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Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies BREE 420: Engineering for Sustainability Ian Adamowski 1

Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

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Page 1: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

Summary of Main Themes,

Topics & Case Studies

BREE 420: Engineering for Sustainability

Ian Adamowski

1

Page 2: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

Basis of Course

1. Overview of principles + frameworks + methods in ES beyond those gained from a

traditional first engineering degree.

2. Complement other engineering courses at McGill in water, energy, design, etc….

3. Try to firmly root course in practical experience & draw heavily on real examples in

addition to theory.

Approaches of different engineering firms + other organizations.

What is being done in practice.

What is not being done.

Etc.

2

Page 3: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

Main Topics

Explored

in BREE 420

3

Page 4: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

1. Overview of sustainable development.

2. Overview of engineering for sustainability.

Main principles of engineering for sustainability.

3. Role of engineers in sustainability.

Topic: Role of Engineers in Sustainability

4

Page 5: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

1. Engaging stakeholders in engineering project design + implementation.

2. Issues/challenges with engaging stakeholders in engineering projects.

Topic: Stakeholder Engagement

5

Page 6: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

1. Different stakeholder levels:

Product/project; Company; Supply Chain; Market; Wider level (local stakeholders, ..)

2. Participatory methods:

Internal Team Workshops; Eco-Charrettes; Supply Chain Workshops;

Forums; Group model building, etc.

3. How to select a participatory method based on:

Participatory goals; Level of participation; Stakeholder type/number

4. Formulating a coherent & logical participatory process plan.

E.g.: Scientific storyline using group model building as method

5. Phases in managing a multi-stakeholder process.

Multi Stakeholder Methods & Processes

To Engage Different Types of Stakeholders in

Engineering Product/Project Design & Implementation

6

Page 7: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

1. Life cycle assessment as an SD tool in the engineering sector.

LC costing + LC assessment

2. LCA examples / case studies.

Environmental engineering field

Various products

Topic: Life Cycle Assessment

7

Page 8: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

Operationalizing sustainability at the project level.

1. FIDIC Project Sustainability Management System

2. GoldSet – SD decision support tool for engineering projects

Topic: Frameworks to Design & Deliver a Sustainable Engineering Project

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Page 9: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

FIDIC PSM:

Process to Develop SD Engineering Project Goals & Indicators.

1. Framework of ‘core’ project SD goals & corresponding indicators

Both map back to whole-society priorities & goals of Agenda 21, & corresponding

CSD UN sustainability indicators.

and

2. Process for adjusting these SD project goals & indicators

Making them consistent with vision & goals of project owner, compliant with Agenda 21, &

tailored to local issues, priorities & stakeholder concerns.

PSM process addresses life cycle of the project

from concept development through to design, construction, operation,

deconstruction & disposal/re-use/recycling/.....

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Page 10: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

1. Systems Thinking

2. Systems Dynamics Modeling (SDM)

Qualitative modeling: causal loop diagrams; feedback loops; etc.

Quantitative modeling: coupled physical-SDM models

3. Engaging Stakeholders in Engineering Design via Group SDM

Group model building via causal loop diagrams

Group case studies

Topic: Systems Thinking & Modeling

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Page 11: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

“Mental model” - What a person thinks about the system

Group

Quantitative SD Model

Group

Causal Loop Diagram

Holistic system perspective

Mental model –

Individual Causal Loop Diagram

Potable WaterDemand

Water Scarcity(Problem Variable)

Save Water Policy

Subsidise WaterSaving Equipment

Policy "Increase thePrice of Water"

Price of PotableWater

Customization toPrice Level

Affordability ofWater

ConsciousConsumption

Behavior

+

+

+

-

+

+-+

Economic Situationof Households

+

+

Efficiency ofDomestic Water Use

-

Awareness ofEconomical Win-Win

Situations

Incentives for WaterSaving Behavior

+

+

Pressure on MajorUser Groups+

+

Public AwarenessCampaigns

+

PublicParticipation

+

+

+

EconomicDevelopment

+B

"Increase thePrice"-Policy Loop

R

CustomizationLoop

B

AwarenessCampaign Loop

B

Subsidize WaterSaving Equipment

B

Self-Initiative ofWater User Groups

Loop

Programs to ReduceWater Consumption

+

+

Application of WaterSaving Technology

+

+

+

+

Water Wastage- Hotline+

+

Water-ConsumptionEducation

++

R

ConsumerEducation Loop

HotlineMechanism

B

1

6

4

7

2

3

5

Aquifer

Surface WaterStorage

Non-PotableWater Supply

Potable WaterSupply

Withdrawal for Non-Potable Water Supply

Pumping for Non-Potable Water Supply

Withdrawal forDomestic Use

Wastewater

UnusedDischarge

Reuse forIrrigation

Desalination

Potable Water Use

Irrigation WaterUse

Pumping forDomestic Sector

Surface Water toOcean

Effluent toAquifer

Agriculture

OutflowPercolation to

GWSoil Water

Landscaping&A

menities

Industry WaterUse

<EnvironmentalFlow SW>

EFSW

Problem ofWater Scarcity

Quality of Water

Water Demand

Rainfall

AmbientTemperature

Climate Change

+-

+

-+

-

Cost of Water

Standard of Living

ConsumerDissatisfaction

ConflictAmongst Users

Water Quantities

Environment

Development ofFurther Sources

Reuse

Desalination

TreatedDomestic Effluent

Greywater WithinHousehold

+

+

+

+

-

+

-

+ +

+

-

-

+

WaterConservation-

DemandManagement

Leakage

+

-

Public Participation(to reduce wastage)

+

Institutional Problems(Fragmentation of Water

Sector)

Pressure fromUsers

Lack of Strategic PolicyImplementation and

Planning

EnvironmentalThreats

-

-

Lack of IncentivesLack of Proper Controland Accountability of

Water Utilities

-

-

Water Use inDomestic/Agriculture/Industry/Tourism

Sector

+

--

--

-

-

+

Prioritization ofSectors

+ +

-

+

+

-

-

Subsidies

+

R

B

EnvironmentalDegradation Loop

Supply -Environment Loop

B

DesalinationSupply Loop

B

Reuse SupplyLoop

B

DemandManagement Loop

R

DemandManagement

Adaptation Loop

+

B

Cost Loop

B

Participation -Environment Loop

B

Participation -Conservation Loop

Water Scarcity

1

1

800 mm/Year

0.75

0.75

600 mm/Year

0.5

0.5

400 mm/Year

0.25

0.25

200 mm/Year

0

0

0 mm/Year

1978 1996 2015 2033 2051

Years

Water Scarcity Agriculture : run1

"Water Scarcity Domestic + Tourism" : run1

Annual Precipitation Data : run1 mm/Year

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Page 12: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

Topic: Multi Criteria Decision Analysis

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Page 13: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

1. Bottom up change via a better understanding of CC attributes.

2. Top down change via CC programs based on understanding of CC attributes.

3. Windows of opportunity + experimenting in niches.

4. Steps & tools for change management.

Basic understanding of: acting as a change agent/champion + change management.

Topic: Leading Change Towards Sustainability in an Engineering Company

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Page 14: Summary of Main Themes, Topics & Case Studies · R Demand Management Adaptation Loop + B Cost Loop B Participation - Environment Loop B Participation - Conservation Loop Water Scarcity

Case Studies of Implementation of ES in Different Sectors

Main case studies:

Urban engineering: City of Montreal Division of SD

Energy engineering: Envint Consulting

Renewable energy, nuclear, conventional, etc.

Agricultural/Biological engineering: McGill

Water engineering: Amec Land & Water

Wastewater treatment Golder Associates

Highway engineering: Amec Land & Water

Green infrastructure/development/construction: Exp Engineering

Building engineering: Colorado School

Transportation engineering: Velo Quebec

Construction engineering: Exp Engineering

Cleantech sector Ecotech Quebec

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