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Gee
-Kun
g C
hang
Bye
rs E
min
ent S
chol
ar C
hair
Prof
esso
rSc
hool
of E
lect
rical
and
Com
pute
r Eng
inee
ring
Geo
rgia
Inst
itute
of T
echn
olog
yA
tlant
a, G
A 3
0332
-025
0
Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6
Supe
r Bro
adba
nd O
ptic
al W
irele
ss
Acc
ess
Net
wor
ks
2G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Out
line
�C
onve
rgen
ce o
f Bro
adba
nd A
cces
s N
etw
orks
�
Seam
less
ly In
tegr
ated
Opt
ical
Wire
less
Acc
ess
Net
wor
ks�
Opt
ical
-Wire
less
Sig
nal G
ener
atio
n�
Arc
hite
ctur
e D
esig
n�
Dua
l Ser
vice
s: W
ired
and
Wire
less
�Te
chno
logy
Cha
lleng
es�
Con
clus
ions
3G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Syne
rgis
tic O
ptic
al W
irele
ss N
etw
orks
Rad
ioov
er F
iber
Bro
adba
ndW
irele
ss
Bro
adba
ndW
irelin
e
Opt
ical
Wire
less
Acc
ess
Net
wor
ks
4G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Evol
utio
n of
Bro
adba
nd A
cces
s N
etw
orks
Coverage/ Mobility
Bro
adba
ndB
road
band
Wire
less
Wir
eles
s
AD
SL/
Cab
le
APO
N
GP
ON
WD
MPO
NB
road
band
Wire
line
Cap
acity
/ D
ata
Rat
e
Rad
ioov
er F
iber
Ulti
mat
e G
oal
WiF
iLA
N
PAN
UW
B BPO
N
Wid
ely
Dep
loym
ent
Und
erD
eplo
ymen
tFi
eld
Tria
l
Capacity
Bandwidth
Mob
ility
EPO
N
WiM
AX
MA
N
Rad
io
Fibe
r
Opt
ical
-Wir
eles
sC
onve
rgen
ce
Opt
ical
-wire
less
net
wor
ks a
re p
ower
ful s
olut
ions
to s
erve
bo
th fi
xed
and
mob
ile u
sers
5G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
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RO
F B
ased
Opt
ical
-Wire
less
Net
wor
ks
�B
andw
idth
�C
over
age
�M
obili
ty
�M
ulti-
chan
nel C
apac
ity
�A
rchi
tect
ure
Effic
ienc
y
Up
to 2
.5G
b/s
for b
oth
dire
ctio
nsR
F w
irele
ss fo
r roa
min
g co
nnec
tion
Opt
ical
fibe
r lin
ks fo
r lon
g di
stan
ce.
Seam
less
inte
grat
ion
with
WD
M P
ON
All-
optic
al a
ppro
ache
s fo
r arc
hite
ctur
e de
sign
Shop
ping
Mal
l, C
onfe
renc
e C
ente
r or A
irpor
t
CO
RO
FR
N
λ 1 λ Ν
SOH
O
6G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Opt
ical
Wire
less
Net
wor
k Ar
chite
ctur
e
Fib
er
Fib
erFib
er
Cen
tral
Offi
ceC
entr
al O
ffice
PO
NP
ON
PO
NP
ON
Bas
e B
ase
Stat
ion
Stat
ion
Sho
pp
ing
Mal
lSh
op
pin
g M
all
Hig
hH
igh
-- ris
e ri
se
Bu
ild
ing
Bu
ild
ing
Hou
seH
ouse
Cus
tom
er
Cus
tom
er
Uni
tU
nit
WD
M-P
ON
Con
fere
nce
Cen
ters
7G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
PD
All-
optic
alup
-con
vers
ion
for
all c
hann
els
Fibe
r
Ante
nna
stat
ion
Ch1
Ch2 Chn
De-
mul
tiple
xer
Up-
conv
erte
r
LO s
igna
lf lo
λlo
Fibe
rFi
ber
Fibe
r
Fibe
r
WD
M S
igna
l fro
mLo
cal/a
cces
sne
twor
ksLO
EAFi
lter LO
EA
Filte
rA
ll-op
tical
up-
conv
ersi
on is
em
ploy
ed to
real
ize
seam
less
inte
grat
ion
WD
M-P
ON
with
RO
F sy
stem
Inte
grat
ion
of W
DM
-PO
N a
nd R
OF
Syst
ems
Bas
eban
dsi
gnal
s
8G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
2.5G
bit/s 20
GH
z
DFB
-LD
MO
DPD
0
20
4
0
60
Freq
uenc
y (G
Hz)
Power (dBm)
RF
at 4
0GH
zB
aseb
and
Ther
e ar
e tw
o co
mpo
nent
s of
el
ectr
ical
sig
nals
afte
r all-
optic
al
up-c
onve
rsio
n:
one
part
occ
upie
s th
e ba
seba
nd,
the
othe
r occ
upie
s hi
gh-fr
eque
ncy
band
nea
r 40
to 6
0GH
z.
Dua
l Sta
ge M
odul
atio
nus
ing
Opt
ical
car
rier s
uppr
essi
on
DC
: Vπ
Spec
trum
of O
ptic
al W
irele
ss S
igna
ls
Opt
ical
9G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Sing
le s
tage
Elec
tron
ic m
uxfir
st
Dua
l sta
ge
3-te
rm
Oth
er
Dire
ct
mod
.vi
a a
MZI
or
EAM
Opt
ical
N
on li
near
Effe
ctut
ilisa
tion
Rem
ote
Up-
conv
2-te
rm
1 la
ser
Dou
ble
Sid
eban
dS
uppr
esse
dC
arrie
r2f
or 4
f
Mod
e Lo
cked
Lase
rD
iode
&
Gai
n Sw
itchi
ng
2 la
sers
Opt
ical
fre
q.
mul
tiply
ing
Opt
ical
Phas
eLo
cked
Loop
Opt
ical
Freq
.Lo
cked
Loop
Opt
ical
Feed
Forw
ard
Mod
ulat
ion
Opt
ical
Inje
ctio
n Lo
ckin
g
Spec
trum
Sl
iced
2f
Two
Mod
ela
ser
Mod
ulat
ed R
F
2-te
rm
Opt
ical
Sing
lesi
deba
nd
Opt
ical
Wire
less
Sig
nal G
ener
atio
n
John
Mitc
hell,
Uni
vers
ity C
olle
ge L
ondo
n, J
uly
3rd ,
2006
, OE
CC
200
6
10G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Key
Tec
hnol
ogie
s fo
r mm
-wav
e G
ener
atio
n
Sche
me
I: A
llSc
hem
e I:
All --
optic
al U
pop
tical
Up --
conv
ersio
n ba
sed
on F
WM
in N
onlin
ear
Fibe
r,
conv
ersio
n ba
sed
on F
WM
in N
onlin
ear
Fibe
r, J
. Yu,
J. G
u, X
. Liu
et
al.,
IEEE
Pho
ton.
Tec
hnol
. Let
t., V
ol. 1
7, N
o. 9
, 200
5: 1
986-
1988
.
Sche
me
II: A
llSc
hem
e II
: All --
optic
al U
pop
tical
Up --
conv
ersio
n ba
sed
on C
ross
conv
ersio
n ba
sed
on C
ross
-- abs
orpt
ion
Mod
ulat
ion
(XA
M) i
n ab
sorp
tion
Mod
ulat
ion
(XA
M) i
n E
lect
roE
lect
ro-- a
bsor
ptio
n M
odul
ator
(EA
M),
abso
rptio
n M
odul
ator
(EA
M),
J. Y
u, Z
. Jia
and
G. K
. Cha
ng, I
EEE
Pho
ton.
Te
chno
l. Le
tt., V
ol. 1
7, N
o. 1
1, 2
005.
Sche
me
III:
All
Sche
me
III:
All --
optic
al U
pop
tical
Up --
conv
ersi
on b
ased
on
Cro
ssco
nver
sion
bas
ed o
n C
ross
-- pha
se M
odul
atio
n (X
PM) i
n H
ighl
y ph
ase
Mod
ulat
ion
(XPM
) in
Hig
hly
Non
linea
r Fi
ber,
N
onlin
ear
Fibe
r, Z
. Jia
, J. Y
u an
d G
. K. C
hang
, IEE
E P
hoto
n. T
echn
ol. L
ett.,
Vol
. 17,
No.
12
, 200
5.
Sche
me
IV: A
llSc
hem
e IV
: All --
optic
al U
pop
tical
Up --
conv
ersi
on b
ased
on
Dua
lco
nver
sion
bas
ed o
n D
ual -- S
tage
, Ext
erna
l Mod
ulat
ion
(EM
), St
age,
Ext
erna
l Mod
ulat
ion
(EM
), J.
Y
u, Z
. Jia
and
G. K
. Cha
ng, E
CO
C 2
005,
Pos
t Dea
dlin
e, 2
005,
Th
4.5.
4.
11G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Sche
me
I: Fo
ur-w
ave
Opt
ical
Mix
ing
for
mm
-wav
e G
ener
atio
n
PC
2.5G
bit/s
Sig
nal
EA
ME
DFA
20G
Hz
DFB
LD
PC
τE
DFA
Dua
l �ar
m
LN
-MO
D
OC
HN
L-D
SF
Ram
an P
ump
1552
1553
1554
-80
-60
-40
-200
Optical sepectrum (dBm)
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
SMF
WD
M F
ilter
MU
X
DFB
LD
1
DFB
LD
8
15
20
15
40
15
60
15
80
16
00
-50
-40
-30
-20
-100
10
20
Re
solu
tion
: 0
.5n
m
Optical sepectrum (dBm)
Wa
vele
ng
th (
nm
)
TO
F
SMF
�Ad
vant
ages
:FW
M is
inde
pend
ent o
f bit
rate
s an
d m
odul
atio
n fo
rmat
s fo
r rea
lizin
g up
-con
vers
ion
of d
iffer
ent W
DM
sig
nals
. �
Dis
adva
ntag
es:
Wav
elen
gth
chan
nel o
rder
, pol
ariz
atio
n se
nsiti
vity
and
low
con
vers
ion
effic
ienc
y.
12G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Sche
me
II: X
AM b
ased
mm
-wav
e G
ener
atio
n
PC
2.5G
bit/s
Sig
nal
LN
-MO
DE
DFA
20G
Hz
DFB
LD
PC
τE
DFA
Dua
l �ar
m L
N-
MO
D
OC
EAM
15
52
15
53
15
54
-80
-60
-40
-200
Optical sepectrum (dBm)W
ave
len
gth
(n
m)
SMF
WD
M F
ilter
MU
X
TO
FD
FB L
DD
C
�Ad
vant
ages
:co
mpa
ct s
ize,
eas
y in
tegr
atio
n w
ith o
ther
dev
ices
, pol
ariz
atio
n in
sens
itivi
ty�
Dis
adva
ntag
es:
non-
tran
spar
ent t
o di
ffere
nt m
odul
atio
n fo
rmat
and
low
rece
iver
sen
sitiv
ity.
13G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Sche
me
III: X
PM b
ased
mm
-wav
e G
ener
atio
n
OC
HN
L-D
SF
20G
Hz
DFB
LD
PC
τ
ED
FA
Dua
l �ar
m
LN
-MO
D
1552
1553
1554
-80
-60
-40
-200
Optical sepectrum (dBm)
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
SMF
TO
F
PC
2.5G
bit/s
Sig
nal
LN
-MZ
M
ED
FA
PC
Con
trol
Sig
nal
Prob
e Si
gnal
1557
.615
58.4
1559
.215
60.0
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
Power (dBm)
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
40GH
z
FWM
MU
X
DFB
LD
1
DFB
LD
16
1533
1536
1539
1542
1545
1548
1551
1554
1557
1560
-50
-40
-30
-20
-100
Power (dBm)
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Orig
inal
Sig
nal
Up-
conv
erte
d S
igna
l
WD
M F
ilter
�Ad
vant
ages
:W
ork
at th
e w
hole
opt
ical
fibe
r tra
nsm
issi
on w
indo
w w
ithou
t sat
urat
ion
and
inte
rfer
ence
effe
ct li
mita
tion.
�D
isad
vant
ages
:Po
lariz
atio
n se
nsiti
vity
and
sta
bilit
y.
14G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Sche
me
IV: E
xter
nal M
odul
atio
n B
ased
mm
-wav
e G
ener
atio
n
DFB
DFB
DFB
MO
D2
Dua
l-arm
MO
D
Dua
l-arm
MO
D
0.5V
pai
0.5V
pai
Vpa
i
40G
Hz
40G
Hz
20G
Hz
1554
.015
54.5
1555
.015
55.5
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10010
40G
Hz
Optical power (dBm)
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
(b) S
SB
(a) D
SB
(c) O
CS
155
4.0
15
54
.51
55
5.0
15
55
.5-7
0-6
0-5
0-4
0-3
0-2
0-1
00104
0G
Hz
40G
Hz
Optical power (dBm)
Wa
vele
ng
th (
nm
)
1554
.015
54.5
1555
.015
55.5
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10010
40G
Hz
Optical power (dBm)
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
MO
D1
2.5G
b/s
2.5G
b/s
2.5G
b/s
100p
s/di
v B-T
-BB-T
-B
B-T
-B
40km
40km2k
m
15G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
32-c
hann
el D
WD
M R
OF
Tran
smis
sion
10G
Hz
100p
s/di
v
1ns/
div
1535
1540
1545
1550
1555
1560
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-100
Relative optical power (dBm)
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
1536
1544
1552
1560
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
Relative optical power (dBm)
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
ch1
DFB
-LD
MO
D
2.5G
bit/s
ch32
AWG
PC40
kmD
ual a
rmLN
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D
20G
Hz
SMF T
OF1
TO
F2
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50G
Hz
PINEA
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Hz
filte
r
BE
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Osc
.
B-T
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ore
or M
etro
net
wor
kC
entr
al O
ffic
e
32 c
hann
els
16G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
32-c
hann
el R
OF
Tran
smis
sion
Res
ults
15
35
15
40
15
45
15
50
15
55
15
60
-44
-42
-40
-38
-36
-34
B-T
-B A
fte
r 4
0km
Receiver sensitivity (dBm)
Wa
vele
ng
th (
nm
)
Pow
er p
enal
ty is
~ 2d
B fo
r all
chan
nels
.
32 D
WD
M c
hann
els
17G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Arc
hite
ctur
e D
esig
n
Del
iver
y of
Wire
d an
d W
irele
ss S
ervi
ces
Del
iver
y of
Wire
d an
d W
irele
ss S
ervi
ces
Sim
ulta
neou
sly
in a
Sin
gle
Net
wor
k Pl
atfo
rmSi
mul
tane
ousl
y in
a S
ingl
e N
etw
ork
Plat
form
Z. J
ia, J
. Yu,
Y.-K
. Yeo
, T. W
ang
and
G. K
. Cha
ng, E
CO
C 2
006,
200
6, T
u1.6
.6.
18G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Opt
ical
Wire
less
Tes
tbed
Des
ign
EA
PD w
ith h
igh
band
wid
th
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enna
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-wav
e� ba
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seba
nd
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e
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ith lo
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band
wid
th
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a So
urce
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ro/A
cces
s N
etw
ork
Cen
tral
Sta
tion
Bas
e St
atio
n
AW
G
SMF
λ
Nλ
Cus
tom
er
Prem
ise
All-
optic
al m
m-w
ave
gene
ratio
n
�M
ulti-
chan
nel m
m-w
ave
carri
ers
gene
ratio
n th
roug
h O
CS
�G
ener
atio
n an
d up
-con
vers
ion
of th
e or
igin
al d
ata
sign
als
are
perfo
rmed
si
mul
tane
ousl
y in
the
optic
al d
omai
n;
�Tw
o id
entic
al d
ata
sign
als
are
gene
rate
d co
ncur
rent
ly
19G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
LO
EAFi
lter
com
pute
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tum
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Opt
ical
mill
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ave
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Rec
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Wire
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d W
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20G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Unc
ompr
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d SD
TV T
rans
mis
sion
at 2
70 M
b/s
in
Opt
ical
Wire
less
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tbed
21G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Futu
re C
onsi
dera
tions
and
Cha
lleng
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�O
ptic
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prov
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ficie
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sim
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nd s
tabi
lity
of
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al g
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d up
-con
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for t
he
optic
al w
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crea
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avel
engt
h ut
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tion
effic
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y (T
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A fo
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upl
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in
full-
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ex o
pera
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in W
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PO
N;
�M
itiga
ting
the
optic
al m
m-w
ave
sign
als
tran
smis
sion
impa
irmen
t, pa
rtic
ular
ly fo
r the
di
sper
sion
tole
ranc
e.
22G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
�Te
st-b
ed u
ses
thre
e co
mm
erci
ally
ava
ilabl
e 80
2.11
g co
mpl
iant
W
LAN
rout
ers.
�Th
e le
ngth
of t
he fi
ber u
sed
in th
is te
st-b
ed is
300
met
ers.
2.45
GH
z R
OF
Expe
rimen
tal T
est-b
edM
. Ong
, I2 R
, Sin
gapo
reEthernet
LAN 80
2.11
g R
oute
r
Lapt
op c
ompu
ter
802.
11g
Rou
ter
Lapt
op c
ompu
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802.
11g
Rou
ter
Lapt
op c
ompu
ter
23G
lobe
com
2006
, Nov
embe
r 29,
200
6, S
an F
ranc
isco
, CA
Con
clus
ions
�Su
per b
road
band
opt
ical
wire
less
net
wor
ks a
re p
ower
ful s
olut
ions
to p
rovi
de b
oth
capa
city
and
mob
ility
as
wel
l as
redu
ce th
e co
stfo
r fu
ture
-pro
of b
road
band
ser
vice
s;
�O
ptic
al w
irele
ss s
igna
l gen
erat
ion
and
up-c
onve
rsio
n te
chni
ques
pl
ay k
ey ro
les
on th
e su
cces
sful
real
izat
ion
of th
e ne
twor
k ar
chite
ctur
e;
�W
e ha
ve e
xper
imen
tally
dem
onst
rate
d an
opt
ical
wire
less
net
wor
k ac
cess
te
stbe
dto
si
mul
tane
ousl
y pr
ovid
e w
irele
ss
and
wire
d se
rvic
es a
t >1G
b/s
per w
irele
ss li
nk.
�Th
ere
are
still
a lo
t of c
halle
nges
ahe
ad o
f us
in te
rms
of lo
w-c
ost
com
pone
nts,
opt
ical
wire
less
inte
rfac
e, R
OF
tran
smis
sion
, opt
ical
w
irele
ss p
roto
cols
, and
sta
ndar
diza
tion.
