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From tea to green, chemistry is a part of everyday life.
Catalyst THE MAGAZINE OF CANADA’S CHEMICAL PRODUCERS
Summer 2007
INSIDE THIS ISSUE:
Green Chemistry
INEOS’s LAO Plant
Water Stewardship Principles
296638Imperial Oil Ltd., Chemicals
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CHEMICAL
Responsible Care®
Beyond what’s required.ISO 9000/14000
A grant from Imperial helped a wetlands society in Bonnyville, Alta., build a 10 kilometerwalking trail and viewing stands where hikers can take a break while reading about the floraand fauna of the surrounding wetlands.
When we manufacture and sell our products, we work to avoidupsetting that balance. It’s part of the Responsible Care Program. Itincludes our commitment to develop products that minimize risk topeople and to educate them on their use. Energy and petrochemicalsare essential to economic growth; however their production andconsumption need not conflict with protecting health and safety or withsafeguarding the environment.
*Trademarks of Imperial Oil Limited. Imperial Oil, licensee. ®Trademark of the Canadian Chemical Producers’ Association. Used under license by Imperial Oil.
Life is a delicate balance…
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Catalyst Summer 2007 • 5
CCPA
EditorMichael Bourque
Vice President, Public Affairs
Assistant EditorNancy Marchi
Public Affairs Co-ordinator
President & CEORichard Paton
Association OfficeCanadian Chemical Producers’
Association805-350 Sparks StreetOttawa, ON K1R 7S8Tel.: (613) 237-6215Fax: (613) 237-4061
Web site: www.ccpa.ca
NAYLOR
PublisherJ. David Ritter
EditorJanine Strom
Project ManagerKim Davies
Senior Sales ManagerSteve Urias
Sales Representatives Robert Bartmanovich,
Andrew Arlukiewicz, Cheryll Oland, Dawn Stokes, Drew Petursson,
Ken Hodgert, Matt Offer, Norma Walchuk, Pat Johnston,
Wayne Jury
ResearchHeather Zimmerman
Layout & DesignBarry Senyk
Advertising ArtGregg Paris
Editorial Office
Naylor (Canada), Inc.2 Bloor Street West, Suite 2001
Toronto, ON M4W 3E2Tel: (416) 961-1028Fax: (416) 924-4408
Catalyst is published four times per year by Naylor (Canada),
Inc. for the Canadian Chemical Producers’ Association (CCPA). The CCPA represents over 70 chemical manufacturers, which collectively produce more than 90 per cent of
all chemicals in Canada. Responsible Care®, an initiative of Canada’s
Chemical Producers, is an ethic for the safe and environmentally sound
management of chemicals throughout their life cycle. Invented in Canada,
Responsible Care is now practiced in 47 countries.
Copyright by the CCPA. All rights reserved. The views expressed in this
magazine do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher or the CCPA.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in
whole or in part, without the prior consent of the association.
Published June 2007CDC-Q0207/5755
Canadian Publications Mail Agreement #40064978
Postage Paid at Winnipeg
FEATURES
10 GREEN CHEMISTRY: THE NEXT GENERATION OF RESPONSIBLE CAREGreen chemistry is efficient, economical and environmentally friendly.By Harvey F. Chartrand
15 CCPA ON TRACKCCPA was front and centre in its advocacy efforts when trains stopped running earlier this year.By Julien Lavoie
17 MATTER? CHEMISTS KNOW WHAT MATTERSIs there lead in your drinking water? Are there estrogenic ingredients in your cosmetics? Are there plasticizers in your microwaved foods? Ask a chemist.By Joe Schwarcz
COLUMNS
7 Edifications (Guest Contributor)Can Anything Be “Made in Canada”?By Richard Paton
8 Responsible Care®CCPA Develops Water Stewardship PrinciplesBy Harvey F. Chartrand
DEPARTMENTS
19 Corporate Profile INEOS’s LAO Plant at Joffre, Alberta
21 Buyers’ Guide and Index to Advertisers
22 Fun Facts
22 Logistics Load Out
15
22
10
Contentsvolume 4, number 2, SUMMER 2007
6 • Catalyst Summer 2007
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Catalyst Summer 2007 • 7
Edifications (Guest Contributor)
IN THIS ISSUE
Richard Paton
CAN ANYTHING BE “MADE IN CANADA”?
CAN MANUFACTURERS COMPETE if they are based in Canada? The competi-tiveness scorecards produced by the Canadian Chemical Producers’ Asso-ciation (found at www.ccpa.ca) show that many of the key business indica-tors, such as energy costs, taxation and regulation are getting worse, and the business case for investing in Canada is rapidly declining.
Our analysis shows that govern-ments are currently part of the prob-lem with respect to manufacturing job losses. Favouring certain sectors with subsidies, or running after com-pany executives after a plant closure announcement is not the way to create industrial policy. We have also learned that investor confidence has two com-ponents. The first is competitiveness benchmarks: an objective comparison of inputs, such as energy costs, trans-portation infrastructure and plant con-struction costs. The second is investor perceptions: a subjective feeling about work attitude, socio-political stability and other indicators.
Simply put, investors look for the right business conditions to invest in Canada. If they aren’t there, invest-ment dollars flow very rapidly else-where, without remorse or guilt. Manufacturing industries, like the chemical industry, are not looking for subsidies or handouts to win these new investments.
To gain investor confidence, we don’t need partisan politics. Instead, all parties should urgently work togeth-er, as they did recently in Ottawa, to identify the issues that are within our control, including government poli-cies.
by the Parliamentary Committee on Industry, chaired by James Rajotte (Conservative MP for Edmonton Southwest). The committee exam-ined manufacturing woes and issued a unanimous report with 22 recom-mendations. Its first recommendation – a two-year capital cost allowance for new investments in plant and equip-ment – was introduced in federal Finance Minister Jim Flaherty’s bud-get and then in Ontario and Quebec. This is a very encouraging sign that we can work together. Manufacturing closures will continue if we don’t work hard to understand the problems and keep working on solutions.
Some analysts point out that over-all, the Canadian economy is doing well in terms of growth rate, infla-tion and job creation. While jobs are disappearing in some areas like manufacturing, others are being cre-ated elsewhere in the economy. These arguments ignore the impact on com-munities where manufacturing is vital, but more importantly, they ignore the opportunity cost. We are a resource-rich nation, and we should be creating valuable products from our natural resources instead of shipping them in raw form to be upgraded elsewhere. Upgrading Canadian natural resources creates wealth for Canadians.
Canada has a well-trained and edu-cated workforce and ever-improving infrastructure – but today’s global inves-tors take that as a given. We can com-pete in today’s global marketplace if we have the right business conditions, the attitude and the desire to restore our proud legacy as a leading manufacturing centre in North America. A
Richard Paton is President and CEO, Canadian Chemical Producers’ Asso-ciation. He can be reached at [email protected].
Canada has witnessed a series of plant closures, especially in Ontario and Quebec. Hershey’s, the famous chocolate factory in Smiths Falls (Ont.), is one of the latest casualties. But there have been many others, including pulp and paper plants across Canada; auto-mobile plants [Ford, Chrysler and GM in southern Ontario]; and in the chem-ical sector, there have been four plant closures in Ontario alone.
What is disturbing about these clo-sures is that many were productive, modern facilities. For example, ERCO’s sodium chlorate facility was the most productive plant in the business but had to close solely because Ontario’s electricity prices are no longer com-petitive. Ontario used to enjoy a com-petitive advantage when it came to electricity: modern generation with a mix of fuels; reliable transmission infra-structure and a young, highly skilled workforce. Now our electricity rates are among the highest in Canada.
These lost jobs are just the tip of the iceberg. According to Statistics Cana-da, Canada lost 149,000 manufacturing jobs since 2002 – 100,000 of these in 2005 alone. Ontario manufacturing has lost 74,000 jobs since 2003. The com-bined impacts of these job losses for the employment and tax base of communi-ties is very significant.
All of these closures have some-thing in common: overcapacity in industries such as auto manufacturing and pulp and paper; global competi-tion from the Far East; the high dol-lar; and rising energy and other costs of doing business. Some of these ele-ments are the result of global forces that are unlikely to change, and oth-ers are directly linked to federal and provincial government policy.
Recently we have seen some federal government leadership for manufac-turing, following the excellent work
8 • Catalyst Summer 2007
REINFORCING ITS COMMITMENT to responsible water usage, the Cana-dian Chemical Producers’ Associa-tion (CCPA) has formulated six water stewardship principles which were presented to the Leadership Groups for their review and consideration.
CCPA members use water in many ways in their operations and products. Ready access to water is a key factor in the chemical industry’s competitive-ness. While water-related issues vary widely from iregion to region, CCPA believes that these six principles will lead to the development of a formal policy on the responsible management of water supplies.
Here are the main points of the water stewardship principles:
1. Commitment – As part of Responsible Care, CCPA members are committed to be responsible stew-ards of water resources by managing (their) business to conserve and mini-mize water use, preventing incidents that would be detrimental to water quality or quantity, and controlling effluent streams to protect water bod-ies, groundwater and habitat.
2. Sc ience and R isk-based Approach – Water policies and standards should be based on sound science and the assessment of risks and benefits. It is important to gather and analyze data on water supplies, water use, water consumption and water sustainability to understand the issues and opportunities.
3. Continuous Improvement – CCPA member-companies are taking action to continuously improve their environmental performance. Mem-
bers should consider opportunities to further the conservation of water, improve effluent quality and protect water resources.
4. Conservation and Valuation – Approaches should be simple, non-bureaucratic and achievable.
5. Stakeholder Involvement – All affected parties at the national, region-al and local levels should be fully con-sulted to ensure actions and policies reflect the diversity of concerns. Gov-ernments should work cooperatively to create efficient, effective policies and legislation to avoid duplication.
6. Watershed Management: Gov-ernance – Water policy issues should be viewed from a watershed perspec-tive. Policy and standard development should remain at a high level to ensure they are applied fairly and consistent-ly, but implementation should be del-egated to the level most appropriate to resolving the issue.
In the process of manufacturing chemicals, water is quite often extract-ed from the local water table and not put back in. However, the issue of water stewardship is not quite so crystal clear. Is water “used” if it is extracted from a river or lake and, after being used for cooling, discharged back into the river or lake in the same, or even better, condition? Many companies no longer use direct water from the river in order to prevent the possibility of a leak or contamination, and have gone to water cooling systems which simply evapo-rate the water. Is evaporation a “use” of water, since it returns to the ecosys-tem eventually as precipitation? What about water that is extracted to go into a product in one geographic location but is returned after the product is used to a different geographic location?
“If we don’t come up with a uniform definition for water use, it’s going to hit us in the pocketbook, because gov-
ernments will increasingly view water as a diminishing and non-renewable resource that must be priced accord-ingly and we’ll see very high price tags for industrial water usage,” predicts Brian Wastle, CCPA’s vice-president for Responsible Care. “So it will be in the best interests of the company from a purely financial point of view to reduce water use. In some jurisdictions, it might even reach the point where, if you’re not seen as being a conserver of water, you may not have access to it at all and you’ll have to relocate.
“Water use may have to become an area of Responsible Care focus,” Wastle adds. “It isn’t right now. We don’t ask our member-companies to submit information on how much water they use, because we don’t have a standard definition of what ‘use’ means. Should we develop a measure-ment tool to see if we are collectively reducing our water use? Or should this be left to individual companies to do as part of their local community per-formance reporting?”
The International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) is ask-ing national associations if they col-lectively submit water usage data for their membership and some say they are already doing that. So there will likely be increasing pressure on CCPA to report to the international fam-ily of chemical associations, Wastle says. “We’ll ask our National Advisory Panel of activists and advocates who have advised us for 20 years what we should be doing in this regard. What is a meaningful way of addressing this issue collectively?” A
Harvey F. Chartrand is an Ottawa-based freelance writer. His stories have appeared in The Globe & Mail, The National Post, the Ottawa Citizen, Filmfax, Rue Morgue and Outré.
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CCPA DEVELOPS WATER STEWARDSHIP PRINCIPLES
Harvey F. Chartrand
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Feature
GREEN CHEMISTRY: THE NEXT GENERATION OF RESPONSIBLE CAREGreen chemistry is efficient, economical and environmentally friendly.
Green Chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or elimi-nates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products.
– Paul Anastas and John Warner, Green Chemistry:
Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, 1998
GREEN CHEMISTRY IS a new phi-losophy of developing more effective chemical production alternatives in an era of mounting environmental con-cerns and rising energy costs.
According to Chao-Jun Li, profes-sor and Canada Research Chair in Green/Organic Chemistry at Montre-al’s McGill University: “Although the worldwide Responsible Care program (philosophically somewhat related to Green Chemistry) was created by the Canadian Chemical Producers’ Association [CCPA] over 20 years ago, Canada is relatively late in terms of getting into the field of Green Chem-istry. We’re at least 10 years behind the United States in terms of seeing a big wave of change.”
The Green Chemistry move-ment’s origins date back 29 years. In the mid-seventies, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemis-try (IUPAC) started a subgroup called CHEMRAWN (Chemical Research Applied to World Needs). Every three years, CHEMRAWN sponsors international conferences on various innovations in the chemical industry,
10 • Catalyst Summer 2007
By Harvey F. Chartrand
Catalyst Summer 2007 • 11
Responsible Care is a very
powerful ethic, and Green
Chemistry is the next step
in deciding what to do with
your processes, and what
criteria should apply to new
processes. It’s sort of like
Responsible Care Plus.
– Prof. Bruce Lennox
such as chemistry for cleaner energy. Green Chemistry was formally born at the 1978 CHEMRAWN conference in Toronto. Green Chemistry research started in earnest at McGill University in 1987. Today, McGill’s Green Chem-istry Group is the hub for such research in Canada, with eight separate research groups. Other universities such as Queen’s, Brock, Ottawa, Memorial and St. Mary’s have significant individual research groups in the field.
Green Chemistry alternatives to traditional chemical production can be much more efficient and economi-cal, while being environmentally benign, Prof. Li notes. The top CEOs of chemical companies in Canada are beginning to realize that Green Chemistry saves money. However, the head offices of most Canadian chemi-cal companies are now located in other countries, and since most deci-sions on overall corporate strategy are made outside Canada, this limits Can-ada’s R&D effort in Green Chemistry, Prof. Li observes.
“Right now, I think everyone is try-ing to figure out – where does Green Chemistry fit into their business plan?” says Prof. Bruce Lennox, chair-man of the Department of Chemistry at McGill University. “There will have to be a broader forum of companies sharing their ideas, because Green Chemistry is going to happen, and chemical companies want to be ahead of regulatory pressures.”
Green Chemistry Means Different Things to Different People
“A lot of people interpret Green Chemistry differently,” says John Blach-ford, president of H.L. Blachford Ltd. in Montreal. “To me, it means changing from one kind of reaction to another which involves less waste, less energy, fewer byproducts and maybe even the consumption of fewer raw materials. It may also mean going from the use of a nonrenewable raw material to a renew-able one. Here are three examples.
“In our Montreal plant, we still make some zinc stearate via the pre-cipitation method. We react a solu-tion of caustic soda with a mixture
of stearic acid dispersed in water to form sodium stearate, which is then reacted with an aqueous solution of zinc sulphate. This leads to a double decomposition reaction. Zinc stearate is formed, which is insoluble, but as a byproduct we form sodium sulphate, which is soluble. We end up with a suspension of zinc stearate in a large volume of a dilute solution of sodium sulphate. We have to vacuum filter the stearate and simultaneously wash the filter cake to remove the sulphate. So we’ve got all this water going down the drain along with a lot of sodium sulphate. (There are no regulations against this in Montreal, although there are in most other municipalities in North America.) We end up with a wet filter cake containing about 60% water, which must be removed by dry-ing the cake in ovens.
“Instead of doing it that way, which is the way we produced for many years, we gradually moved over to a better method. We just melt the stearic acid in a tank, and then add zinc oxide powder to it to achieve a direct reac-tion of the zinc oxide with stearic acid to form zinc stearate. The only byprod-uct is a little water. This is a good example of Green Chemistry. We’ve cut out quite a few processing steps; we’re not consuming any water; we’re not putting any sodium sulphate down the drain; and we’re not going through a long, costly drying process.
“In our plant in West Chicago, where we manufacture noise-reducing materials, we make some urethane foams and elastomers by reacting isocyanates with polyols. The poly-
ols are derived from petrochemicals. Recently, we’ve started to experiment with polyols derived from soya bean oil. Quite a few chemical companies are developing such polyols – Cargill, Dow, Woodbridge and others. This is another example of ‘Going Green.’
“In Mississauga (Ontario), we manu-facture hydraulic oils that are based on fatty acid esters. These fatty acids are derived from beef tallow or vegetable oils, both renewable resources. Such hydraulic oils have replaced mineral oils, mainly because, although they’re more expensive, they don’t burn nearly as readily as mineral oils, and unlike mineral oils, they are biodegradable. There is a move in many applications away from the use of hydraulic oils based on nonrenewable mineral oils to hydraulic oils based on renewable fatty acids,” Blachford concludes.
BASF: A Green Chemistry Giant
BASF is the largest chemical com-pany in the world. “Most R&D is done in Germany or outside Canada, but we do some R&D here,” says David M. Peters, manager for EHS & Responsible Care at BASF Canada. “We have prod-ucts in Canada that are based on Green Chemistry principles. If it compares to an existing product, uses less energy and materials, and is less of a burden on the environment, then we have some prod-ucts on the go in Canada that meet the criteria for Green Chemistry. Three of the main areas that BASF Canada oper-ates in are automotive, construction and agricultural.”
In the automotive sector, BASF was one of the first companies to introduce plastic (polyamide 6/6 reinforced with glass fibers) for use in making intake manifolds on cars. Now, almost all vehicles have plastic intake manifolds. Among the first cars in Canada to convert to plastic were Cadillacs with the Northstar V8 Engine. Designing this engine with a plastic intake mani-fold instead of an aluminum one saved roughly six pounds and improved fuel-air mixing for further fuel economy. This type of technology helps automak-ers to meet the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards for cars.
12 • Catalyst Summer 2007
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“We also make waterborne coat-ings to replace solvent-borne coatings,” Peters says. New in Canada are water-borne coatings for refinish paint. The Government of Canada is looking at legislating the use of low-VOC coat-ings for refinish paints by 2010, and BASF is already a major player.
On the construction side, BASF has introduced a number of products aimed mainly at providing better insulation. One product that BASF Canada devel-oped is a polyurethane spray foam insula-tion called WALLTITE®. “WALLTITE®
provides better home insulation, and if you can help your customer use less oil and gas to heat his home, that’s a green result,” Peters explains.
BASF developed Micronal® PCM phase change materials designed to store heat and release it at a later date. These are microscopic plastic spheres with wax inside them, which can be incorporated into materials such as gypsum building boards. As the temperature in the room rises, the wax melts and absorbs the heat, storing it for later use in the tiny plas-
tic spheres. As the room cools, the wax solidifies and releases the heat. This tends to even out the daily dif-ferences in room temperature. Instead of having it really hot during the day and really cold at night, the tempera-ture is normalized.
Micronal® PCM is an energy man-agement product sold in Germany but still not available in Canada. Micronal® PCM SmartBoard helps buildings reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, while making the buildings more comfort-able.
As for BASF’s crop protection line, one product called KUMULUS® made up of elemental sulphur is used to control plant diseases like mildew and brown rot in orchard fruits. “We also developed a natural, clay-based product called Surround® that protects orchards from selected insect pests,” Peters said. “One of the more inter-esting crop protection products is an insect pheromone called RAK 5 that is released in a controlled manner in orchards to disrupt the mating of cod-ling moths or Oriental fruit moths. Mating and hence egg-laying are dis-rupted, so there is less damage to the crops from insect larvae feeding. BASF supports integrated pest management strategies, which include complement-ing traditional technologies with green technologies where appropriate. We believe in using the minimum amount of crop protection product to achieve the maximum amount of benefit.”
Another interesting product devel-oped by BASF is called FreshSeal®. It’s a biopolymer, based on natu-rally occurring materials. “Basically, you spray it on fruits and vegetables and it’s like a wrap,” Peters explains. “Instead of packaging your fruit in a stretch wrap using plastic, you’re using this edible biobased polymer to spray right on the tomato (as an example). FreshSeal really reduces the amount of rot and spoilage. Using a biobased product improves the shelf life, mar-ketability and taste of fruits and veg-etables available at your neighborhood grocery store.”
SI Group-Canada, Ltd. manufac-tures alkyd polyester resins for the
GATX Rail Canada primarily serves the chemical and petroleum railtransportation markets. Our commitment to the health and safety of ouremployees, communities and environment is integral with serving thesemarkets. GATX Rail Canada is proud “to go beyond what’s required” and bea partner of Responsible Care.Our goal: Participate in the growth of a healthy economy while maintaining ahealthy and safe workplace and community environment. We owe this to you - weowe this to ourselves.For more information, please do not hesitate to contact Graham Cooper, ourV.P. Operations at 514-931-7343 ext. 1869GATX Rail Canada provides finance and railcar leasing services on a net orfull-service basis. Our full-service leasing is supported by our nationwidenetwork of major service centers and mobile repair units.
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Catalyst Summer 2007 • 13
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paint and coatings industry. Alkyd paints are still mostly based on a sol-vent resin system. “What we are doing right now is looking at taking the sol-vent out of these resins and replac-ing it with water,” says Fred Veghelyi, general manager of SI Group-Canada, Ltd. in Toronto. “Because of the way our product works in paint, you paint your wall and the solvent evaporates into the atmosphere. That’s how it dries. What we’re trying to do is to replace the solvent in these oil-based paints with water. The evaporation would then be just water coming off the system, as opposed to solvents.
“We’re not in production yet,” Veg-helyi emphasizes. “At this point, we’re still in the process development stage. In other words, we’ve done it on a small scale and we’re in the process of developing the systems to bring the products up to production scale. We expect to be what’s called ‘in pilot’ by year end at the latest, and in produc-tion in 2008. Our plan is to have 30% of our product line in water in 2008 and 60% in 2009. That’s quite ambi-tious, but we’re all getting a little help from our government, which is target-ing the paint and coatings industry and in effect prescribing how much VOCs can be in particular types of paint. So obviously the push is there from our government and the pull is there from our customers who are say-ing that’s what they want.
“A lot of the raw materials that go into making our resins are things like glycerine which people put on their bodies to soften their skin,” Veghelyi adds. “Another raw material we use is soya oil, which people eat. So from that perspective, when we achieve this tar-get of getting rid of the solvents from our resins, our resin products will be extremely friendly to the environment.”
Green Chemistry: One Element of Sustainable Chemistry
With regard to Green Chemistry, the Dow Chemical Company is devel-oping a global goal around this topic area, but prefers to use the term “Sus-tainable Chemistry.” “Some people use ‘Green Chemistry’ and ‘Sustain-
able Chemistry’ interchangeably, but we really want to differentiate those terms, and appreciate that Green Chemistry is more like a supporting component of Sustainable Chemis-try,” explains Dave Shortt, EH&S leader, Dow Chemical Canada Inc. “Sustainable Chemistry builds upon the principles of Green Chemistry, but integrates economic viability and social benefits across the life cycle of the product, process or service. For example, someone like a university
professor may discover a great Green Chemistry technology, but if there is no social demand for it or if it is too expensive to make, it won’t sell.”
Has Dow started down the Sustain-able Chemistry path?
“Started is the key word; we’ve actually challenged ourselves with a 2015 goal to develop more Sustain-able Chemistry,” Shortt reveals. “We define Sustainable Chemistry as bring-ing together the technology, the eco-nomic and social sides. We’d really like
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14 • Catalyst Summer 2007
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to challenge folks to bring all three aspects together, because that’s how we’ll realize a successful outcome.”
There are examples of Green Chem-istry evolving into more Sustainable Chemistry at Dow: Sentricon, a termite control developed by Dow AgroScienc-es; SAFECHEM, which is a non-emis-sive cleaner; and WOODSTALK™, which was a building material made from straw. “More Sustainable Chem-istry is like a tripod, a stool with three legs,” Shortt points out. “If you knock
any one of the legs out, the stool will fall down. Green Chemistry scientists must realize that they have to overcome the social and economic thresholds or hurdles that may hamper commercial-ization of their research findings.”
From the CCPA point of view, green science and technology is a nat-ural progression from the Association’s pioneering work with Responsible Care, according to Prof. Lennox of McGill. “Green Chemistry embodies many of the same principles… except
that Green Chemistry is really explicit in terms of what to do and how to do it,” he sums up. “Responsible Care is a very powerful ethic, and Green Chem-istry is the next step in deciding what to do with your processes, and what criteria should apply to new processes. It’s sort of like Responsible Care Plus. Remember, Responsible Care was a hard sell when it first came out, just like Green Chemistry is today, in some quarters. But it’s really a logical jump (from Responsible Care to Green Chemistry).” A
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introduce legislation to put an end to the strike. Letters were sent to the government and CCPA staff was in continuous contact with the offices of the respective Ministers of Labour, Industry and Transport to provide them with real-time information on the impact of the strike. The infor-mation provided by CCPA members on the impact and possible future impact was crucial in building the case for swift action by government.
A strategically issued news release had the effect of putting the issue squarely on the radar of the national media and by extension, federal poli-ticians. Larry Masaro from National Silicates and Larry MacDonald from NOVA Chemicals stepped up with detailed information about the impact of the strike on their respective com-panies. CCPA staff and member com-panies conducted a number of press, television and radio interviews high-lighting the paralysis caused throughout the Canadian economy and affecting many integrated supply chains, includ-ing chemical supply to the automotive, forestry and construction industries.
CCPA’s news release was very effec-tive because of its timeliness and the specific information it contained. This enabled other industries to follow suit by echoing our call for government action. However, it was the active participation of CCPA members in the issue that gave the story mean-ing. This was an excellent example where the association and its members worked together to raise the profile of an issue and ultimately have an impact on its resolution. Media coverage for CCPA and its members was valued at approximately $150,000, as press state-ments were picked up and repeated across the country.
In the span of two weeks in Feb-ruary, 101 articles were published in Canadian dailies specifically mention-ing the impact of the strike on chemi-cal producers. Those articles reached an audience of more than five million readers. It was a staple on broadcast news for that time period, as more and more industry associations and com-panies joined the chorus calling for a swift resolution to the problem. The groundswell of attention brought to the rail crisis encouraged the govern-ment to take action.
As legislation was enacted by Parlia-ment during a second work stoppage shortly after the Easter break, CCPA had made the case that rail in Cana-da is truly an essential service. With other industries, CCPA was successful in communicating the true reliance of industry on rail service in Canada and how large and small companies depend on the rail mode to move most of the volume of their goods.
An effective member-led commu-nications strategy, combined with the credibility that CCPA has developed over the years, was crucial in obtain-ing an immediate resolution to a cri-sis with huge repercussions to CCPA members. In this unfortunate work stoppage, which affected CN workers, management and all industries that utilize the rail system, it was clearly demonstrated that advocacy can work – and works best – when there is an effective use of synergies with vari-ous other industry groups, and when members are firmly involved. A
Julien Lavoie is Manager, Commu-nicat ions and Parl iamentary Rela-tions, Canadian Chemical Producers’ Associat ion. He can be reached at [email protected].
WHEN CANADIAN TRAINS stopped running in early February, CCPA’s advocacy machine kicked into full steam. A crisis that was quickly devel-oping, the labour dispute between CN and its conductors and yard ser-vice employees, threatened to bring rail service across the country to a grinding halt. The effects to chemical producers were immediate, but it was the long-term impact that everyone feared. As almost two-thirds of CCPA members’ production is exported and with ports all but shut down dur-ing the labour dispute, the situation quickly became dire for many chemi-cal producers, and had the potential to get much worse. CCPA’s advocacy efforts were aimed at getting a speedy resolution to a growing problem.
Acting quickly with other affected industries and their national asso-ciations in Ottawa, CCPA was first out of the gate on February 16 with a call on Federal Labour Minister Jean-Pierre Blackburn to draft and
Feature
By Julien Lavoie
CCPA ON TRACKCCPA was front and centre in its advocacy efforts when trains stopped running earlier this year.
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Catalyst Summer 2007 • 17
Feature
FOR ME, IT was an absolutely stun-ning remark: “I trust cows more than chemists.” And no, these penetrating words did not come from the mouth of some comedian looking for a cheap laugh, they came from the lips of Joan Gussow, Professor Emeritus of Nutri-tion and Education at Teachers Col-lege, Columbia University, not exactly a shabby institution.
Professor Gussow expressed her dis-trust of chemists when responding to a question about whether she favours margarine or butter. Her choice is but-ter, apparently because, unlike marga-rine, chemists have not played a role in its production. I assume she is con-cerned about the trans fats introduced by the hydrogenation process. Actually, even with these culprits, margarine has less artery-damaging fats than butter. Gussow implies that when chemists get involved, nasty things happen. On occasion that may be true, but when it comes to a contest between the benefits and detriments resulting from chemi-cal manipulation, well, there is no con-test. DuPont’s original slogan of “Better Things for Better Living…Through Chemistry,” is as true today as it was when introduced in 1935.
However, through the sixties and seventies, somehow the public percep-tion of chemistry changed. Chemis-try went from being a heroic science that furnished us with new medicines, fibers and plastics, to one associated with napalm, Agent Orange and pollu-tion. “Chemical” became a dirty word, with some chemists even suggesting that when communicating with the
MATTER? CHEMISTS KNOW WHAT MATTERSIs there lead in your drinking water? Are there estrogenic ingredients in your cosmetics? Are there plasticizers in your microwaved foods? Ask a chemist.
By Dr. Joe Schwarcz
public it be replaced by the term “sub-stance.” Somehow “substance” was seen to be more benign than “chemi-cal.” By 1982 the image of chemistry had been so tainted that DuPont felt the need to drop the “through chem-istry” phrase from its slogan. And this just a brief 18 years after the compa-ny’s pavilion at the New York World’s Fair in 1964 featured a Broadway-style musical entitled the “Wonderful World of Chemistry.” A great show. I know. I saw it several times, which wasn’t that difficult given that it was performed an amazing 48 times a day!
Everything in the DuPont theatre was made of some newly-invented material. Doors featured alkyd resin paint and polyacetal doorknobs; the ceiling was made of polyvinyl fluo-ride; floors were carpeted with nylon and seats covered with polyvinyl chlo-ride. The polyester curtain went up to reveal dancers in colorful spandex costumes, tapping their polyurethane shoes on an acrylic-glossed stage.
There were demonstrations of no-drip paint, colour-changing dyes and nylon fibers being pulled out of test tubes. Even a vendor outside the pavilion was caught up in the spirit of chemistry.
Standing on a soapbox, he was expounding the wonders of high-carbon steel knives that would never lose their shine or their edge because of their chromium, vanadium and molybdenum content. He was quite a showman, as I recall, using the miracle knife to effortlessly slice through a whole pack of playing cards. I didn’t understand the chemistry at the time, but I was impressed enough to buy the knife, which I still have. Although I have not had the need to cut a pack of cards in half, the knife is a great reminder of chemical ingenuity. And maybe it can even serve as a spring-board here to restore some of the shine to the tarnished image of chemistry.
So what do chemists do? As the classic definition goes, they deal with matter and the changes it undergoes.
18 • Catalyst Summer 2007
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And since anything that occupies space and has mass is “matter,” chem-ists are interested in everything. They are interested in the structure of molecules and how this relates to their properties. They are interested in determining which chemicals are found where. But above all, they are interested in manipulating molecules to develop new, useful materials.
Want to know what antioxidants are present in an apple? Or if it is tainted by pesticide residues? Is there lead in your drinking water? Are there estrogenic ingredients in your cosmet-ics? Flame retardants in your blood? Plasticizers in your microwaved foods? Is there a difference in lycopene content between conventional and organic tomatoes? A chemist will have the answers. Do you want to know if an unknown white powder contains anthrax spores, if an athlete has rem-nants of drugs in the urine, or if a criminal has traces of gunpowder on his hands? Call a chemist.
Analytical chemists are truly amaz-ing. Imagine being able to detect the
presence of a chemical at a concentra-tion of a part per trillion. That’s one drop of alcohol in enough water to fill a string of railroad tank cars stretch-ing for ten miles! No less impressive are the chemists who develop batteries, glues, inks, water filters, paper and plas-tic recycling processes, silicon chips for computers, smoke and carbon monoxide detectors and rocket fuels. And ways to replace those trans fats in foods that concern Professor Gussow and others. Then there are the synthetic chemists. Medicines, dyes, detergents, fire retar-dants, novel refrigerants and gasoline additives for increased fuel efficiency are in their domain. The ingenuity of polymer chemists has given us plastics for blood bags, contact lenses, compact discs, kitchen counters, solar panels and artificial heart valves, as well as fire-resistant suits for firemen and life-saving bulletproof vests for police officers.
The contributions that chemists have made to the quality of our life are astounding. But it would be naïve to think that they come at no cost. There is no free lunch. We have concerns
about plasticizers showing up in our blood, dioxins in our air, chlorination by-products in our water and pesticide residues in our food. But it is the devel-opment of sophisticated chemical tech-niques that has made us aware of these issues, and if solutions are to be found, they will come from chemists. And let’s keep in mind that whatever prob-lems have been introduced by chemical manipulation, they are far smaller than those that have been solved.
Professor Joan Gussow apparently does not share these views about the ability of chemists. So, next time she needs a sample of water to be ana-lyzed or her blood cholesterol to be measured or the nutritional difference between her butter and margarine determined, perhaps she should con-sult a cow. A
Dr. Joe Schwarcz is director of McGill University’s Office for Science and Society (www.OSS.McGill.ca). He can be heard every Sunday from 3-4 p.m. on CJAD. [email protected]. Reprinted with permission.
319485_icc.indd 1 2/15/07 9:50:45 AM
Catalyst Summer 2007 • 19
and establishing these new roles on-site has kept us quite busy this past year. But now we have better control of our business. This is what has made INEOS successful and it has been good for us.
Catalyst: What is the biggest challenge facing a site manager in Alberta these days?
MacKenzie: With the tremendous industrial growth in Alberta, one of the biggest challenges facing us is availability of resources. We’re continuously bench-marking to ensure we remain competitive. To attract and retain good employees is an ongoing process for us. While turnover at the Joffre INEOS plant is relatively low, this is an area of concern. With the cur-rent state of industrial growth expected to continue in Alberta for the foreseeable future, the demand for good qualified employees will increase, so it’s impor-tant that we strive to be the employer of choice in the area – to attract and retain excellent employees. The action isn’t just in Fort McMurray anymore. There are a lot of upgrader projects planned for in the Fort Sas-katchewan area, close to Edmonton.
Another challenge is to ensure we remain cost-com-petitive. Our business is global, so it’s important that we retain the Alberta Advantage feedstocks we have today in order to remain competitive in North America and
IN ONLY EIGHT years, INEOS has grown through a series of acquisitions to become the world’s third largest chemical company, with annual sales of about $33 billion. One of these acquisitions was the lin-ear alpha olefins (LAO) plant at Joffre that was owned and operated by BP, which then created Innovene, a separate entity within the BP Group, to manage its petrochemi-cal business. The INEOS Group purchased Innovene in December 2005.
A 250,000-tonne-per-year facility, INEOS’s Joffre plant incorporates world-leading pro-prietary technology in the production of LAOs – a family of chemical intermediates used in the production of other chemicals and final products. LAOs are used to produce polyethylene, as raw material to manufacture polyalpha olefins for synthetic lubricants, as a building block for the production of biodegradable surfactants, as synthetic base stock for drilling fluids, and for a host of other intermediate and final products.
INEOS is based in the United Kingdom. Its founder, Jim Ratcliffe, buys blue-chip assets or businesses that the major chemical corporations want to divest themselves of. Ratc-liffe turns these companies around and makes them profit-able, eliminating much bureaucratic structure and running a very efficient operation.
Catalyst recently spoke to Barry A. MacKenzie, site man-ager at INEOS’s Joffre LAO Plant.
Catalyst: What challenges did you face integrating Inno-vene into the existing INEOS structure?
MacKenzie: The INEOS model strives to move more of the support roles to the site, versus having a central organi-zation. So this has been a good challenge for us. It has meant moving more of the HR, the HSE, the accounting and logistic roles to our site, which previously were held at our head offices in Chicago and Houston. Integrating
Corporate Profile
INEOS’S LAO PLANT AT JOFFRE, ALBERTABy Hank Reardon
20 • Catalyst Summer 2007
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the world. The recent Alberta government announce-ment about the ethane extraction policy is a welcome initiative that we support. It’s also important that we have low-cost, reliable logistics to transport our products, because of our distance from major U.S. markets. To off-set the high cost of transportation, we’ve been develop-ing our local markets these past two years. This includes sales to our local polyethylene market and expansion of our local drilling fluid market.
Catalyst: What is the most significant concern of the surrounding community, and how do you go about addressing it?
MacKenzie: It’s a matter of the community really under-standing what goes on at our plant, ensuring that we’re living up to our Responsible Care commitment. What impact does our operation have on the community? We are located in a farmer’s field out here in Joffre, about 20 km east of Red Deer. Joffre is a hamlet with a population of only 200 residents. Most of our neighbors are farmers and owners of prime agricultural land. We want to make sure that the people around us are well informed about our operations, so we meet four times a year with a Joint Community Advisory Panel (or JCAP). We also attend community town halls twice a year to share information and to respond to questions about our operations.
We also integrate our site and community emergency planning. We deal with Lacombe County officials.
Coordinators meet four times a year to go through our emergency response plan. We conduct a Community Doorknock program in Joffre twice a year, where we visit residents and update all the emergency contact information.
Catalyst: What are the main values the Canadian Chemi-cal Producers’ Association (CCPA) can bring to a site manager?
MacKenzie: Responsible Care re-verification every three years is a good process to ensure that our site operates in accordance with the chemical industry ethics we support. CCPA brings us that value around Responsible Care. CCPA also provides us with the opportunity to share like concerns and best practices with other mem-ber chemical companies, through various networks, whether it’s the Leadership Group (I sit on Leadership Group #5 for Western Canada), ARC [Alberta Regional Committee], TransCAER and SHARE [Safety and Health Analysis, Recognition and Exchange]. We have members within every one of those networks. As well, CCPA provides advocacy and representation at the federal and provincial levels on issues and regulations impacting our industry. A case in point: CCPA was the liaison between government and industry on the eth-ane extraction policy. We worked with CCPA and the Alberta government in ensuring that we have a strong future here for petrochemicals.
Catalyst: Is networking with other site managers impor-tant to you?
MacKenzie: Absolutely. I think it’s important to under-stand common concerns of other companies in Central Alberta. Site managers from this area meet informally every quarter to discuss Responsible Care performance and local issues that might be common to each site.
Catalyst: What impact does the new competition in China, India and the Middle East have on your busi-ness and that of your customers?
MacKenzie: It can be difficult to compete with these countries, which may have considerable advantages in feedstock pricing and low-cost labor, but one advantage we do have is a well-educated and highly skilled work-force. The team we have here at Joffre is key to running a highly efficient and reliable low-cost operation. In 2006, our plant delivered 99 per cent reliability, which is really world-class. And this is just one of the critical pieces to ensuring that we remain competitive. With feedstock costs accounting for the largest percentage of our operating costs, it’s important that the government continue to support our advantage in ethane and ethyl-ene initiatives, such as the ethane extraction policy. We also need to ensure that we have the proper infrastruc-ture and reliable transportation links to cost-effectively ship our products to the eastern provinces and the United States. A
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Catalyst Summer 2007 • 21
254908Pioneer Companies
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BUYERS’GUIDE AND INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
BLENDING BLADES & MIXING EQUIPMENTConn & Company, LLC .................. 13
CHEMICAL PRODUCERSArkema Canada Inc. .......................9Imperial Oil Ltd., Chemicals ............inside front coverNOVA Chemicals (Mktg. Communications) ............ 14Rohm and Haas Canada, LP ........... 12
CHEMICALS & SOLVENTSH.L. Blachford Ltd. ........................6
CHLOR ALKALI CHEMICALSPioneer Companies ...................... 21
DANGEROUS GOODS COMPLIANCEICC The Compliance Center ..... 6 & 18
DISTRIBUTION & WAREHOUSINGTyan Warehousing Inc. ................. 20
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICESAdomait Environmental Solutions Inc ........................... 14
HALON DISPOSALFielding Chemical Technologies ..... 14
HAZMAT TRAININGFielding Chemical Technologies ..... 14
INDUSTRIAL CLEAN UP SERVICESFielding Chemical Technologies ..... 14
INDUSTRIAL VIDEO INSPECTIONS LIMITEDCoatings Inspection Ltd. Div. of P.W. Makar .......................4
INSTRUMENTSBrinkmann Instruments (Canada) Ltd. .............................3
INSURANCEAIG Environmental ...... inside back cover
PETRO CHEMICALS MANUFACTURERSDow Chemical Canada Inc. ....... outside back cover
RAIL TRANSPORTATIONGATX Rail Canada ........................ 12
REFRIGERANT RECYCLINGFielding Chemical Technologies ..... 14
SOLVENT RECYCLINGFielding Chemical Technologies ..... 14
SPILL RESPONSE SERVICESFielding Chemical Technologies ..... 14
SPILL SUPPLIESFielding Chemical Technologies ..... 14
TRANSPORTATIONHarold Marcus Ltd. ...................... 21Procor Ltd. ...................................6
TRUCKING FIRMSNorthwest Tank Lines ................... 16
VENTING PRODUCTSGits Mfg. .....................................6
WASTE DISPOSALFielding Chemical Technologies ..... 14
WASTE TREATMENTFielding Chemical Technologies ..... 14
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At a meeting of heart scientists in the United States earlier this year, researchers from the University of Maryland presented the findings of their quest to find a healthier pizza. The researchers chose to focus their study on pizza because it’s the most popular grain-based meal in the United States. They discovered that when whole grain pizza dough was cooked at a higher tem-perature for longer periods, the level of antioxidants in the pizza increased by as much as 82%. Antioxidants are natural chemicals found in food and help the body dis-pose of free radicals.
What are free radicals? Every cell in our body is made up of molecules and each molecule has electrons around its nucleus. The electrons usually come in pairs but when a molecule has a single electron the molecule is considered unstable. These unstable molecules are called free radicals. Free radicals have been linked to cancer.
While the researchers don’t fully understand the process behind the results yet, they believe letting the dough fer-
CAN PIZZA BE HEALTHY FOR YOU?
Logistics Load Out2005 CANADIAN MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC COLLISIONS STATISTICS
1. What mode of transport has the highest fatalities?
a) air b) marine c) rail d) road
2. Who is most likely to be fatally injured in a road incident?
a) driver b) passenger c) pedestrian d) bicyclist e) motorcyclist
3. From 2004 to 2005, what percentage increase or decrease was there in road fatalities?
a) 0% b) +7% c) -7% d) +10% e) –10%
4. The age groups (in years) most likely to be involved in a fatal collision are:
a) 25 to 34 and over 65 b) 20 to 24 and 55 to 64 c) 25 to 34 and 55 to 64
d) 20 to 34 and over 65 e) 0 to 4 and over 65
5. Transport Canada has embarked on Road Safety Vision 2010 which intends to:
a) reduce traffic casualties by 10% b) reduce traffic casualties by 30%
c) reduce traffic casualties by 50% d) improve drivers’ eyesight to 20/10
ment longer before baking increases the chemical reactions of the yeast and allows the antioxidants more time to be released into the dough.
Other indulgent foods that are high in antioxidants are dark chocolate and red wine. But there is no replacement, at least not yet, for the healthy foods that naturally boost the antioxidants in your body such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains. A
Photo: ©istockphoto.com
/Alan Egginton
1. d) Road fatalities account for 90% of all transportation-related fatalities in Canada.
2. a) Driver at 53%. Other rates are passenger at 23%, pedestrian at 12%, bicyclist at 2% and motorcyclist at 8%.
3. b) There was an increase of 7% in traffic deaths from 2004 to 2005.
4. a) Young adults 25 to 34 as well as seniors over 65.
5. b) Make Canada’s roads the safest in the world by reducing traffic casualties by 30% by 2010.
Visit website: http://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/vision/menu.htm
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And just like that, the laws of chemistry change. A world that includes the Human Element,
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