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Sunoco Pipeline LP
Mariner Emergency Responder Outreach
Safety Pipeline LP
Safety Minute
Purpose
Familiarize responders with considerations for
responding to Liquefied Petroleum Gas pipeline
incidents
Introductions
Facilitator
Mike Anderson, MS
Sunoco Pipeline LP
Objectives
Participants will be able to:
Describe the general path of the Mariner West pipeline
through their community/region
Identify component parts of the pipeline
Describe hazards associated with Liquefied Petroleum
Gas
Describe two types of Liquefied Petroleum Gas
incidents/emergencies that may involve the Mariner West
pipeline
Describe emergency response procedures pertinent to
emergencies involving the Mariner West pipeline
Pipelines
More than 200,000 miles of petroleum pipelines in the United States
NTSB - safest method of transporting petroleum products
Transport 2/3 of all crude oil and refined products in US
Essential component of US infrastructure - Americans consume over 700
million gallons of petroleum products per day
Made of steel, covered with a protective coating and buried underground
Tested and maintained through the use of cleaning devices, diagnostic
tools, and cathodic protection
Maintaining safe pipeline operations is critical
In high population and environmentally sensitive areas known as High Consequence
Areas, Sunoco performs additional inspections and analyses as part of our Integrity
Management Program (IMP).
Additional information on Sunoco IMP efforts is available on our website:
www.sunocologistics.com
Mariner West pipeline
Mariner West 3 States, 19 Counties, 83 Municipalities
Michigan 5 Counties, 27 Municipalities Ohio 10 Counties, 42 Municipalities Pennsylvania 4 Counties, 14 Municipalities
Macomb 5 Municipalities Columbiana 1 Municipality Portage 6 Municipalities Allegheny 1 Municipality
Lenox Township Unity Township Atwater Township Findlay Township
Shelby Township Brimfield Township
Ray Township Huron 5 Municipalities Deerfield Township Beaver 8 Municipalities
Richmond Township Bronson Township Randolph Township Brighton Township
Washington Township Clarksfield Township Suffield Township Chippewa Township
Hartland Township Tallmadge Township Darlington Township
Monroe 5 Municipalities Peru Township Independence Township
Ash Township Sherman Township Seneca 5 Municipalities Industry Township
Erie Township Adams Township Potter Township
Frenchtown Township Lorain 3 Municipalities Jackson Township Raccoon Township
La Salle Township Brighton Township Liberty Township South Beaver Township
Monroe Township Penfield Township Pleasant Township
Wellington Township Thompson Township Lawrence 1 Municipality
Oakland 7 Municipalities Little Beaver Township
Bloomfield Township Lucas 2 Municipalities Summit 4 Municipalities
Farmington Hills Township Oregon City Bath Township Washington 4 Municipalities
Pontiac Township Toledo City Cuyahoga Falls Township Chartiers Township
Rochester Hills Township Stow Township Mount Pleasant Township
Rochester Township Mahoning 6 Municipalities Tallmadge Township Robinson Township
Southfield Township Berlin Township Smith Township
Troy Township Boardman Township Wood 6 Municipalities
Canfield Township Freedom Township
St. Clair 3 Municipalities Ellsworth Township Lake Township
Columbus Township Poland Township Montgomery Township
Marysville Township Springfield Township Northwood Township
St. Clair Township Perry Township
Medina 4 Municipalities Troy Township
Wayne 7 Municipalities Granger Township
Dearborn Heights Township Litchfield Township
Huron Township Medina Township
Inkster Township York Township
Livonia Township
Redford Township
Romulus Township
Taylor Township
Pipeline Components
Gathering lines
Pipelines from wellhead to
storage and treatment facilities
Pipeline Components
Transmission lines (Mariner West)
Large cross-country pipelines - move
product to consumer
Range in diameter from 6 to 42 inches
with pressures from 300 to 1500 psi
Mariner West – 8‖ and 10‖ internal
diameter pipes
Pipeline Components
Distribution lines
Move product from the transmission system and storage
facilities directly to the consumer
Line sizes range from ½ inch to 18 inches with pressure up to
250 psi on the distribution main
Pipeline Components
Pump Stations
Pump stations located
approximately every 37 miles
Flow pressure is lost through
friction loss and elevation
Pumps boost and maintain
pressure within the pipeline
Hazards
High pressures
High voltage
Gas
Pipeline Components
Valve Sites
Valve sites located about every
10 miles
Some valves are automated and
some are manually-operated
All pump stations and valve sites
are secured with fencing and
locked entry
Responders should not enter a
pump station or valve site unless
directed by pipeline company
officials
SXL valve site
Pipeline Maintenance Pipeline coated and uses cathodic protection (induced
electrical current) to prevent corrosion
Inline Inspection (Smart-pig) Inserted into the pipeline to detect scrapes, nicks, dents, gouges,
corrosion
Run every ~ five years
Sunoco Pipeline provides notifications to emergency
responders of major maintenance activities Flaring of product
Smart Pig runs
Road openings
Major excavation
Pipeline Maintenance
“Cleaning Pigs” “Smart Pig”
Pipeline Operations Constantly monitored/controlled by Pipeline Control
Center in Pennsylvania Operates 24/7/365 at
1-800-786-7440
Pipeline installed three to four feet under the surface but
may be deeper or shallower
SCADA – Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition
used to monitor the pipeline
Pipeline Operations
Aviation and Surface
Patrols • Conduct bi-weekly aerial patrol
(weather permitting)
• Federal requirement - interval
not to exceed 21 days
• Weekly foot patrols of the no-fly
zones (class B air space)
• Drive/walk the pipeline on
scheduled flight days when it
cannot be flown
National Pipeline Mapping System
National Pipeline Mapping System (NPMS)
Web-based tool that enables First Responders and community
members to identify general locations and contents of pipelines in
their region
Created by US DOT, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials
Safety Administration, in cooperation with other government
and industry representatives
NPMS Public Map Viewer allows the general public to view
maps of:
Transmission pipelines, LNG plants, and breakout tanks in one
selected county
Distribution and Gathering systems are not included in NPMS
National Pipeline Mapping System
First responder views are more refined than
what is available to the general public
Public safety agencies and local government
officials can access NPMS here:
www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov
National Pipeline Mapping System
Attributes in the NPMS
pipeline data layer include: Operator name
System and subsystem name
Diameter (voluntary data element)
General commodities transported
Interstate/intrastate designation
Operating status
(in service, abandoned, retired)
How Will You Know Where a Pipeline is Located?
Pipeline rights-of-way clearly identified by pipeline
markers along pipeline routes that identify the
approximate — NOT EXACT —location of the
pipeline
Pipeline markers - provide emergency responders
with critical info
Spaced at intervals that are within sight of the next
marker
Most pipelines are underground - protected from the
elements and minimizes interference with surface
uses
How Will You Know Where a Pipeline is Located?
Every pipeline marker contains information:
Company that operates the pipeline
Product transported
Phone number that should be called in the event
of an emergency
Markers do not indicate pipeline burial depth - this
will vary
Typically seen where pipeline intersects a street,
highway, railway or navigable waterway
Federal crime to deface, damage, remove or destroy
any pipeline marker
How Will You Know Where a Pipeline is Located?
Pipeline Marker
Most commonly seen
Contains Sunoco Pipeline
information, type of product, and our
emergency contact number
Size, shape and color may vary
Aerial Marker
Skyward facing markers are used by
patrol planes that monitor pipeline
routes
Casing Vent Marker
Indicates that a pipeline (protected by
a steel outer casing) passes beneath a
nearby roadway, rail line or other
crossing
Pipeline markers
Aerial marker Casing Vent markers
How Will You Know Where a Pipeline is Located?
Report damaged markers to Sunoco at 1-800-786-7440 (24/7/365)
How Will You Know Where a Pipeline is Located?
15
Mariner Product
Ethane
Natural gas is a hydrocarbon that can be processed to
produce natural gas liquids (NGLs) and liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG)
Natural gas from the Marcellus Shale fields in
Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Ohio is processed into
products such as ethane, propane, butane, iso butane, and
pentane
These products can be used in petrochemical plants,
burned for home heating and cooking, and blended into
gasoline
Mariner West will carry ethane (LPG)
Mariner Product
Ethane characteristics
Boiling point
Temperature at which a liquid
changes its phase to a vapor or gas
The temperature at which the
vapor pressure of the liquid equals
atmospheric pressure
Boiling point of ethane is -127°F
When released, liquid ethane will
immediately vaporize
Expansion ratio of ethane: 437:1
Mariner Product
Ethane characteristics
Specific gravity
Weight of a solid or liquid
material compared with the weight
of an equal volume of water
Water has a value of ―1‖
Ethane = .546 (lighter than water)
If release is underwater, gas will
rise to surface and vaporize
Mariner Product
Ethane characteristics
Vapor density
Weight of a pure vapor or gas
compared with the weight of an
equal volume of dry air at same
temperature and pressure
Air has a value of ―1‖
Informs the emergency responder
as to whether the product is
lighter or heavier than air
Ethane = 1.1 (slightly heavier
than air)
Mariner Product
Ethane characteristics
Flammable Range
Range of gas or vapor
concentration (% by volume of
air) that will burn or explode if an
ignition source is present
Informs emergency responders as
to what mixture of air to vapor
will support combustion
Ethane has a range of 2.9 to 13%
2.9% 13%
TOO
LEAN TOO
RICH
Mariner Product
Ethane – General Hazards
Vapors
Initially heavier than air, spread along ground and
may travel to source of ignition and flash back
Colorless, tasteless and odorless
Under high pressure
Up to 1500 psi
Mariner Product
Ethane – General Hazards
Health Hazards
Easily ignited and will form explosive mixtures with air
May cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning
May be toxic if inhaled at high concentrations
Skin contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury
and/or frostbite
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases
Mariner Product
Ethane
CAS Number: 74-84-0
UN/NA ID: 1035
Odorless and colorless gas
at standard temperature
and pressure
Liquid under pressure
while in the pipeline
Stable and resistant to
reactivity
Soluble in water
1 4
0
3
Mariner Product
Ethane - Chemical Characteristics
Flashpoint: -211° F
Flammable Range:
2.9% - 13%
Vapor Density: 1.1
Specific gravity: .546
Expansion ratio: 437:1
Pipeline Incidents
Primary cause of pipeline
incidents is damage to the
pipeline caused by third party
activity
For the purpose of this training
session, pipeline incidents are
considered to be releases
Releases will considered as:
Not burning
Burning
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
How would you recognize a pipeline release? Sight
Discolored or abnormally dry soil/ vegetation
Continuous bubbling in wet or flooded areas
Oily sheen on water surfaces
Vaporous fogs or blowing dirt around a pipeline area
Dead or discolored plants in an otherwise healthy area of vegetation
or frozen ground in warm weather
Sound
Volume can range from a quiet hissing to a loud roar
Smell
Odorless
Pipeline Incidents
Recognizing a Release
Pipeline Incidents
Recognizing a Release
Pipeline Incidents
Recognizing a Release
Pipeline Incidents
Recognizing a Release
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures – 911 Dispatch
911 personnel play a critical role in effective response
to pipeline incidents
Knowing the pipeline operators, their contact
information, and the products transported in your
respective jurisdiction is important for prompt and
correct responses in the case of a pipeline incident
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures – 911 Dispatch
Follow these simple guidelines in the case of a pipeline
incident:
Gather the proper information (if possible): company,
product, and release characteristics
Know the appropriate response to the product
Know the wind direction at the time
Warn of ignition sources if possible
Dispatch appropriate emergency responders
Contact the pipeline company
1-800-786-7440 (24/7/365)
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
Secure the area around the release to a
safe distance
Verify the product involved - ethane
Refer to Guide 115 in the 2012 Emergency
Response Guidebook
Control access to the site
Highly Volatile Liquid (HVL) vapors
Heavier than air
Collect in low areas such as ditches, sewers
Can migrate great distances
Remove all ignition sources from the area
If safe, evacuate people from homes,
businesses, schools and other places of
assembly
Sheltering in place may be the safest action
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
If the pipeline release is
NOT burning,
DO NOT cause any open
flame or other potential
source of ignition such as
an electrical switch, vehicle
ignition, lighters/matches,
road flares, etc.
DO NOT start motor
vehicles or electrical
equipment
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
If the pipeline release is NOT
burning,
DO NOT ring doorbells
Knock with your hand to avoid
potential sparks from door
knockers
DO NOT drive into a vapor cloud
DO NOT attempt to operate any
pipeline valves
May inadvertently route more
product to the release or cause
a secondary incident
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
If the released gas IS
BURNING,
DO attempt to control
the spread of the fire
DO protect exposures
DO NOT attempt to
extinguish a product fire
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
If the released gas IS
BURNING,
If extinguished, petroleum
products, and vapors may collect
and explode if reignited by
secondary fire
DO NOT attempt to operate any
pipeline valves
May inadvertently route more
product to the release or cause
a secondary incident
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
Establish an Incident Command
Post
Use the Incident Command
System
Assign a Safety Officer
Work with pipeline representatives
as you develop a plan to address
the emergency through
ICS/Unified Command
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
Pipeline operator needs to know:
Your contact information and location
of the emergency
Size, characteristics and behavior of
the incident, and if there are any
primary or secondary fires
Any injuries or deaths
Proximity to any structures, buildings,
etc.
Environmental concerns such as bodies
of water, grasslands, endangered
wildlife and fish, etc.
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
Evacuate or shelter in place
May be necessary to evacuate the
public or have the public shelter in
place
Evacuation route and the location of
the incident will determine which
procedure is required, but both may be
necessary
Use 2012 Emergency Response
Guidebook
Evacuate to the upwind side of the
incident if necessary
Involving the pipeline company may
be important in making this decision
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures
Pump Stations
Types of problems Electrical fire
Fuel-fed fire
Non-ignited release
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures - Activity
Scenario 1
Pipeline Incidents
Emergency Response Procedures - Activity
Scenario 2
Recognizing Other Hazards
Hazards to the pipeline may extend beyond releases and fires
Security concerns exist along the pipeline
Observe, investigate, and report suspicious activities and
excavation in the vicinity of the pipeline
Note: Sunoco Pipeline employee(s) must be present for all
excavation near the pipeline
If you don’t see a white truck with the Sunoco Pipeline logo
and pipeline employees at a dig site, ask excavator if they
made a One Call and if a pipeline representative approved
No one knows your community better than you
―See something, Say something‖
Other Hazards
Recognizing Suspicious Activity
Vehicles and equipment without
markings or identification
People ―casing‖ the pipeline or access
points to the right of way
Taking photos in the pipeline right-of-way
Asking specific questions about the
pipeline, its location and products
Observation of or questions about pipeline
security measures
Signs of vandalism, loitering, or other
suspicious activity
Transportation Security Administration
TSA has developed pipeline-
related resources for the law
enforcement community
Pipeline security training
materials, including CD-ROMs
and DVDs are free upon
request
http://www.tsa.gov/stakeholders/pipeline-security
http://www.tsa.gov/stakeholders/training-and-exercises
Annual Emergency Responder Liaison Meetings
Meetings normally take place
Michigan in January/February
Ohio in April/May
Pennsylvania in August/September
Feature a good meal and important pipeline safety
information from different pipeline operators
Provide email contact info on sign-in sheet
Will receive an invite to future training sessions
811 – One Call
Unintentional damage to utilities
can disrupt service to an entire
community
Federally-mandated, national "Call
Before You Dig" number
Aids in prevention of unintentional
contact with underground utility
lines while digging, excavating, etc.
Every digging job requires a call
Objectives
Participants will be able to:
Describe the general path of the Mariner West pipeline
through their community/region
Identify component parts of the pipeline
Describe hazards associated with ethane
Describe two types of incidents/emergencies that may
involve the Mariner West pipeline
Describe emergency response procedures pertinent to
emergencies involving the Mariner West pipeline
Brief Session Evaluation
Sunoco Pipeline LP thanks
you for your participation
Please ensure that you
signed the check-in sheet
Please complete the brief
session evaluation
Helps to make future
programs more effective
Sunoco Pipeline LP
Mariner Emergency Responder Outreach
Additional information on the pipelines in your community is
available by contacting Sunoco Logistics at 877-795-7271 or from
www.sunocologistics.com.
Kevin Docherty
Public Education & Damage Prevention Coordinator
Thank you!
Field Operations Supervisors:
Matt Studer
Sunoco Pipeline LP
Mariner Emergency Responder Outreach
Information Sources
Pipeline Emergencies, 2nd Edition, E-Book
Callan, Hildebrand, Noll
http://www.pipelineemergencies.com/program.html
Pipeline Safety brochure
Sunoco Logistics - http://www.sunocologistics.com/Public-Awareness/Public-Awareness-Program/110
Sunoco Logistics website
http://www.sunocologistics.com/
2012 Emergency Response Guidebook
U.S. Department of Transportation / Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
Administration
Web version available at: http://phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Hazmat/ERG2012.pdf
Safety Pipeline LP
Safe Driving Minute
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