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PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 1
PAMOJA Cleantech AB | Villa Bellona | Universitetsvägen 8 | 106 91 Stockholm
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB
Mobil +49 (0)176 4597 3658
www.pamojacleantech.com
NSR AB 251 89 Helsingborg
Ludvig Landen
Date: 29.01.2018
Summary of Different Types of Pyrolysis Concepts
Pyrolysis is an ancient technology people have used already 10,000 years ago to produce tar. It is a
thermo-chemical process in which biomass or organic matter is treated in an environment with
elevated temperatures from 300 to 650°C with absence of oxygen.
Many process types have been developed throughout the history of this technology. It can mainly be
distinguished between allothermal process, in which heat is applied from outside the reactor, and
autothermal, in which heat is derived from the exothermal process of controlled combustion inside the
reactor.
Autothermal Pyrolysis
Charcoal for cooking or BBQ is generally produced with autothermal charcoal kilns and piles. It is a self-
sustaining process and simple to setup in large scale. The Imbert type reactor is the most common
principle, in which a controlled amount of oxygen is injected into the combustion zone of the reactor,
which enables a controlled combustion of the pyrolysis gases. The combustion provides energy for the
pyrolysis process to turn hydro-carbon molecules into pure carbon.
However the drawback of this process is that exhaust gases and pyrolysis gases are passing the
generated char (carbon) inside the reactor. Tarry gases are entrapped in the porous structure of the
charcoal. When quenched these tarry gases are condensed and bound in the charcoal. The result is
charcoal with high contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH=tar). PAHs are highly toxic
and carcinogenic and are absorbed by plants and animals. This charcoal can then only be used as a
fuel.
The temperature in an autothermal process is also not easy to control and it is therefore not a good
choice for production of high quality biochar, as the characteristics of biochar are influenced by the
process temperature.
Allothermal Pyrolysis
Modern type of pyrolysis with a focus on biochar production is mainly applying the allothermal
pyrolysis process, in which the reactor is enclosed from the ambient and heat is applied from outside.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 2
The pyrolysis gases containing the PAHs are drawn from the reactor without passing all the way
through the biochar produced. This way high quality biochar can be produced. The gases contain about
3 times the required energy for the endothermal process of pyrolysis. Thus, heat from the external
combustion of pyrolysis gases are commonly used to sustain the pyrolysis process.
The challenge in the allothermal process, however, is to scale up the system. Heat needs to pass
through the reactor wall into the biomass inside the reactor. The size of the pyrolysis system matters
in order to make it economically feasible to operate. If the reactor diameter is increased the volume of
the reactor grows by , whereas the surface of the reactor shell only grows by . Thus, the technical
principle needs to provide a solution at scale in which sufficient heat can be applied to the biomass so
that the pyrolysis process is stable. Most of the commonly known problems in pyrolysis are caused by
the technical miss-management of this dilemma.
Selection Process
In Circular Carbon we have started with screening ca. 300 manufacturers of pyrolysis systems (a
preselected list is attached as Appendix II) around the world. Two filters were applied to narrow the
list of suppliers down to a selected choice of suppliers of only hand full:
1. Scale of System(s): Possibility to turn 10,000 tons of biomass per annum into biochar with one
or several units
2. Reference of installed systems: The manufacturer would need to have a minimum of 5
references in the field of pyrolysis. We ignored manufacturers in pilot or demonstration stage.
Applying these two filters, we have identified manufacturers with four different technical principles.
Another one is listed, because it is another very promising principle:
Principle Manufacturers
1 Batch Kiln reactor Clean Fuels, Netherlands (site visit done)
2 Reactor with internal auger Pyreg, Germany (site visit done), new concept P500 requires talk
to new owner in Sweden
3 Rotary Kiln reactor Pyrocal CCT, Australia
4 Reactor with internally
heated spiral or auger
A - ETIA Biogreen, France (site visit done), Joule Effect
B - Noireco, Finland, Induction (further study required)
5 Moving Bed Reactor (EcoRemedy Inc., USA, not many references yet)
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 3
1. Batch Kiln Reactor - Clean Fuels (Netherlands)
System Parameters – Clean Fuels b.v.
Capacity
Biomass throughput 500 kg/h (wood, 35% MC)
Biochar output 200 kg/h (5% MC)/ 1,600 t/a (at 8,000 hrs)
Heat/ Pyrolysis gas 700 kW
Pyro-Oil 150 kW
Auxiliaries 10 kWel (estimate)
Size 500 m² roofed, height 7 m
Particle sizes required Logs, briquettes (maybe pellets or woodchips to be tested)
Nr. of references 10 to 100 systems
Indicative CAPEX 600,000.00 € (economies of scale due to modularity)
The batch kiln reactor has been proven in many installations around the world. We have done site
visits once to the Netherlands to look at the operational process and to discuss potential integration of
the system. The biomass inside the reactor kiln is heated with hot pyrolysis gas that is maintained at
400 to 700°C and fed directly into the kiln. The system is semi automated with two kilns. There is
always one kiln in operation to produce the required pyrolysis gas for the initial endothermal heating
phase of the newly loaded kiln. The kilns are loaded and off-loaded with an overhead crane. The
biochar is slowly cooled in the kiln before packaged.
Picture 1: Process flow of Cleanfuels Retort System
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 4
Picture 2: Direct contact with inert and cleaned hot pyrolysis gas enables an efficient and homogeneous heating process. The heat exchanger for heating pyrolysis gas allows accurate temperature settings. PAHs are condensed before the gas is
recycled.
Picture 3: Pictures show how simple pyrolysis can be. Brick walls are cheap and provide a high heating capacity so that the heating up of the new retort kiln happens quickly with radiation.
Mr. Simons, who is the founder of Cleanfuels, has installed several systems of an earlier version all
around the world mainly for BBQ charcoal production. The biomass in the earlier system has not been
heated in direct contact with the pyrolysis gases.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 5
The system from Mr. Siemons, however, has been copied by a company called Polytechnik GmbH from
Austria. The company has installed such a system in Uelitz, Schleswig-Holstein in Germany for the
company Green Carbon, which has successfully been operated since 2015. The system offers also the
best biochar quality on the market in Germany. This installation shows that the batch-concept works in
a commercial operation and can be scaled to a very attractive scale.
Picture 4: Process flow of the Polytechnik system.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 6
Picture 5: Older concept of Cleanfuels installed and operated in Uelitz in Schleswig-Holstein in Germany.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 7
Strengths Opportunities
High control of temperature Chipping process could be avoided can be fed with larger particles
Efficient heating process Additional drying process is not required
Low risk of PAH Charcoal can also be used for BBQ market without a need of further drying
Low energy requirements System is modular and can be scaled up any time with little adaptations
Simple and robust system, highly reliable
Lots of references with an older version
Weaknesses Threats
Long cooling periods of a few days large area required
Uneven heat distribution inside reactor, when smaller particles are fed Smaller particles, such as chips or pellets, need to be tested in system first
Full automation is not possible higher labour cost
Not a well organized company with only one key person (“one man show”)
Large roofed area required with overhead crane Bankability of company could be low
Pyro-oil could be an unloved by-product, however a pyro-oil burner is part of the concept
Source: https://app.box.com/s/2xjbdxl45gcszivr9mge1p2vzhn3rlum
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 8
2. Reactor with Internal Auger - PYREG GmbH (Germany)
System Parameters – PYREG P1.500
Capacity
Biomass throughput 560 kg/h (wood, 12% MC)
Biochar output 120 kg/h (0% MC) eq. 25% 900 t/a (at 7,500 hrs)
Heat/ Pyrolysis gas 900 kW
Pyro-Oil no
Auxiliaries Ca. 20 kWel Quenching water
Size P1.500 l:
12 x w:3 x h: 5.8 m Technical System:
l: 6 x w: 3 x h: 5.8 m
Particle sizes required Woodchips, pellets, husk, nut shells
Nr. of references 2 systems (ca. 30 of P500)
Indicative CAPEX 1,000,000.00 €
One of the most renowned manufacturers of pyrolysis systems is applying the internal auger screw
principle. The company PYREG is well financed by SKION, the investment company of Susanne Klatten
(owner of BMW). A new system has been developed with higher capacity as the earlier P500. The P500
is widely deployed in Germany and Europe (ca. 30 systems). The pyrolysis gas generated in the P500 is
combusted in a flox-burner, which caused problems.
The new system uses a biomass combustion chamber of Viessmann lined with fire bricks. This new
chamber can also be provided with an integrated heat recovery boiler (optional). The exhaust gas (ca.
1400° C) of the chamber is recirculated through the outer chamber of a double-walled reactor. In
order to allow sufficient heat to penetrate into the reactor the system is build with two reactors. The
exhaust gas is not in direct contact with the biochar/ biomass inside the reactor. A new gas filter has
been developed for the new system to allow cleaner combustion.
The system is pre-installed in a “plug-and-play” container, which reduces the complexity of installation
on site.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 9
Picture 6: The earlier P500 unit of PYREG with the flox burner in front and the black horizontal reactors in the middle.
Picture 7: New setup of the P1.500 system. The system is fully integrated in preinstalled containers and is delivered as a “plug-and-play” solution.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 10
Picture 8: Process flow of the earlier P500 system. The new system P1.500 further comprises a gas filtration system and a Viessman biomass combustion chamber.
The system can operate reliably when staff is well trained. Feedstock preparation is crucial for a
reliable performance.
The new system provides much better economics than the earlier P500, thus the P1.500 should be
reconsidered for the project.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 11
Strengths Opportunities
Many systems in operation not many teething problems expected
Another P1.500 is already installed in Sweden, which may be a benefit for service & maintenance
Compact and modular Additional systems can be added later
Plug-and-play eases installation, not many interfaces PAMOJA staff is well connected with PYREG operator companies and also gathered lots of experience with the operational problems, which can occur with a PYREG system.
Low energy requirements
High bankability
Lots of references with P500 version
Biochar quality accepted in the market
Fully automated and remote controlled
Weaknesses Threats
Local hotspots on the reactor wall can cause clinkers, especially when bark is part of the feedstock
Clinkers need to be cleaned from reactor wall to avoid reactor wall oxidization
Bark or leaves in the feedstock can cause clinkers in reactor
Moving parts (auger, bearings) in hot environment cause wear, tear and fatigue of steel
High service requirement to maintain performance cleaning reactor once a week can be required if feedstock is not accurately managed
No controlled temperature in the biomass inside the reactor design of biochar characteristics and
functionality difficult
Back-coupling effect when heat generation and pyrolysis process is closely linked higher moisture
content in the feedstock could lead to sudden drop of heat and gas quality, which can hardly be buffered by
the heat source
Biomass is not evenly cooling top and bottom of the reactor material stress
Accurate management of feedstock (moisture, particle size, fines, type) is important to allow high
quality production Pre-drying, sorting and sieving required
Relatively high CAPEX
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 12
1. Rotary kiln reactor – Pyrocal, Australia
The rotary kiln reactor type is one of the most promising. It solves the problems of the reactor with
internal auger. The rotary kiln is heated inside a combustion chamber and is rotated outside the
chamber. Thus, there are no moving parts inside a hot environment, but the biomass is moved with
the internal fins and gravity. It also provides a higher flexibility in terms of feedstock particle sizes. The
entire shell of the rotary kiln is used to induce heat into the biomass as it revolves. Gases can be
extracted at the reactor inlet. The system can be scaled easier and the concept is proven in many other
heat treatment applications.
We have investigated one manufacturer in greater detail with a visit to their company, Standard Bio, in
Norway. However, we are not further describing their system here, as a first pilot is still to be built.
Naturally, one can expect a longer period to fix all teething problems and to establish control software
for the operation. We are in close contact with the manufacturer to follow their development.
Another very promising company offering a rotary kiln system is Pyrocal (former Black is Green). The
company has started 2009 to develop an innovative, but simple concept of pyrolysis ovens. About 8
systems have been implemented commercially since 2014.
System Parameters – Pyrocal Dual CCT 18
Capacity
Biomass throughput 1.3 t/h (wood, ? MC)
Biochar output 25% on dry mass (wood)
Heat/ Pyrolysis gas 4330 kW
Pyro-Oil no
Auxiliaries 20 kWel (estimate) Quenching water 45 l Diesel for light-up
Size Rotary Drum Kiln:
40ft High Cube Container CCT, secondary pyrolysis:
20ft High Cube Container
Particle sizes required Woodchips, pellets, husk, nut shells
Nr. of references Ca. 8 systems of CCT system
Indicative CAPEX 1,800,000.00 €
The system concept is a combination of a horizontal rotary kiln for drying and for a first stage pyrolysis
(torrefaction) and a second unit with a vertical rotary disc kiln, which can be described as a pizza oven
with several rotary discs above eachother. Pyrocal calls it Multiple Hearth Gasifier.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 13
Picture 9: Demonstration unit installed at manufacturer site for premium BBQ briquettes production from nut shells.
Picture 10: Dual CCT 18; Installations can be customized to a great degree, but Pyrocal is also offering plug&play solutions ready installed in shipping containers.
The picture above shows the Dual CCT 18 a rotary drum drying and torrefying unit in a 40ft container
next to the 20ft container, which houses two CCT units for biochar production and combustion of
pyrolysis gases. The gases are directly combusted in the reactor and then passed through the multiple
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 14
hearth reactor (CCT).The exhaust gases further pass through the rotary drum unit and into the heat
recovery steam boiler.
Picture 11: This picture shows and example of the rotary drum unit and doesn’t represent the exact setup. The rotary drum dryer and torrefier is heated with exhaust gases from the CCT unit.
Picture 12: Torrefied biomass is loaded at top left and converted into biochar by passing over the multiple discs to the bottom. Ambient air is fed at each stage to combust the pyrolysis gases.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 15
Picture 13: Current project in installation. Pyrocal has reached a large scale installation level with this project.
Picture 14: New project site top view
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 16
Strengths Opportunities
Robust and reliable principle Most promising concept applied
First installation in Europe
Compact and modular Additional systems can be added later
Plug-and-play eases installation, not many interfaces Sales Representative for Europe
2-stage principle allows high control of biochar process and quality
Low energy requirements
High bankability
Wide variety of particle sizes can be used
No drying required
Fully automated and remote controlled
Low CAPEX (all in)
Weaknesses Threats
Biomass with low ash melting temperatures form clinkers in the CCT reactor
Time difference to Australia Difficult communication and service offers
Moving parts (auger, bearings) in hot environment in CCT cause wear, tear and fatigue of steel
Spare parts need to come from Australia; distance can be a challange
Fast-Pyrolysis in CCT allows less control of temperature in the biomass inside the reactor design of biochar characteristics and functionality
difficult
Exhaust gases in CCT reactor can potentially affect biochar quality
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 17
2. Reactor with internal spiral (France - Biogreen)
The concept of a reactor with an internally heated spiral or auger has been derived from roasting
processing, where the setup is state of the art.
System Parameters – BGR 750L8
Capacity
Biomass throughput 0,7 t/h (woodchips, <10% MC)
Biochar output 30% on dry mass (wood)
Heat/ Pyrolysis gas 1.200 kW
Pyro-Oil yes
Auxiliaries 450 kWel (estimate) Quenching water
Size Reactor:
40+ft High Cube Container Quenching, Oxidazation:
2x40ft High Cube Container Overall Footprint:
14.3 x 8.1 m
Particle sizes required Woodchips, pellets, husk, nut shells
Nr. of references Ca. 40 systems
Indicative CAPEX 1,300,000.00 €
ETIA or Biogreen has developed roasting systems for the food industry since 1983. The pyrolysis
system for biochar production is based on the same principle that has been applied for the
roasting process. An inner lying spiral is electrically heated using the joules effect.
Power is transformed to low voltage and sent through the spiral so the electric resistance of steel
is heating the spiral. A spiral is like an auger without the shaft. This makes the spiral very flexible
like a spring and it also avoids shear forces, which would increase fatigue in the material. The
heated spiral is in direct contact with the biomass and thus allows accurate adjustment of the
temperature, which is very important for the design of biochar functionalities.
The heat influx with the spiral is much higher than by using a heated reactor shell to supply heat to
the biomass. Furthermore, the reactor is insulated with firebricks and thus has a very high heat
storage capacity, which allows operations at more stable temperature conditions.
The pyrolysis process is disconnected from the heat generation. This makes the system very simple
and reliable.
The pyrolysis gas is fully used for other applications, such as steam generations.
The pyrolysis system of Biogreen has been installed in about 40 installations around the world.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 18
Biogreen is providing a guarantee of the performance of their system based on the results of a test
in their lab unit.
Picture 15: BGR600 x3 installed in Indonesia using tobacco residues as feedstock for biochar production. The system was installed in 2012 and represents the largest installation of Biogreen.
Picture 16: The pictures shows the heated spiral.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 19
Picture 17: The drawings above show the proposed installation for NSR. The containerized system requires only a roof cover for staff on site.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 20
Strengths Opportunities
Robust and reliable principle Unit could be integrated into a Virtual Power Plant as a deferrable load
Compact and modular Containerized system reduces the need for housing
Plug-and-play eases installation
High control of temperature and thus biochar quality
Fire brick insulation
High bankability
Fully automated and remote controlled
Heating disconnected from process
Guaranteed performance
Most references in the field
Weaknesses Threats
Drying of feedstock crucial Dependency on power price
High power demand Cost competitiveness of biochar reduced, when other systems are established, which can successfully make use of the heat from the biomass
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 21
Scoring
The scoring is performed by valuing certain criteria high, if it applies, or low, if it doesn’t apply. Certain
criteria have been used to evaluate the systems and suppliers. The evaluation and criteria is attached
to the appendix.
Picture 18: Example of the ranking figure.
In this evaluation the different criteria have not been weighted. However, as commercial pyrolysis
technology and biochar production is still in its infancy, the criteria shall be prioritized in the following
order:
1. “Reliability” – is the most important criteria for a sustainable and long lasting operation of the
system installed. Downtime due to failures of the system threatens the project the most and it
has the highest influence on the economics of the project.
2. “OPEX” – A safety net for the business is the BBQ charcoal market, which can always intake all
biochar produced. There are currently many actors on the market developing biochar
production projects, which could lead to a sudden price drop of biochar. Therfore, it is
important to have a cost effective production of biochar to allow sales into the BBQ charcoal
market and long lasting competitiveness.
3. “Product Quality” – The product quality is defined by the principle applied and the process
parameters of the operation. The system needs to allow accurate settings of these process
0
10
20
30
40
50 Reliability
CAPEX
OPEX Product Quality
Company
Solution Scoring Cleanfuels Pyreg Pyrocal Biogreen
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 22
parameters. The temperature, for instance, has a decisive influence on the characteristics of
the biochar. An effective biochar product requires consistent and defined biochar
characteristics.
4. “Company” – includes robustness of the company and number of references of the system
installed. It is an indicator about the success of the developed system.
5. “CAPEX” – The investment cost only have a limited influence on the economics of the project
and can therefore be seen as least important.
As it can be expect that biochar products and applications become more advanced over the next years,
we believe that the product quality is more important than product cost over the long run. It will be
absolutely critical to be able to adjust the characteristics of the biochar.
Nevertheless, the biochar produced needs to be competitive in price first of all. Especially in the first
years of operation the biochar product is mainly sold as a raw product without further refining steps.
The major challenge in this project is that heat generated has not a real economic value. Thus, the
revenue of the project builds almost fully on the sales of biochar. Furthermore, the feedstock used for
the project, even though it is freely available, has a market value of 40€/t dry.
Therefore, production cost or product prices are even more sensitive than the ability to produce a very
high quality of biochar.
Recommendations BIOGREEN:
Biogreen offers the most reliable and trust worthy operations with lots of references and experience.
The process enables a production of a high quality product. The big downside is the need for power as
a heating source, which adds a high cost of about 200 to 300 €/t on the end product. The risk of
increasing power cost, however, could be mitigated with integrated power generation by using the
syngas as a source for power generation in a steam turbine or an ORC system. The waste heat from the
power generation can still be used for drying and for heating the water pond.
Thus, our recommendation is to see Biogreen as a backstop option that promises high reliability and
scalebility.
Next steps for the concept development should be:
1. Improving Business Case to real conditions
2. Detailed Q&A, to have sufficient information about the system
3. Design concept with dryer, heat exchanger, (power generation,) packaging of biochar
4. Lab test to get the energy balance and performance of proposed operations
CLEANFUELS:
Our recommendation is to focus on the Cleanfuels system, which could be the most suitable system
for this project. It offers a very simple and robust concept combined with operational advantages, as it
does not require the operation of a dryer or the use of power for heating.
The following next steps are required to further judge this solution:
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 23
1. Business Case Calculations
2. Q&A
3. A test with wood chips on site in the Netherlands
4. A site visit in Uelitz, Germany to understand potential challenges with such an operation
5. A site visit in South Africa at the new installed systems. As PAMOJA is operating in
Mozambique, such a visit could be done with little extra cost.
6. A credit check on the company to better understand solidity and operations
PYREG:
Pyreg’s new system should further be studied and the commissioning of the system in Skane should be
followed. The new system has an appropriate size for commercial production of biochar. We would
recommend interviewing an engineer from Pyreg with a prepared Q&A sheet to understand how
problems with the P500 have been solved in the new system.
There are a number of interesting companies coming up, which have interesting concepts, such as
Pyrocal, Standard Bio and Noireco. We will further follow the development of these companies.
All these tasks can be done until April this year.
PAMOJA CLEANTECH AB | [email protected] Page 24
APPENDIX I – Scoring Table comparing the different systems
The scoring is a qualitative study of the different criteria. Thus, it is a subjective opinion based on the
understanding of the technology/ criteria and interviews held with the suppliers.
22.01.2019 Felix Ertl [email protected]
Company Country Website Sold Systems
Worth
to study
more in
depth Comment
3R Environmental
Technology Group Sweden http://www.3ragrocarbon.com yes
unfortunately not much info, but worth to visit
some reference installations
Abri-Tech Inc. Canada http://www.advbiorefineryinc.ca/ no early stage
adam + partner Ethiopia www.biocoal.org no brick made assembly, famous retort
Adsorb Technologies South Africa www.adsorb.co.za no use batch type from Simons
Advanced Renewable
Technology International
Inc. United States www.artichar.com yes
produce own small scale system, no info on
website, selling biochar for 500USD/m³
Advanced Resilient
Technology Limited United Kingdom www.art.co.im no no info on website
Aemerge United States http://aemerge.com/ no heavy…
AgFuel Energy Systems
LLC United States www.agfuel.com no down
Agri-Tech Producers LLC
(ATP) United States
http://www.agritechproducers.com/defa
ult.html no no system
Agri-Therm Canada http://agri-therm.com/ no down
Airex Energy Canada http://www.airex-energy.com/en/ <5 yes Looks very interesting. Definitely some USPs
ALL Power Labs United States
http://www.allpowerlabs.com/products/
product-overview no stupid
Amaron Energy United States
http://www.amaronenergy.com/Amaron
_Energy/Amaron_Energy.html no no info on website
Technical Market Assessment of Pyrolysis Systems
American Combustion
Technologies United States www.american-combustion.com no down
Aparem Bioenergia Brazil http://aperambioenergia.com.br/en/ no
use own technology to produce huge amounts of
biochar from eucalypthus trees
Applied Gaia United States www.appliedgaia.com yes
developing own system in Australia with Stephen
Joseph
ArcelorMittal Bioflorestas Brazil http://bioflorestas.arcelormittal.com/ no
Areva/Thermya France http://www.areva.com/ yes nothing found yet
AVA-CO2 Switzerland
http://www.avaco2.com/web/pages/en/
home.php Thomas Klausli no down
Avello Bioenergy United States http://www.avellobioenergy.com/ no operate own system
Bambusa Global Ventures Cambodia http://www.bambusaglobal.com/ no produce bamboo products and bamboo biochar
Bazman Rumbler Australia
http://www.biochar.net/bazmanrumbler/ no Kontiki type biochar kiln
Biochar Industries Australia http://biocharindustries.com no brick made systems
Biochar Works United States http://www.biocharworks.com/ no no own system
BioForceTech United States www.bioforcetech.com no uses Pyreg System
BIOMACON GmbH Germany www.BIOMACON.com >10<100 no too small, farm level
Biomass Controls, LLC United States www.biomasscontrols.com no small scale operation
BIOUHEL.CZ s.r.o. Czech RepubliC http://www.biouhel.cz no no system
Bioware Brazil http://www.bioware.com.br/ >10<100 no
Blue Sky Biochar United States www.blueskybiochar.com no no system available
Border Partners United States www.borderpartners.org no village programs
Carbon Compost
Company United Kingdom www.carboncompost.co.uk no Exeter pyrolysis
Carbon Cultures United States
https://www.facebook.com/CarbonCultur
es/ no
Carbon Gold United Kingdom www.carbongold.com no no own products
Carbon Queen Switzerland http://www.carbonqueen.ch no grill for making biochar
Carbon Terra GmbH Germany http://www.carbon-terra.eu/en/ no no ready product yet
CarbonZero Switzerland http://biochar.info no no ready product yet
Carolina Clean Energy LLC United States http://carolinacleanenergyllc.com no offline
Chaotech Pty Ltd Australia www.chaotech.com.au no research and development stage
Charman Australia www.charman.com.au no no info on pyrolysis unit
Chip Energy Inc. United States www.chipenergy.com no no reference no product on website
Clean Fuels b.v. Netherlands http://www.cleanfuels.nl/index.htm <10 yes Site visit done. Systems sold to South Africa
CoalTec Energy USA United States www.coaltecenergy.com no
Community Power
Corporation United States www.gocpc.com no Pamoja was in touch already
Cummins Cogeneration
Kenya Limited (CCKL) Kenya www.cummins-power-kenya.com no no longer online
Dehong CHON Pyrolysate
INC China
http://www.pyrolysate.com/about/?113.
html no no longer online
Diacarbon Energy Inc. Canada www.diacarbon.com no no longer online
Earth Systems Australia www.earthsystems.com.au no
Ecoremedy Energy
Technologies, Inc. United States www.ecoremedyenergy.com >5<20 yes
Bed concept, interesting references installed,
request more details!
Ecoreps Australia www.ecoreps.com.au no
EcoZoom United States http://ecozoomstove.com/index.php no Cooking Stove
Energy Farmers Australia Australia www.energyfarmers.com.au no
Environmental Power
International United Kingdom http://www.epienergy.com/ no
Environmental Value
Solutions United Kingdom
https://plus.google.com/1005598300087
61732752/about no
Eprida United States
http://www.eprida.com/invest/index.php
4 no
EPWT VietNam http://www.esrla.com/ no cooking stove producing biochar
ETIA France www.biogreen-energy.com >10<100 yes choice for HH
Exeterra, LLC United States www.exeterrallc.com >10<100 no funny guys
FLUID Company Ltd Poland http://fluid.pl/en/ <5 yes
started in 2011 with first commercial unit in
Poland. Focus on BBQ charcoal. Torrefication
rather than pyrolysis
Four Seasons Fuel LTD United Kingdom www.fourseasonsfuel.com no selling charcoal
Frontline Bioenergy LLC United States http://www.frontlinebioenergy.com no
G2E, S.A.P.I. de C.V. Mexico www.g2e.mx no concept stage
GAMATEC SA Switzerland www.gamatec.ch
Startup working together with the city of
Amsterdam
Global Gateways Luxembourg http://www.globalgateways.eu/ no
Green Charcoal
International (GCI) France http://www.green-charcoal.net/ <10 yes Early stage development, but interesting concept
Heat Systems Australia http://heatsystems.com.au/ >5<20 yes
Could adopt a plant needed for the application,
need to get in touch
ICM, Inc United States www.icminc.com <10 yes
Interra Energy, Inc. United States www.interraenergy.us yes First pilot installed, Recomended by Adam O Tole
Ithaka Institute Switzerland http://www.ithaka-institut.org/de
Iwamoto Inc. Japan http://superstoneclean.com/
Juntos Energy
Corporation United States www.woodgas.com
KANSAI corporaton Japan
http://www.kansai-
sangyo.co.jp/eindex.html
Automated Rice Husk Carbonizer (ARHC) hsa
good references
Karr Group of Companies United States www.karrgroupco.com
Kaskad-E GmbH Switzerland www.kaskad-e.ch
Klean Industries Canada
http://www.kleanindustries.com/s/Home
.asp Jesse Klinkhamer
Lambiotte & Cie, S.A. Belgium
http://www.lambiotte.com/Solvent_from
_carbonization_our_acetals_-
page.htm?use=62
LEI Products United States www.leiprod.com
Mississippi Water
International (China) Co. China http://www.mississippiwater.com.cn
Moki Manufacturing Japan http://moki-ss.co.jp/
Nanjing Qinfeng Straw
Technology Co. Ltd China http://njqfjg.com
Nettenergy BV Netherlands www.nettenergy.com
Nextchar LLC United States
https://www.linkedin.com/pub/steveroge
rs/A/740/277 Hugh McLaughlin no early stage kiln developer
Night Bright Engineering
Ltd New Zealand http://www.nightbright.co.nz no manufacturer for any kind of steel products
Norris Thermal
Technologies Inc. United States www.norristhermal.com yes investor of Biogreen and other heating systems
Novotera Canada www.planetstove.com no
Organic Power Solutions United States
http://www.organicpowersolutions.com/
technology.html no
Pacific Pyrolysis Australia http://pacificpyrolysis.com/agrichar.html <10 no
Pakistan Biochar Initiative Pakistan www.pakistanbiochar.com no
Peako Biomass Energy Hong Kong http://www.peako.net/index.php no too big gasifiers
Phoenix Energy United States http://www.phoenixenergy.net/ no wrong promises
Piroeco Bioenergy S.L. Spain http://www.piroeco.com/index.html yes very big producer of biochar
Pressvess United Kingdom http://www.pressvess.co.uk no
PRM Energy Systems, Inc. United States http://www.prmenergy.com >10<100 no focus on large stationary gasifiers
Profikomp Environmental
Technology Plc. Hungary http://www.profikomp.hu/index.php no
providing composting cover and monitoring
system
Proton Power United States www.protonpower.com <5 yes
seems to be dead. No current news. Focus on
syngas
PYREG GmbH Germany http://www.pyreg.de/ >20 yes
new larger unit P1.500 available, ask for quote
and spec sheet, site visit in Sweden
Pyrocal (formerly Black is
Green) Australia www.pyrocal.com.au >5<20 yes
see Big Char CCT, should get in touch to get a
quote and spec sheet with details
Pyrolyzer, LLC United States http://www.pyrolyzer.net/Default.aspx yes not much info on website about technology
Pyrovac Inc. Canada none no
RA Biochar Thailand http://www.rabiochar.com/home.html no
rainbow bee eater Australia http://rainbowbeeeater.com.au yes very early stage, no system seen
Revatec Germany http://www.revatec.de/terracoal.htm no HTC
SERVALS India www.servals.in no
Shangqiu Haiqi Machinery
Equipment Co., Ltd. China http://haiqimachine.en.alibaba.com/ yes
to be followed in future, especially with a sight on
the Chinese market
Shanxi Supply and
Marketing Cooperative China www.sxsmcoop.com no
Showa Kikaki Co.,Ltd. Japan
http://www.showakikaku.co.jp/esumi10ji
.html no
Solworth Thailand none no
Stardust Earth New Zealand none no
sunwest bioenergy United States http://sunwestbioenergy no
Susteen Technologies
GmbH Germany www.susteen-tech.com <5 yes Fraunhofer Umsicht part of development
Terra Humana Ltd. Hungary http://www.3Ragrocarbon.com
Terralogix Group LLC United States http://www.terralogix.net/biochar no
Terra-Preta
Developments Australia http://frankstrie.blogspot.com/ no
Thermal Company
Limited Japan
http://www.ethermal.co.jp/English/Hom
ePage/1aCspec.htm no
TONGLI Machinery China
http://www.cncharcoalmachine.com/Pro
duct/#.VIe0QskhOQctonglimachine5@cnc
harcoalmachine.com no
V-Grid Energy Systems United States http://vgridenergy.com/ no
VUTHISA South Africa http://www.vuthisa.com no
Western Renewable
Technologies United States http://www.wrtpyrolysis.com/index.html no
Woodstock Sustainable
Farms United States
http://www.wssfarms.com/products/mir
acle-biochar-fertilizer/ no
WorldStove Italy www.worldstove.com no
ZeroPoint Clean Tech United States
http://www.zeropointcleantech.com/bioc
har no
Zhengzhou Kehua
Industrial Equipment Co.,
Ltd. China http://zzkhdq.en.alibaba.com/ no
Zhengzhou Shuliy
Machinery Co., Ltd. China http://www.shuliy.cn/ no
Choren Industrietechnik
GmbH Germany http://www.choren.com Can be adopted to Biochar and Heat generation
Ensyn Technologies Inc. Canada www.ensyn.com
Refgas Ltd United Kingdom https://www.refgas-uk.com/contact/ no
CharGrow LLC United States http://www.carbonchar.com no
Advanced in marketing biochar, currently
developing a pyrolysis unit
Noireco Finland https://noireco.fi/en <5 yes customer SSAB and StoraEnso
CarbonZero Switzerland
Standard Bio Norway www.standard.bio no about to install first pilot unit
PolyTechnik Austria https://biomass.polytechnik.com/ <5 no
Largest installation of biochar production in
Germany: GreenCarbon
22.01.2019 Felix Ertl [email protected]
Company Country Website Sold Systems
Worth
to study
more in
depth Comment
3R Environmental
Technology Group Sweden http://www.3ragrocarbon.com yes
unfortunately not much info, but worth to visit
some reference installations
Abri-Tech Inc. Canada http://www.advbiorefineryinc.ca/ no early stage
adam + partner Ethiopia www.biocoal.org no brick made assembly, famous retort
Adsorb Technologies South Africa www.adsorb.co.za no use batch type from Simons
Advanced Renewable
Technology International
Inc. United States www.artichar.com yes
produce own small scale system, no info on
website, selling biochar for 500USD/m³
Advanced Resilient
Technology Limited United Kingdom www.art.co.im no no info on website
Aemerge United States http://aemerge.com/ no heavy…
AgFuel Energy Systems
LLC United States www.agfuel.com no down
Agri-Tech Producers LLC
(ATP) United States
http://www.agritechproducers.com/defa
ult.html no no system
Agri-Therm Canada http://agri-therm.com/ no down
Airex Energy Canada http://www.airex-energy.com/en/ <5 yes Looks very interesting. Definitely some USPs
ALL Power Labs United States
http://www.allpowerlabs.com/products/
product-overview no stupid
Amaron Energy United States
http://www.amaronenergy.com/Amaron
_Energy/Amaron_Energy.html no no info on website
Technical Market Assessment of Pyrolysis Systems
American Combustion
Technologies United States www.american-combustion.com no down
Aparem Bioenergia Brazil http://aperambioenergia.com.br/en/ no
use own technology to produce huge amounts of
biochar from eucalypthus trees
Applied Gaia United States www.appliedgaia.com yes
developing own system in Australia with Stephen
Joseph
ArcelorMittal Bioflorestas Brazil http://bioflorestas.arcelormittal.com/ no
Areva/Thermya France http://www.areva.com/ yes nothing found yet
AVA-CO2 Switzerland
http://www.avaco2.com/web/pages/en/
home.php Thomas Klausli no down
Avello Bioenergy United States http://www.avellobioenergy.com/ no operate own system
Bambusa Global Ventures Cambodia http://www.bambusaglobal.com/ no produce bamboo products and bamboo biochar
Bazman Rumbler Australia
http://www.biochar.net/bazmanrumbler/ no Kontiki type biochar kiln
Biochar Industries Australia http://biocharindustries.com no brick made systems
Biochar Works United States http://www.biocharworks.com/ no no own system
BioForceTech United States www.bioforcetech.com no uses Pyreg System
BIOMACON GmbH Germany www.BIOMACON.com >10<100 no too small, farm level
Biomass Controls, LLC United States www.biomasscontrols.com no small scale operation
BIOUHEL.CZ s.r.o. Czech RepubliC http://www.biouhel.cz no no system
Bioware Brazil http://www.bioware.com.br/ >10<100 no
Blue Sky Biochar United States www.blueskybiochar.com no no system available
Border Partners United States www.borderpartners.org no village programs
Carbon Compost
Company United Kingdom www.carboncompost.co.uk no Exeter pyrolysis
Carbon Cultures United States
https://www.facebook.com/CarbonCultur
es/ no
Carbon Gold United Kingdom www.carbongold.com no no own products
Carbon Queen Switzerland http://www.carbonqueen.ch no grill for making biochar
Carbon Terra GmbH Germany http://www.carbon-terra.eu/en/ no no ready product yet
CarbonZero Switzerland http://biochar.info no no ready product yet
Carolina Clean Energy LLC United States http://carolinacleanenergyllc.com no offline
Chaotech Pty Ltd Australia www.chaotech.com.au no research and development stage
Charman Australia www.charman.com.au no no info on pyrolysis unit
Chip Energy Inc. United States www.chipenergy.com no no reference no product on website
Clean Fuels b.v. Netherlands http://www.cleanfuels.nl/index.htm <10 yes Site visit done. Systems sold to South Africa
CoalTec Energy USA United States www.coaltecenergy.com no
Community Power
Corporation United States www.gocpc.com no Pamoja was in touch already
Cummins Cogeneration
Kenya Limited (CCKL) Kenya www.cummins-power-kenya.com no no longer online
Dehong CHON Pyrolysate
INC China
http://www.pyrolysate.com/about/?113.
html no no longer online
Diacarbon Energy Inc. Canada www.diacarbon.com no no longer online
Earth Systems Australia www.earthsystems.com.au no
Ecoremedy Energy
Technologies, Inc. United States www.ecoremedyenergy.com >5<20 yes
Bed concept, interesting references installed,
request more details!
Ecoreps Australia www.ecoreps.com.au no
EcoZoom United States http://ecozoomstove.com/index.php no Cooking Stove
Energy Farmers Australia Australia www.energyfarmers.com.au no
Environmental Power
International United Kingdom http://www.epienergy.com/ no
Environmental Value
Solutions United Kingdom
https://plus.google.com/1005598300087
61732752/about no
Eprida United States
http://www.eprida.com/invest/index.php
4 no
EPWT VietNam http://www.esrla.com/ no cooking stove producing biochar
ETIA France www.biogreen-energy.com >10<100 yes choice for HH
Exeterra, LLC United States www.exeterrallc.com >10<100 no funny guys
FLUID Company Ltd Poland http://fluid.pl/en/ <5 yes
started in 2011 with first commercial unit in
Poland. Focus on BBQ charcoal. Torrefication
rather than pyrolysis
Four Seasons Fuel LTD United Kingdom www.fourseasonsfuel.com no selling charcoal
Frontline Bioenergy LLC United States http://www.frontlinebioenergy.com no
G2E, S.A.P.I. de C.V. Mexico www.g2e.mx no concept stage
GAMATEC SA Switzerland www.gamatec.ch
Startup working together with the city of
Amsterdam
Global Gateways Luxembourg http://www.globalgateways.eu/ no
Green Charcoal
International (GCI) France http://www.green-charcoal.net/ <10 yes Early stage development, but interesting concept
Heat Systems Australia http://heatsystems.com.au/ >5<20 yes
Could adopt a plant needed for the application,
need to get in touch
ICM, Inc United States www.icminc.com <10 yes
Interra Energy, Inc. United States www.interraenergy.us yes First pilot installed, Recomended by Adam O Tole
Ithaka Institute Switzerland http://www.ithaka-institut.org/de
Iwamoto Inc. Japan http://superstoneclean.com/
Juntos Energy
Corporation United States www.woodgas.com
KANSAI corporaton Japan
http://www.kansai-
sangyo.co.jp/eindex.html
Automated Rice Husk Carbonizer (ARHC) hsa
good references
Karr Group of Companies United States www.karrgroupco.com
Kaskad-E GmbH Switzerland www.kaskad-e.ch
Klean Industries Canada
http://www.kleanindustries.com/s/Home
.asp Jesse Klinkhamer
Lambiotte & Cie, S.A. Belgium
http://www.lambiotte.com/Solvent_from
_carbonization_our_acetals_-
page.htm?use=62
LEI Products United States www.leiprod.com
Mississippi Water
International (China) Co. China http://www.mississippiwater.com.cn
Moki Manufacturing Japan http://moki-ss.co.jp/
Nanjing Qinfeng Straw
Technology Co. Ltd China http://njqfjg.com
Nettenergy BV Netherlands www.nettenergy.com
Nextchar LLC United States
https://www.linkedin.com/pub/steveroge
rs/A/740/277 Hugh McLaughlin no early stage kiln developer
Night Bright Engineering
Ltd New Zealand http://www.nightbright.co.nz no manufacturer for any kind of steel products
Norris Thermal
Technologies Inc. United States www.norristhermal.com yes investor of Biogreen and other heating systems
Novotera Canada www.planetstove.com no
Organic Power Solutions United States
http://www.organicpowersolutions.com/
technology.html no
Pacific Pyrolysis Australia http://pacificpyrolysis.com/agrichar.html <10 no
Pakistan Biochar Initiative Pakistan www.pakistanbiochar.com no
Peako Biomass Energy Hong Kong http://www.peako.net/index.php no too big gasifiers
Phoenix Energy United States http://www.phoenixenergy.net/ no wrong promises
Piroeco Bioenergy S.L. Spain http://www.piroeco.com/index.html yes very big producer of biochar
Pressvess United Kingdom http://www.pressvess.co.uk no
PRM Energy Systems, Inc. United States http://www.prmenergy.com >10<100 no focus on large stationary gasifiers
Profikomp Environmental
Technology Plc. Hungary http://www.profikomp.hu/index.php no
providing composting cover and monitoring
system
Proton Power United States www.protonpower.com <5 yes
seems to be dead. No current news. Focus on
syngas
PYREG GmbH Germany http://www.pyreg.de/ >20 yes
new larger unit P1.500 available, ask for quote
and spec sheet, site visit in Sweden
Pyrocal (formerly Black is
Green) Australia www.pyrocal.com.au >5<20 yes
see Big Char CCT, should get in touch to get a
quote and spec sheet with details
Pyrolyzer, LLC United States http://www.pyrolyzer.net/Default.aspx yes not much info on website about technology
Pyrovac Inc. Canada none no
RA Biochar Thailand http://www.rabiochar.com/home.html no
rainbow bee eater Australia http://rainbowbeeeater.com.au yes very early stage, no system seen
Revatec Germany http://www.revatec.de/terracoal.htm no HTC
SERVALS India www.servals.in no
Shangqiu Haiqi Machinery
Equipment Co., Ltd. China http://haiqimachine.en.alibaba.com/ yes
to be followed in future, especially with a sight on
the Chinese market
Shanxi Supply and
Marketing Cooperative China www.sxsmcoop.com no
Showa Kikaki Co.,Ltd. Japan
http://www.showakikaku.co.jp/esumi10ji
.html no
Solworth Thailand none no
Stardust Earth New Zealand none no
sunwest bioenergy United States http://sunwestbioenergy no
Susteen Technologies
GmbH Germany www.susteen-tech.com <5 yes Fraunhofer Umsicht part of development
Terra Humana Ltd. Hungary http://www.3Ragrocarbon.com
Terralogix Group LLC United States http://www.terralogix.net/biochar no
Terra-Preta
Developments Australia http://frankstrie.blogspot.com/ no
Thermal Company
Limited Japan
http://www.ethermal.co.jp/English/Hom
ePage/1aCspec.htm no
TONGLI Machinery China
http://www.cncharcoalmachine.com/Pro
duct/#.VIe0QskhOQctonglimachine5@cnc
harcoalmachine.com no
V-Grid Energy Systems United States http://vgridenergy.com/ no
VUTHISA South Africa http://www.vuthisa.com no
Western Renewable
Technologies United States http://www.wrtpyrolysis.com/index.html no
Woodstock Sustainable
Farms United States
http://www.wssfarms.com/products/mir
acle-biochar-fertilizer/ no
WorldStove Italy www.worldstove.com no
ZeroPoint Clean Tech United States
http://www.zeropointcleantech.com/bioc
har no
Zhengzhou Kehua
Industrial Equipment Co.,
Ltd. China http://zzkhdq.en.alibaba.com/ no
Zhengzhou Shuliy
Machinery Co., Ltd. China http://www.shuliy.cn/ no
Choren Industrietechnik
GmbH Germany http://www.choren.com Can be adopted to Biochar and Heat generation
Ensyn Technologies Inc. Canada www.ensyn.com
Refgas Ltd United Kingdom https://www.refgas-uk.com/contact/ no
CharGrow LLC United States http://www.carbonchar.com no
Advanced in marketing biochar, currently
developing a pyrolysis unit
Noireco Finland https://noireco.fi/en <5 yes customer SSAB and StoraEnso
CarbonZero Switzerland
Standard Bio Norway www.standard.bio no about to install first pilot unit
PolyTechnik Austria https://biomass.polytechnik.com/ <5 no
Largest installation of biochar production in
Germany: GreenCarbon