SUMMARY OF EXODUS

BIBLICAL

PERIOD #3 THE TWELVE TRIBES IN EGYPT / THE SINAI COVENANT

FOCUS REDEMPTION FROM EGYPT REVELATION FROM GOD COVENANT -------------------------------- THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT------------------------- ---------THE SINAI COVENANT------ SCRIPTURE 1:1-----------------2:1----------------------5:1----------------------15:22------------------19:1--------------------32:1---------- 40::38 DIVISION

The need for redemption

The preparation for redemption

The redemption of

Israel

The preservation

of Israel

The revelation of the Sinai

Covenant/ sacrifices and

sacraments

The response of

Israel to the Sinai Covenant

---------------------------------------NARRATION ------------------------------------- ------------ LEGISLATION-------------

TOPIC

SUBJECTION -Subjugation of Israel -The birth & childhood of Moses in Egypt -The years in Midian -The call of Moses -The return to Egypt

REDEMPTION -The 10 plagues -The first Passover -Crossing the Sea of Reeds -The Wilderness Journey

INSTRUCTION Birth of the Old Covenant Church -The 10 Commandments -Israel accepts the Covenant -Establishment of Sacrifice and Liturgy -Yahweh takes possession of the Tabernacle

LOCATION EGYPT – MIDIAN – EGYPT WILDERNESS MOUNT SINAI IN MIDIAN TIME 430 YEARS 48 DAYS 10 MONTHS

M. Hunt © 1991 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com TIME LINE

2000BC __________________1600BC____________________1350BC____________________1000BC______ ABRAHAM ----------EXODUS?--------------- DAVID conquers Jerusalem

Handout Lesson #8: The Ten Egyptian Plagues

Think of the wonders I have given you power to perform, once you are back in Egypt! You are to perform them before Pharaoh… Exodus 4:21

#1 The water of Nile turns to blood

Exodus 7:14-25

[7 day period]; throughout all Egypt

#2 plague of frogs from the Nile

Exodus 7:26-8:10

throughout all of Egypt

#3 plague of mosquitoes Exodus 8:12-15

throughout all of Egypt

#4 ? Hebrew is 'arov = mixture; a noun based on the root "to mix"

Exodus 8:16-20

only Egypt not in Goshen

#5 plague of disease on livestock

Exodus 9:1-7

only Egypt not in Goshen

#6 plague of boils Exodus 9:8-12

throughout all of Egypt

#7 plague of hail Exodus 9:13-26

only Egypt not in Goshen

#8 plague of locusts Exodus 10:1-20

throughout Egypt

#9 plague of darkness Exodus 10:21-29

throughout Egypt

#10 death of the firstborn Exodus 11:1-10

throughout Egypt

M. Hunt copyright 1991 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com Notice how the plagues are grouped in twos: water of the River turns to blood and frogs from the River; mosquitoes are pests and “a mixture” of insects (?) (Scripture passage is unclear what on kind of “mixture); sickness in livestock and sickness in boils on humans; hail from the sky and locusts from the sky; darkness and the ultimate darkness of death. See the chart comparing the 10 Egyptian plagues to the judgments of Revelation: “The Chalice and Trumpet Judgments vs. the Plagues of Egypt”

Handout Lesson #8: Typology of Moses and Jesus

An evil king tried to kill him as a baby: Ex. 1:22

King Herod tired to kill baby Jesus: Matt 2:16

He was hidden from the evil king: Ex 2:2 An angel said to hide the child: Matt 2:13 Moses was sent into Egypt to preserve his life: Ex. 2:3-4

Jesus was taken into Egypt to preserve His life: Matt 2:13-15

He was saved by women: his mother: Ex.2:3; Miriam 2:4; Pharaoh's daughter 2:5-10

Mary saved and helped Jesus: Matt 2:14

Pharaoh's daughter adopted him: Ex 2:10 Joseph adopted Jesus: Matt 1:25 Moses became a prince of Egypt: Ex 2:10 Jesus is the Prince of Peace Long period of silence from childhood to adulthood

Long period of silence from childhood to adulthood

He had a secret identity Messianic secret = Jesus the Son of God He tired to save a Hebrew kinsman: Ex 2:11-12

Jesus came to save His Hebrew kinsman first: Mk 7:26-28

Went from being a prince to a pauper: Ex 2:15-19

Went from being God to being man: John 1:1-3; Mark 6:3

Saved women at a well: Ex. 2:15-19 Saved a woman at a well: John 4 Became a shepherd: Ex 3:1 He is the Good Shepherd: John 10:11 Moses' mission was to redeem Israel from slavery to Egypt

Jesus' mission is to redeem mankind from slavery to sin

He was often rejected by his own people Jesus was rejected by His own people Moses will give God's law on the mountain of Sinai

Jesus will give the new law from the Mt. of Beatitudes

Moses is the prophet of the Old Covenant Church: Deut. 18;15,17

Jesus is the prophet, priest, and King of a New and everlasting Covenant = the Universal [Catholic] Church: Deut 18:17-19; Jn 4:18; Heb. 6:20-8:13; 2 Sam 7:16; 1 Tim 1:16-17; 6:14-15; Rev 17:14

Moses will offer to sacrifice his life for the lives of the Covenant people: Ex 32:30-33

Jesus will sacrifice His life for the redemption of mankind: Mk 10:45; Rom. 6:20-23; 1Cor 5:7-8

Moses is the leader of the old exodus out of bondage in Egypt to redemption from slavery and through him God will form Israel into a holy covenant people—the Old Covenant Church

Jesus is the leader of the new exodus out of bondage to sin and redemption from the power of death. Through Him a new covenant people will be formed—a new Israel that will be the New Covenant Universal [Catholic] Church.

See CCC# 129-130 Michal Hunt © 1990, revised 2000 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

ANCIENT LAW CODES

CODE LOCATION TIME CODE OF KHAMMU-RABI [HAMMURABI]

MESOPOTOMIA c. 2000BC – 1700 BC

RAS SHAMRA TABLETS

SYRIO-PALESTINE

[coast of Canaan]

c. 1400 BC

LAWS OF LIPIT-ISHTAR

MESOPOTAMIA c. 2000 BC

LAWS OF ESHNUNNA

MESOPOTOMIA [Baghdad]

c. 1830 – 1500 BC

SINAI COVENANT MT. SINAI c. 1500 – 1300 BCM. Hunt © 1990 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

Divinely Instituted Prerogatives of Israel as Yahweh’s Chosen People [St. Paul’s list from Romans 9:4]

1. Divine election = adoption

It is an election which is interpreted as a corporate son-ship. In Ex 4:22 Yahweh affirms, “…Israel is my son, my first-born” (also see Dt 14:1; Is 1:2; Jer 3:19-22; 31:9; Hos 11:1). This corporate privilege is extended to the children of Israel as a nation above all other nations of the earth.

2. Yahweh’s presence Manifested in Yahweh’s glory [Hebrew = shekinah; Greek =

doxa] in the pillar of cloud and the pillar of fire (Ex 15:6, 11); in the Theophany on Sinai (Ex 13:21-22; 19-24); in the desert Tabernacle (Ex 34:30); and later in the Temple in Jerusalem (1 Kgs 8:11). The promise of God’s continual presence is made to Moses in Ex 33:14-17.

3. Covenants Biblical covenants are either treaty covenants or royal grant covenants. Royal grant covenants are eternal with no restrictions or stipulations, however, Treaty covenants provide blessings for faithfulness and obligations to be obeyed which carry a penalty for unfaithfulness [see the chart “Covenant Treaty Format”]. In Rom 9:4 Paul speaks of Israel’s covenants with Yahweh in the plural [diathekai]. These covenants would include the covenant formed with Abraham, the physical father of Israel as God’s covenant people, a 3-fold covenant that was extended through his son Isaac and grandson Jacob who is renamed Israel. It is from this covenant that all future covenants would extend; this includes the Sinai Covenant [Mosaic Covenant], the Covenant of Salt with Aaron and his descendants, the Covenant of Peace with Phinehas which promised a perpetual priesthood and the royal grant Davidic Covenant which promised his throne/kingdom would last forever see the chart of the 8 Biblical covenants]. The Abrahamic Covenant, Aaronic Covenant, Covenant of Peace with Phinehas, and the Davidic Covenant are all royal grant covenants that are forever with no stipulations. The Sinai Covenant has elements of both a treaty and royal grant covenant (for covenant stipulations see Lev chapter 26 and Dt chapter 28).

4. Torah [instruction]= the creed & code

The expression of God’s will given to instruct the covenant people in the holy will of God and to set them aside from all the nations as a people holy to Yahweh (Ex 20:1-17; Dt 5:1-22) and related articles of moral and civil law. This instruction is not limited to the written Law of Moses but includes the sacred Oral Tradition and extends to all divinely inspired Old Testament texts which Yahweh placed in Israel’s care.

5. Liturgical worship of the One God

Established liturgical worship [latreia] including sacrificial requirements and communion. Moses received the instruction when he was taken into the heavenly court in Ex 25-31. Worship was first established in the desert Tabernacle and later in the Temple in Jerusalem.

6. Prophetic promises First made to Abraham (Gen 12:2; 13:14-17; 15:4; 17:4-8, 16, 19; 21:12; 22:16-18); to Isaac (Gen 26:3-5); to Jacob (Gen 28:13-14), to Moses (Dt 18:18-19), to Aaron (Lev 2:13) and Phinehas (Num 25:11-15); to David (2 Sam 7:11-16); and spoken by Yahweh through the Prophets concerning the unique condition of Israel’s election.

7. Ancestral heritage of the Promised Seed

Israel worshiped the God of their forefathers in whom the promised seed of Gen 3:15 has been preserved, from Seth, to Noah and Shem, to the time of Abraham; (Ex 3:13; 13:5) and it is from these forefathers that the Messiah came to Israel.

8. Messiahism The promise of a future redeemer who was destined to come from the people of Israel as prophet (first promised to Moses in Dt 18:18-19), and king (Davidic covenant, 2 Sam 7:11-16); promised by the Prophets of Yahweh (i.e., Jer 23:5-6; 30:9; 33:15; 36:30; Hos 3:5; Ps 132:17; Dan 9:25).

Michal Hunt copyright 2006

Handout Hebrews Lesson 10

PLAN OF THE TABERNACLE

WEST

Holy of Holies A. C. curtain

I Holy Place

L T

curtain O = Bronze Basin

Bronze Altar of

Sacrifice

Outer Court

EAST

Outside the “Tent” = profane and unclean Tent of Meeting Outer Court = sacred and clean

• Bronze Altar of Sacrifice • Bronze holy water basin for purification

Holy Place = sacred and clean

• L = Golden Lampstand (menorah) • T = Golden Table containing the Bread of the Presence • I = Golden Altar of Incense in front of the curtain separating the Holy Place from

the Holy of Holies (which side?) • ___ = “curtain” separated the Outer Court from the Holy Place

Holy of Holies: = most sacred and clean

• ___“curtain” separated the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies • A.C. = gold covered Ark of the Covenant covered with the gold covered Mercy

Seat, the footstool of God joining heavenly and earthly liturgy Notice the 3 section division of the Tabernacle which, from the New Covenant prospective, suggests the 3 persons of the Divine Trinity while the arrangement of the furniture forms a cruciform, foreshadowing the altar of the Cross and the site of the final and perfect sacrifice.

Handout Lesson #9: THE 7 CLASSES OF FURNITRUE OF THE

HOLY DESERT TABERNACLE

“…these maintain the service only of a model or reflection of the heavenly realities; just as Moses, when he had the Tent to build, was warned by God who said: ‘See that you

work to the design that was shown you on the mountain.’” Hebrews 8:5 1. The Ark of the Covenant: an acacia wood box approximately 3 and 1/2 feet by 2 and

1/2 feet. It must be covered inside and outside with pure gold and it will house the tablets of the Law.

2. The Mercy Seat: Moses is instructed to place the Kapporeth, on top of the Ark of the

Covenant. This lid is known as the "mercy seat" or "seat of atonement". It is from the Mercy Seat that God will meet His people. The Hebrew word translated as “mercy seat” is pronounced kap-po-reth, and means to cover, in two ways; as a noun, meaning a lid, or a top, but also, based on the Hebrew root from which it was derived, as a verb meaning to pardon, or to atone for, as in to cover a debt. The Hebrew word kap-po-reth is used exclusively in the Scriptures for the Mercy Seat, for nothing else. The lid is pure gold as are the figures of two cherubim which are mounted on the top of the lid of the mercy seat. Exodus 25:10-22; 26:34; Leviticus 16:12-15.

3. The Golden Table of the Bread of the Presence: an acacia wood table approximately 2 feet long by 1 and 1/2 feet wide by 1 and 1/2 feet high. It must be covered with pure gold and will hold 12 loaves of unleavened bread, one loaf for each tribe of Israel. Exodus 25:23-30; 37:10-16; Lev. 24:5-9.

4. The Golden Menorah lamp stand: Made of pure gold with its cups for the holy oil

shaped in the form of calyxes and petals. It must have one central trunk with six branches from each side of the main branch, three branches on a side. It is a visual representation of the burning bush of Exodus chapter 3. Exodus 25:31-40; 37:17-24; Leviticus 24:2-4.

5. The Bronze Altar of burnt offerings: Made of acacia wood and covered with bronze

this altar measured circa 7 and 1/2 feet wide, by 7 and 1/2 feet deep, by 4 and 1/2 feet high. Exodus 27:1-8; 38:1-7

6. The Golden Altar of Incense: Made of acacia wood covered with pure gold it

measured approximately 2 feet by 2 feet square and 3 feet high. Exodus 30:1-10/ 37:25-28.

7. The Bronze Basin: Made entirely of bronze from the mirrors of the women. It would

hold the holy water for ritual purification before entering the Holy Place of Yahweh's dwelling. Exodus 30:17-21; 38:8.

M. Hunt © 1990 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

THE COVENANT OF THE AARONIC PRIESTHOOD Yahweh’s covenant with Aaron: He made an everlasting covenant with him, and gave

him the priesthood of the people. He adorned him with impressive vestments; he dressed him in a robe of glory. Sirach 45:7

THE KOHEN GADOL (High Priest) AND HIS VESTMENTS (Ex 28:1-43)

For the glorious adornment of your brother Aaron you shall have sacred vestments made. 1. The Kesones [Tunic]: made of white linen, woven all of one piece with a boxlike

knit. 2. The Me’il [ Robe]: made of turquoise wool. The Hem of the Me’il was of

alternating pomegranates and bells. The pomegranates were of turquoise, purple, and scarlet wool and they were alternated with gold bells.

3. The Girdle or sash of variegated work 4. The Tzitz [Head-plate]: made of pure gold, inscribed with the words “Holy to

Yahweh”, and tied with a turquoise blue wool cord. 5. The Ephod: garment with shoulder straps and stones on the shoulders [avnei

shoham stones] with the engraved names of the sons of Israel according to birth order, six on each shoulder, with a tie belt made of gold, turquoise, purple, and scarlet wool and twisted linen.

6. The Choshen [Breastplate], the breastplate of judgment: a folded pocket worn on the breast with 12 stones in 4 rows of 3, one stone for each of the 12 Tribes of Israel engraved with the name of each tribe and in which the Urim and Tumim [Thummim] are carried. The Chosen [Breastplate] is attached on to the Ephod with straps/ties

7. The Turban/ Mitre: [with embroidered sash] 8. The Linen Breeches: that went from the hips to the thighs

(Note: Vestments could only be worn during the Liturgical service: Ezekiel 42:14) Sirach [Ecclesiasticus] 45:1-22 recalls God’s perpetual covenant with Aaron which established a ministerial priesthood. This passage also outlines the duties and obligations of the priesthood: Moses consecrated him and anointed him with holy oil; and this was an everlasting covenant for him, and for his descendants as long as the heavens endure, that he should preside over worship, act as priest, and bless the people in the name of the Lord. He chose him out of all the living to offer sacrifices to the Lord, incense and perfume as a memorial to make expiation for the people. He entrusted him with his commandments, committed him to the statues of the Law for him to teach Jacob and his decrees and enlighten Israel on his law (Sir 45:15-17; New Jerusalem translation). In this passage from Sirach four elements identify the office of the priesthood within God’s covenant with Israel:

1. His dignity and responsibility as God’s representative 2. The purpose of the spiritual side of his priestly mission which is to act on behalf

of the covenant people in their relationship with God, instructing them in the Law of God and in living lives of holiness

3. The purpose of priestly service to God and the people in the liturgy of covenant worship

4. To offer sacrifice for the atonement of sin and the restoration of communion with God

M. Hunt copyright 2005 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

SUMMARY OF NUMBERS BIBLICAL PERIOD

#3: THE TEN TRIBES AND THE SINAI COVENANT

FOCUS OLD EXODUS GENERATION

TRANSITION NEW WILDERNESS GENERATION

COVENANT SINAI COVENANT [Covenant with Phinehas] SCRIPTURE 1:1-----------5:1-----------10:11----13:1-----15:1-----21:1----26:1--------28:1-------31:1--36:13

DIVISION

Organization

of Israel

Sanctification

of Israel

Travel

to Kadesh

at

Kadesh Barnea

In the

Wilder-ness

Plains

of Moab

Reorgan- ization of

Israel

Review of

Covenant sacrifices

& Holy Days

of Obligation

Conquest of

Midian

Planning the conquest of

Canaan

ORDER DISORDER REORDER TOPIC PREPARATION POSTPONEMENT PREPARATION

LOCATION

MOUNT SINAI

WILDERNESS

PLAINS OF MOAB

TIME

Last 20 DAYS [left Sinai 20th day, 2nd

month 2nd year after Egypt]

38 YEARS 3 MONTHS 10 DAYS

c. 5 MONTHS

TIME LINE BC: World Power: Egypt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- United Kingdom

2000BC __________________1600BC____________________1350BC________________1000BC__ ABRAHAM ----------EXODUS?--------------- DAVID [Numbers] Conquest of Jerusalem

Encampment of the Tribes

Issachar Zebulun R

euben

Judah

Simeon

Gad

Ephraim

Manasseh

Benjamin

Dan

Asher

Naphtali

Levi

Levi

Levi

Levi

SUMMARY OF LEVITICUS

BIBLICAL PERIOD

#3 THE TWELVE TRIBES / THE SINAI COVENANT

FOCUS SACRIFICE SANCTIFICATION COVENANT THE SINAI COVENANT [Covenant with Aaron and sons] SCRIPTURE 1:1-------8:1------------11:1-----------16:1---------18:1----21:1-----23:1-------25:1--------27:1-34

THE LAWS OF THE LITURGICAL RITES

THE LAWS OF SANCTIFICATION & THE HOLY DAYS OF OBLIGATION

DIVISION The sacrifices

& offerings

Consecration of the priests

Consecration of the people

National atonement

For the people

For the priests

For Liturgical worship

In the land of Canaan

Vows

THE WAY TO GOD

THE WALK WITH GOD

TOPIC

THE LAWS OF SACRIFICE

THE LAWS OF COMMUNION

[continued fellowship with God] LOCATION

MOUNT SINAI [also called MT. HOREB] IN MIDIAN

TIME

c. 1 MONTH ?

TIME LINE

2000BC _____________1600BC____________________1350BC____________________1000BC______ ABRAHAM ----------?EXODUS?--------------- DAVID Sinai Covenant Conquers Jerusalem

Biblical Period #4 THE CONQUEST OF CANAAN Readings for lessons 11 & 12

1. The 12 Spies Numbers 13:1-33 2. The Forty Years of Wandering Numbers 14:1 – 24:25 3. The Sin of Baal of Peor / Covenant

of the Perpetual Priesthood Numbers 25:1 – 18 4. Moses’ Final Homily

The Promise of the Prophet Deuteronomy 18:13-20 Covenant Blessings and Curses Deuteronomy 28:1 – 31:13

5. The Commissioning of Joshua and

The Song of Witness Deuteronomy 31:14 – 32:44 6. The Death of Moses Deuteronomy 34: 1-12 7. Joshua’s Invasion of Canaan Joshua 1:1-6:27 8. Covenant Renewal at Mt. Ebal Joshua 8:30-35 9. Division of the Land by Tribes Joshua 13:7-19:51 10. Joshua’s Farewell Address Joshua 23:1-16 [all dates are BC] WORLD POWER: EGYPT---------------------------------------------------ASSYRIA (Babylon defeats United Assyria 612) Kingdom----- c. 2000 ? 1300? 1212-1202 1000 930-586

Abraham Moses Conquest of Merneptha David Divided Kingdom Canaan Pharaoh of conquered 10 tribes = Israel Joshua Egypt.Stele Jerusalem 2 tribes = Judah c.1210BC claiming -722 Israel destroyed by victory in a Assyria = deportation military raid into of the 10 tribes

Israel: "Israel is laid - 586 Judah destroyed waste, his seed is not." by Babylon = 70

Proof that Israel is establish years of exile as a people in Canaan in the

13th century BC -776 Olympic games founded in Greece

-756 founding of Rome

THE SEVEN ANNUAL SACRED FEASTS OF THE OLD COVENANT: The Annual Feasts of Remembrance

Yahweh said to Moses, ‘Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘These are my appointed feasts, the appointed feasts of Yahweh, which

you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies.’ Leviticus 23:1-2

Then never let anyone criticize you for what you eat or drink, or about the observance of annual festivals, New Moons or Sabbaths. These are only a shadow of what was coming: the reality is

the body of Christ. Colossians 2:16-17 * = Pilgrim feasts: Ex 23:14-17; 34:18-23; Dt 16:1-16; 2Chr 8:13

SACRED FEAST OLD TESTAMENT SCRIPTURE REFERENCE

OLD TESTAMENT /

MODERN TIME

DESCRIPTION Old Testament and

application New Testament

PASSOVER (begins the liturgical year) (PESACH) -Signified the Redemption of Israel

Ex 12:1-4; Lev 23:5; Num 9:1-14; Num 28:16 Dt 16:1-3, 4-7; Mt 26:17; Mk 14:12-26; Jn 2:13; Jn 11:55; 1 Cor 5:7; Heb 11:28

14th Aviv (Nisan) Mar./Apr.

Old Testament: Slaying and eating a lamb or kid. Remembering Israel’s deliverance from Egypt. N.T.= last legitimate Old Covenant Passover sacrifice

*UNLEVENED BREAD (HAG HAMATZOT) -Signified the Sanctification of the Israel

Ex 12:15-20; 39; Ex 13:3-10; Ex 23:15; Ex 34:18; Lev 23:6-8; Num 28:17-25; Dt 16:3, 4, 8; Mk 14:1,12; Act 12:3; 1 Cor 5:6-8

15-21 Aviv (Nisan) Mar./Apr. 7 day feast

Old Testament: At sundown, eating the Passover sacrifice together with bitter herbs and unleavened bread. This feast lasted 7 days (8 if Passover is counted) in which eating bread with yeast (the symbol of sin) is forbidden. Remembering how Yahweh brought Israel out of Egypt in haste and that they are called to be a "holy people". Making designated sacrifices & offerings each day. N.T.= The Last Supper/first

Eucharistic sacrifice and the Crucifixion

FIRSTFRUITS (YOM HABIKKURIM) This feast is no longer observed in Rabbinic Judaism (only the “firstfruits” of the wheat harvest at the Feast of Weeks is observed today) -Signified Resurrection of Israel as a free people

Ex 23:19; 34:26; Lev 23:9-14; Deut. 26:5,9-10; Matt 28:1; Mk 16:1-2; Lk 24:1; Jn 1:20; Ro 8:23; 1 Cor 15:20-23

The day after the first Sabbath after Passover (Lev. 23:11) = Sunday Aviv = March/April

Old Testament: Presenting a sheaf of the first barley harvest as a wave offering; making a burnt offering of a perfect male lamb**, a grain offering and wine libation. Remembering the redemption of the first-born in Egypt on the anniversary of crossing the Red Sea and recognizing God’s bounty in the Promised Land. N.T. = Resurrection of Jesus Christ!

*WEEKS (PENTECOST=50th day in Greek) (SHAVUOT or HAG HASHAVUOT) also known as FEAST OF THE HARVEST (HAG HAKATZIR) -Signified the Origination of Israel as the Covenant people Of Yahweh

Ex 23:16; 34:22a; Lev 23:15-21; Num 28:26-31; Dt 16:9-12; Act 2:1-4; 20:16; 1 Cor 16:8

Sivan May/June 50 days after Firstfruits = on a Sunday

Old Testament: A festival of joy; numerous mandatory and voluntary offerings including the firstfruits of the wheat harvest. Recalling the giving of the Law at Sinai 50 days after crossing the Red Sea and thankfulness for the Lord’s blessings and birth of the O.T. Church. N.T.=birth of New Covenant Church

THE LONG SUMMER HARVEST

TRUMPETS (ROSH

Lev 23:23-25; Num 29:1-6;

1 Tishri Sept/Oct

Old Testament: Ingathering of the

HASHANA) beginning of the civil year. -Signified the calling to Judgment of Israel

2Sam 6:15; 1 Cor. 15:52; 1 Thes. 4-16

nation of Israel. A sacred assembly and a day of rest commemorated with trumpet blasts and numerous sacrifices. Israel presents itself before the Lord for his favor. N.T. = The Second Coming of Christ?

DAY OF ATONEMENT (YOM KIPUR) -Signified the Atonement of the Covenant people

Lev 16:23,26-32; Num 29:7-11; Ro 3:24-26; Heb 9:7; 10:3, 30-31; 10:19-22; Act 27:9; 2Ptr 3:7; Rev 17:4 & 20:12

10 Tishri Sept/Oct

Old Testament: A day of rest, fasting and numerous sacrifices of atonement for priests and people and atonement for the tabernacle and altar. Cleanse people and priests and people from their sins and purify the Holy Place in the Temple. N.T. = The Great Judgment?

*TABERNACLES also called FEAST OF SHELTERS OR BOOTHS (SUKKOTH) -Signified God’s presence with His Covenant people; looked forward to the coming of the Messiah

Ex 23:16b; 34:22b; Lev 23:33-36; 39-43; Num 29:12-34; Dt 16:13-15; 1 Kings 8:3 & 65; 2 Chr 7:1; Zec 14:16-19; Jn 7:2; Mt24:35; 2 Pt 3:7, 10 &13; Rev 21:1

15-22 Tishri Sept/Oct 8 day feast

Old Testament: A week of celebration for the harvest; living in booths and offering numerous sacrifices including 70 bulls, representing the gentile nations. Memorializes the giving of the Tabernacle and giving thanks for the productivity of the land; looks forward to the enthronement of the Messiah. NT = Creation of the new heaven &

earth? * The 3 pilgrim Feasts: every Israelite male, 13 years or older, must present himself to Yahweh three times a year at the Temple in Jerusalem at the Feast of Unleavened Bread (the 7 day feast following the Passover sacrifice), the Feast of Weeks (Pentecost), and at the Feast of Tabernacles (Booths); see Ex 23:14-17 & Dt 16:16; 2 Chr 8:13. It was not necessary to be at the Passover sacrifice, but it was necessary to be present for the sacrificial meal on at sundown, which became the first night of the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Mishnah:Pesahim 8:2). Passover (which begins the liturgical year), the Feast Unleavened Bread and the Feast of Firstfruits all fall within an 8 day period and the last feast of the year, the Feast of Tabernacles (which ends the liturgical year), also covers an 8-day period. If the 7 Sacred Feasts are a blueprint for God’s plan of salvation then we are presently in the period of “the long summer harvest”, and the laborers in God’s vineyard are gathering souls into God’s storehouse of heaven. Colossians 2:16-17: Then never let anyone criticize you for what you eat or drink, or about observance of annual festivals, New Moons or Sabbaths. These are only a shadow of what was coming: the reality is the body of Christ. ** The Feast of Firstfruits is the only annual feast that required the sacrifice of a perfect male lamb. The Passover sacrifice could be a kid or a goat (Ex 12:4). Jesus was resurrected on the feast of Firstfruits. The Jews no longer observe this feast which was commanded by God to be a perpetual observance for all generations in Lev 23:14. Weekly Feast of the Sabbath: The Sabbath is the 7th day of the week, commemorating the 7th day of Creation when God “rested” and was set aside as a special day of rest for the people to worship and commune with God. It was the only day of the week that was named. The Sabbath obligation was first announced in Exodus 16:23-29 in the wilderness on the way to Sinai and was associated with the event of the giving of the manna, which prefigured the Most Holy Eucharist. Other references to this obligation are repeated in Exodus 20:8-11 (10 Commandments); 31:13-16 (repeated after the sin of the Golden Calf); 35:2-3; Leviticus 23:3; and numerous references throughout the Old and New Testaments. Sacrifices: The 2 the daily Tamid lambs were doubled (see Numbers 28:4-10) and were accompanied by the prescribed wheat cake and wine libation. Periodic Feasts (monthly and holy year feasts):

• New Moon Feasts: A calendar feast which marked the beginning of each lunar month, celebrated with sacrifices and feasting. The official calendar of the covenant people was a lunar calendar and was designated by a religious or liturgical calendar which began in the spring with the month of Nisan or the civil calendar which began in the month of Tishri in the early fall. All religious feasts were commanded to be determined by the lunar calendar, even in Jesus’ time when it had been determined that the solar calendar was more accurate. In addition to the daily Tamid, sacrifices included a goat offered as a sacrifice for sin along with its accompanying wine libation. Also offered for each New Moon sacrifice were: 2 young bulls, 1 ram and 7 yearling lambs without blemish. A grain offering accompanied each sacrifice: for a bull three tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil; for each ram, two-tenths of fine flour mixed with iol; for

each lamb one-tenth of fine flour mixed with oil. A libation of half a hin of wine accompanied the sacrifice fro a bull, one-third of a hin for a ram and one-quarter of a hin for a lamb. Numbers 10:10; 28:11-15; 1 Samuel 20:18; 1 Chronicles 23:31; 2 Chronicles 4:8; 8:13; 31:3; Ezra 3:5; Nehemiah 10:33; Isaiah 1:13-14; Ezekiel 45:17; 46:3; Hosea 2:11, 13; Amos 8:5; Colossians 2:16.

• Sabbath Year Feasts: Every 7th year was designated a Sabbath year of the Lord

in which the land “rested.” The obligations for the Sabbath year are found in Exodus 23:10-11; Leviticus 25:1-7; 18-22; and Deuteronomy 15:1-11: the land must be “at rest” and cannot be sown nor can vines be pruned for a year. This holy year feast reminded the people that the land belonged to Yahweh. In addition to the rest for the land, all Israelites held as slaves were released from bondage in the 7th year and debts were forgiven; although there is some confusion as to whether this release from bondage was always in the Sabbath year or in the 7th year from when the Israelite was placed in bondage [also see Nehemiah 10:32].

• Jubilee Feasts: Counting 7 weeks of years, or 49 years from the last Sabbath

year, on the change of the civil year in the fall during the Feast of Atonement, 10 days after the New Year celebrated on the Feast of Trumpets, the 50th year is proclaimed and is celebrated as a Jubilee year. This arrangement allowed the Jubilee year to fall on a Sabbath year and helped to adjust the shorter lunar calendar. This feast provided a holy year of liberation in which the observances of the Sabbath year were enforced in addition to the return of the land to its original tribal owner. This holy feast allowed the Israelites to show the same mercy to each other that Yahweh had shown to them in the event of the Exodus: captives were liberated, debts were forgiven, and Yahweh’s land was “at rest” to be given to the covenant people again the next year. This holy year observance assured that social justice as maintained among the covenant people. Jesus declared a divine Jubilee in the first year of His ministry when He quoted from Isaiah 61:1-2. Only a king of Israel or a High Priest could proclaim a Jubilee year. Jesus announced He was the Messianic Davidic heir when He proclaimed a divine Jubilee in Luke 4:16-22 [see Leviticus 25:9-52; 27:17-25; Numbers 36:2-4]. Both the 7 yearly Sabbath Year Feast and the Jubilee Feasts were dropped by the covenant people soon after taking possession of the Promised Land. Greed and a lack of social conscience led to the failure to observe these feasts. It was for this reason that Yahweh commended a 70 year exile for Judah to atone for the 490 years of failure to keep the Sabbath Year Feasts. The people owed Yahweh 70 Sabbath years and so the land lay fallow for 70 years before the return from exile. There is no evidence that the Babylonians brought any other group of people into the Holy Land to occupy the land in those 70 years.

National Feasts inaugurated by the people and not by Yahweh:

• Purim (Adar = February/March), which celebrates the salvation of the Jews from gentile persecution in the Book of Esther (Esther 9:18-32).

• Hanukkah (or Chanukah), celebrated in the month of Kislev (December), the feast of the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem described in the Book of Maccabees, are not festivals ordained by God but are instead festivals proclaimed by the people to celebrate an historical event which demonstrated God’s divine intervention and protection of the Covenant people. Jesus observed the Feast of Hanukkah in John 10:22.

Please note that sometime shortly after the resurrection of Christ the Jewish religious authority adjusted the dates of the annual Feasts of Firstfruits and the next feast which was celebrated 50 days from Firstfruits, the Feast of Pentecost. They began to celebrate the Feast of Firstfruits on the day after the Feast of Unleavened Bread, on the 16th of Nisan so that feast would not be fulfilled in Jesus’ Resurrection from the dead. This meant that from that time on Firstfruits and Pentecost would no longer fall annually on a Sunday. The “great Sabbath” of Passover week was also then considered to be the week prior to the week long feast instead of in the midst of that holy week. However, the Karaite sect of Judaism, which claims descent from the Sadducees, continues to celebrate Firstfruits on the day after the first Sabbath of Passover week, on a Sunday, and Pentecost on a Sunday 50 days later just as commanded in Leviticus 23:11. The Karaites are also the only Jews who continue to celebrate the Feast of Firstfruits. Both Orthodox and Reform Jews count Pentecost as 50 days from the 16th of Nisan. For verification of this change see Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 13.8.4 (252) where this first century AD Jewish historian and former Old Covenant Priest writes: “And truly he did not speak falsely in saying so; for the festival, which we call Pentecost, did then fall out to be the next day to the Sabbath ….” Josephus offers evidence that the festival of Pentecost used to always fall on a Sunday, the day next to the Sabbath which was Saturday. The feast of Pentecost was determined by counting 7 times 7 weeks from the Feast of Firstfruits and the 50th day would then be the Feast of Pentecost. Josephus’ statement means that Firstfruits also used to be celebrated on a Sunday [see Leviticus 23:11], foreshadowing God’s plan that the Christ should be resurrected on the Feast of Firstfruits on a Sunday and that the birth of the New Covenant Church would be on the Sunday of the Feast of Pentecost! Michal Hunt copyright 1991 revised 1997, 2006, July 2007.

The results of the census of the 12 Tribes of Israel: Tribe Numbers

of fighting men

Ruben 46,500 Simeon 59,300 Gad 45,650 Judah 74,600 Issachar 54,400 Zebulun 57,400 Ephraim 40,500 Manasseh 32,200 Benjamin 35,400 Dan 62,700 Asher 41,500 Naphtali 53,400 Total Tribe count of men 20 yrs. or older eligible for military service

603,550

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The Sinai Covenant

• Sinai is a 3-fold Covenant–1. Creed: “what to believe”–2. Code: “what to do”–3. Cult: “how to worship”

DIVISION OF THE LEVITES AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES

GERSHON – entrance to the Temple, bronze altar, outer court area. (2 sub-clans) KOHATH – the Priests & High Priest (descendants of Aaron) : care of the Sanctuary (Holy Place & Holy of Holies), the Ark, table, lampstand, golden altar, articles of the sanctuary used in ministering. (Aaron & Moses one of 4 sub-clans = Amramites) MERARI - care and maintenance of the Temple and everything relating to its use. (2 sub-clans) www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

SUMMARY OF DEUTERONOMY

BIBLICAL PERIOD

#3 THE TWELVE TRIBES/ THE SINAI COVENANT

FOCUS FIRST HOMILY SECOND HOMILY THIRD HOMILY COVENANT -------------------------------------THE SINAI COVENANT------------------------------------------------ SCRIPTURE 1:1---------------------------------- 4:44---12:1---16:18------21:1--- 27:1---29:1---31:1----34:12

DIVISION OF

TEXT

-Review of God’s works for Israel

-Exposition of the Decalogue -Ceremonial Laws -Civil Laws -Social Laws

-Ratification of the Covenant renewed -Renewed covenant blessings and curses -Transition of Covenant mediator

TOPIC What God has done for Israel Israel’s obligations under the Covenant

God’s obligations under the Covenant

LOCATION

T H E P L A I N S O F M O A B

TIME

c. O N E M O N T H

TIME LINE

c. 2000BC __________________1600BC____________________1350BC____________________1000BC______ ABRAHAM ----------EXODUS?--------------- DAVID conquers Jerusalem

COVENANT TREATY FORMAT ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN KINGDOMS In covenant swearing both the dominant King and his vassal swear an oath in treaty form, thereby creating a covenant bonding the 2 parties. The standard covenant had 5 parts: 1. Preamble: identifying the Lordship of the Great King & stressing his greatness, dominance & immanence (nearness 7 power) 2. Historical Prologue: recounting the Great King’s previous relationship to his vassal (with special emphasis on the benefits or blessing of that relationship). 3. Ethical Stipulations: enumerating the vassal’s obligations to the Great King (his guide to maintaining the relationship) 4. Sanctions: a list of the blessings for obedience and the curses that will fall on the vassal if he breaks the covenant. 5. Succession: Arrangements and provisions for the continuity of the covenant relationship over future generations.

Covenant Treaties of Old Testament: One of the best examples of a Covenant Treaty in the OT is the Book of Deuteronomy written by Moses just before the new generation of the Sinai Covenant took possession of the Promised Land. It is a Covenant renewal treaty. The book naturally divides into 5 sections which correspond to the 5 parts of ancient covenant structure.

1. Preamble (1:1-5) 2. Historical Prologue (1:6-4:49) 3. Ethical Stipulations (5:1-26:19) 4. Sanctions (27:1-30:20) 5. Succession Arrangements (31:1-34:12)

When a vassal kingdom violated the terms of the covenant agreement, the Great Lord would send emissaries to warn the offenders of the coming judgment and enforcement of the curse sanctions. In the Bible it was the mission of God’s holy Prophets (who acted as God’s prosecuting attorneys) to bring the message of the covenant Lawsuit to the offending nation = in Hebrew a ‘rib’ or riv. For example: Isaiah and Hosea brought a Covenant Lawsuit against Israel in the 8th century BC; Both Jeremiah Ezekiel brought a Covenant Lawsuit against Judea in the 6th century BC. Each prophet addressed the generation on which the Covenant curses would fall. Some examples in Scripture:

1. Deuteronomy 4:26; 30:19; 32:1 2. Psalm 50:4-7 3. Isaiah 1:2 &21; 3:13 4. Micah 6:1 5. The Book of Hosea (see 2:4 (2)-15 (13); Hosea 4:1: “Israelites, hear what

Yahweh says, for Yahweh indicts [literally brings a ‘riv’, covenant lawsuit to] the citizens of the country: there is no loyalty, no faithful love, no knowledge of God in the country…”

The book of Hosea is laid out in the classic Covenant Treaty format:

1. Preamble: Hosea chapter 1 2. Historical prologue: chapters 2-3 3. Ethical Stipulations: chapters 2-7 4. Sanctions: chapters 8-9 5. Succession Arrangements: chapters 10-14

(see Kline: Treaty of the Great King; also Sutton That you may Prosper: Dominion by Covenant) M. Hunt © 1991 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

THE ROCK IS CHRIST I want you to be quite certain, brothers that our ancestors all had the cloud over them and all passed through the sea. In the cloud and in the sea they were all baptized into Moses; all ate the same spiritual food and all drank the same spiritual drink, since they drank from the spiritual rock which followed them, and that rock was Christ. 1Cor 10:1-5

St. Paul identifies “The Rock” as the pre-existent Christ already active in the history of God’s people. “The Rock” is central to the Song of Witness that Moses and Joshua are instructed to teach Israel in Deuteronomy chapter 32. The Jews sang this song at every Sabbath liturgy up to the destruction of the Temple in 70AD. Deut. 32: 1-44: The Rock” as God is mentioned 5 times, 5 is the number of grace: #1. verse 4: He is the Rock, His work is perfect,… #2. verse 15: Jacob has eaten to his heart’s content, Jeshurun, grown fat, has now lashed out. (You have grown fat, gross, bloated.) He has disowned the God who made him and dishonored the Rock, his salvation,.. #3. verse18: You forget the Rock who fathered you, the God who made you, you no longer remember…. #4. verse 30: How else could one man rout a thousand, how could two put ten thousand to flight, were it not that their Rock has sold them, that Yahweh has delivered them up? #5 verse 31: But their rock is not like our Rock; our enemies cannot pray for us! For their vine springs from the stock of Sodom and from the groves of Gomorrah… Note: the word rock is used separately in v. 31 and v. 37 as false gods but Rock in reference to Yahweh God is used 5 times. Five is the number symbolizing grace and power in Scripture. There are 2 other Old Testament passages which St. Paul identifies in 1Corinthians 10:1-5 as Christ “The Rock”: #1. Exodus 17:1-7 (v. 3): But, tormented by thirst, the people complained to Moses. ‘Why did you bring us out of Egypt,’ they said, ‘only to make us, our children and our livestock, die of thirst?’ Moses appealed to Yahweh for help. ‘How an I to deal with this people?’ he said……. (v. 5-6) “Yahweh then said to Moses, ‘Go on ahead of the people, taking some of the elders of Israel with you; in your hand take the staff with which you struck the River, and go. I shall be waiting for you there on the rock at Horeb. Strike the rock, and water will come out for the people to drink.’ #2. Numbers 20:1-13; verse 7: Take the branch and call the community together, you and your brother Aaron. Then, in full view of them, order this rock to release its water…” (v.11) “Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with the branch; water gushed out in abundance… verse 12: Yahweh then said to Moses and Aaron, ‘Because you did not believe that I could assert my holiness before the Israelites’ eyes, you will not lead this assembly into the country which I am giving them.’ Question: Why was the act of not fulfilling God’s instructions to call on the rock instead of striking it in Numbers 20:1-13 so serious? It is true that Moses was disobedient but was it intentional disobedience or disobedience brought on by Moses’ great frustration with the people? How could this one act loose for Moses the right to cross into the Promised Land? The answer is in St. Paul’s statement that the Rock is Christ. How many times was Jesus struck for our sins? After His death, burial, and resurrection how do we now receive the Water of Eternal life that only Christ can bring? Answer: This is an important promise of the miracle of Eucharist. To receive Christ now, we call on Him when the priest says the words of Consecration which Jesus spoke at the Last Supper. The priest calls and He comes to us Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity. M. Hunt © 2000 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

1

SUMMARY OF JOSHUA BIBLICAL

PERIOD #4 THE CONQUEST OF CANAAN

FOCUS CONQUEST OF THE PROMISED LAND

SETTLEMENT OF THE PROMISED LAND

COVENANT THE SINAI COVENANT SCRIPTURE 1:1---------6:1-------------13:8----------------14:1----------------20:1------------22:1-----24:33

DIVISION OF

TEXT

PREPARA- TION OF ISRAEL FOR WAR

CONQUEST OF

CANAAN

SETTLEMENT OF EAST JORDAN

SETTLEMENT OF WEST JORDAN

SETTLEMENT OF

RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY

CONDITIONS FOR

CONTINUED SETTLEMENT

INITIAL INVASION

WAR OF DOMINA-

TION

TRIBAL DIVISION OF THE LAND

TOPIC

12 TRIBES PREPARE

FOR WAR

SUBJUGA- TION OF NATIVE

POPULATION

VICTORY OVER CANAANITE CITIES

LOCATION

EAST SIDE OF THE JORDAN RIVER

CANAAN

TWO AND A HALF TRIBES ON EAST OF JORDAN NINE AND A HALF TRIBES ON WEST OF JORDAN

TIME

c. 1 month

c. 7 years

c. 7 years

TIME LINE BC UNITED KINGDOM—DIVIDED KINGDOM—EXILE------------------- WORLD EMPIRE: EGYPT-----------------------------------------------------------ASSYRIA--------------------BABYLON---------- c. 2000? ? 1300? 1212-1202 1000 930 722 587/6

-Abraham -Moses - Conquest of -Merneptha -David -Southern Kingdom destroyed Canaan Stele conquers Jerusalem -722 Northern Kingdom destroyed 587/6BC www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

Readings for Biblical Period 5: THE AGE OF THE JUDGES OF ISRAEL Lesson # 13

1. The End of the Conquest Judges 1:1-2:23 2. Israel Falls into Sin -- God

Raises up the Judges Judges 2:11-23 3. Othniel, Ehud and Shamgar

Serve Israel Judges 3:7-11;15-31 4. Deborah and Barak defeat Sisera Judges 4:1-5:31 5. Gideon Defeats the Midianites Judges 6:1-9:57 6. Jephthah Defeats the Ammonites Judges 10:6- 12:7 7. Samson Defeats the Philistines Judges 13:1-16:31 8. The Decline of Faith in Israel Judges 17:1-21:25 9. The Story of Ruth and The Kinsman

Redeemer Ruth 1:1-4:22 10. The Birth of the Prophet Samuel and

The War against the Philistines 1 Samuel 1:1-28; 7:1-17

WORLD POWER: EGYPT-------------------------------------------------------------ASSYRIA------------ [all dates BC] UNITED KINGDOM ISRAEL--DIVIDED KINGDOM Israel and Judah

c. 1300 c.1200 1100 1050 1000 966 930 Conquest of ---- c. Period of the Judges ---------------/- Saul David / Rehoboam son of Solomon Canaan------------------- / 1st king / Solomon / king of Israel, capitol

Birth of the prophet Samuel of Israel / Builds the / in Jerusalem ------------------Philistines------------- / Temple 930 continual war captures Civil War against Israel Jerusalem & 10 Northern crowned king tribes become of Israel Northern Kingdom [king of Judah under King Jeroboam,

7 years earlier] [tribe of Ephraim] www.agapebiblestudy.com capitol city = Samaria

PERIOD OF THE JUDGES OF ISRAEL

Judge and Tribe Scripture reference

Major Events Enemies of Israel Period of Oppression

Period of Rest

1. Othniel (Judah) Son of Kenaz the younger brother of Caleb

Judges 1:11-15; 3:1-11; Joshua

15:16-19; 1Chron.

4:13

Othniel was the nephew of Caleb (Judges 3:11) and became his son-in-law after the capture of Kirjath Sepher (Judges 1:12-13)

Cushan-Rishathaim, King of Mesopotamia (Judges 3:8)

8 Years (Judges 3:8)

40 years (Judges 3:11)

2. Ehud (Benjamin) Son of Gera

Judges 3:12-30

Ehud was a left-handed Benjamite who personally killed Eglon the fat king of Moab (Judges 3:21-22) He led in the slaying of 10,000 Moabites (3:29).

Eglon king of Moab; the Ammonites; the Amalekites (Judges 3:12-13)

18 years (Judges 3:14)

80 years (Judges 3:30)

3. Shamgar (?) His name is not Hebrew. Son of Anath

Judges 3:31-5:6

He killed 600 Philistines with an oxgoad (Judges 3:31). The "Song of Deborah refers to "in the days of Shamgar ben Anath" in Judges 5:6; possibly the son of a mixed marriage = Hurrian/ Israelite?

Philistines (Judges 3:31)

Not given Not given

4. Deborah /Barak (Ephraim and Naphtali)

Judges 4:1-5:31;

1 Samuel 12:11;

Hebrews 11:32

Deborah was a prophetess and a judge. She was the wife of Lapidoth (Judges 4:4; 5:7). Deborah and her general, Barak, defeated Sisera, the general of the Army of Canaanite King Jabin of Hazor at the Battle of Kishon on Mt Tabor (4:13-16). The Song of Deborah (ch 15) recounts the great victory. Barak is listed among the “Heroes of the Faith” in Hebrew 11:32

Jabin, Canaanite king of Hazor (Judges 4:2) Sisera, general and vassal of Jabin; may have been a Hittite (Judges 4:2-22; 5:26-28)

20 years (Judges 4:3)

40 years

5. Gideon (Manasseh) Son of Joash the Abiezrite.

Judges 6:1-8:32

Hebrews 11:32

The Angel of the Lord appeared to Gideon at Ophrah (Judges 6:11-18). Gideon destroyed the altar of Baal (Judges 6:25-27). Seeking God’s will Gideon put out a fleece twice for a sign (6:36-40) On God’s command he reduced the size of his army from 32,000 to 10,000 to 300 (7:2-8), and successfully routed the Midianite army (17:16-22).

Midianites (Judges 6:1,3,33; 7:12) Amalekites (Judges 6:3, 33; 7:12) “People of the East” (Judges 6:3,33; 7:12)

7 years ( Judges 6:1)

40 years (Judges 8:28)

He took revenge on the men of Succoth and Penuel for not giving his army bread (8:5-9, 14-17). He killed the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna in revenge for the killing of his brothers at the battle of Mt. Tabor (8:18-21). He made a gold ephod that led the people into idolatry (8:24-27).

*Abimelech (Manasseh). Son of Gideon by a concubine (*He usurped power and should not be counted as Yahweh’s judge)

Judges 8:33-9:57 2Samuel

11:21

Abimelech killed all his half brothers with the exception of Jotham, the youngest (Judges 9:5). He defeated Gaal (Judges 9:26-41), captured and then razed the city of Shechem (Judges 9:42-49). He was severely injured when a Thebezen woman threw down a millstone from the besieged city wall, which struck him on the head. He then had his armorbearer kill him with a sword (Judges 9:50-54).

Civil War Abimelech usurped power and ruled 3 years (Judges 9:22)

6. Tola (Issachar) Son of Puah

Judges 10:1,2

Tola was probably from one of the leading clans of Issachar (Genesis 46:13; Numbers 26:23)

He judged Israel 23 years (Judges 10:2)

7. Jair (Gilead-Manasseh)

Judges 10:3-5

Jair may have been a descendant of the same Jair who distinguished himself during the days of Moses and Joshua (see Numbers 32:41; Deuteronomy 3:14; Joshua 13:30; 1Kings 4:13; 1Chronicles 2:21). He had 30 sons who were itinerant judges (10:4).

He judged Israel 22 years (Judges 10:3)

8. Jephthah (Gilead-Manesseh) Son of Gilead by a harlot (Judges 11:1)

Judges 10:6-12:7; Hebrews

11:32

Jephthah was the son of Gilead by a harlot (Judges 11:1); he was driven away by his half brothers (Judges11:2, 3). The Elders of Gilead brought him back and made him their chief at Mizpah (Judges 11:4-11). Jephthah refused to give up Gilead to the Ammonites (Judges 11:26). He fought the Ammonites and conquered some 20 cities (Judges 11:32,33). The swearing of a foolish vow cost him his daughter (11:31-40). He defeated the tribe of Ephraimites (12:1-16) who had been offended because they had not been asked to join in the battle against the Amorites.

Philistines ( Judges 10:7) Ammonites (10:7) Civil war with the tribe of Ephraim (12:4)

18 years (Judges 10:8)

He judged Israel 6 years (Judges 12:7)

9. Ibzan (?Judah or Zebulun) see Joshua 19:15

Judges 12:8-10

Ibzan was a socially prominent man who had 30 sons and 30 daughters for whom he arranged marriages. Jewish tradition identifies him with Boaz of Bethlehem-Judah.

Judged Israel 7 years

10. Elon (Zebulun) Judges 12:11, 12

He was buried at Aijalon in Zebulun (Judg. 12:12) Judged Israel 10 years

11. Abdon (Ephraim) Son of Hillel

Judges 12:13-15

Abdon, the son of Hillel was a man of wealth and prominence. He had 40 sons and 30 grandsons (Judges 12:14). He was a native of Pirathon and was later buried there (Judges 12:13,15)

Judged Israel 8 years (Judges 12:14)

12. Samson (Dan) Son of Manoah

Judges 13:1-16:31;

Hebrews 11:32

An angel announced Samson’s birth. He was consecrated as a Nazarite from birth (Judges 13:5, 7; 16:16; Numbers chapter 6). He had a fatal fondness for Philistine women. Samson was a man of immense strength: he killed a lion bear-handed (Judg14:5, 6); he killed 30 Philistines at Ashkelon (14:19), and “thousand” with a jawbone of an ass (Judges 15:14-19). Other amazing deeds included catching 300 foxes, tying them in pairs with torches and turning them loose to burn the gain fields of the Philistines (Judges 15:1-8), and carrying off the gate of Gaza (Judges 16:1-3). Samson was conquered by the Philistine girl, Delilah, who cut his hair, the source of his strength. He was blinded and imprisoned at Gaza (Judges 16:4-22). He called out to God who allowed his strength to return. He pulled down the Temple of Dagon killing himself and about 3,000 Philistines (Judges 16:23-31).

Philistines (Judges 13:1)

40 years (Judges 13:1)

Judged Israel 20 years (Judges 15:20; 16:31)

Michal Hunt © March 2004 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

SUMMARY OF THE BOOK OF JUDGES

BIBLICAL PERIOD

#5 THE JUDGES RULE ISRAEL

FOCUS CYCLE OF APOSTASY

CYCLE OF DELIVERANCE

CYCLE OF DEPRAVITY

COVENANT THE SINAI COVENANT SCRIPTURE 1:1------------2:1---------3:5----------------------------17:1-------19:1-------20:1-21:5 DIVISIONS Israel fails to

complete the conquest

God judges Israel

The six campaigns to take the Land

Sin of idolatry

Sin of immoral-ity

Sin of Civil War

CAUSES OF THE CYCLES

CURSE OF THE CYCLES

CONDITION OF ISRAEL DURING THE CYCLES

TOPIC

LIVING WITH THE CANAANITES

WAR AGAINST THE CANAANITES

ADOPTING CANAANITE CUSTOMS

LOCATION THE PROMISED LAND OF CANAAN TIME circa 350/ 410 YEARS ?

TIME LINE: BC World Empire: Egypt------------------------------------------------------------------------Assyria UNITED KINGDOM ---DIVIDED KINGDOM

Northern Kingdom = Israel / Southern Kingdom = Judah

c. 1300 c.1200 1100 1047 1000 930 722 Conquest of ---- c. Period of the Judges --------Saul David/ Rehoboam= Assyria Canaan / conquers Civil War conquers

Ruth and Boaz Jerusalem Israel

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The formula for rule of God’s Judge

• Announcement of wrongdoing• Statement of God’s response• Notice of how long Israel suffered• Reference to Israel “crying out”• God “raises up” a deliverer• How deliverance is achieved• Concluding note on length of the peace

SUMMARY OF 1 SAMUEL

BIBLICAL PERIOD #6 THE UNITED KINGDOM FOCUS THE LAST JUDGES OF ISRAEL THE FIRST KINGS OF ISRAEL

COVENANT THE SINAI COVENANT SCRIPTURE 1:1--------------------4:1-----------------------8:1------------13:1-------------15:10---31:13

DIVISION

# 1 Transition of leadership from Eli to

Samuel

Samuel: Priest and last

Judge of Israel

#2 Transition of leadership from Samuel to King Saul

The reign of King Saul

#3 Transition of leadership from Saul to

David

DECLINE OF ISRAEL AS A THEOCRACY

RISE OF ISRAEL AS A MONARCHY

TOPIC

ELI SAMUEL SAUL DAVID

LOCATION

THE PROMISED LAND – ISRAEL

TIME

Circa 94 years

TIME LINE:

[all dates BC] ----------------UNITED KINGDOM OF ISRAEL-----DIVIDED KINGDOMS of Israel & Judah-----Exile----

c. 1047 c.1010 c. 1000 c. 970 c.930 722 587/6 539 Saul death of David Solomon Solomon dies Israel destroyed Judah \Cyrus defeats

Anointed by Saul; captures rules Rehoboam becomes by Assyrians destroyed by Babylon. Edict Samuel as tribe of Judah Jerusalem -builds the king and alienates the Babylon. of Cyrus in 538 allows 1st King crowns David King of Israel Temple northern tribes =Civil War Exile of Judah return of Judah from exile www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

THE KINSMAN-REDEEMER

OLD TESTAMENT QUALIFICATION

CHRIST’S FULFILLMENT

Blood relationship Deuteronomy 25:5, 7-10; Leviticus 25:25; Ruth 2:1

Galatians 4:4, 5: ...but when the completion of the time came, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born a subject of the Law, to redeem the subjects of the Law, so that we could receive adoption as sons. Hebrews 2:16, 17: For it was not the angels that he took to himself; he took to himself the line of Abraham. It was essential that he should in this way be made completely like his brothers so that he could become a compassionate and trustworthy high priest for their relationship to God, able to expiate the sins of the people. Also see John 1:14; Romans 1:3; Philippians 2:5-8

Necessary Resources Leviticus 25:25-26; Ruth 2:1

1 Corinthians 6:20: Are you not your own property, then; you have been bought at a price. So use your body for the glory of God. 1Peter 1:18, 19: For you know that the price of your ransom from the futile way of life handed down from your ancestors was paid, not in anything perishable like silver or gold, but in precious blood as of a blameless and spotless lamb, Christ. Also see 1 Corinthians 6:20

Willingness to Buy Deuteronomy 25:7, 9; Ruth 3:11

John 10:15-18: ...just as the Father knows me and I know the Father; and I lay down my life for my sheep. And there are other sheep I have that are not of this fold, and I must lead these too. They too will listen to my voice, and there will be only one flock, one shepherd. The Father loves me, because I lay down my life in order to take it up again. No one takes it from me; I lay it down of my own free will, and as I have power to lay it down, so I have power to take it up again; and this is the command I have received from my Father. 1 John 3:16: This is the proof of love, that he laid down his life for us, and we too ought to lay down our lives for our brothers. Also see Matthew 20:28; Hebrews 10:7; Titus 2:14

He offered himself for us in order to ransom us from all our faults and to purify a people to be his very own and eager to do good (Titus 2:14). See CCC # 607-8; 802. M. Hunt © 2002; revised 2005 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

Readings for Biblical Period 6: THE UNITED KINGDOM Lessons #15-16

1. Israel asks Yahweh for a King 1 Samuel 8:1-22 2. Samuel Anoints Saul King over Israel 1 Samuel 9:1-10:27 3. Saul looses God’s favor 1 Samuel 15:1-23 4. Samuel Anoints David King 1 Samuel 16:1-23 5. David’s Military Success 1Samuel 17:1 – 18:30 6. Saul Seeks David’s Death/

David’s Life as an Outlaw 1 Samuel 19:1-12; 21:1-6; 22:1-2 7. Saul Murders the Priests of Yahweh 1 Samuel 22:11-23 8. David Becomes King of Israel 2 Samuel 1:1-5:25 9. God’s Covenant with David 2 Samuel 7:1-29 10. Solomon is Anointed King 1 Kings 1:28-2:12 11. Solomon Builds God’s Temple 1 Kings 5:1 – 8:66 12. The Downfall of Solomon 1 Kings 11:1-43

WORLD POWER: EGYPT [all dates BC] ----------------UNITED KINGDOM OF ISRAEL-----------------DIVIDED KINGDOM c.1147 c.1007 c. 1000 c. 963 c.930

Saul death of David Solomon Solomon dies Anointed by Saul; captures continues Rehoboam becomes

Samuel as tribe of Judah Jerusalem to rule after king and alienates the 1st King of crowns David crowned David’s death northern tribes Israel king of all / \

Israel In c. 966 c.931 The 10 Northern tribes split Solomon from Judah and Benjamin. begins Jeroboam of Ephraim becomes to build the King of the Northern Kingdom Temple in of Israel with his capitol at Jerusalem. It is Samaria [931-910] completed in 7 yrs. as the ancients counted = 960BC* *no concept of 0 place value until the Middle Ages M. Hunt

SUMMARY OF THE BOOK OF RUTH BIBLICAL

PERIOD #5 THE JUDGES OF ISRAEL

FOCUS RUTH’S OBEDIENCE AND LOVE DEMONSTRATAED

RUTH’S OBEDIENCE AND LOVE REWARDED

COVENANT THE SINAI COVENANT SCRIPTURE 1:1---------------------------1:19------------------------3:1---------------------------4:1-------------4:22

DIVISION OF

TEXT

Ruth’s decision to stay with Naomi

Ruth’s obedience & devotion to Naomi

Ruth’s request for redemption through her

kinsman Boaz

Ruth’s reward of redemption by her

kinsman

RUTH AND NAOMI

RUTH AND BOAZ

TOPIC Namoi’s family destroyed: death of Naomi’s husband

and sons in Moab

Ruth unites herself to Naomi and travels to

Israel

Boaz becomes Kinsman Redeemer for Naomi and

Ruth

Namoi’s family restored:

Birth of Obed, son of Ruth and Boaz

LOCATION

MOAB

FIELDS OF BETHLEHEM IN

JUDEA

THRESHING FLOOR OF

BETHLEHEM

BETHLEHEM

TIME Circa 12 YEARS

TIME LINE: BC UNITED KINGDOM ---DIVIDED KINGDOM Northern Kingdom = Israel / Southern Kingdom = Judah

c. 1300 c.1200 1100 1050 1000 930 722 586 Conquest of ---- c. Period of the Judges --------Saul David / Rehoboam= Assyria Babylon Canaan / Soloman Civil War destroys Israel destroys Judah

Ruth and Boaz builds the Temple

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CHRIST OUR KINSMAN REDEEMER

1. Christ is related by blood to the people of Israel and to us through baptism

John 1:14; Romans 1:3 Phil. 2:5-8

2. Christ was able to pay the price of redemption

1Cor. 6:20; 1Peter 1:18, 19

3. Christ was willing to redeem

Matt. 20:28; John 10:15-18Heb. 10:7; 1 John 3:16 Titus 2:14

He offered himself for us in order to ransom us from all our faults and to purify a people to be his very own and eager to do good (Titus 2:14). See CCC # 607-8; 802. www.AgapeBibleStudy.com

KINSMAN REDEEMER Old Testament Qualifications:

1. BLOOD RELATIONSHIP 2. ABILITY TO PAY 3. WILLINGNESS TO

REDEEM Leviticus 25: 25-26 Deuteronomy 25:5-6 www.AgapeBibleStudy.com