Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004 H2/FC TP SRA - Transport Applications Applications Fuel Cell System Technical

Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004

H2/FC TP SRA - Transport Applications

• Applications

• Fuel Cell System Technical Targets

• Key subsystem development

• Hydrogen Storage

• Research Strategy & budget priorities

R. v. Helmolt, Adam Opel AG, Fuel Cell Activities


Applications

• Ground Transportation

• Air Transportation

• Marine Transportation

Propulsion:• Focus on Direct H2• Passenger Cars• City Busses

On-Board Power Generation (APU)• Hydrocarbon Fuels• Direct H2


Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles in 2015Fuel Cell System Technical Targets

•Focus on PEM Fuel Cell System

•Robust: Freeze-Start capable and -25°C/+45°C Operation

•Efficient: > 40 % in NEDC

•Vehicle Range > 400 km

•Durable: > 5000 hours

•Compact and Lightweight: 1,5 kg/kW and 1,5 l/kW (w/o electric drive and storage)

•Cost Projection: 100 EUR / kW for production of 150.000 units/year

•Buses: moderate system dynamics, but durability > 10000 h


Other Transport Applications

• Ships, Forklift Trucks, Wheelchairs with similar targets on Dynamics and Power Density

• Benchmarking to Conventional Systems: Efficiency is main Advantage

• Power levels 5 kW - 100 kW

• Auxillary Powervehicles, defense systems, marine and aeronautic application

Use of liquid fuel requires Compact and Efficient Reformer

• Hydrogen ICE Vehicles with > 22 % Efficiency


Key subsystem developmentFuel Cell Stack: Focus on MEA as Key Component

• Lower Pt content in the catalyst: 1 mg/cm²• Increase Areal Power Density: 1 W/cm²• Develop new Membrane: Operating

Temperature up to 120 °C Low humidification effort: < 10% rel. gas humidity Polymer membrane cost < 20 EUR / m²• Series manufacturing and Recycling for high-volume scenario

PEFC System Components• Air compressor with high efficiency, dynamic and quiet operation

Reformer Systems• Targets are high efficiency (>75%), low emissions (< SULEV), low startup time (< 20 s), high power density (> 1,5 kW/l and kg) and durability (6000h)

SOFC stack for APU

Hydrogen ICE


Major Cross-cutting Issue: Energy Storage

• Hydrogen Storage Essential for Transportation Applications. Energy Density Target: > 2 kWh/l and 2 kWh/h

• Liquid Hydrogen Storage: Highest Energy Density, but Boil-off Losses

• High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage up to 700 bar

• Hydrogen Storage in solid-state comounds might be future solution

• Alternative Liquid Fuel & On-Board reforming considered only second in ranking due to slow progress in efficiency, emissions and complexity. Earlier introduction in niche markets as for APU application is however possible.


Research Strategy 2005 - 2015 and Recommendation

• Advance Fuel Cell Technology towards Commercial Viability

• Highest priority for PEM Stack Components, as these are major cost drivers and require most Innovation and R&D effort

• Introduce new and improved materials and technologies suitable for high-volume Production

• Guide R&D by Application-Oriented Requirements and promote cooperation of research institutes with according Industry who should derive those requirements from system specification

• Verify Subsystems in Suitable Application (like hybrid) for practical experience

• Use Hydrogen-ICE to promote infrastructure and local emission reduction


Year 1 - 5 Year 6 - 10

PEM Stack

(Membrane, Catalyst, other)

42 % 18 %

SOFC for Transportation 4 % 4 %

Reformer Systems 8 % 8 %

PEM System Components (Air supply, E-Drive)

14 % 8 %

System Integration

Verification

18 % 16 %

8 %

Verification Program --- 22 %

Basic research and crosscuttings

16 % 16 %

Research budget priorities for transportation applications

Documents

Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004 H2/FC TP SRA - Transport Applications Applications Fuel Cell System Technical