Suntrough Energy Marketing Full Rev1a-1

“Solar Thermal Generation, Delivered Today”

Executive Summary7 April 2023

Table of Content

1. Suntrough Energy

2. Industry Overview

3. Value Proposition

4. Management Team

Abbreviations- EPC : Engineering, Procurement and Construction- EPCM : Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Management - CSP : Concentrated Solar Power - CPV : Concentrated Photovoltaic- HFO : Heavy Fuel Oil- LFO : Light Fuel Oil- O&M : Operations and Maintenance

1. Suntrough Energy



4. Management Team

Privileged & Confidential 5

SUNTROUGH ENERGY | Our Vision

Our Vision Be THE Affordable CSP Solution Provider of Packaged Concentrated Solar Thermal and larger-

sized Integrated Solar Combined Cycle power plants to the developing world, Be THE Affordable and Adapted Energy Solution Provider for remote and underserved areas Deliver innovative combined Solar Thermal and Conventional Power and Water Desalination

solutions, Stimulate local economic growth and employment in Middle East, Africa and Asia through

manufacturing, assembly and power plant operations.

Achieving our Vision Design small-scale, standardized and “containerized” 5MW and 10MW solar thermal power

plants that are built in a factory and delivered to a site rather than constructed on a site. Focus on Distributed Generation for baseload and peakload solutions to overcome problems

with site selection, and to decrease transmission line costs and energy losses. Establish regional presence through Industry partnerships, manufacturing centers and to

incubate solar technology leadership to build a vertically integrated global solar energy company


TO OUR END-USER CUSTOMERS• Small-scale, affordable “containerized” solar thermal power plants built in a factory that can be deployed and

commissioned quickly and future large-scale solar thermal power plants with thermal storage and Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (50MW – 200MW).

• Power plants that easily accommodate “hybridization” with natural gas, biomass or other fuel boiler / steam generator

• Turnkey conventional power plants with diesel engines or gas/steam turbines to allow 24/7 power generation.• Small-scale Containerized CSP platform for water purification, desalination, chilling and cooling, and process

steam solutions• Access to funding and line of credits from Government and NGO institutions

TO OUR EPC PARTNERS• Technical know-how to install solar thermal power plants as well as conventional fossil fuel power plants• Strategic relationships with World Bank, ADB, other NGOs and end-users.• Strong pipeline of projects of 1.2 GW over the next five years.

TO OUR INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS• Technical know-how to commission Turnkey Solar Thermal and Conventional power plants, manufacture solar

field components and to design and assembly of completely packaged solar thermal power plants

SUNTROUGH ENERGY | What We Offer


SUNTROUGH ENERGY | Business Areas

Solar Energy based power generation:1. Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST)

2. Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV)

3. Photovoltaic (PV)

Conventional power generation:

1. Gas Turbines

2. Steam Turbines

3. Diesel Generators

Transmission and Distribution Grid:

1. Upgrade and expansion of current grids

2. Engineering and construction of new grids

Suntrough Energy is active in three Business Areas as it strives to offer complete solutions for power generation and distribution:

- Core Business: EPC of Solar Thermal Energy Power Plants using proprietary Parabolic Technology based on new product class of Packaged CSP.

- Secondary Business: EPC of Conventional Fossil Fuel Power Generation Solutions based on existing technologies.

- Complementary Business: EPC of Transmission and Distribution grids in order to be able to deliver the new built power generation capacities in remote and underserved areas.

Business Areas


SUNTROUGH ENERGY | Solar Thermal Power PlantsPackaged CSP New ‘Product’ Class


SUNTROUGH ENERGY | Solar Thermal Power PlantsPackaged CSP New ‘Product’ Class


Over 25 years mature and proven parabolic trough technology withconventional power block elements

SUNTROUGH ENERGY | Solar Thermal Power Plants CSP Parabolic Trough Proven & Low Risk Technology

Typical hybrid parabolic trough CSP plant layout


SUNTROUGH ENERGY | Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Suntrough Energy offers a well proven fossil fuel technology where it is technically and financially viable to meet customer needs and demands.


SUNTROUGH ENERGY | Fossil Fuel Power Plants

- Services: Suntrough Energy offers its customers EPCM services for conventional fossil fuel power plants thanks to its expertise and existing relationship with suppliers globally.

- Solutions: Depending on the type of fuel available, project size, need for power, and availability of engines/turbines Suntrough Energy offers the most convenient solution in an island mode (off national grid) or parallel mode (grid connected).

- Fuel Type: Natural gas, HFO, LFO , Diesel, bio-fuel, Liquified Natural Gas, Crude Oil, or Dual Fuel.

Suntrough delivers power solutions that is the most technically and economically viable:


Suntrough Energy Provides the most suitable solution

SUNTROUGH ENERGY | Approach

Assess

• Site Survey• Fuel

Availability• Transmission

and distribution grid adequacy

• Water availability

• Project Economics

Engineer

• Perform detailed design of the chosen technology to generate power

• Engineer transmission and/or distribution grid to meet generation capacity growth (if requested).

Deliver

• Hire local construction companies

• Procure equipment

• Construct power plant

• Commission

Maintain

• Hire O&M entity

• Perform after sales services


An experienced team with demonstrated capability in the field

SUNTROUGH ENERGY | Demonstrated Execution Capability

Suntrough Energy's management team has successfully developed traditional and renewable power generation projects

– eSolar Sierra SunTower (5.0 MW Power Tower; first commissioned in US)

– Designed and developed CPV technology

– 50 + Fossil Generation Plants projects (10 GW of total generation)

Significant project development experience including permitting, interconnection, land acquisition, and plant construction

– 5,000 acre portfolio of desert land for solar and wind generation projects

– 1 GW project pipeline of solar thermal plants across the SW US

– Black and Veatch construction and project management experience

– Alstom engineering experience

1. Suntrough Energy



4. Management Team


Parabolic Trough

Power Tower

Technology Key characteristics Assessment

• Technology rapidly evolving through several pilot plants on ground/under construction (e.g., Abengoa, Sener), market readiness expected ~2010

• High temperature allows better integration of on-site energy storage and direct steam technology

• Not yet commercially proved• High temperature might entail high

O&M costs*

• Parabolic mirror focuses sunlight on receiver tubes containing heat transfer fluid (synthetic oil)

• Hot fluid generates steam via heat exchanger, driving steam turbine

• Energy storage through molten salt reservoir possible• 1-axis tracking system follows sun path• Temperature range 390 ºC to 415 ºC possible• Efficiency range 10% to 18%, capacity factor ~30%

(without storage)

• Heliostat mirrors track sun individually (2-axis) and focus sunlight on central receiver unit on top of a tower

• High temperature steam or molten salt from tower drives steam turbine (potentially via heat exchanger)

• Energy storage through molten salt reservoir• Temperature range: 250 ºC to 600+ ºC• Efficiency range: 10% to 25%, capacity factor ~32%

(without storage)

• Commercially proven technology, first plant build started in 1980s

• Modular, can cover large capacity ranges; economies of scale

• Relatively low overall efficiency• Low temperature limits prospects of on-site energy

storage*

* Energy storage: installation of a hot and a cold on-site storage tank for Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) allows extension of operation before and after hours with sufficient solar insolation by powering the steam turbine with a flow of the HTF from hot to cold tanks; efficiencies increase with initial temperature of HTF (i.e., higher temperature gradient between hot and cold reservoirs)

Sources: Emerging-Energy-CSP-report, Abengoa; team analysis

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW | CSP Technology options


Linear Fresnel

Dish Stirling

Technology Key characteristics Assessment

• Flat mirrors (w/Fresnel lens) focus sunlight on receiver tubes that heat transfer fluid (usually synthetic oil) or directly steam, which is then used to drive steam turbine (use of synthetic oil: heat exchanger step interconnected)

• 1-axis tracking system to follow sun path• Temperature range: 270 ºC to 500 ºC• Efficiency range: 15% to 25% (unproved), capacity

factor ~20% (without storage)

• Parabolic concentrator comprised of multiple heliostat mirrors focuses sunlight on concentrator

• Self-contained gas in concentrator is heated and expands in cylinders whose movements drive generator

• Temperature range: 750 ºC to 800 ºC• Efficiency range: 16% to 29%, capacity factor ~22%

(without storage)

• Flat mirrors, frames, and receivers signifi-cantly cheaper than parabolic configuration

• System feasibility is proved, technology im-provements ongoing, market readiness ~ 2015

• Modular, can cover wide capacity ranges• Commercially unproved• Low temperature limits prospects of on-site energy

storage*

• Highest efficiency potential• Modular, suitable for decentral generation• Commercially unproved• Limited number of developers, slower technology

advances, market readiness expected only after 2015• Complex mechanics might result in high

O&M costs

* Energy storage: installation of a hot and a cold on-site storage tank for Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) allows extension of operation before and after hours with sufficient solar insolation by powering the steam turbine with a flow of the HTF from hot to cold tanks; efficiencies increase with initial temperature of HTF (i.e., higher temperature gradient between hot and cold reservoirs)

Sources: Emerging-Energy-CSP-report, Ausra, Stirling Energy Systems; team analysis

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW | CSP Technology options


> 1000 MW Parabolic trough CSP installed capacity in the US and Europe successfully operating for over 25 years

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW | CSP Technology Advantage Over Photovoltaic (“PV”)

Suntrough’s implementation of Solar Thermal offers unique advantages Provides 24 hour baseload power generation capability from the same capital

equipment. PV needs a primary power source Suntrough provides a lower capital cost than PV and much lower project LCOE Solar Thermal provides greater grid voltage stability with a spinning reserve from

rotating equipment Flex hybrid fuel capability can allow use of cheaper fuels than diesel Suntrough’s plant architectures provide optional water desalination and chilled

water as by-products from the waste-heat


Parameter Suntrough Energy Current CSP Industry Minimum Economic Size 5 MW 50 MW

Time to commissioning(*) 6 months 2 to 4 years

Minimum Land Requirement 30 acres350m x 350m

>300 acres 1,100m x 1,100m

Transmission 12 kV, 33 kV, or 66 kV distribution 230 kV HVL

Cold Startup time 5 minutes 40 minutes to 1 hour

Turbine Inspection Time 4 hours 2 weeks

Scalability & Modularity Infinite in 5 MW Increments (Wind Energy Model)

Seriously constrained

(*) From ground breaking

Standardized “product” designs and containerized Balance of Plant in a factory removes significant construction risk.

Custom Packaged sizes: 2.5MW, 5MW and 10MW.

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW | Suntrough Energy Core SolutionAdvantage Over Other CSP Offerings


Replacement for Diesel & Gas Generators worldwide 225 GW installed capacity; > 5 % of global power production Annual savings: 500,000 gallons of diesel from each 2.5 MW CSP

Potential Market:$3.75 Billion Annually

Power generation for remote or underserved areas 1.6B people living in 5M villages in the world still have no electricity

Potential Market:$10 Billion Annually

Increasing compliance with mandatory renewable generation targets in sunbelt cities and regions Placing CSP generation in 2.5MW, 5MW or 10 MW clusters closer to loads Avoid transmission bottlenecks and land scarcity


Steam for industrial processes & cogeneration Oil refineries, chemical plants and existing CC & SC power plants


Power for water pumping, distribution and desalination More than 7% of global power generation > 300 GW is used for water


The offered CSP power plants are large and thus the industry is not tapping into a $24 Billion market:

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW | The Market Opportunity For Concentrated Solar Thermal

1. Suntrough Energy



4. Management Team


Committed Partnerships with

Proven Technology Providers

Technology Partnerships

• Turbotech• Shin Nippon• Matrix Solutions• Kiewit/TIC • IDOM• Versa Engineering

Local Partners for Successful

Execution

Local Partnerships• Transtech Solar• Aditya Birla Group• Helios Energy• Azure Power • Acira Solar• STEG International• Buksh Energy• KIPCO

Government• Indian Ministry of New & Renewable Energy• Tunisian & Algerian Ministries of Energy• Egyptian Ministry of Energy• Saudi Investment Authority

International Agency• DESERTEC / Dii EUMENA Foundation • USAID & USTDA• The World Bank• US EXIM Bank• Overseas Private Investment

Corporation (“OPIC”)

International Agency & Government Access

VALUE PROPOSITION | Strategic Global Relationships


Regional offices setup with well established regional partners.

VALUE PROPOSITION | Global Presence

Headquarters9400 Lurline Avenue, Chatsworth, CA

Khalid Bin Al-Waleed St.Al-Shaheed Tower – 5th FloorSharq, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Johannesburg, South Africa


VALUE PROPOSITION | Strong & Recognized Leadership


VALUE PROPOSITION | Demonstrated Execution Capability

Project Name Project Location Technology Project Size

Area Country in Megawatts

Palodi Rajasthan India Parabolic Trough 5.6

Development Pipeline Worldwide Parabolic Trough 5-10 MW Per Unit

Development Pipeline Worldwide Solar Power Tower 46MW Per Unit

Sierra Solar Generating Station (Pilot) CA USA Solar Power Tower 7.5

Indralaya 4 Combined Cycle Addition Sumatera Indonesia 2X1 Combined Cycle 40

Taiyanggong Cogeneration Project Beijing China 2X1 Combined Cycle 700

Shanghai Shidongkou CC Project Shanghai China 3X(1 on 1) Combined Cycle 1050

Jinling CC Project Nanjing China 2X(1 on 1) Combined Cycle 700

Shanghai Chemical Industry Park Cogen Caojing China 2X(1 on 1) Combined Cycle 700

Tanjung Jati B Jepara Indonesia 2X660 MW Pulverized Coal 1320

Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Power Station Phase III Port Kelang Malaysia 2X500 MW Pulverized Coal 1000

Yuzhou Thermal Power Plant Henan China 2X350 MW Pulverized Coal 700

Shanghai Shidongkou Second Power Plant Phase II Shanghai China 2X600 MW PC (Supercritical) 1200

Nantong Thermal Power Plant Phase II Nantong China 2X350 MW Pulverized Coal 700

Cedar Bay Generating Station Jacksonville, FL USA 2X150 MW Fluidized Bed 300

Indiantown Generating Station Indiantown, FL USA 1X600 MW Pulverized Coal 600

Collinsville Generating Station Phase II Queensland Australia 1X240 MW Pulverized Coal 240

Krabi Generating Station Krabi Thailand 2X300 MW Oil (Supercritical) 600

1. Suntrough Energy



4. Management Team


Project Name Project Location Technology Project Size

Area Country in Megawatts

Clover Power Station Clover, VA USA 2X410 MW Pulverized Coal 820

Kladno Power Station Expansion Kladno Czech Rep. 1X210 MW Fluidized Bed 210

Malaya Generating Station Privatization Malaya Philippines 2X300 MW Waste Oil 600

San Miguel Electric Control System Conversion Christine, TX USA 1X420 MW Pulverized Coal 420

Naga Generating Station Privatization Cebu Philippines 2x60MW PC, 2x17MW SC, 6x7.5MW 200

Allegheny Power General Services Western PA USA Various

Medicine Hat Steam Turbine Addition Alberta Canada 1 X 30 MW Steam Turbine 30

Support of Six (6) Proposals by TBV Power Mideast & UK Various Combined Cycle, PC and Oil 2755

Ghazlan Expansion Project Ghazlan Saudi Arabia Combined Cycle, Gas and Oil 2400

Clover Power Station Clover, VA USA 2X410 MW Pulverized Coal 820

Elk River Station RDF Conversion Elk River, MN USA 2x5MW & 1x10MW Waste-to-Energy 20

Intermountain Power Project Delta, UT USA 2X850 MW Pulverized Coal 1700

Rawhide Energy Project Fort Collins, CO USA 1x250MW Pulverized Coal 250

Louisa Generating Station Muscatine, IA USA 1x650MW Pulverized Coal 650

Bang Pakong Operator Training Simulator Bang Pakong Thailand High Fidelity Power Plant Simulator

Riverside 7 AQCS Addition St. Paul, MN USA Dry Scrubber and Baghouse Addition

Seminole Station Konawa, OK USA 3x540MW Gas 1620

VALUE PROPOSITION | Demonstrated Execution Capability


Asif Ansari, CEO & Founder Life-long proponent of solar energy and a serial entrepreneur for over 20 years

Founding CEO of eSolar Inc, one of the most successful utility-scale solar thermal company’s today

Founded over a dozen successful companies in aerospace, alternative transportation, & manufacturing

Led the successful development and commercialization of over 40 products in the clean-tech and aerospace including:

– The Lunar Prospector Spacecraft successfully launched in 1998, completed a two year lunar resource mapping mission

– the Sunflower CPV product at Energy Innovations

– pioneered hydraulic compression technology for hydrogen & natural gas at O’Green Compressor

Co-founder and former CEO of Omni Systems, a Los Angeles based aerospace company

Co-founder and COO of Tesla Technologies, worlds leading manufacturer of CNG transportation equipment including CNG & Hydrogen compressors, dispensers, priority panels and control valves

Co-founded of O’Green Compressor and Eco-Fueler, Oregon based companies that designs and manufacturers small CNG & hydrogen compressors and the first small CNG vehicles

BS in Mechanical Engineering and a MS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Minnesota

MANAGEMENT TEAM


Mark Fournier, EVP Project Management Over 30 years of global experience as a project manager responsible for all phases of power plant

design, development and construction

Formerly the SVP of Projects Development at eSolar where he led the development of a 1 GW project pipeline of solar thermal plants across the SW US

Formerly Vice President and Senior Project Manager at Black & Veatch, a leading global engineering & construction company

Served on more than 50 power plant projects, representing more than 10 GW of total generation

Rich international experience having served in lead roles on power projects across North America, the Middle East, and the far East specifically including Saudi Arabia, China, Indonesia and Malaysia

MANAGEMENT TEAM


Kwon-Kyun Chung, Chief Financial Officer Over 14 years of experience in the energy/power sector as principal investor, financier, developer, and

entrepreneur

Executive Vice President at Quantum Clean Energy, energy startup, responsible for establishing all aspect of operations, preparation of offering memorandum and fundraising

Helped raise $3 billion at Alinda Capital Partners and responsible for the origination of and investments in energy and infrastructure projects of over $2 billion

Responsible for the capital budget of the Sithe Energies’ global assets and managed its corporate and project financings of over $2 billion

Developed, arranged, financed ($1.25 billion) the construction of one of the largest merchant power plant in the US (1,500 MW)

Advised and financed over $2 billion in power and energy transactions at Dresdner Kleinwort

Financed over $1 billion of project debt for power plants at WestLB

B.A. and a Master in International Affairs from Columbia University with a major in international finance

MANAGEMENT TEAM


Fazal Chaudhry, Chief Development Officer Over 30 years of global experience as an entrepreneur, project developer, in construction

management, and regulatory affairs in the Middle East, Canada and the US

Spearheaded the largest cluster of renewable energy projects in the world in the Antelope Valley region of CA by mobilizing city governments, politicians and the industry

CEO of CMF Land development leading the site acquisition, development and permitting of over 5000 acres of desert land for solar and wind projects

Oversaw the construction of the first tower solar thermal project at eSolar that won the engineering project of the year in 2009.

Spearheaded Land Acquisition & Development at eSolar: sited, permitted, and acquired land for the future of eSolar's utility scale power generation for twelve sites in the County of Los Angeles, California.

Management positions in refinery development, power plants, major construction projects in across the Middle East and North America

MANAGEMENT TEAM


Philip Lee, EVP Engineering Over 20 years of experience in engineering design and build in industries ranging from aerospace to

roller coasters

Led the engineering efforts to custom design, build and install multi-million dollar ride systems for Universal Studios

Formerly the Director of Engineering at Energy Innovations and led the engineering teams that created the first ever UL listed solar tracking concentrator

Personally designed and manufactured several custom camera systems for use in video game applications

Holds multiple patents on a variety of hardware systems

BS in Engineering and Applied Science from the California Institute of Technology

MANAGEMENT TEAM


Wayne Stevens, Chief Operating Officer Over 25 years experience in aerospace, finance, and co-founded over a dozen successful US and

International technology companies

SVP Operations at eSolar; managed Site Acquisition, Project Development, Permitting, Finance and manufacturing functions from beginning of company through project development hand-off to NRG

Financial oversight and management of large engineering projects up to $300 M

Managed development and commercialization of over 20 products in aerospace and clean-tech markets

Co-Founder and President of Omni Systems, Co-Founder and EVP of Operation & Finance of Eco-Fueler, first ground-up CNG car in the US

BSME, Purdue University; MBA, University of Chicago

MANAGEMENT TEAM

Documents

Suntrough Energy Marketing Full Rev1a-1