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Worksheet 1 Living things ...................... Worksheet 2 Classification of living
things ................................ Worksheet 3 Plant classification ............. Worksheet 4 Plant nutrition .................... Worksheet 5 Plant reproduction ............. Worksheet 6 Invertebrates ..................... Worksheet 7 Arthropods and molluscs ... Worksheet 8 Vertebrates: fish,
amphibians, reptiles and birds ...........................
Worksheet 9 Vertebrates: mammals .......
5 Primary
Reinforcement and extension
Science, Geography and History
Contents
Reinforcement Worksheets
Worksheet 10 The digestive process ........
Worksheet 11 Respiration and excretion ...
Worksheet 12 Circulation .........................
Worksheet 13 Matter and its properties ....
Worksheet 14 Changes in matter and changes of state..........
Worksheet 15 The atmosphere and the hydrosphere..........
Worksheet 16 The geosphere...................
Worksheet 17 Changes in the surface of the Earth........................
Worksheet 18 Landscapes .......................
Worksheet 19 Coastal landscapes ............
Worksheet 20 Rivers ................................
Worksheet 21 The watersheds of Spain ....
Worksheet 22 Climate ..............................
Worksheet 23 Population .........................
Worksheet 24 Population movement ........
Worksheet 25 The population of Spain .....
Worksheet 26 Work .................................
Worksheet 27 Economic sectors ..............
Worksheet 28 Prehistory ..........................
Worksheet 29 Antiquity ............................
Worksheet 30 The Visigoths .....................
Worksheet 31 Al Andalus and the first Christian kingdoms ............
Worksheet 32 The Early Modern period.... Worksheet 33 Modern and Contemporary
Spain.................................
Extension Worksheets
Worksheet 1 .................. 36 Worksheet 6 ............... 46 Worksheet 11 ............... 56 Worksheet 2 .................. 38 Worksheet 7 ............... 48 Worksheet 12 ............... 58 Worksheet 3 .................. 40 Worksheet 8 ............... 50 Worksheet 13 ............... 60 Worksheet 4 .................. 42 Worksheet 9 ............... 52 Worksheet 14 ............... 62 Worksheet 5 .................. 44 Worksheet 10 ............... 54
Santillana
The Reinforcement and extension Worksheets for Science, Geography and History,
New Science, for Year 5 of Primary Education is a collective work, created, written
and developed in the Primary Education department at Santillana Educación, S.L.
under the supervision of JOSÉ LUIS ALZU GOÑI.
Ilustrations: Domingo Benito, Nacho Gómez and José Santos
Content Editor: Mar García
English Language Specialist: Jeannette West
English Language Editor: Mady Musiol
Editorial Coordination: Michele C. Guerrini
© 2006 by Richmond Publishing 4 Kings Street Cloisters Albion Place London W6 0QT
© 2006 by Santillana Educación, S.L. Torrelaguna, 60, 28043 Madrid
Richmond Publishing is an imprint of Santillana Educación, S.L.
CP: 886992 Depósito legal:
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrie- val system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
Worksheet
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Remember
In nature there are living things and non-living things. Living things depend on three basic life processes: nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction. Living things are made up of cells.
1. Match the two columns.
Reproduction
Ingest food substances, transform them for their utilisation and eliminate waste.
Nutrition
Sensitivity
Perceive what is happening around them and respond to what they perceive. Create offspring similar to themselves.
2. Label the parts of the plant cell.
nucleus cytoplasm membrane wall
3. True or False? Write T or F.
A cell is the smallest unit which makes up living and non-living things.
Cells have three parts: membrane, nucleus and plasma.
Cells group together to form tissues.
Living things made up of many cells are called unicellular. ■ Living things 3
Worksheet
2 Reinforcement Name Date
4 ■ Classification of living things
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Remember
Living things are classified into large groups called kingdoms. The three principal kingdoms are the animal kingdom, the plant kingdom and the fungi kingdom.
1. Label the pictures: animal kingdom, plant kingdom or fungi kingdom.
2. Match the characteristics to the kingdom.
They make their own food.
They are anchored to the ground. Animals
They have a nervous system and sense organs.
Plants
They depend on other living things for food. Fungi
They move from one place to another.
■ Answer the questions.
• How are fungi and plants similar?
• How are fungi and animals similar?
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Remember
Plants can be classified into: non-flowering plants and flowering plants.
Non-flowering plants never produce flowers or seeds. They reproduce with spores. Examples are mosses and ferns.
Flowering plants produce flowers and seeds to reproduce. They can be classified into angiosperms and gymnosperms.
1. Complete the word map.
Plants
non-f p f p
m f a g 2. Complete the sentences.
stems spores fruit cones
gymnosperms angiosperms
• are special cells which germinate and create a new plant
in the right conditions.
• Ferns have thick underground and large leaves.
• Gymnosperm seeds are grouped together in .
• Angiosperm seeds develop inside the .
• are called deciduous plants. This is the most numerous plant group.
• Most are trees.
■ Plant classification 5
Worksheet
4 Reinforcement Name Date
6 ■ Plant nutrition
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Remember
Plants make their own food in a process called photosynthesis. They need water, minerals, carbon dioxide and sunlight. Plants also breathe.
1. Label the drawing.
carbon dioxide •
xylem vessels •
•
raw sap
water and minerals
•
2. Complete the word map.
water food minerals oxygen sunlight
Photosynthesis
plant leaf
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Remember
Plants use sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction to reproduce.
• Sexual reproduction uses flowers and seeds. There are three stages: pollination, seed formation and fruit formation.
• Asexual reproduction uses other plant parts like tubers, bulbs or stolons.
1. Label the parts of the flower.
ovary sepal petal stamens ovules
•
•
• •
•
2. Order the stages of plant reproduction. Write 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
The flower changes into a fruit.
Pollination takes place.
Pollen forms on the stamen.
The seeds germinate.
Seeds form inside the fruit.
3. Match the two columns.
Bulbs are horizontal stems which develop roots and create new plants when a node touches the ground.
Stolons are thick subterranean stems which store many nutritive substances.
Tubers are horizontal, subterranean stems.
■ Plant reproduction 7
Worksheet
6 Reinforcement Name Date
8 ■ Invertebrates
Worksheet
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Remember
Fish live in water, have skin covered with scales, breathe through gills and are oviparous.
Amphibians live in water when they are born and on land when they are adults. They develop lungs, are oviparous, and their skin has no protective covering.
Reptiles have skin covered with hard scales, breathe through lungs and lay eggs on land.
Birds have skin covered with feathers, have wings, breathe through lungs and lay eggs on land.
1. Identify the invertebrate groups.
birds fish reptiles amphibians
• They live in water and breathe through gills.
• They are born in water and their skin has no protective covering.
• They have scales and breathe through lungs.
• They lay eggs on land and have wings. 2. Complete the table. Tick ✓ the boxes.
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds
Oviparous ✓
Lungs
Gills
Scales ✓
3. What do fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds have in common? Tick ✓.
They are invertebrates. They breathe through gills. They have legs.
They have scales. They are oviparous. They swim.
They have feathers. They breathe through lungs. They are vertebrates.
10 ■ Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds
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Remember
Mammal characteristics: most have four limbs; a body covered with hair or fur; they breathe air through lungs; the young develop inside the female’s body and feed on the mother’s milk; they are warm-blooded.
The principal mammal groups are: marsupials, primates, ruminants, carnivores, bats, cetaceans, rodents and insect eaters.
1. Tick ✓ the words which describe mammals.
animal
vertebrate
hair
legs
lungs
viviparous
terrestrial
carnivore 2. Label the pictures with the mammal group each animal belongs to.
r p r
c b c 3. Use the words to identify the animal described.
bats cetaceans primates insect eaters
• They have eyes on the front of the head.
• They are the only mammals which fly.
• They have no hind limbs.
• They have many small, sharp teeth.
■ Vertebrates: mammals 11
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Remember
Everything in the universe is made up of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
Matter can be classified into: pure substances, which are made of only one kind of element or compound, or mixtures, which are made of several pure substances.
Matter has general properties like mass and volume, and characteristic properties like density.
1. Identify and write pure substance or mixture.
• bread
• flour
• water
• granite
■ What is the difference between pure substances and mixtures? Explain.
2. Use the words to describe a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture.
Rememberthat individual components cannot be distinguished in homogeneous mixtures, but in heterogeneous mixtures they can.
marbles flour milk sugar cocoa water
Homogeneous mixture
Heterogeneous mixture
3. Match each property of matter with the correct definition.
Mass per unit volume. Volume
The amount of matter in an object. Density
The amount of space an object occupies. Mass
Worksheet
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■ Matter and its properties 15
Worksheet
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Remember
Matter can undergo chemical changes like oxidation, combustion and putrefaction, and physical changes like fragmentation, expansion, movement, contraction, as well as changes of state.
When matter changes from one state to another, a change of state occurs. There are six types of changes: melting, solidification, boiling, evaporation, condensation and sublimation.
1. Identify the change of matter taking place.
• A substance changes when it burns. c
• An object changes position. m
• An object gets bigger when the temperature rises. e
• A substance changes when it reacts with oxygen. o
• An object gets smaller when it is cooled. c
• An organic substance changes when it decomposes. p
■ Now classify the changes.
Physical changes
Chemical changes 2. Identify and write the change of state taking place.
b m c
16 ■ Changes in matter and changes of state
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Remember
The atmosphere is the layer of air which surrounds the Earth. It is made up of various layers. The troposphere is the lowest layer. Plants and animals can only live here, and weather phenomena occur here.
The hydrosphere is all the water on the planet.
The water cycle is the constant circulation of water on the Earth.
1. Complete the text.
stratosphere air ozone troposphere atmosphere oxygen
The is the layer of air which surrounds the Earth.
is a mixture of gases, but it is mostly nitrogen and .
The atmosphere is made up of various layers. The lowest layer is the ;
the only layer where plants and animals can live. Weather phenomena occur here. The
next layer is the . The upper part of this layer contains an area with
a high concentration of ozone, called the layer.
2. Label the stages of the water cycle.
evaporation
condensation
solidification
melting ■ The atmosphere and the hydrosphere 17
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Remember
The geosphere is the solid part of the Earth. It has three layers: crust, mantle and core.
Rocks are natural materials which make up the Earth’s crust. Rocks are made of minerals. Rocks can be classified into three types, depending on how they are formed: sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic.
1. Label the parts of the geosphere.
m
•
• •
c
c 2. Tick ✓ the correct answer.
• The geosphere …
… is the part of the Earth which is under the oceans.
… is the solid part of the Earth.
• Rocks are …
… solid materials which make up the Earth’s crust and mantle.
… natural materials which make up the Earth’s crust.
• Minerals are …
… pure substances which make up rocks.
… very hard rocks.
• Depending on how they are formed, rocks can be …
… minerals.
… sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic.
18 ■ The geosphere
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Remember
The surface of the Earth changes continuously. Some changes originate internally, such as volcanoes and earthquakes. Other changes originate externally as a result of erosion, transport and deposition or sedimentation.
1. Write the correct word. Then use the words to label the drawing.
• Very hot liquid rock. l
• An area around the crater where materials v accumulate.
• A circular opening at the top of the volcano. c
• A vent through which the magma goes up. v
•
•
• •
2. Match the two columns.
Erosion Movement of eroded material.
Transport The processes which leave eroded materials in other places.
Deposition and sedimentation
Removal of soil and rock material by wind, water or ice.
■ Changes in the surface of the Earth 19
Worksheet
18 Reinforcement Name Date
20 ■ Landscapes
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Remember
All the different features of the surface of the Earth make up the landscapes.
Mountain landscapes include mountains and valleys.
Plains are large areas of flat land with no hills or slopes. They include plateaus, depressions, and coastal plains.
1. Look at the drawing. Match the two columns.
mountain
mountain range
valley
mountain chain
hill plateau
plains
depression
mountain • valley •
mountain range • mountain chain •
plateau • depression •
plains • hill •
• very low mountains
• low areas between mountains
• large areas of flat land
• several mountains grouped together
• plains which are lower than the surrounding land
• raised part of the surface of the Earth
• a long line of mountains
• plains with a very high altitude
■ Explain the difference between plains and mountains.
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Remember
The coast is the area where the land meets the sea. Coastal plains are low-lying coasts and often have long, sandy beaches. Mountainous or very elevated coasts are called high coasts. They usually have rocky cliffs and coves.
Some coastal landforms are: capes, gulfs, peninsulas, islands, marshes and estuaries.
1. Look at the drawing.
cape gulf
estuary
bay
island
archipelago
isthmus
peninsula lagoon
marsh
■ Use coastal landforms to complete the sentences.
• An e is a tidal opening where part of a river meets the sea.
• A g is a place where the sea extends into the land.
• A p is a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water.
• A m is a wetland which forms near the mouth of a river.
• A i is a piece of land completely surrounded by water. ■ Coastal landscapes 21
Worksheet
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22 ■ Rivers
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Remember
Rivers are moving bodies of water. They originate in the mountains and flowinto the sea, a lake or another river. We can distinguish three elements in a river:
The course is the route a river takes from its source to the mouth.
The flow is the amount of water a river carries.
The flow regime is the flow pattern of a river during the year.
1. Match the two columns.
Flow The flow pattern of a river during the year.
Flow regime A moving body of water.
Curso The amount of water that a river carries.
Río The route a river takes from its source to the mouth. 2. Complete and label the three courses of a river.
u c
The river is narrow and the water moves swiftly.
l c
The river is wider and the water moves very slowly.
m c
The river is wide and the water flows slowly.
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Remember
Rivers that flow into the same sea belong to the same watershed.
The rivers in Spain belong to three watersheds: the Cantabrian, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.
1. Look at the map. Write the name of one river in each watershed.
B a y o f B i s c a y
F R A N C E
A N D O R R A
The Cantabrian watershed ▼
A
R
U B a l e a r i c
I s l a n d s
The Mediterranean watershed ▼
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
C a n a r y I s l a n d s
Ceuta
Melilla
WATERSHEDS
Cantabrian
Mediterranean
Atlantic
SCALE
127
Kilometres
The Atlantic watershed ▼
2. Complete the sentences.
Cantabrian Mediterranean Atlantic
• The rivers in the watershed are short and have irregular flow regimes, except for the Ebro.
• The rivers in the watershed have abundant flow and regular flow regimes like the Mino and Duero.
• The rivers in the watershed are short, swift rivers with regular flow regimes and abundant flow like the Nalon.
■ The watersheds of Spain 23
Worksheet
28 Reinforcement Name Date
30 ■ Prehistory
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Remember
Prehistory extends from the time the first human beings appeared up to the invention of writing. It can be divided into two periods:
The Stone Age gets its name from the stone used to make simple tools. This period can be divided into the Palaeolithic and the Neolithic.
The Age of Metals gets its name from the metals used to make tools. In this period, people invented the plough and wheel, and also built the first cities.
1. Look at the pictures. Then complete the sentences.
A B
Stone arrowheads Bronze head
• Picture A is from the because
• Picture B is from the because 2. Complete the word map.
Prehistory
Age of Age of
P N
Worksheet
29 Reinforcement Name Date
31 ■ Antiquity
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Remember
Antiquity is the first period of recorded history. On the Iberian Peninsula, Antiquity can be divided into two periods:
In pre-Roman times, the peninsula was inhabited by Iberian and Celtic tribes. Later came the colonising civilisations: Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians.
Roman times began more than two thousand years ago when the Romans conquered the peninsula after defeating the Carthaginians.
1. Order the arrival of the civilisations on the peninsula. Write 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Phoenicians
Romans
Greeks
Iberians and Celts Carthaginians
2. Look at the map. What does it represent? Tick ✓ the correct answer.
GALLAETIA
TARRACONENSIS
The Roman provinces of Hispania.
Prehistoric archaeological sites.
LUSITANIA
CARTAGINENSIS
The first inhabitants.
Roman roads.
BAETICA
■ Write the names of the Roman provinces in Hispania.
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Remember
In 409, different Germanic tribes invaded Roman Hispania. The Vandals, Alans and Suevi arrived first. The Visigoths came later.
The Visigoths ruled over the entire peninsula. Toledo was the capital of their kingdom.
The Visigoth kings unified religion and laws throughout the peninsula.
1. True or False? Write T or F.
In 409 Germanic tribes invaded Hispania. The Visigoths unified the peninsula.
Toledo was the capital of the Visigoth kingdom. The Germanic tribes were Romans. 2. Complete the table.
They came
from … They invaded Hispania
in the year … They came after the …
The Visigoths
3. Tick the correct answer.
• Who were the Visigoths?
The Visigoths were a Germanic tribe from central Europe who settled on the peninsula.
The Visigoths were allies of the Romans.
• Which Visigoth king unified the laws?
Reccared
Recceswinth
• What language and religion did the Visigoths adopt?
Latin and Christianity Greek and Islam
• Where did the Visigoths live?
In cities. In villages.
32 ■ The Visigoths
Worksheet
31 Reinforcement Name Date
33 ■ Al Andalus and the first Christian kingdoms
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Remember
In 711 a small force of Muslims invaded the Iberian Peninsula. Al Andalus was the name Muslims gave to the land they conquered.
Around the year 100, Al Andalus broke up into small independent kingdoms called taifas.
The Christians remained in the north of the peninsula. In 1230 the Christian territory was divided into four large kingdoms: the Kingdom of Navarre, the Crown of Aragon, the Crown of Castile and Portugal.
In 1492, the Catholic Monarchs conquered Granada, the last taifa kingdom.
1. When did these events occur? Write the year.
• A force of Muslims invaded the peninsula.
• Al Andalus was divided into taifas.
• The Catholic Monarchs conquered the Kingdom of Granada.
• The Christian territories were divided into four large kingdoms.
2. Complete the sentences.
caliph king mosque Romanesque
• A Muslim temple is called a .
• The maximum authority of Al Andalus was a .
• At the beginning of the Middle Ages, Christians used an artistic style called
.
• The maximum authority of the Christians was a .
3. What were taifas? Explain
websites http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/earth.html http://www.topmarks.co.uk/Interactive.aspx?cat=68 http://www.topmarks.co.uk/Interactive.aspx?cat=96 http://www.globalclassroom.org/2005/inservice/science.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/index_flash.shtml http://www.xtec.es/~ealonso/flash/mapasflash.htm http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/highmiddle/reconquista.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/primary/geography/