Textiles N.E.C. 4 3 1 0

Weaving Apparel 23 15 8 0

Total 282 216 63 3

4.3.1 Corporate Status of Establishments by Sub sectorOut of 216 private owned units, highest number of units was in Weaving sub sector (58%) and the lowest in Made-up Textile Articles (1%). In private limited units the highest number of units was in Finishing (29 %) and lowest in Made up Textile Articles and Other Textile N.E.C (2%) each. Out of three public limited companies two companies were in Finishing (66.7%) and one company in Weaving sub sector (33.3%). It reveals that the corporate culture has not properly developed in Pakistan and business were being run as family enterprises which is one of the major factor of low productivity and low tax collection in the textile industry. To encourage corporate culture for improving sectoral efficiencies, it is required that government may introduce some monetary and fiscal incentives to the Textile Industry. The status of establishments by percentages is summarized in table-6.

Table 6 - Distribution of Establishment by Sub sector and Corporate Status (%)

Sub sector Total Private Owned

Private Ltd

Public Ltd

Spinning 10.0 6.5 22.2 0

Weaving 50.0 58.3 22.2 33.3

Finishing 21.6 19.0 28.6 66.7

Knitted & Crocheted 7.8 6.9 11.1 0

Made-up Articles 1.1 0.9 1.6 0

Other Textiles N.E.C. 1.4 1.4 1.6 0

Weaving Apparel 8.1 6.9 12.7 0

Total 100 100 100 100

4.3.2. Corporate Status within each Sub sectorSub sector wise analysis of data indicates that more than 50% of the units in each sub sector were privately owned units. While highest percentages of private owned units were in Weaving sub sector (89%). Private Limited status was enjoyed highest by 50% in Spinning and the lowest 10% by Weaving sub sector. The Public Limited status was the highest in Finishing of Textiles (3%) followed by Weaving (1%) and none in the remaining five sub sectors.

Table 7 - Percentage Distribution of by Corporate Status by Sub sector

Sub sector Private Owned

Private Ltd

Public Ltd

Spinning 50.0 50.0 0

Weaving 89.4 9.9 0.7

Finishing 67.2 29.5 3.3

Knitted & Crocheted 68.2 31.8 0

Made-up Articles 66.7 33.3 0

Other Textiles N.E.C. 75.0 25.0 0

Weaving Apparel 65.2 34.8 0

Total 76.6 22.3 1.1

4.4 Capacity Utilization

4.4.1 Work Status of Establishments (Seasonal and All Time)Out of 1127 registered textile units in Faisalabad, 287 units were selected for Labour Market Intelligence Survey representing each sub-sector of textile industry. However 5 units did not respond therefore, the sample size was reduced to 282 units. Out of the total 282 sample units 274 units were working on all time bases while 8 units were working on seasonal basis. Out of 8 seasonal units, 5 units were in Weaving sub sector, 2 in Spinning and one in Knitted & Crocheted Fabrics sub sector. These seasonal units may be working for meeting additional requirement of Other Apparel manufacturing units for local and international cloth market demand on order basis. However, the textile industry of Faisalabad District is predominantly working on all season bases (97.2%), with seasonal units of only 2.8%.

Table 8 - Number & Percentage by Work Status

Sub sector Total Seasonal All TimeNumbers % Numbers %

Spinning 28 2 7.1 26 92.9

Weaving 141 5 3.5 136 96.5

Finishing 61 0 0 61 100

Knitted & Crocheted 22 1 4.5 21 95.5

Made-up Articles 3 0 0 3 100

Other Textiles N.E.C. 4 0 0 4 100

Weaving Apparel 23 0 0 23 100

Total 282 8 2.8 274 97.2



24 25

4.4.2 Capacity Utilization (Number of Shifts Running)The capacity utilization of the textile industry of Faisalabad as a whole is much lower than the international standard which is one of the major factor of low capital output ratio and higher cost of production than the regional competitors such as India, China, and Sri Lanka. The main cause of low capacity utilization is mainly due to shortage of electricity and gas which are major input for textile industry. The survey result reveals that out of 282 sample units only 39 were running on three shifts, 175 on two shifts and 68 units were running on single shift basis.

Figure 8 - Percentage Shifts Running in Establishments

4.4.3 Capacity Utilization by Sub sectorThe survey result further indicates that capacity utilization of Spinning units was higher than the other sub sectors as 50% of Spinning units were working on three shifts, 40% on two shifts and 10% on single shift basis. The capacity utilization of Weaving, Finishing and Manufacturing of Other Textile N.E.C were moderate as more than 50% of these units were working on two shifts basis. The capacity utilization of Manufacturing of Knitted and Crocheted Fabrics and Weaving Apparel sub sector were the lowest as more than 70% of these units were working on single shift basis. Based on above data the average capacity utilization for the Textile industry works out to 62%. This is comparable with 60% capacity utilization of textile industry of Pakistan as given in Economic Survey of Pakistan 2012-13.

Table 9 - Number and Percentage of Shifts in Establishments by Sub sector

Sub sector Shift Running1 2 3

Number % Number % Number %Spinning 3 10.7 11 39.3 14 50.0

Weaving 11 7.8 121 85.8 9 6.4

Finishing 17 27.9 37 60.7 7 11.5

Knitted & Crocheted 17 77.3 1 4.5 4 18.2

Made-up Articles 1 33.3 1 33.3 1 33.3

Other Textiles N.E.C. 1 25.0 2 50.0 1 25.0

Weaving Apparel 18 78.3 2 8.7 3 13.0

One Shift

Two Shifts

Three Shifts

22.3%1.1%

76.6%

Figure 9 - Number of Shifts Running by Sub sector

100

80

60

40

20

0Spinning Weaving Finishing Made-up

ArticlesKitted &

CrochetedOther

TextilesN.E.C

WearingApparel

1 Shift

Percentage

2 Shifts

3 Shifts



26 27

Demand and Supply Analysis of Skilled Workers

Chapter 05

5.1 Number of Total Employees

In survey a question was asked about total number of skilled and semi-skilled workers at start of production (up to 1995) of sample units and as on June 2013. It was reported that the total number of employees of 282 sample units at time of start of production were 16,904 which increased to 36,053 as on June 2013. The increase in employment has been estimated as 19,140 workers. The percentage increase worked out as 113% over the period of 18 years (1996-2013).

5.1.1 Total Number of Employees by Sub sectorSub sector wise number of employees at start of production of units and as on June 2013 is given in table-10. According to this table the highest number of increase was reported in Spinning sub sector and lowest number of increase in Other Textile N.E.C. which was 9,710 and minus 5 respectively. In percentage terms the highest increase was observed in Knitted and Crocheted sub sector which was 458.7 % and the lowest growth was estimated in Other Textiles N.E.C, where it was negative by 1.1%. Spinning sub sector increased by 245.1%, Weaving and Made up Articles has registered more than 100% growth.

Table 10 - Percentage Increase in Employees from 1995 to 2013 by Sub sector

Sub sector Employees % ChangeAs on June, 1995

As on June, 2013

Increase Total Annual Average

Spinning 3,961 13,671 9,710 245.1 13.6

Weaving 3,460 8,080 4,620 133.5 7.4

Finishing 6,104 8,144 2,040 33.4 1.9

Knitted & Crocheted 395 2,207 1,812 458.7 25.5

Made-up Articles 207 497 290 140.1 7.8

Other Textiles N.E.C. 476 471 -5 -1.1 -0.1

Weaving Apparel 2,301 2,983 682 29.6 1.6

Total 16,904 36,053 19,149 113.3 6.3

5.2 Percentage Increase in Employees by Skills

A comparison of employees by status of skill as on start of production and as on June, 2013 is summarized in table -12 which indicates that total increase during this time period was 113% whereas the highest increase was observed in admin and gen. workers which was 132%. The increase in semi-skilled workers was 113%. The increase in skilled workers was 86% which was the lowest.



28 29

Table 11 - Percentage Increase in Employees from 1995 to 2013 by status of work

Works Status Employees % ChangeAs on June, 1995

As on June, 2013


Admin &Gen. Workers 1,894 4,391 2,497 131.8 7.3

Skilled Workers 1,264 2,351 1,087 86.0 4.8

Semi-skilled Workers 13,746 29,311 15,565 113.2 6.3

Total 16,904 36,053 19,149 113.3 6.3

It appears that employers have adopted modern management techniques instead of depending on traditional techniques of management resulting into highest increase in admin& gen. workers. Lowest increase in skilled workers can be attributed to the efficiency of Labour resulting into higher labour productivity. Comparatively higher increase of semi-skilled workers over skilled workers reflects that the entrepreneurs preferred on the job training of semi-skilled workers. It also indicated that employers were not interested in employing skilled workers from market and employed unskilled and semi-skilled workers and trained them on job.

5.2.1 Present Composition of Employees by SkillOut of 36,053 employees of sample units of textile industry of Faisalabad, 81.3% employees were semi-skilled, 12.2% comprised admin & gen. workers and skilled workers comprised 6.5% of the total employees. The percentage of skilled workers of 6.5% of total employees favourably compares with India where this ratio is only 5%. That is why India is pursuing very aggressive training programme to overcome the acute shortage of skilled workers in textile Industry.

Figure 10- Composition of Employees by Skills in Percentage

Admin & General Workers

Skilled Workers

Semi-Skilled Workers

81.3%

11.2%

7.5%

5.3 Composition of Employees by Skills

The composition of total employees at start of production and as on June 2013 is compared in table-12 below:

Table 12 - Composition of Employees by Skills

Employees in 1995 Employees in 2013Admin& Gen. Workers 11.2 12.2

Skilled Workers 7.5 6.5

Semi-skilled Workers 81.3 81.3

Total 100 100

According to above the distribution there was no visible change in composition of employees over this time period. One percent increase has been observed in admin & gen. workers which has slightly increased from 11.2% to 12.2% over this time period. It is a matter of concern that one basis point decrease has been observed in the skilled workers, while, there was no change at all in semi-skilled workers. This position reflects that there has been almost no change in the composition of Labour by skill in textile industry of Faisalabad.

It is an alarming situation for the training institutions, skill development organizations and policy makers. They may analyze and review the situation for improvement other wise it will be difficult for the industry to be competitive in the world market with out improvement in the required skills.

Figure 11 - Composition of Employees by Skills


Employee (Up to June 1995)

Employeeat June 2013

11.2

12.2

7.5

81.3

81.3

6.5

Skilled Workers

Semi-SkilledWorkers



5.4 Employees by Status

There are three status of employees in the textile industry i.e., Regular, Temporary/Daily wages and Contract employees. The data collected regarding category of employees is summarized in the following table.

Table 13 - Change in Employees by status over 1995

Employees % changeAs on June, 1995

As on June, 2013


Regular Employees 9,402 25,731 16,329 173.7 9.6

Temporary/Daily wages

5,289 8,375 3,086 58.3 3.2

On Contract 2,213 1,947 -266 -12.0 -0.7

Total 16,904 36,053 19,149 113.3 6.3

According to the above table the highest percentage increase since start of production (up to the year 1995) and as on June, 2013 was in the category of regular employees which was about 173.7% followed by temporary/daily wages employees which increased by 58.0%. The lowest increase was observed in Contract employees which was negative by 12.0%. It indicates that retention of skilled workers has increased and employers were depending more on regular employees rather than temporary/daily wages and contract employees. It also indicates that working conditions of workers has improved in the textile industry as majority of workers were in the category of regular employees. This situation leads to the conclusion that in order to retain the skilled workers, employers were offering them regular jobs. It further reveals that employers do not want to lose the skilled workers

Figure 12 - Composition of Employees by Status in 1995 and 2013

30 31

Total 36053

25731

9402

16904

1947

2213

8375

5289

On Contract

Temporary/Daily Wages

Regular Employees

Employee (Up to June 1995) Employee at June 2013

5.4.1 Composition of Employees by StatusThe proportion of regular employees at start of production of the units was 55.6% which increased to 71.4% by June 2013. The share of temporary/daily wages employees decreased from 31.3% to 23.2%. A drastic change was observed in case of contract employees’ share which decreased from 13.1% in 1995 to 5.4% only in 2013. It reflects that the textile industry was undergoing structural changes in employment. Summarized data is given at table – 14.

Table 14 - Composition of Employees by Status as on June, 1995 and 2013

As on June, 1995 As on June, 2013Regular Employees 55.6 71.4

Temporary/Daily wages 31.3 23.2

On Contract 13.1 5.4

Total 100.0 100.0

5.5 Employment Structure by Sub sector

Total number of workers reported in survey as on June, 2013 were 36,053 employees, in 282 sample units. Out of these workers the highest number of workers was in Spinning followed by Finishing, Weaving, Weaving Apparel, Knitted & Crocheted, Made up Articles and the lowest in Other Textile N.E.C sub sector. It may be noted that the Spinning sub sector constituted only 9.9% of the textile industrial units but it absorbed 37.9% of the total Labour of the sector meaning thereby Spinning was still a Labour intensive enterprise. In case of Weaving the situation was altogether different, as it had the largest share in the industry of 50% while the Labour absorbed by it was only 22.4%. It indicated that Weaving was comparatively a capital intensive sub sector. The percentage share of workers in other Sub sector was nearly equal to that of their share in the industry. Summarized data is given in table-15.

Table 15 - Employment by Sub sector as on June, 2013

Sub sector No. of Units Percentage Share

No. of Employees

Percentage Share

Spinning 28 9.9 13,671 37.9

Weaving 141 50.0 8,080 22.4

Finishing 61 21.6 8,144 22.6

Knitted & Crocheted 22 7.8 2,207 6.1

Made-up Articles 3 1.1 497 1.4

Other Textiles N.E.C. 4 1.4 471 1.3

Weaving Apparel 23 8.2 2,983 8.3

Total 282 100.0 36,053 100.0



Figure 13 - Employment by Sub sector as on June 2013 (%)

5.5.1 Average Number Employees by Sub sectorThe total number of sample units was 282 and total number of skilled and semi-skilled workers employed in these units were 36,053, resulting average number of employees per unit of 128 workers. The highest average number of workers employed in a unit was in spinning sector (488 employees) and lowest average number of employees was in weaving sector (57 workers). The lowest per unit average employment in weaving sector indicates the use of technically advanced machinery. The average per unit employment in other sub sectors was more than 100 workers. Summary of data is given in table-16.

Table 16 - Employees per Unit of Sub sector as on June 2013

Sub sector No. Units No. of Employees Employees per UnitSpinning 28 13,671 488

Weaving 141 8,080 57

Finishing 61 8,144 134

Knitted & Crocheted 22 2,207 100

Made-up Articles 3 497 166

Other Textiles N.E.C. 4 471 118

Weaving Apparel 23 2,983 130

Total 282 36,053 128

Figure 14 - Average number of Employees per Unit of Sub sector as on June 2013

32 33

Spinning

Spinning

488

57 134 100

166118 130 128

9.9

37.9

50

22.4 22.6

6.11.4 1.4

8.2

1.3

8.3

21.6

7.81.1

Weaving

Weaving

Finishing

Finishing

Made-upArticles

Made-upArticles

Kitted & Crocheted

Kitted & Crocheted

OtherTextilesN.E.C

OtherTextilesN.E.C

WearingApparel

WearingApparel

Total

Percentage Share of Units Percentage Share of Employees

Average number of Employees per unit

5.6 Distribution of Workers by Status of Work as on June 2013

The status of employed workers was classified as regular, temporary/ daily wages and on contract bases in survey. The workers are employed on temporary/daily wage and on contract, if the order/load of work was more than the estimated/projected load of work. In some cases the work was normally awarded on contract and temporary/ daily wages. Such practices were common in manufacturing of Weaving Apparel.

According to survey, 71.4% of skilled and semi-skilled employees were employed on regular, 23.2% temporary/daily wages and 5.4% on contract basis. It indicates that manufactures has regular supply order and to meet the supply orders by manufacturing in house rather than employing contract or daily wages employees.

Figure 15 - Percentage Distribution of Employees by Category of Job as on June 2013

5.7 Status of Employees by Sub sector (as of June 2013)

The data collected on employment by status of employees by sub sector is summarized in table-17.

Table 17 - Percentage of Total Employees by Status of Work as on June, 2013

Sub sector Regular Temporary/Daily wages On ContractSpinning 74.6 25.0 0.4

Weaving 66.3 16.2 17.5

Finishing 87.4 12.1 0.5


Made-up Articles 93.8 6.2 0

Other Textiles N.E.C. 90.0 7.4 2.5

Weaving Apparel 32.2 53.5 14.2

Total 71.4 23.2 5.4

Regular Employees

Temporary /Daily Wages

On Contract

23.2%

5.4%

71.4%



The highest percentage of regular employees were in sub sector of manufacturing of Made-up Textile Articles except Apparel and lowest in sub sector of Weaving Apparel which were 93.8% and 32,2% respectively. In the category of temporary/daily wages the highest number of 53.5% was in sub sector of manufacturing of Weaving Apparel and lowest percentage 6.2% were in sub sector of manufacturing of Made-up Textile Articles except Apparel. The highest percentage of 17.5% of contract employees was in Weaving and the lowest 0.4% in Spinning sub sector. In Knitted & Crocheted and Made up Articles there were no contract employees.

5.8 Employees by Skill and by Sub sector

The highest percentage of skilled manpower was reported in Weaving sub sector of textile which was 12.5% of the total employees and the lowest percentage of skilled manpower was reported in manufacturing of Other Textile N.E.C which was 0.6% of the employees of the sub sector. The highest percentage of admin and gen. workers was in manufacturing of Made-up Textile Articles except Apparel which constituted 22.3% of the total employment in that sub sector and the lowest in Other Textile N.E.C. reported to be 9.3%. On the other hand the highest percentage (90%) of semi-skilled workers was reported in Other Textile N.E.C. and the lowest percentage (70%) of semi- skilled workers was reported in Made up Articles.

Table 18 - Percentage of Employees by Skill and Sub sector as on June, 2013

Sub sector Admin & Gen. Workers Skilled Workers Semi-skilled WorkersSpinning 10.2 5.3 84.4

Weaving 12.4 12.5 75.1

Finishing 10.6 5.6 83.8

Knitted & Crocheted 16.0 1.8 82.3

Made-up Articles 22.3 7.7 70.0



Total 12.2 6.5 81.3

Figure 16 - Percentage of Employees by skill and Sub sector as on June, 2013

34 35


Kitted & Crocheted

OtherTextilesN.E.C

WearingApparel

Total

Semi-Skilled Workers Admin & Gen Workers Skilled Workers

84.4

10.2

5.3

83.8

10.6

5.6

82.3

16

1.8

70

22.3 20.9

2.67.7

90

9.3

0.6

76.6 81.3

12.2

6.5

75.1

12.4

12.5

5.9 Skilled/Semi-skilled Employees by Gender

The manufacturing sector of Pakistan is generally a male dominating. Likewise the survey results also indicate that 94.6% employees were male and only 5.4% were female. Graphical presentation of data is given at figure-18.

Figure 17 - Percentage Distribution of Skilled and Semi-skilled Workers by Gender

Out of total of 31,662 skilled & semi-skilled workers, male employees were 29,956 comprising of 94.6% of the total strength. In Other Textile N.E.C Sub sector about 100% employees were male and this sector did not employ any female worker. By sub sector, highest percentage of female skilled & semi-skilled worker was in Weaving Apparel sub sector (25.4%) followed by Knitted & Crocheted (7.6%) and Spinning (5.7%).

Most of these female workers were working in Spinning and Weaving Apparel sub sector which were 707 and 600 respectively. The manufacturing of Made-up Textile Articles except Apparel had employed only three female workers. There were no female workers reported in Other Textiles N.E.C sub sector. The sub sector-wise detail is given in table-19

Table 19 - Share of Female Employees by Sub sector

Sub sector FemaleNumber % Share

Spinning 707 41

Weaving 180 11

Finishing 74 4

Knitted & Crocheted 142 8

Made-up Articles 3 0

Other Textiles N.E.C. 0 0

Weaving Apparel 600 35

Total 1,706 100

Male

Female

94.6%

5.4%



The above table further indicates that highest percentage of female skilled and Semi-skilled employees were in Spinning sub sector (41%) followed by Weaving Apparel (35%), Weaving (11%) and Knitted & Crocheted (8%).

Figure 18 - Percentage Distribution of Skilled and Semi-skilled Female Employees by Sub sector

Table 20 - Skilled/Semi-skilled Employees by Gender and Sub sector

Sub sectorSkilled and Semi-skilled Employees by Gender

Male Female Total SampleNumber % Number %

Spinning 11,564 94.3 707 5.7 12,271

Weaving 6,900 97.5 180 2.5 7,080

Finishing 7,208 99.0 74 1.0 7,282

Knitted & Crocheted 1,713 92.3 142 7.6 1,855

Made-up Articles 383 99.2 3 0.8 386

Other Textiles N.E.C. 427 100 0 0 427

Weaving Apparel 1,761 74.6 600 25.4 2,361

Total 29,956 94.6 1,706 5.4 31,662

Figure 19 - Percentage Distribution of Skilled and Semi-skilled Female Employees by Sub sector

36 37

Spinning

707

180

74 142

3 0

600

Weaving Finishing Made-upArticles

Kitted & Crocheted

OtherTextilesN.E.C

WearingApparel

Number

42%

35%

8%

4% 11%

Spinning

Weaving

Finishing

Knitted & Crocheted

Made-up Articles


Weaving Apparel

5.10 Skilled Employee’s Status by Qualification

In sample survey a questions was also asked about the number of workers qualified from public and private training organizations by gender. The result of analysis indicated that out of 31,662 skilled & semi-skilled workers only 1,262 employees were qualified from private and public training institutes which were only 4% of total skilled and semi-skilled workers. The highest percentage of qualified employees were reported in Made-up Articles except Apparel sub sector and the lowest in Other Textiles N.E.C which was 9.8% and 0.7%, respectively. On the average 4.5 workers qualified from public and private institutions were employed in each unit. The sub sector wise details of qualified employees are given in table-21.

Table 21 - Number and Percentage of Total and Qualified Employees by Sub sector

Sub sector No. of Employees

Qualified EmployeesPublic Private Total TVET

Qualified%

Spinning 12,271 512 2 514 4.2

Weaving 7,080 262 63 321 4.5

Finishing 7,282 281 25 306 4.2

Knitted & Crocheted 1,855 39 0 43 2.3

Made-up Articles 386 32 6 38 9.8

Other Textiles N.E.C. 427 3 0 3 0.7

Weaving Apparel 2,361 35 2 37 1.6

Total 31,662 1,164 98 1,262 4

Figure 20 - Percentage Share of Qualified Employees by Sub sector

4%

4.5%4.2%

9.8%

0.7%1.6%

2.3%

4%


Kitted & Crocheted

OtherTextilesN.E.C

WearingApparel

Total



5.11 Employees by Source of Skill and Gender

In Pakistan private sector has also established technical training institutions along with public sector institutes. To analyze the impact of private and public sectors institutions on technical training pertaining to textile sector, a question was asked about source of training from public or private training organization. According to result of survey out of 1,262 qualified employees only 98 employees were trained from private sector institutes which were only 7.8% and the rest got training from public sector institutions. The details are given in table-22.

Table 22 - Source of Education by Gender

Training Organizations Male Female Total Public Sector 1,095 69 1,164

Private Sector 96 2 98

TOTAL 1,191 71 1,262% Share of private training organization 8.0 2.8 7.8

Out of 31,662 skilled and semi-skilled employees only 1,262 employees were qualified from private and public training organizations which constituted 4 % of total skilled & semi-skilled workers. Out of 1,262 qualified employees females comprised 71 (5.6%) and male were 1,193 (94.5%) The qualified female workers were 0.2% of the total skilled and Semi-skilled employees and male were 3.8%.

The survey results reveals that qualified male from public and private training organizations were 1,191 out of total 29,956 skilled and semi-skilled workers which was 4%.The highest number of qualified male employees were working in Made-up Articles except Apparel sub sector which was 9.8%. The qualified male employees were also working in Spinning, Weaving and Finishing sub sectors which were 4.2%, 4.5% and 4.2% respectively, of employees working in those sub sectors.

In sample units the qualified female were only 71 out of 1,706 female employees which was 4.2%.The highest number of qualified female workers was working in Spinning, Weaving and Finishing sub sector with percentage of 6.4%,8.9% and 8.1%, respectively. The share of qualified female in other sub sectors was almost zero. The summary data is given in table-23

38 39

Table 23 - Qualified Employees by Gender and Sub sector

Sub sector Qualified Employees

No.

of

Em

plo

yees

Qua

lified

E

mp

loye

es

Per

cent

age

No.

of

Em

plo

yees

Qua

lified

E

mp

loye

es

Per

cent

age

Spinning 11,564 469 4.1 707 45 6.4

Weaving 6,900 305 4.4 180 16 8.9

Finishing 7,208 300 4.2 74 6 8.1

Knitted & Crocheted 1,713 43 2.5 142 0 0

Made-up Articles 383 38 9.9 3 0 0

Other Textiles N.E.C. 427 3 0.7 0 0 0

Weaving Apparel 1,761 33 1.9 600 4 0.7

Total 29,956 1,191 4.0 1,706 71 4.2

5.12 Skilled Workers from Informal Sources

The survey results reveal that out of 30,400 trained workers, 80.7% were trained through Ustadi-Shagirdi (which refers as informal training of workers having no formal education, by a skilled workers by imparting practical training only in informal sector) 16.1% workers had got on the job training in establishments. Training through family trade was obtained by 2.2% workers and only 0.1% of the skilled workers had got training through apprenticeship in compliance Law. Almost same trend existed for male. But in case of female 57.4% were trained through on the job training by establishments, 36.9% through Ustadi – Shagridi, 3.2% through family trade and 0.6% through apprenticeship in compliance of law. This indicates that most popular system of training was still a traditional system of Ustadi-Shagirdi and on the job training. It appears public and private training institutions were not able to meet the demand of the textile sector by providing well trained skilled workers. Summary data is given in table -24

Table 24 - Skilled Workers by Informal Source and by Gender

Type of Training Male Female TotalNo. % No % No %

Ustadi-Shagirdi 23,953 83.2 591 36.9 24,544 80.7

Family Trade 605 2.1 51 3.2 656 2.2

On Job Training by Establishment

3,975 13.8 920 57.4 4,895 16.1

Apprenticeship in Compliance Law

258 0.9 9 0.6 267 0.9

Any Other Source 6 0.0 32 2.0 38 0.1

Total 28,797 100.0 1,603 100.0 30,400 100.0

The above data does not include employment details of Crescent Textiles Mills due to non – response.



5.13 Recruitment Methodology

Keeping in view supporting the ongoing Vocational Counseling (VC) and Job Placement (JP) Programme under TVET Reform Support Programme an attempt has been made to know the recruitment culture in private sector, a close end question was included in the questionnaire recruitment methodology. The question was contained five possible methods of recruitment. According to response the most common method of recruitment was personal reference and personal contact which constituted 39.2% and 35.1% respectively. The advertisement method of recruitment was used by 11.6% respondents and organization’s website was used by 6% of the units. Summary data is given at table-25.

Table 25 - Method of Recruitment

Method of Recruitment Total PercentageOrganization’s Website 44 6.0

Advertisement 86 11.6

Personal Reference 289 39.2

Personal Contact 259 35.1

Others 59 8.1

Total 737 100.0

Figure 21 - Method of Recruitment

5.14 Prioritization of Method of Recruitment

In question about method of recruitment, it was further asked to prioritize among 5 methods of recruitments. According to result the personal reference and personal contact were the first priority method for recruitment of workers which was 56.4% and 29.7% respectively. However, 24.4% of respondent have reported that advertisement is the first priority method for recruitment of workers. The second priority was indicated for personal contact which was 60% and 32.2% for personal reference. Third priority was given to advertisement by 45.3% responding units. The data is summarized in table-26

40 41

39.2%

35.1%

8.1%6.0%

11.6%

Organization’s Website

Advertisement

Personal Reference

Personal Contact

Others

Table 26 - Prioritization of Method of Recruitment

Method of Recruitment Priority1 2 3 4 5

Organization’s Website 4.5 4.5 18.3 59.1 13.6

Advertisement 24.4 12.8 45.3 11.6 5.9

Personal Reference 56.4 32.2 7.6 2.1 1.7

Personal Contact 29.7 60.6 6.2 1.6 1.9

Others 40.7 18.6 22.0 8.5 10.2

5.15 Preference in Recruitment of Skilled and Semi-skilled Workers

In recruitment of skilled and semi-skilled workers 43.2% employers preferred the workers who had got training through Informal system/USTADI-SHAGIRDI/Family Trade, 18.3% preferred workers trained in establishments through apprenticeship /on the Job and 17.4% having experiences from other sources. Only 14.3% of the employers preferred workers trained from public TVET whereas 6.8% preferred workers trained from private TVET institutions. Summarized data is given in table-27.

Table 27 - Number & Percentage of Qualified Workers by Sources

Source of Training Total PercentageTVET from Public Institutions 86 14.3

TVET from Private Institutions 41 6.8

Trained in Establishment Through Apprenticeship / On Job

289 39.2

Trained through Informal/USTADI-SHAGIRDI/Family Trade

110 18.3

Experience from any source 260 43.2

Total 602 100.0

5.16 Future Expansion Plan of Units

All the sample firms were asked a question as to whether they have any expansion plan during the next couple of years. Out of 282 units, 15.6% responded in affirmative, while 84.4% had no plan of expansion in their business. Graphical presentation of data by sub-sectors is at figure-23



Figure 22 - Units with Expansion Plan

5.17 Expansion Plan by Sub sectors

According to the survey data out of 44 units, 55% (24 units) of Weaving have expansion plan which was the highest than other sub sector. The manufacturing of Other Textile N.E.C units had no plan for expansion. Whereas, one unit each of Made up Textile Articles and Weaving Apparel sub sector had expansion plan. The detail of expansion by sub sector is given at figure-23

Figure 23 - Expansion Plan by Sub sector (%)

5.18 Future Manpower Requirement by skill

5.18.1 Units with New Expansion PlanOut of 282 units only 44 units had indicated expansion plan in future with the estimated manpower requirement of 2,340 skilled workers which was 13% of total manpower of sample units. The manpower requirement estimates indicated that semi-skilled workers requirement will be highest as 1,457 workers. The lowest requirement was for admin & gen. workers. Sub sector wise summarized data is given in table – 28

42 43

Units with Expansion Plan

Units with no Expansion Plan

84.4%

15.4%

Spinning Weaving

Finishing Made-up Articles


Knitted & Crocheted

Weaving Apparel

55%25%

11%

2% 2%5%

Table 28 - Manpower Requirement with Expansion Plan by Sub sector

Sub sector Plan With New ExpansionAdmin. & Gen.

WorkersSkilled Workers Semi- skilled

WorkersSpinning 0 0 19

Weaving 215 226 748

Finishing 47 284 211




Weaving Apparel 5 2 25

Total 360 523 1457

Figure 24 - Manpower Requirement by Skill for New Expansion

The future requirement of skilled Labour has been determined on the basis of anticipated estimates by the firms. Keeping in view their expansion plan and routine normal expansion the 44 firms which had future expansion plan had estimated total requirement of 2,340 workers. Out of which 15.4% comprised of admin & gen. workers. Skilled Workers were estimated at 22.3% and the bulk share of 62.3% was of semi- skilled workers.

Weaving Apparel

Knitted & Crocheted


Made-up Articles

Finishing

Weaving

Spinning

5

10

683

47

215 226 748

19

284 211

0

2

5

25

25

429

Ad. & Gen. Workers Skilled Workers Semi-Skilled Workers



Figure 25 - Future Manpower Requirement with New Expansion (%)

5.18.2 Routine Expansion in EmploymentThe survey results indicated that 236 units had no new expansion plan but they expect normal routine increase in employment. According to them the estimated requirement was 341. Out of these 260 was in category of semi-skilled workers 51 skilled worker and 30 in the category of Admin & Gen. Workers.

Figure 26 - Routine Expansion in Employment without Expansion Plan

The sub sector wise manpower requirement of units having normal expansion plan has also been estimated which indicates that sub sector Made up Articles, Other Textile N.E.C. Knitted & Crocheted and Weaving Apparel has no additional manpower requirement for future. The sub sectors of Spinning, Weaving and Finishing have indicated some requirement of manpower for their normal expansion.

44 45



Skilled Workers

Skilled Workers



62.3%

15.4%

22.3%

76.2%

8.8%

15%

Table 29 - Routine Expansion in Employment by Sub sector

Sub sector Total Admin & Gen. Workers

Skilled Workers

Semi-skilled Workers

Spinning 271 19 41 211

Weaving 50 9 5 36

Finishing 20 2 5 13





Total 341 30 51 260

5.18.3 Overall Future Manpower RequirementThe overall future manpower requirement (with or without expansion) of workers for all the 282 sample units has been reported at 2,681 workers. On the bases of skills the expected future demand works out to 24.4% of skill workers, 8.9% in admin & gen. workers and 5.9% semi-skilled workers over June 2013. On the average, the future demand of total workers comes to 7.4 of the existing employees of sample units. The sub sector wise requirement of employees for normal and new expansion plan is given in the table-30.

Table 30 - Future Requirements of Workers by Skills and Sub sector

Sub sector Admin. & Gen. Workers

Skilled Workers

Semi-skilled Workers

Total

Spinning 19 41 230 290

Weaving 224 231 784 1239

Finishing 49 289 224 562





Total 390 574 1717 2681

The composition of future requirement by skill is given at figure - 27.

Figure 27 - Composition of Future Manpower Requirements by Skills

64%

14.6%

21.4% Admin & General Workers

Skilled Workers




6.1 Textile Units Satisfied with the Standard of TVET

In the sample survey a question was asked to Employers about satisfaction with the standards of formal Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET).According to survey results 38.3% of the units were satisfied about the standard of TVET, while 11% were not satisfied. A large number of 50.7% of the units did not respond about TVET and its services for industry.

Figure 28 - Sample Units Satisfied with Standard of TVET

6.2 Sub sectors Satisfied with Standard of TVET (Public & Private)

The highest percentage of satisfaction 78.7% was shown by Finishing of textile Sub sector, while the lowest number of satisfaction 17.7% was revealed by Weaving of Textile sub-sector. In case of not satisfied group the highest number was reported in manufacturing of Made-up Textile Articles except Apparel which was 66.7% whereas, the lowest was reported by Other Textiles N.E.C. The highest percentage of manufacturing units who had not responded to the standards of formal TVET was reported by Manufacture of Other Textile N.E.C sub-sector which was 75%, while the lowest non-awareness was stated by Made-up Articles sub-sector.

Table 31 - Percentage Level of Skill Satisfaction by Sub sector

Sub sector Satisfied with the Standards of Formal TVETYes No Not responded

Spinning 17.7 8.5 73.8

Weaving 78.6 6.6 14.8

Finishing 18.2 22.7 59.1


Made-up Articles 25.0 0 75.0


Total 38.3 11.0 50.7

46 47

Performance of TVET Institutes-Trained Workers

Chapter 06

50.7%

38.3%

11%

Yes

No

Not Responded



Out of 31 dis-satisfied units with the performance of TVET, the largest number of units belongs to Weaving Sub sector which constitute 38.7%. In sub sector Spinning and Knitted & Crocheted 16.1% each were not satisfied with the performance of TVET.

A large percentage of 50.7% did not respond about the performance of TVET. Out of which 72.7% were from Weaving sub sector. These units may comprise of small loom units mostly from informal sector. In Finishing, Knitted & Crocheted and Weaving Apparel sub sector about 7% each were not aware about the TVET working. Sub sector wise result is given in table-32

Table 32 - Satisfaction Status with Standard of TVET by Sub sector

Sub sector Satisfaction StatusYes No No

ResponseTotal

Spinning 19 5 4 28

Weaving 25 12 104 141

Finishing 48 4 9 61





Total 108 31 143 282

6.3 Level of Skill Satisfaction

A question about level of skill satisfaction with the standards of formal TVET was also asked from the respondents. The levels of satisfaction were grouped into three categories as indicated below:

Level 1 More than 60%Level 2 More than 40% but less than 60% Level 3 Less than 40%.

In fact this question had to be responded by the units which reported satisfaction with the standards of formal TVET. However, multiple responses by the units have been reported in the data. The 143 responses were received from 108 satisfied units, out of which 74%of responding units showed satisfaction with public sector institutions, while 26% indicated satisfaction with the performance of private sector institutions.

Figure 29 - Percentage distribution of Satisfaction by Public and Private Sector

Out of 143 responses 74.1% indicated satisfaction of level 1, followed by 23.8% level 2 and 2.1% level 3.The summary data indicating levels of satisfaction is given in table 32.

Out of 106 responses satisfied with TVET, 94.3% reported level of satisfaction of Level-1 in Public sector formal TVET, while 5.7% of the responses had reported level of satisfaction of Level -2. The detail is given in following table- 33.

Table 33 - Level of Skill Satisfaction of TVET Institutions

Level Public Private Total# % # % # %

1 100 94.3 6 16.2 106 74.1

2 6 5.7 28 75.7 34 23.8

3 0 0 3 8.1 3 2.1

Total 106 100.0 37 100.0 143 100.0

The level-1 of satisfaction from private TVET institutes was reported by 16.2% of the units. The level-2 satisfaction was reported by 75.7% of the respondents, while only 8.1% of the responses showed satisfaction level-3 in standards of private sector TVETs.

In the light of above the conclusion may be drawn that the textile industry is comparatively more satisfied with the performance of public sector TVET than the private sector.

6.4 Improvement Proposed by Units for Enhancing Skills

In sample survey a question was asked about the standard of formal Technical Vocational Education and Training by public and private institutions. The units not fully satisfied with the performance of TVET were asked to propose the kind of enhancement from the 8 given options in question for improvement of skills. It was a multi option question.

In all 82 multiple answers have been received suggesting improvement in public and private sector TVET institution training programme. Of these the largest percentage of 28% suggested improvement in training on modern equipment, followed by practical training by 24% and 18% of the respondents proposed improvement in training on soft skills. The summary analysis is given at table-34.

48 49

Private

Public

74%

26%



Table 34 - Summary of Reported Measures for Improvement of TVET

Kind of Improvement Public Private Total# % # % # %

Theoretical Training 2 6.3 4 10.6 6 7.3

Practical Training 11 25.4 9 21.1 20 24.4

Improvement in Curriculum

2 4.8 3 10.5 5 6.1

Training on modern Equipment

11 27.0 12 31.5 23 28.0

Professional Attitude 4 9.5 3 5.3 7 8.5

Refresher Training Courses

1 3.2 2 5.3 3 3.7

Soft Skill 10 20.6 5 10.5 15 18.3

Others 1 3.2 2 5.3 3 3.7

Total 42 100 40 100 82 100

The analysis of data indicated that the largest recommendation for improvement in public sector TVET was for training on modern equipment 27%, followed by practical training by 25.4%, and soft skill by 20.6%.

The 17.6% of the respondents suggested improvement in the private sector TVET. The analysis of data indicated that the largest recommendation for improvement in private sector TVET was also for training on modern equipment 31.6%, followed by practical training by 21%, theoretical training, improvement in curriculum and soft skill by 10.5% of the respondents each.

50 51

Shortage of Skilled Workers

Chapter 07



7.1 Present and Future Shortage of Skilled Workers

Another question was placed whether the textile units were facing with the problem of shortage of skills in the industry. A large number of 203 units responded that there is no shortage of skill in the industry. However, 79 units responded in affirmative.

Figure 30 - Shortage of Skills in Textile Industry

A total shortage of 52 trade/skills was reported by 69 units of textile industry in next couple of years. The total shortage of these trades/Skills was reported 130 skilled workers. The highest shortage of 47.7% was reported Weaving followed by 20.8 % by Finishing, 13.8% by Weaving Apparel and 8.4% by spinning sub sector .Summary data in given the following table-35.

Table 35 - Shortage of Trade/Skill by Sub sector

Sub sector No. of Trade/Skill PercentageSpinning 11 8.5

Weaving 62 47.7

Finishing 27 20.8

Knitted & Crocheted 9 6.9

Made-up Articles 3 2.3


Weaving Apparel 18 13.8

Total 130 100

By trade/skill the highest shortage of 20.7% was recorded of Weaver followed by Stitcher 7% and 6.1% of Loom Operators. A list of shortage of skill in textile industry by sub sectors at present as given in sample survey is at Appendix –3

A total shortage of 92 trades/skills was reported by 136 units required by textile industry and associated sectors in coming years. The highest units reported shortage was 68.5%% by Weaving followed by 10.4% by Finishing and 4.7% by Spinning sub sector. By trade/skill the highest percentage of 13% was reported in Weavers, 4.9% Stitchers and 4.2% each of Winder Man and Fitters. Detailed data is given at Appendix- 4

7.2 Management of Shortage of Skilled Workers

In sample survey a question was asked about the shortage of skilled workers. In reply 28% of units reported shortage of skilled workers. It was also asked that if they feel shortage of skills how they manage shortage of skilled workers. In this respect four specific options were put in the questionnaire. The response of the units was multiple and 559 responses were reported. The 42.8% respondents reported that shortage of skilled workers were managed by getting extra work from the existing employees, 11.8% units reported that they meet the shortage of skilled workers by arranging in service training. While 19.3% stated that they managed shortage of skilled workers by offering raise in wages, whereas 26.1% reported that they keep the vacancies unfilled till availability of skilled workers.

Figure 31 - Method to meet the Shortage of Skilled Workers (%)

7.3 Sources of Meeting Shortage of Skilled Workers by Sub sector

As reported above the Weaving sub sector was facing shortage of skilled manpower. In response to this question 310 responses has been reported by weaving sub sector which was the highest response. The second and third responses were from Finishing and Spinning which were120 and 77 respectively. The sub sector wise detail is given at table – 36.

Table 36 - Management of the Shortage of Skilled Workers

Sub sector Keeps Vacancies Unfilled Till Availability

Raise Wage Offer

Arrange in Service Training

Extra Work from employees

Spinning 19 9 22 27

Weaving 91 60 36 123

Finishing 27 32 3 58





52 53

Units indicating shortage of skill

Units indicating no shortage of skill

28%

72%

12%

19%

26%

43%Keeps Vacancy Unified Till Availability

Raise Wage Offer

Arrange in Service Training

Extra Work From Employees



7.4 Management of Human Resource

In order to know whether management of human resource is being properly taken care in the textile sector a question was included about existence or non-existence of HR department. The survey result indicates existence of Human Resource Department in 18.8% establishments, while 81.2% units had no Human Resources Departments.

Figure 32 - Establishments having Human Resource Departments

7.4.1 Management of Human Resource by Sub sectorThe 12 units each of Spinning and Weaving sub sector had established Human Resource Departments which were highest in number but as percentage these were 42.9% and 8.5% respectively. The 10 units out of Weaving Apparel Sub sector had established HR department out of 23 total sample units which was 43.5%. However, the highest percentage of units which established the Human Resource Departments was Made-up Articles (66.7%) and highest percentage of units that had not established HR department was in Weaving sector which was 91.5%. The summarized data is given at table -37.

Table 37 - Establishment Having Human Resource Department

Sub sector Establishments Having Human Resource Department

Yes No TotalSpinning 12 16 28

Weaving 12 129 141

Finishing 8 53 61





Total 53 229 282

7.4.2 Units Maintaining Record of Skilled Employees94.3% units having human resource department 50 units (94.3%) were maintaining record of the skilled workers whereas 5.7% were not maintaining record of the skilled workers. The units which were not maintaining the record belonged to Spinning, Made-up Articles Other Textile N.E.C Knitted & Crocheted and Weaving Apparel sub sector. The Sub sector wise detail is given in table -38.

Table 38 - Units Maintaining Record of Skilled Employees

Sub sector Maintaining Record of Skilled Employees

YES NOSpinning 12 0

Weaving 11 1

Finishing 6 2

Made-up Articles 8 0


Knitted & Crocheted 1 0

Weaving Apparel 10 0

Total 50 3

7.5 Establishment Having its Own TVT Arrangement

It is a general practice in manufacturing sector that they prefer to employ unskilled or semiskilled workers and get them trained according to their own requirements. Most of the large establishments have their own TVT training institutes or make necessary arrangement with TEVT institutes. In order to find the state of affair in textile sector a question in this regard was also included in the survey. The survey results reveal that 14.2% reported having their own training arrangements of TVT and 85.8% have not established their training arrangements. Out of units having their own training the highest percentage of 47.5% was in Spinning sub sector followed by Weaving sub sector with 40%. In Knitted & Crocheted Fabrics and Weaving Apparel the percentage was 5% each, while 2.5% was in Finishing of Textiles. In Made-up Textile Articles, Other Textile N.E.C and Weaving Apparel sub sector reported no such arrangements.

Out of number of units having no arrangement of TVT, lions share was that of Weaving sub sector which constituted 51.6% of such units, followed by Knitted and Crocheted Fabrics which formed 24.8%, Weaving Apparel 8.7%, Knitted & Crocheted Fabrics 8.3%, whereas, the share of Made-up Textile Articles and Other Textile N.E.C was nominal.

54 55

Yes

No

81.2%

18.2%



Spinning

Weaving

Finishing

Made-up Articles


Knitted & Crocheted

Weaving Apparel

56 57

51%24.8%

8%

9%

1% 2% 4%

Figure 33 - Establishment Having no Arrangement of TVT

7.6 Type of TVT Arrangement

Out of units having their own TVT arrangements, only 5% had their own Training Institutes and the rest 95% met their needs through on the job training as and when required basis. No unit had reported affiliation with any regular training institutes.

Hundred percent of units having their own TVT arrangements in Weaving, Finishing Knitted & Crocheted Fabrics met their TVT needs through on the job training, followed by Spinning sub sector 94.74% and lastly 50% by the Weaving Apparel sub sector.

Skilled Employment Trend

Chapter 08



58 59

8.1 Employment Trend as on June, 2009 and June 2013

In labour market intelligence survey; questions were asked about the employment trend of skilled workers by status of work, level of education, gender and level of wages as on June 2009 and June 2013. According to survey result; out of 282 sample units one unit having employment of 5,048 workers has not responded this question therefore the total employment works out to 31,005 workers. The data on employment trend was therefore based on response of 281 units.

8.2 Growth in Employment by Sub sector

The total number of employees as reported on June 2009 against 281 units was 21,757 which increased to 31,005 up to June, 2013. The increase in number of employees was 42.5% in four years period. The annual average growth rate in employment worked out to 10.6%. Sub sector wise growth is given in table 39.

Table 39 - Growth in Employment from 2009 to 2013 by Sub sector

Sub sector 2009 2013 Increase Annual Average

Growth %(Number) % Growth

Spinning 4,842 8,672 3,830 79.1 19.8

Weaving 7,640 8,034 394 5.2 1.3

Finishing 6,523 8,144 1,621 24.9 6.2

Made-up Articles 432 2,204 1,772 410.2 102.5

Other Textiles N.E.C. 29 497 468 1,613.8 403.4

Knitted & Crocheted 417 471 54 12.9 3.2

Weaving Apparel 1,874 2,983 1,109 59.2 14.8

Total 21,757 31,005 9,248 42.5 10.6

The above table further indicates the highest percentage annual average growth was reported in Other Textiles N.E.C which was 403.4% followed by Made-up Articles 102.5% and the lowest annual increase was noted in Weaving sub sector which was only 1.3% over four years period. Although investment in Weaving sub sector has increased over the period, yet increase in employment of the sub sector was nominal. It may be due to shift from traditional machinery to modern machinery which requires less Labour. Employee’s growth by category of employment is given in table 40.

Table 40 - Growth in Employment by Categories

Category of Employment Number. of EmployeesIncrease%

Annual Average Growth

(%)

2009 2013 Increase

Regular 15,391 21,920 6,529 42.4 10.6

Temporary/Daily Wages 4,313 7,123 2,810 65.2 16.3

On Contract 2,053 1,962 -91 -4.4 -1.1

Total 21,757 31,005 9,248 42.5 10.6

The highest annual average growth was reported in the category of temporary/daily wages workers which was 65.2% followed by regular employees which grew at the rate of 42.4%. In the category of contract employees a negative annual growth of -4.4% was reported. It indicates that textile industry now prefers to recruit employees on regular bases to retain skilled workers. Average annual growth in the three categories of employment is indicated in the above table. The share of each category of employee in the total increase is shown at figure-34

Figure 34 - Annual Growth Rate in Regular, Temporary and Contract Employees from 2009-2013

8.3 Growth in Employees by Sub sector and Category

As reported earlier, total increase in employment by numbers during June, 2009 to June, 2013 was 9,248. Sub sector wise distribution of these employees by category of employment is given in table 41.

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

-2Regular Temporary, Daily Wages

(%)

On Contract



8.4 Annual Growth in Employment by Status of Work and Sub sector

Summary table presenting annual growth by status of work from June 2009 to June 2013 is given in table-42.

Table 42 - Percent growth in Employment of Workers by Sub sector

Sub sector Regular Temporary/Daily Wages On ContractSpinning 13.7 59.3 8.1

Weaving 6.1 -5.0 -4.6

Finishing 5.1 17.7 10.5

Made-up Articles 147.8 76.2 -25.0

Other Textiles N.E.C. * 2.7

Knitted & Crocheted 2.7 8.7 8.3


Total 10.6 16.3 -1.1

* The percentage increase is abnormal as 11625%.

According to the above data the growth rate in regular employees in Made-up Articles was the highest 147.8%, followed by Weaving Apparel 23.7%, Spinning 13.7%, Weaving 6.1%, Finishing 5.1% and Knitted & Crocheted 2.7%.

In case of temporary/daily wages employees, the highest growth was observed in Made-up Articles 76.2% followed by Spinning 59.3%, Finishing 17.7%, Weaving Apparel 9.1% Knitted & Crocheted 8.7% and Other Textiles N.E.C 2.7%.While growth in Weaving sub sector was negative by 5%.

As far as the contract employees were concerned, the highest growth was recorded in Weaving Apparel 25.6%, followed by Finishing 10.5%, Knitted & Crocheted 8.3% and Spinning 8.1%. Negative growth was observed in Made-up Articles by 25% and in Weaving by 4.6%.Figure 36 - Percentage Growth in employment by Sub sector

60 61

Table 41 - Sub sector wise Employees’ Details by Category of Job

Sub sector Regular Temporary/Daily Wages

On Contract

Spinning 2,285 1,532 13

Weaving 1,045 -326 -325

Finishing 1,201 407 13

Made-up Articles 1,023 759 -10




Total 6,529 2,810 -91

According to the above table, the highest increase in employment by numbers was in the category of regular employees which was reported as 6,529 workers. Out of which highest increase was observed in Spinning sub sector which was 35%, followed by Finishing 18%, Weaving 16% Made-up Articles 15.7% and the lowest 0.6% in Weaving Apparel.

Increase in employment of temporary/daily wages workers was 2,810, out of which highest share of 54.5% in Spinning sub sector and 14.5%, 27% and 15% was in Finishing, Made-up Articles and Weaving Apparel sub sectors, respectively. The lowest increase in employment was observed in Other Textiles N.E.C where a nominal increase was observed. While in Weaving sub sector, a decrease of 11.6% was noted during June 2009 to June, 2013.

Contract employees have declined by 91 workers (1%) from June 2009 to June, 2013. Major increase of 215 employees was recorded in Weaving Apparel sub sector followed by Spinning and Finishing sub sector (13 employees each). In Weaving sub sector, contract employment decreased by 325 employees. The increase of contract employees in other sub sectors was negligible. Sub sector wise Increase in employment by category is given at figure-29.

Figure 35 - Sub sector wise Increase in Employment by Category of Job

Spinning

Weaving

Finishing Made-upArticles

Kitted & Crocheted

OtherTextilesN.E.C

WearingApparel

Total

On Contract

On Contract



Regular

Regular

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

-20%

-40%

-100%

Spinning

Weaving

Finishing

Made-up Articles

Other Textiles N.E.C.

Knitted & Crocheted

Weaving Apparel

Total

100%-50% 50%0%



62 63

8.5 Employees status by Level of Education

Out of 31,005 skilled & semi-skilled employees as on June, 2013, only 230 employees were degree holders, 765 diploma holders, 288 had vocational/certificates and 29,722 had no formal qualification/training. It show that percentage share of degree holder in total skilled semi-skilled employees was only 0.7%, diploma holders share was 2.5% ,certificate holders comprised 0.9%, while that of without any formal education/training was 95.9%.Graphical presentation of data is given at figure-31.

Figure 37 - Percentage Share of Qualified Workers in Total Employees

8.6 Increases in Workers by Qualifications

The data on increase in workers by qualifications during the period June, 2009 to June, 2013 was also obtained and is given in table-43.

Table 43 - Increase in workers by qualifications and percentage change

Type of Qualification 2013 2009 Increase/ Decrease

% Change Annual Average

Growth %Degree 230 191 39 20.4 5.1

DAE 765 332 433 130.4 32.6

Vocational /Certificate 288 338 -50 -14.8 -3.7

0ther 29,722 20,896 8,826 42.2 10.6

Total 31,005 21,757 9,248 42.5 10.6

Analysis of data indicated that highest increase was observed in diploma holders 130.4% and 20.4% increase was recorded in the demand of degree holders. The demand of vocational certificate holders employees declined by 14.8% over four year period.

8.7 Annual Average Increase in Workers by Qualifications

Overall annual average growth rate in the employees over four years period was 10.6%. As against this the highest growth of 32.6% was observed in diploma holders. A growth of 5.1% was recorded in the degree holders. The growth in other non-qualified employees was 10.6%. Surprisingly, the demand for vocational/ certificate holders was negative by 3.7%. Graphical presentation of data is given in figure-32.

Figure 38 - Annual Percentage Increase in Workers by Qualifications

8.8 Employees by Status of Education Level and Sub sector

During June 2009 to June 2013 the increase in employment of degree holders were reported 39, out of which 11 degree holders each were recruited by the Spinning and Other Textile N.E.C and 10 degree holders were recruited by Finishing Sub sector. In Knitted & Crocheted and Weaving Apparel sub sector no change was observed during these four years period. It reflects that the textile industry has not shifted their preference towards the educated manpower or the technical level/skill of these graduates was not according to demand of the market. There is a need to look into this situation to improve the quality and productivity of skilled workers. Sub sector wise detail of employees by level of education is given in table-44.

Regular Other

% Share

Diploma

0.7 2.5 0.9

95.9

Certificate

Total

Other

Certificate

DAE

Degree

Annual Average Growth %

10.6

10.6

32.6

5.1

-3.7



64 65

Table 44 - Employees by Education Level and Sub sector

Sub sectors Increase in Number of Employees by level of Education

Other DAE Vocational Certificate

Degree

Spinning 3,516 188 115 11

Weaving 540 20 -168 2

Finishing 1,455 158 -2 10

Made-up Articles 1,746 16 5 5



Weaving Apparel 1,085 24 0 0

Total 8,826 433 -50 39

The number of diploma holders increased by 433 employees during four years period. The Spinning sub sector had employed large number of diploma holders (43.4%) followed by Finishing 36.5%, Other Textiles N.E.C 6.2% and lowest in Weaving sub sector 3.4% Knitted and Crocheted sub sector did not recruit any diploma holder.

The demand of vocational/certificate had reduced during these four years period by 50 workers in the sample units. The highest reduction of 168 employees was reported in Weaving sub sector. The employment of certificate holders showed increase of 115 employees in Weaving and 5 employees in Made-up Articles.

The reasons for low demand for vocational/certificate holders may be due to investment by the entrepreneurs in high tech equipment resulting a higher demand for diploma and degree holders.

Conclusions



66 67

• The textile industry inPakistan iscomparativelya traditionalbased industry, as isvisible from the fact that 76.5% of the industry is private/family owned enterprise. More so 72.5% of the industry comprises of small scale manufacturing units. The textile sector employs about 45% of total labour force.

• Duringeighteenyearsperiod(1995-2013)thedemandforskilledworkersincreaseby86% showing annual increase of 4.8%. During the period the demand for semi-skilled workers increased by 113.2% showing annual average increase of 6.3%. The higher increase in demand of semi-skilled workers reflected preference of units for informal sources of supply of workers who are later on imparted on the job training to improve their level of skills.

• TheperformanceofprivateTVETinstitutesisnotsatisfactoryascomparedtopublicTVET institutes, which suggests necessary steps be taken to improve upon the standard of training in private TVET institutes.

• To improveupontheprivateTVETsperformance it isrequiredthatthecontrollingauthority may take necessary steps to enhance their performance.

• Improvementintrainingcoursesofpublic&privateTVETInstitutesissuggestedinthe following three areas in order of priority:

i) Training on modern equipment ii) Practical training iii) Soft skills

• ThereisahugedemandofDAEskilledworkerswhichisgrowingat32.6%annually.Necessary arrangements for increasing the supply of DAE skilled workers are required to be made.

• Thedemandfordegreeholdersisgrowingat5%perannum.

• ThereisademandforTVETqualifiedskilledworkersastheyconstitute54%ofthetotal skilled workers, while remaining 46% were trained through informal system.

• Thehugegapinthesupplyoftrades/skillsofWeavers,Stitchers,LoomOperators,Fitters and Wilder Man has been identified. Necessary arrangements for the supply of these trades are required to be taken.

• ThereisstrongneedfordisseminationofinformationtothetextileindustryabouttheTVET Programme, to enhance their outreach.

• Thoughthereisashortageofskills,yetthecompositionofskilledworkerswhichis7% of total manpower favourably compares with India where it is 5%.

• Thetextileindustryisundergoingstructuralchangesincompositionofcategoryofworkers in that the share of regular employees has increased over the years. This suggests the working condition of workers in textile industry of Pakistan has improved over the period.

References



68 69

1. Economic Survey of Pakistan (2012-13), Economic Wing, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan Islamabad

2. Annual Development Plan, 2013-14, Planning Commission of Pakistan, Islamabad.

3. Newspaper “Dawn” dated 18th October, 2009.

4. Year Book 2009-10, Ministry of Textile Industry, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.

5. National skills Strategy Government of Pakistan.

6. Textile Policy (2009-14) Ministry of Textile Industry, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.

7. Textile Industry lack culture of investment in HRD by Rafique Goraya July, 2007.

8. http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/41/4018/indian-textile-industry-needs-skilled-workforce2.asp.

Appendix - 1

Questionnaire for Labour Market Intelligence Survey

Sector Name_______________________________________ Code: 17

A-Establishment Profile EP

EP1. Name of Enumerator & Code

NAME……………………………………………….

CODE……………………………………………….

SIGNATURE ………………………………………...

EP1a. Name of respondent/designation

NAME……………………………………………….

DESIGNATION……………………………………….

CONTACT #............................................................

CELL #

EP1b. Date of Interview DATE………..MONTH…………….YEAR………. 2013

EP2. Name of Establishment NAME: ____________________________

EP2a. Location of EstablishmentADDRESS: __________________________

PHONE: ____________________________

EP3. Location of Head Office

ADDRESS:__________________________

PHONE: __________________________

WEBSITE:__________________________

EMAIL: ____________________________

EP4 .Principal Product & Code PRODUCT:_________________________

CODE ………………………….________________



70 71

EP5. Other Product (If any) PRODUCT:_________________________

CODE ………………………….________________

EP6. Work StatusSEASONAL:…………………………………………. 1

ALL TIME:…………………………………………… 2

EP7.Type of EstablishmentNATIONAL:…………………………………………. 1

MULTINATIONAL….……………………………2

EP8. Year of EstablishmentYEAR ___________________________

EP9. Status of EstablishmentPUBLIC LTD …………………………………………. 1

PRIVATE LTD: ………………………….………..... 2

PRIVATE OWN...............................................3

EP10. How many shifts are running in Establishment NUMBER: ………………………………………………

EP11. Registration status of establishment

REGISTERED……………………………… 1NOT REGISTERED:…………………… 2 -> EP13

EP12. If establishment registered?REGISTERED WITH GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY….1

REGISTERED WITH TRADE ASSOCIATION………..2

EP13. If not registered explain the reason?

[Most appropriate]

NOT AWARE…………………………………..............….1

NEVER ASKED BY AUTHORITY……….……..2

COMPLICATED PROCEDURE.…………….…..3

FOLLOWING OTHERS…………………........…….4

NOT REQUIRED……………………….....................5

OTHERS (SPECIFY)……………………………....... 7

B- Employees Details(Only Skilled/Semi-Skilled Workers)

DP

DP1. Does factory has any plan for expansion?

YES……………………………………………….

NO……………………………………………….. -> DP3

DP2. If yes, how much increase is expected in number of employs?

[in numbers]

ADMINISTRATIVE & GENERAL WORKERS #........................................A

SKILLED WORKER # .......................B

SEMI-SKILLED WORKER.................C

DP3. If no, how much normal expansion in number of annual employees?

[in numbers]


SKILLED WORKER # .......................B


NO INCREASE #.................C

DP4. Number of employees at the “Time of Start” of the production?[Year: ……………………………….]


SKILLED WORKER # .......................B


DP5. Number of employees “As on June 2013.”


SKILLED WORKER # .......................B


DP6. Number of employees by statusat the time of start of production? [in numbers][Year :-----------------------------------]

REGULAR IN #....................................A

TEMPORARY IN # ............................B

CONTRACT IN # ...............................C

DP7. Number of employees by statusAs on June 2013? [in numbers]

REGULAR IN #....................................A

TEMPORARY IN # ............................B

CONTRACT IN # ...............................C



72 73

DP8. Number of Total Skilled/Semi-Skilled employees (by gender)

[in numbers]

MALE #..............................................A

FEMALE #.........................................B

DP9. Number of workers qualified from Public Training organization (by gender)?

[in numbers]

MALE #..............................................A

FEMALE #.........................................B

DP10.Number of workers qualified from Private Training organization (By gender)?

MALE #..............................................A

FEMALE #.........................................B

DP11. Number of workers having no formal TVET but skilled through?

[No. of employees]

“USTADI – SHSGIRDI”......A MALE #......1

FEMALE #...2

FAMILY TRADE....................BMALE #......1

FEMALE #...2

ON JOB TRAINING BY ESTABLISHMENT ...............C:

MALE #......1

FEMALE #...2APPRENTICESHIP IN COMPLIANCE LAW #...........E.

MALE #......1

FEMALE #...2

ANY OTHER (SPECIFY).….X MALE #......1

FEMALE #...2

DP12. How do you recruit the skilled worker? [Gave priority order carefully]

THROUGH ORGANIZATION’S WEB SITE…………......................…A

THROUGH ADVERTISEMENT……………..….B

THROUGH PERSONAL CONTACT/ REFERENCES…..........................C

THROUGH PERSONAL CONTRACT……………..............……D

OTHERS SPECIFY……………….…X

DP13. How much weight being given to following in selection of Skilled/ Semi-Skilled workers?

[Gave priority order carefully]

TVET FROM PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS…………......................…A

TVET FROM PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS...............……………..….B

TRAINED IN ESTABLISHMENT THROUGH APPRENTICESHIP / ON JOB …............................................C

TRAINED THROUGH INFORMAL /USTADI-SHAGIRDI / FAMILY TRADE……………...............……D

EXPERIENCE FROM ANY SOURCE (SPECIFY……………….…X

DP14. What is the base of fixing wages of Skilled/Semi-Skilled workers?

[Gave priority order carefully]

TEVET………………………………………A

SKILL………………………………………...B

FOLLOW MARKET TREND.....C

OTHERS SPECIFY.......................X



74 75

C- Overview of TVET – Trained Workers TT

TT1. Are you satisfy with standards of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET)?

YES……………………………………………….

NO……………………………………………….. -> TT3

TT2. If yes, indicates the level of required skills?Level 1:- More than 60% Level 2:- More than 40% but less than 60Level 3:- Less than 40%

LEVELS*:-------->

PUBLIC TVET INSTITUTES …………… A

PRIVATE TVET INSTITUTES …………...B

INFORMAL (USTADI-SHAGIRDI FAMILY TRADE ETC) …………………………C.

ON JOB & APPRENTICESHIP …………D

1 2 3

TT3. If No, what kind of enhancement in training would be helpful to improve the skill?

[Most appropriate]

THEORETICAL TRAINING …………………………..1

PRACTICAL TRAINING ……………………….………2

IMPROVEMENT IN CURRICULUM …....………3

TRAINING ON MODERN EQUIPMENT.…….4

PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDE ……………...………5

REFRESHER TRAINING COURSES …....……6

SOFT SKILL……………………………..........…………....7

OTHERS. ………………………………………..............…..8

TT4. Is there shortage of any particular skill in this sector?

YES……………………………………………….

NO……………………………………………….. -> TT6

TT5. If yes, please indicates the trades / occupations? [Increase extra rows if required)

SR. NO. TRADES/OCCUPATIONS

JOB DESCRIPTION

TT6. How do you manage the shortage of skilled workers? [Gave priority order carefully]

KEEP VACANCIES UNFILLED TILL AVAILABILITY….................................A

RAISE WAGE OFFER …………….......B

ARRANGE IN SERVICE TRAINING …….………....C

ARRANGE IN SERVICE TRAINING ………………….D

TT7. What skill(s) would be required in the sector or associated sectors in coming years? Please give the details as follow?

[Increase extra rows if required]

SR. NO.

TRADES/OCCUPATIONS JOB DISC

TT8. Does establishment has Human Resource (HR) department?

YES……………………………………………….

NO……………………………………………….. -> TT10

TT9. If yes, is establishment maintaining the complete record of Skilled Employees?

YES……………………………………………….

NO………………………………………………..

TT10. Does the establishment have its own arrangement of Technical & Vocational Training?

YES……………………………………………….

NO………………………………………………..

TT11. If yes, indicated what type(s) of arrangement exists?

OWN TRAINING INSTITUTION/DEPARTMENT ................................................….A

AFFILIATED WITH REGULAR TRAINING CANTERS ……........................................................B

ON-JOB IN ESTABLISHMENT AS REQUIRED …………................................................C

ANY OTHERS …………......………………..…………..…X



76 77

D- E

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Min

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Max

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B*

C*

D**

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Min

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Max

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12

34

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78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

1920

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E - OVERVIEW OF TVET – TRAINED WORKERS TW

Name of Establishment: ------------------------------------------------------------------

Address of establishment: ------------------------------------------------------------------

Contact Numbers: ------------------------------------------------------------------

Email Address: --------------------------------- Website: -----------------------------

Name of Respondent: ---------------------------------Contact #: -----------------------------

S.No Occupational Title Job Description (Brief) Remarks (if any)(1) (2) (3) (4)

Instructions:

1. Please enter in Column-2 the TVET-related skilled occupational title exists in your Establishment such as Machine Operator, Plumber etc. The general occupational titles like Clerks, General Managers, Office Boy, and Sweeper etc. are not to include in this list. Only those occupational titles are to be listed which need TVET qualification or required experience worker irrespective of trained through informal means/Ustadi-Shagirdi.

2. Please give brief job description in Column-3, i.e. what is the duty or work assigned to worker in the establishment.

3. In Column-4 please give your remarks (if any) which you like to mention for example regarding your satisfaction level about their skill or shortage exist or difficult to find any occupation from market etc. In case your establishment does not consider the TVET qualification for any skilled occupation or for all and employ from informal sector experienced worker than please mention in remarks.

4. Please extend as many rows as required to list all the occupations existing in your establishment.



78 79

Notes

________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Appendix - 2

Textile Sample units by name of principal product & Cod

Sr No.

Textile Units with Principal Product Name & Code

Textile Unit Product Code

1 ABDUL AZIZ TEXTILE FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

2 AL-FARID SIZING INDUSTRY. SIZING 13132

3 USMAN SIZING SIZING 13132

4 ASHRAF POWER LOOMS FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

5 ASHRAF WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

6 BILAL SIZING INDUSTRY DYEING 13131

7 HAFIZ SIZING INDUSTRIES CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

8 HAJI IQBAL WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

9 MUJAHID TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. SIZING 13132

10 NEW ALI SIZING INDUSTRY SIZING 13132

11 NEW MADINA SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

12 A.A. TEXTILE MILLS LTD. NO.2 YARN CLOTH 13112

13 AL-ZAMIN TEXTILE MILLS LIMTITED YARN CLOTH 13112

14 BILAL FIBERS LTD YARN CLOTH 13112

15 CRESCENT TEXTILE MILLS LTD. BED SHEETS/CLOTH (DISH) 13922

16 EHSAN YOUSAF SPINNING YARN CLOTH 13112

17 HABIB HASEEB SPINNING YARN CLOTH 13112

18 ISHAQ TEXTILE MILLS LTD. YARN CLOTH 13112

19 J. A TEXTILE MILLS LTD. YARN CLOTH 13112

20 J. K SPINNING MILLS LTD. YARN CLOTH 13112

21 JAMAL TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (PVT) LTD. YARN CLOTH 13112

22 MOHAMMAD ANWAR & BROTHERS YARN CLOTH 13112

23 NISAR AHAMAD TEXTILE MILLS (PVT) LTD. YARN CLOTH 13112

24 SARGODHA SPINNING MILLS LTD. YARN CLOTH 13112

25 ABBAS WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

26 ABBAS WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

27 ABDI WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

28 ABDUL GHAFOOR WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

29 ABDUL RAHMAN WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

30 ABDUL SATTAR WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

31 ABDUL SATTAR WEAVING FACTORY FINISHING WASHING

DYEING 13131

32 ABDUL SHAKOOR WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

33 AFTAB WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

34 AHMED WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

35 AKRAM WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

36 AL-JANNAT WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

37 ALLAH HOO WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121



80 81

Sr No.



38 AQEEL SHAKEEL WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

39 ASGHAR WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

40 ASIF BUTT WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

41 ASIF SAEED WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

42 ASIF WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

43 BILAL SAEED WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

44 BILAL TEXTILE CLOTH ANVAS 13999

45 BISMILLAH WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13131

46 CHAUDHARY MUSHTAQ WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

47 CHAUDHARY SHAHID WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

48 CHAUDHARY WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

49 COLONAL SHAFIQ WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

50 EHSAN WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

51 FAHAD WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

52 GHULAM FAREED WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

53 GHULAM MEHMOOD BHULLI WEAVING FACTORY

CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

54 H.RIAZ ANSARI WEAVING CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

55 HAJI ABDUL LATIF (POWER LOOM) WEAVING FACTORY


56 HAJI ALLAH LOK WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

57 HAJI ALLAH RAKHA WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

58 HAJI BASHEER WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

59 HAJI MUNIR AHMED WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

60 HAJI SHAKEEL WEAVING FACTORY UNIT-3 CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

61 IQBAL BASHIR WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

62 ISHAQ POLY INDUSTERIES PLASTIC BAGS 22201

63 JABEEN WEAVING FACTORY BAAN 22201

64 KAMRAN WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

65 KASHIF ASHFAQ WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

66 KHUSHNOOD WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

67 LAL DIN WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

68 LATIF WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

69 LIAQAT ANSARI WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

70 LIAQAT LAAL WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

71 M.B CHAUDHARY WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

72 MAKKAH DUBLING FACTORY YARN CLOTH 13112

73 MALIK ABDUL HAMEED WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

74 MALIK AMIN WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

75 MALIK ANWAR WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

76 MALIK GHULAM MUHAMMAD WEAVING FACTORY


Sr No.



77 MEHEED TEXTILE MILLS DYEING 13131

78 MUJAHID WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13131

79 MUHAMMAD JAMIL WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

80 MUHAMMAD JAMIL WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

81 MUHAMMAD ILYAS JUTT WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

82 MUHAMMAD GHAFFAR JUTT WEAVING FACTORY


83 WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

84 WEAVING FACTORY MUHAMMAD ANWAR CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

85 MAIN TARIQ WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

86 MEHRAN WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

87 MEHER HAMEED WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

88 MUSHTAQ AHMED WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

89 MUSLIM TEXTILE CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

90 N.R TEXTILE (PVT) LTD. CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

91 NASEER WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

92 NASIR SILK INDUSTRIES (C) CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

93 NASIR WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13131

94 NOOR WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

95 PEHLWAN WEAVING UNIT-1 DYEING 13131

96 PUBLIC SILK MILLS CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 22201

97 RANA ASHFAQ WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

98 RANA MAQBOOL WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

99 RANA RASHID MAQBOOL CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

100 RANASHAKEEL AHMAD WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

101 RANA WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

102 RANA WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

103 RANA ZAHID WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

104 RASHEED SAEED WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

105 RIASAT ALI WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

106 S.H.ASHRAF WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

107 SABIR WEAVING FOCTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

108 SAEED RASHID (PVT.) LTD. CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

109 SARDAR TEXTTILE MILLS CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

110 SARWAR WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

111 SH. MUHAMMAD SAEED WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

112 SH. MUHAMMAD ZAHID WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

113 SH. NADEEM WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

114 SH. RIAZ MEHDING GODONWN CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

115 SHAEIKH HABIB ASGHAR WEAVING FACTORY YARN CLOTH 13112



82 83

Sr No.



116 SHAH MUHAMMAD WEVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

117 SHAH WEAVING CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

118 SHAHZAD RIAZ WEAVING CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

119 SHEIKH ZAHID WEAVING FACTORY UNIT-2 CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

120 TRIQ YOUNIS WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

121 UMER WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

122 VKY WEAVING JHORI CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

123 AL-REHMAT WEAVING (PVT) LTD. CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

124 ASIF YAQOOB WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

125 ASHRAF ZIA TEXTILE CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

126 CHAUDARY INDUSTRY SOCKS 14302

127 CHENAB LTD. GARMENTS 14104

128 DESCENT TEXTILE(WEAVING UNIT) CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

129 GOHAR TEXTILE MILLS (PVT.) LTD HOME TEXTILE 13921

130 HAJI UMER WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

131 MALIK MUHAMMAD AFZAL WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

132 MAQNA TEXTILE SCREEN PRINTING 18119

133 MASHALLAH WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

134 MAIN PROCESSING FABRICS SIZING 13132

135 MUAZAM TEXTILE WEAVING CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

136 MUHAMMAD HUSSAIN WEAVING FACTORY BED SHEETS/CLOTH(DISH) 13922

137 NIMRA TEXTILE (PVT.) LTD. BED SHEETS/CLOTH(DISH) 13922

138 SAKHWAT INDUSTRIES (AL-JANNAT) DYEING 13131

139 SHOAIB USMAN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. SIZING 13132

140 YASIR TEXTILE MILLS SIZING 13132

141 ZAHID G.FBRICS(PVT.) LTD,. CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

142 AHMAD TEXTILE INDUSTRIES(C) CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

143 AL-BARKET INDUSTRIES (PVT) LTD SIZING 13132

144 AL -JAVID SIZING INDUSTRISE. SIZING 13132

145 AL-MAKKY DYEING PROCESSING INDUSTRIES DYEING 13131

146 AL-RIAZ TEXTILE MILLS DYEING 13131

147 ALI PROCESSING INDUSTRIES(C) GARMENTS 14104

148 AMIR SHAHI SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

149 ASHGAR SIZING INDUSTRY. SIZING 13132

150 CHAUDHARY WASHING PLANT NO.3 DYEING 13131

151 FAZAL DYEING & FINISHING(PVT) LTD. DYEING 13132

152 GHAFFAR SIZING INDUSTRIES. SIZING 13131

153 KARACHI DYING HOUSE (C) DYEING 13132

154 KASHMIR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13131

Sr No.



155 M-A INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. DYEING 13131

156 MUNAIR DYEING INDUSTRIES DYEING 13132

157 NASIR SIZING INDUSTRESS SIZING 13131

158 NEWAL-HABIB DYEING DYEING 13131

159 NEW IQBAL DYING DYEING 13132

160 NEW KAUSAR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13131

161 NEW QADRI FINISHING CENTER DYEING 13132

162 NEW SAFINA SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING

163 NEW SITARA SIZING INDUSTRY SIZING 13132

164 SABAR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

165 SABIR KALENDAR. SIZING 13132

166 SAKHI PROCESSING MILLS DYEING 13131

167 SAQIB NASEEM & CO WRAPPING FACTORY CLOTH EMBROIDED 13910

168 SEVEN STAR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

169 SHAHEEN DYING DYEING 13131

170 STAR CONE DYEING DYEING 13131

171 AHAHZAD IMRAN DYEING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

172 SHAMAS SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

173 STAR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

174 UMER SIZING IND SIZING 13132

175 AALA PROCESSING IND (PVT) LTD DYEING 13131

176 AFTAB TEXTILE PROCESSING INDUSTRIES DYEING 13131

177 AL-KARM PROCESSING (PVT) LTD. GARMENTS 14104

178 AL-KARM INDUSTRIES (PVT) LTD DYEING 13131

179 AL-REHMAN TEXTILE PROCESSING DTEING 13131

180 BASHIR PRINTING INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. SIZING 13132

181 FIVE STAR TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. SIZING 13132

182 HILAL TEXTILE CORORAION PVT.LIMITED SIZING 13132

183 IBRAHIM TEXTILE DYEING IND DYEING 13131

184 JUBILEE TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. GARMENTS 14104

185 KHYBER TEXTILE INDUSTRIES. DYEING 13131

186 NATIONAL SILK & RAYON MILLS LTD GARMENTS 14104

187 NISHAT MILLS LTD. YARN CLOTH 13112

188 SHAFIQUE TEXTILE MILLS (PVT) LTD CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

189 A.R. HOSIERY INDUSTRIES BUNYAN/SHIRTS/VEST 14103

190 ALPAH KNITTING HOSIERY GARMENTS 14104

191 COMPOSITE PAKISTAN (PVT.) LTD.(C) GARMENTS 14104

192 DASTGEER HOSIERY BUNYAN/SHIRTS/VEST 14103

193 EAGLE HOSIERY BED SHEETS/CLOTH(DISH) 13922

194 FILIGREE ENTERPRISES GARMENTS 14104

195 KARIM HOSIERY FACTORY SOCKS 14302



84 85

Sr No.



116 SHAH MUHAMMAD WEVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

117 SHAH WEAVING CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

118 SHAHZAD RIAZ WEAVING CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

119 SHEIKH ZAHID WEAVING FACTORY UNIT-2 CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

120 TRIQ YOUNIS WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

121 UMER WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

122 VKY WEAVING JHORI CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

123 AL-REHMAT WEAVING (PVT) LTD. CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

124 ASIF YAQOOB WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

125 ASHRAF ZIA TEXTILE CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

126 CHAUDARY INDUSTRY SOCKS 14302

127 CHENAB LTD. GARMENTS 14104

128 DESCENT TEXTILE(WEAVING UNIT) CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

129 GOHAR TEXTILE MILLS (PVT.) LTD HOME TEXTILE 13921

130 HAJI UMER WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

131 MALIK MUHAMMAD AFZAL WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

132 MAQNA TEXTILE SCREEN PRINTING 18119

133 MASHALLAH WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

134 MAIN PROCESSING FABRICS SIZING 13132

135 MUAZAM TEXTILE WEAVING CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

136 MUHAMMAD HUSSAIN WEAVING FACTORY BED SHEETS/CLOTH(DISH) 13922

137 NIMRA TEXTILE (PVT.) LTD. BED SHEETS/CLOTH(DISH) 13922

138 SAKHWAT INDUSTRIES (AL-JANNAT) DYEING 13131

139 SHOAIB USMAN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. SIZING 13132

140 YASIR TEXTILE MILLS SIZING 13132

141 ZAHID G.FBRICS(PVT.) LTD,. CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

142 AHMAD TEXTILE INDUSTRIES(C) CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

143 AL-BARKET INDUSTRIES (PVT) LTD SIZING 13132

144 AL -JAVID SIZING INDUSTRISE. SIZING 13132

145 AL-MAKKY DYEING PROCESSING INDUSTRIES DYEING 13131

146 AL-RIAZ TEXTILE MILLS DYEING 13131

147 ALI PROCESSING INDUSTRIES(C) GARMENTS 14104

148 AMIR SHAHI SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

149 ASHGAR SIZING INDUSTRY. SIZING 13132

150 CHAUDHARY WASHING PLANT NO.3 DYEING 13131

151 FAZAL DYEING & FINISHING(PVT) LTD. DYEING 13132

152 GHAFFAR SIZING INDUSTRIES. SIZING 13131

153 KARACHI DYING HOUSE (C) DYEING 13132

154 KASHMIR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13131

Sr No.



155 M-A INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. DYEING 13131

156 MUNAIR DYEING INDUSTRIES DYEING 13132

157 NASIR SIZING INDUSTRESS SIZING 13131

158 NEWAL-HABIB DYEING DYEING 13131

159 NEW IQBAL DYING DYEING 13132

160 NEW KAUSAR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13131

161 NEW QADRI FINISHING CENTER DYEING 13132

162 NEW SAFINA SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING

163 NEW SITARA SIZING INDUSTRY SIZING 13132

164 SABAR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

165 SABIR KALENDAR. SIZING 13132

166 SAKHI PROCESSING MILLS DYEING 13131

167 SAQIB NASEEM & CO WRAPPING FACTORY CLOTH EMBROIDED 13910

168 SEVEN STAR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

169 SHAHEEN DYING DYEING 13131

170 STAR CONE DYEING DYEING 13131

171 AHAHZAD IMRAN DYEING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

172 SHAMAS SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

173 STAR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

174 UMER SIZING IND SIZING 13132

175 AALA PROCESSING IND (PVT) LTD DYEING 13131

176 AFTAB TEXTILE PROCESSING INDUSTRIES DYEING 13131

177 AL-KARM PROCESSING (PVT) LTD. GARMENTS 14104

178 AL-KARM INDUSTRIES (PVT) LTD DYEING 13131

179 AL-REHMAN TEXTILE PROCESSING DTEING 13131

180 BASHIR PRINTING INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. SIZING 13132

181 FIVE STAR TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. SIZING 13132

182 HILAL TEXTILE CORORAION PVT.LIMITED SIZING 13132

183 IBRAHIM TEXTILE DYEING IND DYEING 13131

184 JUBILEE TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (PVT.) LTD. GARMENTS 14104

185 KHYBER TEXTILE INDUSTRIES. DYEING 13131

186 NATIONAL SILK & RAYON MILLS LTD GARMENTS 14104

187 NISHAT MILLS LTD. YARN CLOTH 13112

188 SHAFIQUE TEXTILE MILLS (PVT) LTD CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

189 A.R. HOSIERY INDUSTRIES BUNYAN/SHIRTS/VEST 14103

190 ALPAH KNITTING HOSIERY GARMENTS 14104

191 COMPOSITE PAKISTAN (PVT.) LTD.(C) GARMENTS 14104

192 DASTGEER HOSIERY BUNYAN/SHIRTS/VEST 14103

193 EAGLE HOSIERY BED SHEETS/CLOTH(DISH) 13922

194 FILIGREE ENTERPRISES GARMENTS 14104

195 KARIM HOSIERY FACTORY SOCKS 14302



86 87

Sr No.



196 MOOSA TEXTILE MILLS (PVT). LTD CLOTH EMBROIDED 13910

197 NATIONAL QUALITAZ (PVT.) LTD DYEING 13131

198 NEW HKB HOSIERY MILLS BYNYAN/SHIRTS/VEST 14103

199 R A HOSIERY FACTORY SOCKS 14302

200 RAFAQAT HOSIERY GLOVE (CLOTH) 14105

201 SARDAR HOSIERY. (C) IFITKHAR STITCHING (NEW)

BYNYAN/SHIRT/VEST 14103

202 CHAKWAL KNIT WEARS BYNYAN/SHIRT/VEST 14103

203 KAMAL SPINNING MILLS GARMENTS 14104

204 LAHORE FASHIONS CLOTH EMBROIDED 13910

205 TAUSEEF ENTERPRISES BYNYAN/SHIRT/VEST 14103

206 SISTAR TABLE PRINTING SIZING 13132

207 BISMILLAH FABRICS (PVT.) LTD CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

208 RANA TEXTILE MILLS LIMITED CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

209 AMIR INDUSTRIES (EMBROIDERY) EMBROIDERY 13992

210 TAHIR EMBROIDERY CLOTH EMBROIDED 13910

211 ARSHAD CORPORATION (PVT.) LTD CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

212 MEHBOOB TEXTILE MILLS CLOTH EMBROIDED 13910

213 AL-REHMAN TRADERS (PVT). LTD. CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

214 H.L.M HOSIERY FACTORY BUNYAN/SHIRT/VEST 14103

215 HANIF HOSIERY BUNYAN/SHIRT/VEST 14103

216 MADNI HOSIERY BUNYAN/SHIRT/VEST 14103

217 NATIONAL HOSIERY FACTORY (PVT.) LTD BUNYAN/SHIRT/VEST 14103

218 PAK INDUSTRIAL TRANING SCHOOL GLOVE (CLOTH) 13922

219 PAK SAFETY TEX BED SHEETS/CLOTH (DISH) 14105

220 SHAHZAD GLOVES MFG CO. GLOVE (CLOTH) 14104

221 A.M KNIT WEAR GARMENTS 13132

222 FAISAL FABRICS LTD SIZING 14104

223 HAAMI TEX MANUFACTURERS GARMENTS 14104

224 HAFEEZ KNITWEAR (PVT.) LTD GARMENTS 14104

225 JANNAT APPAREL (PVT) LTD GARMENTS 14104

226 JAVED GLOVES MAKER GLOVES (CLOTH) 14105

227 KAYSONS INTERNATIONAL (PVT) LTD GLOVE (CLOTH) 14105

228 KY&EMMS (PVT) LTD GARMENTS 14104

229 NIAGARA MILLS (PVT.) LTD BED SHEETS/CLOTH (DISH) 13922

230 ZAFAR FABRICS (PVT.) LTD BED SHEETS/CLOTH (DISH) 13922

231 ALI RAZA ENTERPRISES DYEING 13131

232 DILSHAD SIZING SIZING 13132

233 M.K. SONS GARMENTS 14104

234 AHMED DIN TEXTILE YARN CLOTH 13112

235 AMJAD WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

Sr No.



236 AMJAD WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

237 AMJAD WEAVING FACTORY (C) CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

238 SHAMA WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

239 ANSAR ALI WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

240 ANWAR WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

241 WALICA STITCHING UNIT CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

242 GHULAM RASOOL WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

243 SHAKEEL SHAFIQUE WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

244 HAJI ABID WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

245 HAJI MUHAMMAD AFZAL WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

246 HAJI AMANULLAH WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

247 JAVED BUTT WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

248 KHALID BILLA BUTT WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

249 ILYAS WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

250 HAJI AKBAR EMBROIDERY FACTORY CLOTH EMBROIDED 13910

251 BOTTAY KHAN WEAVING CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

252 ROSHAN WEAVING & EMBROIDARY FACTORY CLOTH EMBROIDED 13910

253 RIAZ NAWAZ WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

254 SALAHUDDIN WEAVING FACTORY CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

255 BOOTA WEAVING CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

256 KAMRAN TEXTILE MILLS CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

257 M.S.C TEXTILES CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

258 SAMARA FABRICS (PVT.) LTD CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

259 AHMED FABRICS BED SHEETS/CLOTH (DISH) 13922

260 AYESHA TEXTILE PROCESSING INDUSTRY DYEING 13131

261 AL-FAREED FABRICS DYEING 13131

262 ALI AKBAR SIZING SIZING 13132

263 BABAR SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

264 AL-MADINA DYEING (NEW) DAWN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (OLD)

DYEING 13131

265 FAISAL SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

266 GHOUSIA BLEACHING PLANT DYEING 13131

267 SABIR CALENDAR (NEW) HAJVERY DYEING WORKS INDSUTRY

DYEING 13131

268 IMRAN DYEING DYEING 13131

269 MODERN SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

270 HUSSAIN SIZING INDUSTRIES SIZING 13132

271 QADRIA PRINTING & DYEING INDUSTRY DYEING 13131

272 USMAN TEXTILE DYEING DYEING 13131

273 WANHAR TEXTILES (PVT.) LTD YARN CLOTH 13112

274 HAFEEZ FLOCK WORKS SIZING 13132

275 UNIVERSAL HOSIERY SOCKS 14302



88 89

Sr No.



276 IRFAN GARMENTS BUNYAN/SHIRTS/VEST 14103

277 ABDULLAH DYEING DYEING 13131

278 INTERNATIONAL EMBROIDARY CLOTH EMBROIDED 13910

279 ZEESHAN WEAVING (NEW) CLOTH COTTON/TOWEL 13121

280 ANWAR TEXTILE (NEW) MASOOD TEXTILE (OLD)

BED SHEETS/CLOTH (DISH) 13922

281 ROYAL HOSIERY BUNYAN/SHIRTS/VEST 14103

282 SHAHBAZ GARMENTS (PVT.) LTD GLOVE (CLOTH) 14105

Appendix - 3

OCCUPATION 1311 1312 1313 1391 1392 1399 1439 TOTAL

AIGER MAN 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2

BEEM GUTTER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

BLEECHER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

BLEECHING PLANT OPERATION 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2

BLEECHING SUPERVISOR 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

BOILER ENGINEER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

CALENDAR MAN 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2

CAREMAN 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

CHEMICAL ENGINEER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

CLIPPER 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

COLOUR MASTER 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

COMPUTER OPERATOR 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2

COMPUTERIZED MACHINE OPERATOR 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2

DESIGNER 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

DRAWING INCHARGE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

DYEING MASTER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

DYEING SUPERVISOR 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

ELECTRICAL ENGINEER 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

ELECTRONIC SPECIALIST/ENGINEER 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 3

EXPLOSER 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2

FEEDER 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

FITTER 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

FLAT LOCKER 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

HEAD SIZER 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

LOOM ENGINEER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

LOOM OPERATOR 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 8

MACHINE OPERAtor 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 3

MASTER 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 4

MECHANIC 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

MECHANICAL ENGINEER 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

MENDER (MUNSHI) 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

OPERATOR 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

OVER LOCKER 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2

PRESSER 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

PRINTING MASTER 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

PRINTING OPERATOR 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4

PRODUCTION CONTROLLER 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

QUALITY CHECKER 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

QUANTITY CONTROLLER 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 5



90 91


QULI BEEM 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

SCREENING 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

SIZER 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 3

SOAPING MACHINE OPERATOR 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2

STENTER MACHINE OPERATOR 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

STITCHER 0 1 0 1 0 0 7 9

STUNTER MACHINE OPERATOR 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

TECHNICAL MASTER (MISTRI) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

THREADER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

WARPER 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 3

WEAVER 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 27

WINDER MAN 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 5

WORKER 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3

TOTAL 11 62 27 9 3 0 18 130

Summary of table indicating shortage of Trade/Occupation in Textile Industry

Appendix – 4Summary table indicating skill required in Coming Years


ASSISTANT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

ASSISTANT DYEING MANAGER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

ASSISTANT ELECTRICAL 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

ASSISTANT FIREMAN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

ASSISTANT MASTER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

AUDITOR 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

BEEM GUTTER 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 11

BENCH FITTER 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

BLEECHING PLANT OPERATOR 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

BOBBIN BOY 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

BOILER ENGINEER 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 11

BOILER FOREMAN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

CALENDER MAN 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

CAREMAN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

CHECKER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

CHEMICAL ENGINEER 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

CHEMIST 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

COLOUR MAN 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

COLOUR MASTER 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

COMPUTER DESIGNER 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2

COMPUTER OPERATOR 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

COMPUTERIZED MACHINE OPERATOR 1 6 5 0 0 0 0 12

CUTTER 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3

CUTTING MASTER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

CUTTING SUPERVISOR 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

DESIGNER 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2

DRAFTS MAN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

DRAWING INCHARGE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

DYEING MASTER 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

ELECTRICAL ENGINEER 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 7

ELECTRICIAN 1 11 2 0 0 0 0 14

ELECTRICAL SPECIALIST ENGINEER 1 3 0 2 1 0 0 7

EMBROIDARY WORKER/ INCHARGE 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

ENGINEER 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

EXPLOSER 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2

EXPLOSER CHIEF 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

FINISHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

FINISHING MASTER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1



92 93


STITCHER 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 4

SUPERVISER 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 4

TABLE CHECKER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

TECHNICAL MANAGER 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

TECHNICAL MASTER (MISTRI) 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 5

TECHNICIAN 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 4

TECHNICIAN ELECTRONIC 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

TEXTILE ENGINEER 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 3

THREADER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

TURNER 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

WARPING MASTER 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2

WASHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

WEAVER 0 46 1 0 1 1 1 50

WAEVING MASTER 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 6

WELDER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

WINDER MAN 0 14 2 0 0 0 0 16

WORKER 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

TOTAL 18 264 40 13 4 6 40 385


FIREMAN 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 5

FITTER 0 14 1 1 0 0 0 16

FOREMAN 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 4

HELPER 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 4

INGREAVER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

KARIGAR 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

KNITTER 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

KNITTING INCHARGE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

KNITTING MASTER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

LABOUR LAW EXPERT 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

LAYERMAN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

LINE CHECKER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

LOOM ENGINEER 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

LOOM OPERATOR 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 7

MACHINE OPERATOR 0 2 1 5 1 1 2 12

MANAGER PROCESSING 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

MANDI MASTER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

MASTER 0 9 0 0 0 0 2 11

MECHANIC 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 15

MECHANICAL ENGINEER 3 10 0 0 0 0 0 13

MECHANICAL MASTER 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

MENDER (MUNSHI) 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 14

OPERATOR 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 4

PACKER 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2

PACKING MANAGER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

PACKING SUPERVISOR 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

PRINTING MASTER 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

PRINTING OPERATOR 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2

QUALITY CHECKER 0 3 0 0 0 0 6 9

QUANTITY CONTROLLER 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 6

QULI BEEM 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3

SETTLE MEN 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2

SWEING MASTER 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

SIZER 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 6

SIZER BACK 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3

SIZING MASTER 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3

STENTER MACHINE OPERATOR 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

STITCHER 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 4

SUPERVISER 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 4

TABLE CHECKER 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

TECHNICAL MANAGER 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

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