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Sun Sun ExposureExposure
The learning goal:Describe the effects from
the most prominent object in our solar system – the
Sun
Ultraviolet Radiation
Primary Source = natural: the Sun!!!
Secondary Source = artificial: tanning beds
Types of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR)
UVA rays Weakest rays Impairs skin’s immune defense Causes melanoma, wrinkling, premature
aging Prevalent in tanning salons (which emit 5X
more UVA than natural sunlight!)
Types of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR)
UVB Rays Stronger than UVA rays Affects skin’s outer layers
– Causes sunburn, skin aging, basal and squamous cell cancers
More intense during summer, closer to equator, and at higher altitudes
Prolonged exposure can also alter the immune system!
Types of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR)
UVC Rays Strongest, most dangerous rays Receive little attention from scientists and
doctors Are usually filtered by the ozone layer and
don’t reach Earth.
Youth are at risk because….
They have high levels of sun exposure, They have low levels of sun protection, They have many outdoor jobs
– Lifeguards, tree planters, student painters, camp counselors, etc.
They work many spring/summer jobs when they are out of school and the sun is strongest!
How Skin Cancer is Caused
UVR lowers the body’s immune system & makes it hard to destroy defective cells
Skin is tanned and/or burned via exposure Damage is done to cells and DNA Some cells die; some repair themselves by
getting rid of the damaged DNA– Cells that cannot repair themselves, become defective– Defective cells that are not destroyed slowly grow and
produce a tumor.
Three kinds of Skin Cancer Exist!
Melanoma Basal Cell cancer Squamous cell cancer Actinic/solar
keratoses (“pre-malignant”)
Did you know….
1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer?
a person’s risk of developing skin cancer doubles if they have > 5 sunburns?
Women with basal cell cancer TRIPLED from 1976 – 2003?
Women with squamous cell cancer QUADRUPLED from 1976-2003?
Melanoma
Least common; most serious
Starts as flat brown spot (~ freckle)
Asymmetrical shape Common on upper
back in men; calf & back in women
Basal Cell Cancer
On sun-exposed areas Starts as blister-like
bump Can grow and
eventually becomes crusted
Usually spot is clear/flesh colored; can be pigmented
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Develops on background of severe sun damage
Has scaling with pink or brown coloring
On sun-exposed areas Scaling can be picked
off but reforms
Actinic/Solar Keratoses
Are “pre-malignant” Some will develop
into squamous cell carcinoma– The scaly lesions will
become harder, elevated, and more crusted
Negative Aspects
Wrinkles Brown sunspots on your skin Aging Possible death Need for surgery or chemotherapy to
remove cancer
Why is it important to be informed?
Melanoma, the most dangerous skin cancer, is almost always curable when it is detected early.
It can be prevented by being sun wise Early detection is key! The sun is fun, but can become dangerous Children need help protecting themselves
Barriers of Communication
“It won’t happen to me” attitude Tans are seen as attractive Can be a result of childhood burns People are in the sun often enjoying sports,
beaches, parks, etc. Being protective is a nuisance to some Not being informed of the proper
prevention techniques
PROTECT YOURSELF!
Reduce sun exposure between 10am – 4pm
Seek (or create your own) shade
Wear clothing that covers your body
Use sunglasses and wide brimmed hats
Apply sunscreen with SPF15 or higher
Use these precautions on cloudy or overcast days as well.
Did you know??? Year-round sun protection is important The sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation can
penetrate many types of clothes? It can also go through automobile and residential
windows? It can damage your eyes, contributing to cataracts,
macular degeneration, and eyelid cancers? When you're on snow or ice, your face and eyes
are at almost twice the risk of UV damage because of reflected glare?
The American Cancer Society estimates 8,790 deaths from skin cancer in 2011
Risk factors that increase the chances of skin cancer…
Unprotected exposure to UV radiation Fair complexion Family history Multiple or atypical moles Severe sunburns as a child
What are the signs of skin cancer?
Any change on the skin, especially in the size or color of a mole or other darkly pigmented growth or spot, or a new growth
Scaly-ness, oozing, bleeding, or change in the appearance of a bump or nodule
The spread of pigmentation beyond its border such as dark coloring that spreads past the edge of a mole or mark
A change in sensation, itchiness, tenderness, or pain
Sun Exposure Quiz
1. Wear protective clothing that serves as a barrier between the skin and the sun.
T F
2. Use a sunscreen with sun protection factor of 15 or more if outdoor s during the midday.
T F
3. Melanoma incidence has been steadily rising, affecting people of all ages.
T F
4. Farm workers are continually at risk of developing skin cancer of the head, face, ears, or neck.
T F
5. Skin cancer cannot be associated with a single event, such as a painful sunburn, but rather with the progressive changes in the skin's makeup over years of sun exposure.
T F
Answer Key1. T2. T3. T4. T5. T