Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics, and Intermetallicsassets.cambridge.org › ... › 10046 › frontmatter › 9781107410046_fro… · MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics,and Intermetallics

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41004-6 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings: Volume 196:Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics, and IntermetallicsEditors: Merrilea J. Mayo, Masaru Kobayashi and Jeffrey WadsworthFrontmatterMore information

http://www.cambridge.org/9781107410046

http://www.cambridge.org







MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 196

Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics,and Intermetallics

Symposium held April 16-19, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

EDITORS:

Merrilea J. MayoThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Masaru KobayashiTechnological University of Nagaoka, Nagaoka, Japan

Jeffrey WadsworthLockheed Research and Development Division, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A.

IMIRIS1 MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania






cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City

Cambridge University Press32 Avenue of the Americas, New York ny 10013-2473, USA

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107410046

Materials Research Society506 Keystone Drive, Warrendale, pa 15086http://www.mrs.org

© Materials Research Society 1990

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

This publication has been registered with Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.For further information please contact the Copyright Clearance Center,Salem, Massachusetts.

First published 1990 First paperback edition 2012

Single article reprints from this publication are available throughUniversity Microfilms Inc., 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, mi 48106

CODEN: MRSPDH

isbn 978-1-107-41004-6 Paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence oraccuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to inthis publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,or will remain, accurate or appropriate.






Contents

PREFACE xi

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS xii

PART I: FUNDAMENTALS AND THEORY

OBSERVATIONS ON HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENTSIN SUPERPLASTICITY 3

Oleg D. Sherby and Jeffrey Wadsworth

DIFFUSION-ACCOMMODATED GRAIN BOUNDARY SLIDING IN APOLYCRYSTAL 15

P.M. Hazzledine and J.H. Schneibel

THE INFLUENCE OF GRAIN BOUNDARY STRUCTURE ON STRAIN-INDUCED GRAIN GROWTH DURING SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION 21

H.J. Frost and R. Raj

A MECHANISM OF SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION AND DEFORMATIONINDUCED GRAIN GROWTH BASED ON GRAIN SWITCHING 27

Eiichi Sato, Kazuhiko Kuribayashi, andRyo Horiuchi

DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURES AND SUPERPLASTICITY 3 3Hechun Chen, Reginald W. Smith, Jiwei Shi, andYang Zhengheng

A RE-APPRAISAL OF CAVITY GROWTH PROCESSES IN SUPER-PLASTICITY 39

Yan Ma and Terence G. Langdon

MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND CAVITATION IN COMMERCIAL ANDHIGH PURITY Zn-22% Al 45

Kyung-Tae Park, James C. Earthman, andFarghalli A. Mohamed

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CAVITY NUCLEATION DURINGSUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION 51

Jiang Xinggang, Cui Jianzhong, and Ma Longxiang

PART II: SUPERPLASTIC MICROSTRUCTURES:THEIR SYNTHESIS AND ROLE

*IS SUPERPLASTICITY IN THE FUTURE OF NANOPHASE MATERIALS? 59R.W. Siegel

LOW TEMPERATURE SINTERING AND DEFORMATION OF NANO-CRYSTALLINE TiO2 71

H. Hahn, J. Logas, H.J. Hofler, P. Kurath, andR.S. Averback

*Invited Paper






•PROCESSING OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CERAMICS 77Muhsin Ciftcioglu and Merrilea J. Mayo

GRAIN GROWTH DURING SINTERING OF NANOCRYSTALLINE YAND/OR Ce-DOPED TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA 87

Michel M.R. Boutz, G.S.A.M. Theunissen,A.J.A. Winnubst, and A.J. Burggraaf

THE ROLE OF DISLOCATIONS IN THE SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATIONOF A DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL 93

T.R. Parayil, G.L. Dunlop, and P.R. Howell

APPLICATION OF A CONTINUOUS ANNEALING PROCESS TO THEPRODUCTION OF SUPERPLASTIC HIGH-CARBON STEELS 99

K. Seto, T. Kato, and H. Abe

MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES AND STRAINING BEHAVIOR INTRANSFORMATION SUPERPLASTICITY IN IRON AND STEELS 105

Yasunori Saotome and Nobuhiro Iguchi

THE MECHANISM OF INTERNAL STRESS SUPERPLASTICITY 115B. Derby

PART III: SUPERPLASTICITY IN USE:SUPERPLASTIC FORMING AND DIFFUSION BONDING

•SUPERPLASTICITY IN USE: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF ITSSTATUS, TRENDS AND LIMITS 123

Peter-J. Winkler

KINETICS OF GRAIN GROWTH ACROSS BOND INTERFACE DURINGDIFFUSION BONDING 137

Huang Yan, Cui Jiangzhong, and Ma Longxiang

THE STRENGTH AND FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR OF DIFFUSIONBONDED JOINTS IN Al-Li(8090) ALLOY SHEET 143

P.G. Partridge and D.V. Dunford

DIFFUSION BONDING OF SUPERPLASTIC 7075 ALUMINUM ALLOY 149Huang Yan, Cui Jiangzhong, and Ma Longxiang

SUPERPLASTIC FORMING CHARACTERISTICS AND MICROSTRUCTURALDEVELOPMENT OF AN ALUMINUM LITHIUM ALLOY (8090) 155

G.J. Mahon, R. Keyte, N.C. Parson, and R.A. Ricks

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 5083 SPF AFTER SUPERPLASTICDEFORMATION 161

Barry J. Dunwoody, R.J. Stracey, and A.J. Barnes

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION, SUPERPLASTIC PERFORMANCE ANDPROPERTY DETERMINATION OF 8090 SPF ALLOY 167

Roger Grimes, Barry J. Dunwoody, andJohn A. Jones

DEVELOPMENT OF SPF AND SPF/DB TECHNIQUES FOR Ti ANDAl ALLOYS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 173

Ji Wenhai, Wang Zhenguo, and Song Feiling

*Invited Paper






AN INVESTIGATION OF DIFFUSION BONDING FOR Ti-6A1-4VTITANIUM ALLOYS 181

Wei-Dong Huang, Zong-Yuan Zhang, and Zhao-Rong Lin

PART IV: PHENOMENA OFINTERMETALLIC SUPERPLASTICITY

•SUPERPLASTICITY IN Ll2 INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS 189T.G. Nieh

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TiAl AND (TiAl+Ti3Al) ALLOYSPRODUCED BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING 201

S. Ochiai, M. Kobayashi, and K. Michimura

PART V: PHENOMENA OFMETALLURGICAL SUPERPLASTICITY I

SUPERPLASTICITY OF ULTRA-HIGH CARBON STEELS CONTAINING3-5% ALUMINUM 209

Dong-Wha Kum, Hyung Kang, and Tong-Hoon Kim

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF CAVITY EVOLUTION IN AN Al-Cu-ZrALLOY 215

Xiaoyu Zhao and Terence G. Langdon

SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION OF AN Al-Li-Cu-Zr ALLOY UNDERUNIAXIAL AND BIAXIAL TENSION 221

Ho-Sung Lee and Amiya K. Mukherjee

m-S RELATIONSHIP AND STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION DURING ACONSTANT STRAIN-RATE SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION OF ANALUMINUM ALLOY 227

Shanyou Zhou, Dongming Zhang, and Dongliang Lin(T.L. Lin)

INSTABILITY OF SUPERPLASTIC ALUMINUM ALLOYS 233H. Iwasaki, S. Hayami, K. Higashi, andS. Tanimura

THE SUPERPLASTIC m-5 RELATIONSHIPS OF THE T10 STEEL 239Chin Liu, Wong Wei, and Liu Wan Fu

PART VI: PHENOMENA OFMETALLURGICAL SUPERPLASTICITY II

•SIGNIFICANCE OF HIGH RATE SUPERPLASTICITY IN METALLICMATERIALS 249

Norio Furushiro and Shigenori Hori

HIGH RATE SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION MECHANISMS ININ90211 MECHANICALLY ALLOYED ALUMINUM 259

Thomas R. Bieler and Amiya K. Mukherjee

•Invited Paper

vii






MICROSTRUCTURE CHANGE DURING HIGH STRAIN RATE SUPER-PLASTIC DEFORMATION IN A PM 7475 Al-0.7Zr ALLOY 265

K. Matsuki, M. Tokizawa, and Y. Murakami

INFLUENCE OF SPECIMEN NOTCHES ON THE SUPERPLASTIC m-<SRELATIONSHIP OF Zn-Ni-Mg ALLOY 271

Chin Liu and Tao Jin

BEHAVIOR OF SUPERPLASTICALLY EXTRUDED Cu-26wt%Zn-3.5wt%Al SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY 279

Zheng Zhengyi, Zhong Weijian, Lin Fuzeng, andChen Yingsheng

THE EFFECT OF CERIUM ON SUPERPLASTICITY OFAl-6Cu-0.35Mg.0.2Zr ALLOY 283

Wang Jingtao, Wu Qingling, Cui Jianzhong, andZhou Haitao

EFFECT OF HYDROGEN ON THE SUPERPLASTIC BEHAVIOR OFTi-6A1-4V ALLOY 289

B. Gong, C.B. Zhang, Z.H. Lai, and Z.S. Xu

FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF SPF/DB JOINTS IN 7475 ALUMINUMALLOY AND Ti-6A1-4V ALLOY 295

Yoshiharu Mutoh, Masaru Kobayashi, Makoto Tatemura,and Hideo Yoshida

PART VII: PHENOMENA OFCERAMIC SUPERPLASTICITY

*SUPERPLASTICITY IN GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS 303M.S. Paterson

*MICROSTRUCTURES, GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND SUPERPLASTICITYIN FINE GRAINED CERAMICS 313

C. Carry

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF ASUPERPLASTIC YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA 325

Yan Ma and Terence G. Langdon

SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION MECHANISMS IN A FINE-GRAINED,YTTRIA-STABILIZED TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA POLYCRYSTAL(Y-TZP) 331

T.G. Nieh and J. Wadsworth

SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION OF YBa2Cu307_x IN A SUPER-PLASTIC METAL MATRIX ~ 3 37

J. Emilio Moreno and G. Torres-Villasenor

DYNAMIC GRAIN GROWTH IN SUPERPLASTIC Y-TZP ANDA12O3/YTZ 343

T.G. Nieh, C M . Tomasello, and J. Wadsworth

*Invited Paper

viii






*SUPERPLASTICITY OF NON-OXIDE CERAMICS 349Fumihiro Wakai, Yasuharu Kodama, Shuji Sakaguchi,Norimitu Murayama, Kansei Izaki, and KoichiNiihara

SUPERPLASTIC PROPERTIES OF HIPPED AND EXTRUDED IRONCARBIDE 359

W.J. Kim, O.A. Ruano, J. Wolfenstine,G. Fromineyer, and O.D. Sherby

PART VIII: POSTER SESSION SUPERPLASTICITY

SUPERPLASTIC HOBBING OF DIE CAVITY AND ITS NUMERICALSIMULATION 367

Zhang Kaifeng, Z.R. Wang, Guo Dianjian, andXu Yanwu

FRACTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CAVITY SHAPE CHANGES DURINGSUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION OF HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINUMALLOY 7475 373

Jiang Xinggang, Cui Jianzhong, and Ma Longxiang

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION ANDCAVITATION FAILURE IN A YTTRIA STABILIZED ZIRCONIAAND A ZIRCONIA ALUMINA COMPOSITE 379

A.H. Chokshi, D.J. Schissler, T.-G. Nieh, andJ. Wadsworth

SUPERPLASTICITY IN P/M ALUMINUM ALLOYS 385K. Higashi, S. Tanimura, and T. Ito

SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION AND MECHANISMS OF THECOMMERCIAL ALUMINUM ALLOY Al-4Cu-l.6Mg-0.8Mn 391

Yuwen Liu, Guang Yang, Jianshe Lian, andXianwen Zeng

AUTHOR INDEX 397

SUBJECT INDEX 399

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS 403

*Invited Paper











Preface

This volume represents the Proceedings of the Symposium onSuperplasticity in Metals, Ceramics, and Intermetallics, whichwas held as a part of the Materials Research Society SpringMeeting in San Francisco, California, April 16-20, 1990.

The symposium attracted international participation withstrong contributions from the USA, China, Japan, and Europe;Australia, Korea and Mexico were also represented. Regrettably,a large contingent from the USSR that planned to attend wereunable to do so.

The application of superplasticity in metallic alloyscontinues to be of great interest from both fundamental andtechnological viewpoints. Papers are included in the proceed-ings that reflect the range of these interests. In addition,the large interest in the symposium must be attributed in partto the very exciting discoveries that are being made in thedevelopment of superplasticity in non-traditional materials suchas ceramics and intermetallics, and the application of super-plasticity theory to the behavior of geological materials.

The editors gratefully acknowledge the many reviewers whoparticipated in the final preparation of the manuscripts, theinvited speakers, and the many people at MRS who made thissymposium possible. Finally, we very gratefully acknowledge thesupport of the Army Research Office, the National ScienceFoundation, and the Office of Naval Research.

Merrilea J. MayoMasaru KobayashiJeffrey Wadsworth

August 1990






MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Recent Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings

Volume 157—Beam-Solid Interactions: Physical Phenomena, J.A. Knapp, P. Borgesen,R.A. Zuhr, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-045-3

Volume 158—In-Situ Patterning: Selective Area Deposition and Etching, R. Rosenberg,A.F. Bernhardt, J.G. Black, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-046-1

Volume 159—Atomic Scale Structure of Interfaces, R.D. Bringans, R.M. Feenstra,J.M. Gibson, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-047-X

Volume 160—Layered Structures: Heteroepitaxy, Superlattices, Strain, andMetastability, B.W. Dodson, L.J. Schowalter, J.E. Cunningham,F.H. Pollak, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-048-8

Volume 161—Properties of II-VI Semiconductors: Bulk Crystals, Epitaxial Films,Quantum Well Structures and Dilute Magnetic Systems, J.F. Schetzina,F.J. Bartoli, Jr., H.F. Schaake, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-049-6

Volume 162—Diamond, Boron Nitride, Silicon Carbide and Related Wide BandgapSemiconductors, J.T. Glass, R.F. Messier, N. Fujimori, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-050-X

Volume 163—Impurities, Defects and Diffusion in Semiconductors: Bulk and LayeredStructures, J. Bernholc, E.E. Haller, D.J. Wolford, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-051-8

Volume 164—Materials Issues in Microcrystalline Semiconductors,P.M. Fauchet, C.C. Tsai, K. Tanaka, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-052-6

Volume 165—Characterization of Plasma-Enhanced CVD Processes, G. Lucovsky,D.E. Ibbotson, D.W. Hess, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-053-4

Volume 166—Neutron Scattering for Materials Science, S.M. Shapiro, S.C. Moss,J.D. Jorgensen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-054-2

Volume 167—Advanced Electronic Packaging Materials, A. Barfknecht, J. Partridge,C-Y. Li, CJ. Chen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-055-0

Volume 168—Chemical Vapor Deposition of Refractory Metals and Ceramics,T.M. Besmann, B.M. Gallois, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-056-9

Volume 169—High Temperature Superconductors: Fundamental Properties and NovelMaterials Processing, J. Narayan, C.W. Chu, L.F. Schneemeyer,D.K. Christen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-057-7

Volume 170—Tailored Interfaces in Composite Materials, C.G. Pantano, E.J.H. Chen,1989, ISBN 1-55899-058-5

Volume 171—Polymer Based Molecular Composites, D.W. Schaefer, J.E. Mark, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-059-3

Volume 172—Optical Fiber Materials and Processing, J.W. Fleming, G.H. Sigel,S. Takahashi, P.W. France, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-060-7

Volume 173—Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid-StateMaterials, L.Y. Chiang, D.O. Cowan, P. Chaikin, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-061-5

Volume 174—Materials Synthesis Utilizing Biological Processes, M. Alper, P.D. Calvert,P.C. Rieke, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-062-3

Volume 175—Multi-Functional Materials, D.R. Ulrich, F.E. Karasz, A.J. Buckley,G. Gallagher-Daggitt, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-063-1

Volume 176—Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XIII, V.M. Oversby,P.W. Brown, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-064-X

Volume 177—Macromolecular Liquids, C.R. Safinya, S.A. Safran, P.A. Pincus, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-065-8

Volume 178—Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilizationand Disposal VI, F.P. Glasser, R.L. Day, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-066-6






MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 179—Specialty Cements with Advanced Properties, H. Jennings, A.G. Landers,B.E. Scheetz, I. Odler, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-067-4

Volume 180—Better Ceramics Through Chemistry IV, CJ. Brinker, D.E. Clark,D.R. Ulrich, BJJ. Zelinsky, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-069-0

Volume 181—Advanced Metallizations in Microelectronics, A. Katz, S.P. Murarka,A. Appelbaum, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-070-4

Volume 182—Polysilicon Thin Films and Interfaces, B. Raicu, T.Kamins,C.V. Thompson, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-071-2

Volume 183—High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Defects in Materials, R. Sinclair,DJ. Smith, U. Dahmen, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-072-0

Volume 184—Degradation Mechanisms in III-V Compound Semiconductor Devices andStructures, V. Swaminathan, S.J. Pearton, O. Manasreh, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-073-9

Volume 185—Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology II, J.R. Druzik, P.B. Vandiver,G. Wheeler, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-074-7

Volume 186—Alloy Phase Stability and Design, G.M. Stocks, D.P. Pope, A.F. Giamei,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-075-5

Volume 187—Thin Film Structures and Phase Stability, B.M. Clemens, W.L. Johnson,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-076-3

Volume 188—Thin Films: Stresses and Mechanical Properties II, W.C. Oliver,M. Doerner, G.M. Pharr, F.R. Brotzen, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-077-1

Volume 189—Microwave Processing of Materials II, W.B. Snyder, W.H. Sutton,D.L. Johnson, M.F. Iskander, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-078-X

Volume 190—Plasma Processing and Synthesis of Materials III, D. Apelian, J. Szekely,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-079-8

Volume 191—Laser Ablation for Materials Synthesis, D.C. Paine, J.C. Bravman, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-080-1

Volume 192—Amorphous Silicon Technology, P.C. Taylor, M.J. Thompson,P.G. LeComber, Y. Hamakawa, A. Madan, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-081-X

Volume 193—Atomic Scale Calculations of Structure in Materials, M.A. Schluter,M.S. Daw, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-082-8

Volume 194—Intermetallic Matrix Composites, D.L. Anton, R. McMeeking, D. Miracle,P. Martin, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-083-6

Volume 195—Physical Phenomena in Granular Materials, T.H. Geballe, P. Sheng,G.D. Cody, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-084-4

Volume 196—Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics, and Intermetallics, M.J. Mayo,J. Wadsworth, M. Kobayashi, A.K. Mukherjee, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-085-2

Volume 197—Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries,J.D. Passaretti, D. Caulfield, R. Roy, V. Setterholm, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-086-0

Volume 198—Epitaxial Heterostructures, D.W. Shaw, J.C. Bean, V.G. Keramidas,P.S. Peercy, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-087-9

Volume 199—Workshop on Specimen Preparation for Transmission ElectronMicroscopy of Materials II, R. Anderson, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-088-7

Volume 200—Ferroelectric Thin Films, A.I. Kingon, E.R. Myers, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-089-5

Earlier Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings listed in the back.






Documents

Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics, and Intermetallicsassets.cambridge.org › ... › 10046 › frontmatter › 9781107410046_fro… · MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS