8

SUMMARY OF CHAPTERS.

CHAPTER I., LIFE AND ASPECTS AT ANCIENT CAWOOD ... 25

Importance of Cawood—Where Wharfe joins Ouse—Aspects of the town—Thenew bridge—Character of surrounding country—Local geology—Carrs andmarshes—Name of Cawood—Ancient woodlands—The manor at the Con-quest—Tenure in bondage, some of its effects—Local customs—Manor-houseof the Archbishops of York—Royal visitors at Cawood—Ancient inns-- Hostilers " of the 14th century—Great banquets at the Castle—Life at

Cawood past and present.

CHAPTER II., CAWOOD AND WOLSEY

Wolsey appointed to the See of York—His arrival at Cawood—Repair of thecastle—High state life at the castle—The coming crisis—The Cardinal'sarrest at Cawood—His farewell and grief at his departure—Great concourseof spectators—The journey to Pontefract and Leicester—The Cardinal'sdeath—Decline of Cawood—The castle after the Reformation—Local feeling—Arrival of Archbishop Grindal—Visit of Queen Elizabeth to Cawood—The Civil War—Cawood Castle dismantled, and its old glory departed.

CHAPTER III., CAWOOD CASTLE, CHURCH, AND TOWN ... 41

Description of the Castle—Cawood Park—Site of church liable to inundations—Early history—Description of the church—Local families—Ancient marketsand river-traffic—Old custom—Old system of rating—Keesberry Hall—Firstmention of Cawood— Present aspects of the town—The new light-railway-Former importance and population of Wistow—Its ancient church.

CHAPTER IV., SOME CAWOOD CHARITIES ... 58

Hitherto unpublished records—Bequests of Archbishops Mountaigne and Harsnett—Inquisitions at Cawood in 1648—References to old field-names, pinfold,stocks, rood-stile, &c —Abuse of the trusts—Enquiry at York Castle—Pastand present value of the charities—School endowments, &c.

CHAPTER V., ABOUT RYTHER

Effluence of the Wharfe—Wild flowers—Situation of Ryther—An ancient settle-ment—Meaning of Ryther—Early history—Large extent of woodland—Localpossessions of the canons of Bolton—Ancient knight-service—The family ofRyther—Its great military distinction—Free-warren at Ryther—The reversesat Bannockburn—Compulsory knighthood—John de Ryther, " hero of ahundred fights "—Ryther nuns—Later history and pedigree of Ryther—TheEarls of Harrowby—The castle—Aspects of Ryther—Local charities—The

Wesleyans—The township of Lead.

9

CHAPTER VI., RYTHER CHURCH ... • • • 77

Unique collection of stone altars—Preservation of relics—Popularity of St.William, Archbishop of York—His portrait in the church—Architecturaldescription of the fabric—The ancient monuments—The Robinson brasses—Restorations of the church—Grant to Appleton Nunnery—Taxation of theliving—The registers—List of rectors.

CHAPTER VII., CHURCH FENTON : ITS ASPECTS AND

HISTORICAL RECORDS

8o

Landscape effects—Wild flowers—Apple-land—The autumn-crocus—Name ofFenton—History of the manor—Ancient landowners—Old

field-names-Wapentake courts—Ancient charters—Population in 1378—An unpublishedinquisition—The Civil War—The Jacobite rebellion—A diabolical murder

CHAPTER VIII., THE CHURCH, VILLAGE, AND OLD

FAMILIES OF CHURCH FENTON ... 97

Antiquity of the church—Its dedication—Description of the church, and archi-tectural details—Singular position of holy-water stoup—Prebendary ofFenton—The vicars—Old families—Old houses—Remains of ancient cross.

CHAPTER IX., BOLTON PERCY : ITS HISTORY AND OLD

FAMILIES ... ... 105

Picturesque aspects—The vine and rosemary—Old houses—Evidences of the IceAge—Many Boltons in Yorkshire and consequent confusion—The manor ofBolton Percy—Methods of land cultivation at the Conquest—The soke ofHealaugh an important heritage—The pre-Conquest church—The Perciesand their Yorkshire castles—Successive owners of Bolton Percy—Peculiaranomaly in the ownership of the church and manor—Grant of

free-warren-Plague and murrain—Effects at Bolton Percy—Population in 1378—The LordsBeaumont—Sale of the manor to the Fairfaxes—The Duke of Buckinghamand Mary Fairfax married at Bolton Percy—Sale of the manor to the Milners—Old families—The Wickhams—Some notable connections with BoltonPercy—Manor of Hornington—The Kendalls

CHAPTER X. BOLTON PERCY : OLD CUSTOMS AND

EVENTS ... 116

Village life in the olden times—The parish accounts—Lord Fairfax and KingJames IL—Perambulation of boundaries—Wandering beggars—A womanof Bolton Percy publicly whipped—Local wild

animals—Sparrow-shooting -A remarkably late occurrence of the beaver at Bolton Percy—Suitablehabitats of the beaver—A Book of Briefs—Some old church restorations—The church of St Olave's, York—The Ripponden flood—Horse-races atBolton Percy—Carriage of letters—Bequests to the poor—Brockett Hall andthe Brocketts—Bolton Lodge and its tenants—Old inn

10

CHAPTER XI., THE CASTLE, CHURCH, AND RECTORS OFBOLTON PERCY ... 121

License to erect a castle at Bolton Percy—Was the castle ever built ?—The castleat Spofforth—The 15th century manor-house at Bolton Percy—Its site andaspects—Traditions of Robin Hood—Historical records of the church—Description of the church—Pagan and Christian ritual—Burial of Ferdinando,Lord Fairfax—Chantry in the church—Barker family—Local customs—Acurious dispute about the Hall pew—Local recusancy—The old church bells—Burials in woollen—Old tithe-barn—The rectory—The old rectors—Torre'somissions—Recent rectors

CHAPTER XII., APPLETON ROEBUCK AND NUN APPLETON 139Importance of Appleton in Saxon times—Relics of pre-historic occupation—

Early history—The foundation of Appleton Nunnery—The monastic fish-pond—The Cistercian system—The origin of first-fruits—Rushes and rush-lights—The Fauconberg family—The right to dower—Civilization in the15th century—General demoralization—Monastic relaxation—Charges againstthe Nuns of Appleton—Stringent regulations—The story of the wooing ofIsabel Thwaites by William Fairfax—An unfounded romance —Their marriageat Bolton Percy—A notable alliance—Suppression of the Nunnery—Fairfaxesopposed to the Dissolution—Public unrest and tyranny of the " reformers "—Execution of the aged Countess of Salisbury—Grant of site, &c., of NunAppleton—Erection of the Hall, the home of the great Lord Fairfax—Saleof the estate to the Milners—Purchase by Mr (now Sir) Angus Holden—Pedigree of Holden—The Markham Family—Description of the mansion—An attractive neighbourhood—Local natural history—The village of Appleton

CHAPTER XIII., COLTON, STEETON, AND THE FAIRFAXES 155Prehistoric evidences at Woolas—Name of Colton—Manorial history and some

results of subinfeudation—The creation of new manors—The old Hall atColton—Local aspects—The new church—Old beliefs and customs—Incenseand flowers—History of Steeton—Local landowners—Accession of theFairfaxes to Steeton—Sir Guy Fairfax built Steeton Hall—Antiquity of chapel—A confusion of Steetons—Alliance of Fairfax with Coates' family of Craven—Steeton Hall made a farm-house—Description of the Hall—Interestinginventory of effects at the Hall in 1558—Chimneys a novelty—The chapel,its ancient arms, and Fairfax associations—The chapel removed

CHAPTER XIV., BILBROUGH... ... 165

Situation of Bilbrough—A supposed Roman look-out post—Prehistoric tumuli--Recent excavations at Bilbrough Hill--A large tumulus—Antiquity of thechurch, and its position near the Roman camp—History of the manor—Localfamilies—Purchase of the manor by the Fairfaxes—Its subsequent sale andpurchase by Admiral Fairfax in 1716—The old manor-house—The Fairfaxesresident in the neighbourhood over seven centuries—Pedigree of the Fairfaxes—The York and Ainsty Hunt—The American Fairfaxes —Their old home inVirginia—The late Lord Fairfax—Old family portraits at Bilbrough—Thechurch and its re-erection in 1844—The Nortons—The great Lord Fairfaxburied in the Norton Chapel—Local memorials—The churchyard—Dedica-tion of the church—Its endowments and the Parliamentary report—Thevillage of Bilbrough, and surrounding scenery.

II

CHAPTER XV., KIRKBY WHARFE ... 177

Geological aspects—Curious phenomena—Architectural qualities of the MagnesianLimestone—Ancient settlements—Flint relics found at Kirkby Wharfe—Discovery of a Roman inscribed tablet—Local sculptured crosses in thechurch —Kirkby Wharfe a Danish settlement —Historical records-Oldfamilies—Picturesque situation of the church—Description of the church—The churchyard—Registers—The vicars—Biographical notices—The vicaragehouses—Rural aspects of the village—Old customs.

CHAPTER XVI., GRIMSTON PARK ... ... 193

Ancient cultivation— Meaning of Grimston— Grim in the A -S. dedication stoneat York—The manor of Grimston—The manor-house—Local families—TheStanhopes and Gascoignes—Purchase of the manor by Lord Howden—Localfield names—Duke of Wellington at Grimston—Sale of Grimston to LordLondesborough, and afterwards to John Fielden, Esq.—Description of themansion—A remarkable collection of relics—The park and gardens—Formerpopulation of Grimston—Schools—Bella Hall estate

CHAPTER XVII., ULLESKELF ... 203

A place without a history —Importance of Ulleskelf in pre-Norman times—Gallows at Ulleskelf—Some important discoveries—Meaning of Ulleskelf—The manor with church—Historical records—Baptisms at Ulleskelf—Population in 1378—Local men in the wars—Old families—Village aspects—An ancient homestead—A great fire—Disappearance of the old church

Erection of the new church—Wesleyan Chapel and National School

CHAPTER XVIII., ROUND ABOUT TOWTON • •• 210

North Milford—The ancient family of Ledes—Custom of garsome—Milford HallManor of Towton—Baron Hawke—Towton Hall—The great Battle of

Towton—The site of the battle—The burial trenches—Lord Dacre's tomb—Horse and warrior interred together—Local discoveries—Some relics : aTowton battle-axe—The Towton roses, a foolish belief—The 15th centurymemorial chapel.

CHAPTER XIX., ABOUT SAXTON AND ABERFORD 218

Scarthingwell Hall—Catholic chapel—Village of Saxton—A wayside cross—TheCock Beck—Lead Hall and church—Peculiar endowment of the church—Around Aberford—A wealth of wild-flowers—Roman road —Name of Aberford—Charter for a market —The church—Its unusual dedication—Murder of avicar—Aberford on a main highroad—Local plagues—Registers of thechurch —Effects of plagues, &c —Abstracts from

registers—Tithe-barn-Local pin trade—" Sammy Hick "—Table of former occupations at AberfordPinfold and ducking-stool—The bridge—Aberford longevity—Barwick-in-

Elmet—Old hall— Lotherton—Sturton Grange —Becca Hall—Old inn—Supposed Roman bridge.

12

CHAPTER XX., TADCASTER IN PRE-NORMAN TIMES ... 229

Prehistoric Tadcaster–A British station–British footways–Situation of the earlychurch–The Calatum of Ptolemy–Celtic origin of the Roman Calcaria--Discovery of skeleton and stone weapon–St. Heiv and Tadcaster–Kelcbar als.Kelbar–Newton Kyme not Calcaria –Was " Tatha " in 1066 Tadcaster ?-Name of Tadcaster–Tadcaster on Ermyn Street–Position and extent ofRoman camp– • ' Castle Hill "–Roman finds–A remarkable bronze ringedcelt found at Tadcaster–Other discoveries–The " Street of Tombs"–Romaninterments–Details of direction of the Roman road through Tadcaster–Notes on occupation of district by Saxon and Dane–Tadcaster a Danish mint–The castle mounds–Evidences of a stone-built castle

CHAPTER XXI., TADCASTER: RECORDS OF EIGHT CEN-

TURIES. PART I. ... ... 239

Tadcaster a royal residence before the Conquest–The castle of King Olaf–William the Conqueror at Tadcaster–His capture of York –Tadcaster sparedfrom devastation–Its rapid development–Domesday testimony –System ofcultivation–No church at the Conquest–Manor of Malchetone – Largegrants to Percy–Early records of the Percies–Percy pedigree–King Johnat Tadcaster–York Minster built of Tadcaster stone–Charter for marketand fair in 1270–Grant of free warren in 1295 – Antiquity of local quarries

–Leased by the monasteries – Early toll at Tadcaster Bridge–Local enquiryin 1258–Mills, manor-house, and public oven–Bond-tenants, &c

CHAPTER XXII., TADCASTER : RECORDS OF EIGHT CEN-

TURIES. PART II.... 247

Local effects of the battle of Bannockburn–Invasion of Scots–Destruction atTadcaster in 13I8–Depreciation of the church living – A calamitous era–The Black Death and its ravages –Social and economic comparisons withTadcaster – Fourteenth century taxation – Local taxpayers – Trade andprogress stifled –Vicar of Tadcaster succumbs to the Black Death–Terriblemortality–No Parliament–Scarcity of labourers–The status of Tadcasterin 1378–Local breweries and hostilers–Tadcaster and the war in 1408–Alocal attainder–Wars of the Roses –Scene on Tadcaster Bridge–Edward IV.

at Tadcaster –Progress of Princess Margaret through Tadcaster–TheCatholic rebellions of 1538 and 1569–The Tadcaster gallows–The Duke ofSomerset and the Reformation –The manor of Tadcaster –Tadcaster in thepeerage –The Civil War –Lord Fairfax at Tadcaster–Local evidences of thebattle at Tadcaster –Plague in 16 45–Annihilation of feudalism –Progress ofTadcaster– Local Protestantism –The rating of Tadcaster in 1690– TheStuart rebellion –Importance of Tadcaster in coaching times–Local inns

CHAPTER XXIII., THE PARISH CHURCH, TADCASTER ... 265

Roman Christianity –The church a foundation of the Percies–Supposed manor-house chapel–Discovery of a piscina– Local chapels and oratories –Dedica-tion of the church– Chantry of St John the Baptist at Bridge end–Situationof the church and liability to inundations of the Wharfe–A memorable flood–Historical records of the church–Tadcaster in the Vatican archives–Acurious indictment–Ordination of the vicarage–An unpublished record

13

CHAPTER XXIII., continued

A 13th and 14th century contrast—The tax of the Ninths—The Black Death—A local jury—Some peculiar emoluments of the early vicars—The 17thcentury : a scene in the church—Its present appearance—Some archæologicalfeatures—The chantry-chapels—Their foundation and history—List ofchaplains—Local family memorials—The registers—List of vicars, withbiographical notices—The old churchyard

CHAPTER XXIV., TADCASTER NONCONFORMIST AND OTHER

INSTITUTIONS ... 281

The Grammar School--Its origin in Saxon times—Originally held in the churchRe-founded by Bishop Oglethorpe—The Bishop's will—Some schoolmastersand pupils—The Hospital or " Bead Houses "—An ancient

cross-slab-Chapel of St John the Baptist—The old Friends' Meeting House—Quakerpersecution—George Fox at Tadcaster—Some local Meeting Houses—ThePresbyterians—Morley er Heywood at Tadcaster—Local Congre-gationalism — John Wesley and Benjamin Ingham at Tadcaster—TheInghamites — Wesleyans — Reform Methodists — Primitive Methodists —Roman Catholics—Town Hall—Eight Schools in the „town—The oldestSunday School in England—Present Schools—Tadcaster Union.

CHAPTER XXV., TADCASTER OLD FAMILIES ... 290

The Percies and De Tadcasters—Baron and Viscount Tadcaster—Some localfamilies deriving their names from local trades and places—Two Tadcastermerchants—The Normanvilles, Hardys, and Barkers—Will of John Barker,

1680—The Tukes and Battys—A local pedigree—The Marshalls—The Fostersof Smaws—Hartleys, Sheriffs of York—Family of Morley and " MorleyHall "—The Bellhouses and Woods—An unpublished pedigree—Other localfamilies—Siddells and Moorhouses—Family of Potter—An Archbishop ofCanterbury—Families of Shann, Smith, Bromet, &c.—Local celebrities

CHAPTER XXVI., THE TOWN, TRADE, AND OLD INNS OF

TADCASTER .

The parish of Tadcaster and Parliamentary Divisions—The Bridge, originally ofTimber—Its re-erection in stone—The bill of costs—Families of Etty andCockshott—Alterations about the Market Place—Former aspects—The oldMarket Cross—Gunpowder Plot celebrations—The coaching days—Old innsThe Ark and its history—Other pre-Reformation inns—Some proceedingsin chancery—Ancient inn-signs—Local survival of Roman inn custom—Queen Elizabeth and the " Savage "—Armorial signs—Warburton at theRoebuck—Some local innkeepers—Tadcaster an ancient post-town—The oldpost-office—The first mention of Tadcaster post-office—The old " running-post "—Royal messengers—Horsemen and archers guard the King's treasurethrough Tadcaster—Local ancient breweries—The assize of ale—Localindustries—The manufacture and dyeing of cloth—The markets and fairs—Decline of Tadcaster—Opening of local railways—Revival of brewing andmalting trades—The Smith family—Tadcaster water—" Popple-wells "-Local Longevity—Events, customs, and traditions—John Wilkes and Tad-caster

CHAPTER XXVII., AROUND TADCASTER ... 311

Pleasant scenery—Wealth of vegetable life—The nightingale, a visitor—The roadto Oxton—Ouston and Oxton—The old Hall —Local families—Wild flowers—Smaws Hall—A notable quarry—Meaning of Smaws—Its ancient families—About Stutton—Geological aspects—Thevesdale—Antiquity of Stutton corn-mill—Local families and celebrities—A famous painter—A monumental work—History of Toulston—Ancient inn at Toulston—Local families—TheFairfaxes—Sale of Toulston—The old Hall—Toulston Lodge—Present andformer aspects—Its owners—George IV at Toulston—Recent extension andimprovements of the mansion—Some old yews

CHAPTER XXVIII., TADCASTER V. NEWTON KYME : A

GREAT BOUNDARY DISPUTE .. 32I

Protracted dispute—Purchase of Toulston in 1640—Reputed encroachments bySir Robert Barwick—Toulston warren-house—The Fairfaxes at Toulston—The Earl of Northumberland's claim—An action for trespass—Reputedboundaries of Toulston manor—Toulston coney-warren—Evidence of 28witnesses- Riding the bounds—Some old boundary-marks—Sir Thos Fairfaxrides the bounds—Trial at the Assizes—Enclosure of the common in 1990—The dispute revived ed—Rev Henry Wray and his tithes—The case put toarbitration—Settlement of the dispute

CHAPTER XXIX., ABOUT WIGHILL ... 329

Pleasant approaches to Wighill—Antiquity of Easedyke—An ancient peel-tower—Hay Dike—Plan of Easedyke—A separate manor—Feudal reservations--Importance- of Wighill before the Conquest—Its character and population inSaxon times—Old field-names—Manor of Hagenby-- Meaning of Wighill—Conjectured murder of an Earl of Northumbria at Wighill —Moat House—Early history of Wighill—Knights Templars at Wighill—The Stapletonfamily—Some interesting records--The Stapletons hold Wighill for nearly450 years—Its sale to the Wilsons—The Hawke family—Ancient aspects ofWighill —Curious customs—The church—Its History and architecturaldescription—Recent vicars—The Rev. Dr. Hiley's Memories of Half-a-Century.

CHAPTER XXX, HEALAUGH : ST. HEIV ' S MONASTERY •.. 345

Numerous local dedications to St Helen—Local continuance of Celtic monasti-cism—St. Heiu settles at Tadcaster in 6 49—Annexation of Elmete by KingEdwin—His acceptance of Christianity in 627—St Heiu's monasterysupposed to have been established at Healaugh—St. Hilda's ancestry—Meaning of Healaugh—Supposed memorial of St Heiu at Healaugh—Acurious discovery—Comparison with other early memorials—The earlydioceses and growth of monasticism.

CHAPTER XXXI., HEALAUGH : ITS HISTORY, CHURCH, AND

" BIBLE LANDS "

349

Antiquity of socage rights—Comparison with Beverley—Domesday testimony—Extent of soke of Healaugh—Descent of the manor—Records of the church—Its original dedication to St. Helen—The Norman doorway—Descriptionof the church—The late Rev R H Cooke—The Whartons of Healaugh

15

CHAPTER XXXI , continued

Philip, fourth Lord Wharton-His great Bible Charity-Wrongful diversionof the trust-Memorial of the Rev Bryan Dale-Rearrangement of thecharity-The present trustees-Sale of the " Bible Lands "-Purchase ofHealaugh by the Brooksbank family-Picturesque aspects-The old "castle."

CHAPTER XXXII., HEALAUGH PRIORY ... 359

An alien Priory - The present manor-house erected from the conventual buildingsAn Early-English Chapel-Early records of the Priory-Timber used in itserection brought from Idle-Appropriation of Healaugh Church-Localfamilies-The 15th century vicarage-The Dissolution and sale of the estate

CHAPTER XXXIII., NEWTON KYME

Picturesque aspects-The old castle-" Black Tom's " well - Early history-Family of De Kyme-Reputed descent of Robin Hood from the lords ofKyme--Family of Talbois-Local families in the 1 4th century-The manorobtained by the Fairfaxes in 1602 -Their long residence at Newton Kyme-Admiral Robert Fairfax-Records of the church-The rectors-Descriptionof the church-The church-plate -The old churchyard-Descent of themanor -The Hall rebuilt -The avenue in the park-Former aspects of theHall-The arms of Queen Elizabeth, and autograph at Newton Kyme.

CHAPTER XXXIV., OGLETHORPE ... ... 376

Antiquity of Oglethorpe - Parcel of the lordship of Bramham and Newton KymeAncient family of Oglethorpe-The 12th century homestead-Some notable

scions of the family-Bishop Owen Oglethorpe-He built Headley Hall-The Brandesby family- Pedigree of Bishop Oglethorpe-The family property

The founder of Georgia-General Oglethorpe's antecedents-Arms ofOglethorpe -Oglethorpe acquired by the Fairfaxes-Oglethorpe Hall two

centuries ago-Recent history

CHAPTER XXXV., ROUND ABOUT WALTON • • • • • • 384Roman road-Discovery of Roman relics- St Helen and Christianity-

St. Helen's Church at York-St Helen's Well and Chapel on the Wharfe-A local shrine-Dedications to St. Helen in Wharfedale-Moat House andNevison-Walton, the first home of the Fairfaxes-Walton Old Hall-Remarkable mounds-Walton during the Civil War-Mill Hill--Aspects ofthe village-Early history-Records of the church-Old custom-Some 16thcentury families-The last Fairfaxes of Walton-Vicars of Walton-Description of the church-Ancient bells -A curious symbol - Restoration ofthe church-Parish School -Opening of a local tumulus-Thorp Arch

School and the Hileys.

CHAPTER XXXVI., SYNNINGTHWAITE PRIORY ... • • • 397A Cistercian Nunnery-Existing remains-Early history - Local possessions-

Other properties - Some interments within the Priory- Grant at DissolutionLater history-Family of Synningthwaite.

16

CHAPTER XXXVII., AROUND BRAMHAM ... 400

The Bramham Moor grit-rocks–Special stone for York Minster–Early occupationof district–Local discoveries–Domesday testimony–A church and priest in

1083–The soke–Manor-house at Clifford–Count of Mortain–His portraiton the Bayeux tapestry–Bramham subfeud to the Fossard family–Curiousgrant–Early history–A valuable property of Nostell Priory–The Winnfamily–Lord Headley–Antiquity of the church–Some architectural features

The vicars–Bramham Park–The famous Bramham Moor Hunt–The lateMr. George Lane-Fox – His geniality and popularity – A magnificenttestimonial–His death and funeral–Recognition by the Prince of Wales–Bowcliffe House–The Battle of Bramham Moor–A pleasant country–Somenotable mansions–Bramham College

CHAPTER XXXVIII., BOSTON SPA 411

Beautiful scenery–Local longevity–Rise and growth of the Spa–The famousmineral spring–Aspects and attractions of the Spa–The first house–Thechurch, past and present–Other places of worship–Boston included inClifford–An ancient township–The bridge over Wharfe–Recent alterationsand new houses–St Kitts and the Atkinson family–Pedigree of Atkinson–Boston Lodge–Chestnut Grove–The Wickham family–Wharfedale House

Samuel Waddington, poet–Rev Wm Bownas, B A , and John Emmett,F L S –Clifford–Its notable Roman Catholic church–Hoffman's statue ofthe Virgin–St John's Institute for the Deaf and Dumb

CHAPTER XXXIX., THORP ARCH ... 421

Antiquity of the settlement–Domesday testimony–The Arches family–Descentof the manor–Fourteenth century trades–Local woollen industry–The oldcorn-mill Historical records–The Gossip family–Picturesque aspects–The " old castle "–Thorp Arch Hall–Manor-house–Records of the churchThe vicars–Description of the church–Pre-Norman relics–The churchyard

The parish registers

CHAPTER XL., W ETHERBY • • • 429

Importance of Wetherby–A famous coaching town–Highways tilled with cattleOld inns–An ancient settlement–Local discoveries–Castle Garth–

Antiquity of the bridge –A royal messenger at Wetherby–A remarkablering–Early history–Grant of market to the Knights Templars–Ancienttrades –Local woollen industry–Antiquity of Wetherby Chapel–Chapel atFollyfoot–Local records–The chapel rebuilt–Discovery of human remains

Sale of the town by the Duke of Devonshire –Manorial rights–Localtrades–Recent building operations –Former aspects and old customs

CHAPTER XLI., M ICKLETHWAITE AND WETHERBY GRANGE 436

The Drovers' inn–Grant of Micklethwaite to Kirkstall Abbey--The grantrescinded, and again restored at a fee-farm rent–History from the Dissolution–The Paver and Beilby families–Old names of the Grange –Sale of theestate by Lord Wenlock –The, Browns of Liverpool–Purchase of Mickle-thwaite by the Gunter family–Col. Sir Robert Gunter, Bart., M P –Newwater-works–The Wetherby shorthorns –A notable herd–Some remarkable

17

CHAPTER XLII., COLLINGHAM ••• 443" Dalton Parlours "–A Roman villa–Local finds–Apsidal buildings–Roman

Christianity–Evidences of local coins, &c –An early Saxon settlement–The story of King Oswin–His 7th century memorial-cross at Collingham–Site of monastery–A Norman cross– Early history of Collingham–Thechurch–Its appropriation in 1258–Description of the fabric–Restorationin 1898–Further discoveries–Local memorials–The churchyard, a burialsite since the 7th century

CHAPTER XLIII., BARDSEY

An ancient settlement–The Castle Hill–Discoveries on the site–Formerly anisland–The name of Bardsey–Domesday evidence— Early history–Monasticproperty–Later history–Appropriation of the church–Description of thechurch–Some curious features–The tower comparison with St Mary'schurch, Bishophill, York–Memorials in the church–Antiquity of theregisters--Local families–Congreve, the dramatist, a native of Bardsey–The old Town Books

CHAPTER XLIV., ABOUT EAST KEswIcK AND WIKE ... 459

A sunny site–Early history of the manor–Local monastic possessions–The oldHall–Places of worship–The Society of Friends–Local pastimes–Goodroads–Wike school–A famous find of ancient coins

CHAPTER XLV., HAREWOOD... • •• 463

Rural charm of Harewood–An illustrious record–Antiquity of Harewood–

Meaning of the name–Harewood a Danish mint–Domesday evidence–Alarge parish–Grant to the Romilles–Descent of the manor–Market-charter–The Rythers and Redmans–Pedigree of Redman–The Gascoigne family–Gawthorpe Hall–Chief Justice Gascoigne–Subsequent owners of Hare-wood–The Lascelles family–Harewood House –Royal visits

CHAPTER XLVI., THE CASTLE, CHURCH, AND VILLAGE

OF HAREWOOD

474Origin of the Castle–License to fortify it–Arms of Aldburgh and Balliol–

Description of the castle–Its last occupants–Its destruction by Cromwellerroneous–The parish church–Its dedication –Historical records of thechurch–Omissions in Torre's list of vicars–The Rev Richard Hale, M.A–Description of the church–Its unique collection of effigied monuments–Ancient armorial bearings in the church–The late Lord Harewood –Thevillage.

CHAPTER XLVII., AROUND WEETON • • • • • • 483Weardley–Rawdon Hill–Harewood Bridge–The old Ship inn–Township of

Dunkeswick–Rougemont–Helthwaite Hill and the Maude family–Pedigreeof Maude, Barons de Montalt–Weeton–Old families–Name of Weeton –Touhouse in Harewood Park–Weeton church–Almscliff Crags

18

CHAPTER XLVIII., ABOUT ARTHINGTON

487A charming landscape-An early settlement-Domesday record--The Count of

Mortain - Paganel family, and their local benefactions to the monasteries-Descent of the manors of Adel and Arthington-Holy Trinity Priory, York-Medieval hospitality-Rise of freeholders-Local family of Arthington-Nunnery at Arthington-Its local possessions-The Creskeld family-Pedigree of Arthington- Arms of Arthington-Worsley family connections-Purchase of Arthington by the Sheepshanks-Arthington Hall and Church-Site of the Nunnery granted to Cranmer-The Nunnery buildings-Planand description of the establishment- Local remains-The Nunnery houseand local families

CHAPTER XLIX., CRESKELD

Antiquity of Creskeld-Meaning of the name-Family of Creskeld-The DeBingleys at Creskeld-Notes from the Wentworth MSS -Local possessionsof Kirkstall Abbey-The Goldsborough family-Early ironworks at Creskeld- The manor at the Dissolution-A family dispute-Destruction of Golds-borough Hall -Sale of Creskeld, &c , to the Wentworths-Bond-tenantsand old customs -The Atkinson family-Conveyance of Creskeld to theThornhills-Its purchase by William Rhodes-The Rhodes and Darwinfamilies-Pedigree of Rhodes-Mr Francis Darwin, J P -Antiquity ofCreskeld manor-house- The present Hall and Chapel-The Park.

INDEX OF PEDIGREES.Pages

RYDER, OF HARROWBY 72-73HOLDEN, OF NUN APPLETON .. 152FAIRFAX, OF BOLTON PERCY, &C. .. 169

PERCY, OF TADCASTER, &C. .. 242BATTY AND TUKE, OF TADCASTER, &C. 293BELLHOUSE, OF LEEDS, TADCASTER, &C. 297

STAPLETON, OF WIGHILL 335SAXON KINGS OF NORTHUMBRIA 346BISHOP OGLETHORPE .. 381OGLETHORPE, OF OGLETHORPE 382ATKINSON, OF THORP ARCH 416-17EARLY LORDS OF HAREWOOD 462REDMAN, OF LEVENS AND HAREWOOD 470-IMAWDE OR MAUDE, OF HELTHWAITE 485ARTHINGTON, OF ARTHINGTON 493-5RHODES, OF MENSTON AND BRAMHOPE 507

1 9

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FULL PAGE VIEWS.

IN THE LARGE PAPER EDITION ONLY

Engraved for this work from the originalsupplied by

Harewood House and Park a Century agdrawn by J M W Turner, R A ..

IN BOTH EDITIONS

Cawood two Centuries Ago ..Progress of Cardinal WolseyCawood Castle Gateway, east frontCawood Castle Gateway ..Cawood Church ..Monument to Archbishop Mountaigne..Ryther Church before Restoration ..Church Fenton ChurchOld Cottages, Bolton Percy ..Bolton Percy ChurchInterior of Bolton Percy ChurchAncient Tithe Barn, Bolton Percy ..Rt Rev R J. Crosthwaite, D D , Bishop

of BeverleyNun Appleton Hall ..Sir Angus Holden, Bart , M P.Rt Hon John, Eleventh Lord Fairfax..Kirkby WharfeAncient Cross, Kirkby Wharfe ChurchKirkby Wharfe ChurchGrimston ParkRt. Hon Albert, Lord Londesborough..John Fielden, Esq. ..UlleskelfBronze Celts found near UlleskelfCastle Hill and Prehistoric Mounds,

TadcasterTadcaster Church ..Toulston Lodge ..Pedigree of Stapleton, of WighillHealaugh Church ..Norman Doorway, Healaugh Church ..The old Manor Farm, Healaugh

o,Frontispiece

FULL PAGE VIEWS. Face page

25

35Geo F Jones, FRIBA , Malton 4,

434550

Rev A T M A Ryther 77George F. Jones, Malton 97George Hepworth, Brighouse 105J Norton Dickons, Bradford

121

Do I25

George Hepworth, Brighouse 135

Debenham & Co , York .. 137Sir Angus Holden, Bart., M.P

139

Elliott & Fry, London .. 151

Rt Hon Lord Fairfax.. 171

Debenham & Co., York .. 177

Do. 179Duncan & Lewin, York.. 188

George F. Jones, Malton 193Earl of Londesborough

/97

A Bassano, London .. 199Debenham Co , York .. 203J Norton Dickons, Bradford

204.

J H Hull, M.P.S , Tadcaster 229George F Jones, Malton 265H. H J.P , Tadcaster 311Miss Stapylton, London.. 335Duncan & Lewin, York.. 349

Do 353Miss Cooke, Healaugh

359

.. Miss Bellhouse, Roundhay

.: Miss Bellhouse, Roundhay

• •• •• •• •• •• •

20

Remains of Castle, Newton KymeNewton Kyme ChurchNorman Doorway, Synningthwaite • •Robert, Count of Mortain, A D 1086 • •George Lane-Fox, Esq.The Bridge, Boston Spa and Thorp Arch,

about thirty years ago ..

Thorp Arch Church in 1840 ..Col. Sir Robert Gunter, Bart , M P. ..Plan of Roman Villa near Collingham..Ancient Crosses, Collingham Church ..Arms formerly in the Church and Castle

George Hepworth, Brighouse 363

Do. 370Duncan & Lewin, York .. 397G. Bell & Sons, London 40,Percy Bownas, Boston Spa 407

Do. 411William F Atkinson, Ilkley • • 421W. D. Brigham, Scarbro'

440

F. W Dalby, Compton.. 444Dr J H. Whitham, Boston Spa.. 448

at Harewood • • 463

Francis Darwin, Esq .. Whyte, Inverness • • 499

Creskeld Hall .. Francis Darwin, Creskeld .. 508

OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS

Cardinal WolseyInterior of Cawood Church ..Seal of Archbishop Kemp ..Arms of Ryder, of Harrowby..Altar-tomb in Ryther Church..Tomb of Sir William Ryther in Ryther

Church ..Ryther Church after the Restoration in

1898Rev. William Sibthorpe Cole, M A ..Female Effigy in Church Fenton ChurchEast End of Church Fenton Church ..Base of Cross, Church FentonGeorge Villiers, Duke of Buckingham..Sedilia and Piscina, Bolton Percy

Church ..Lord Fairfax's Chair..Steeton HallGreenaway Court, VirginiaThe old Church, BilbroughThe First Earl of Londesborough • •Towton Hall two centuries agoBattle-axe from Towton Field..

Becca Hall, near AberfordRemarkable Ringed Celt found near

TadcasterRoman Christian Lamp, formerly at

Grimston Park ..Tadcaster Bridge ..Tadcaster Church before 1875Cross-slab at TadcasterOld Sunday School, TadcasterThe "Ark," Tadcaster

Rev. B. E Wake, M A , Cawood..

Rev A. G. Dudley Ryder, M A ..Rev. A. T. Field, M A., Ryther

Do

DoRev E Manic Cole, M A , Wetwang

George F Jones, Malton

Mr Wright, Bilbrough..Rev Canon Wilton, M AThe British Museum .. .. 212

His Grace the Duke of Northumber-land .. 216

Percy Bownas, Boston Spa .. 227

.. 234

238

245272

284288302

• •• •• •• •• •• •

384857728o

8386

99too103112

127

153160171

173198

William Green, Bingley..Percy Bownas, Boston Spa

Do.

Percy Bownas, Boston SpaDuncan f Lewin, York..Percy Bownas, Boston SpaWm. F. Atkinson, Ilkley

British Museum 314H. H. Riley-Smith, J P , Tadcaster 317Rt. Hon. Lord Fairfax .. 318Miss Stapylton. London .. 330

Do. 337Do. 339Do. 341Do. 343

Yorks. Archæl. Journal .. 347362

George Hepworth, Brighouse 365367

George Hepworth, Brighouse 369370

George Hepworth, Brighouse 371Do. 373

British Museum 375375

British Museum 381

Miss Gunter, Wetherby Grange

James C. Eastburn, Bradford

James C. Eastburn, Bradford

383387

389391392

393398

413415427439476

• • 478

• • 480• • 484• • 498

21

Smaws Hall two centuries agoToulston Lodge in 1828Charles, Tenth Lord Fairfax ..Plan of EasedykeWighill Hall a century ago ..Plan of WighillNorman Doorway, Wighill Church ..Tomb of Robt. Stapleton, Wighill ChurchThe St. Heiu Stone found at Healaugh..Seal of Appleton Nunnery ..The old Tithe Barn, Newton Kyme • •Admiral Robert FairfaxThe Rectory, Newton KymeConsecration Cross, Newton Kyme • •Newton Kyme Hall ..Avenue in the Park, Newton KymeNewton Kyme Hall in 1718 ..Queen Elizabeth's Autograph..Oglethorpe Hall two centuries ago ..Arms of Fairfax and Vere at Bilbrough

Church ..The Old Hall, WaltonOld Cottage, Walton..Walton Church before the Restoration..Fylfot on Church-bell at WaltonThorp Arch Grange ..Synningthwaite Priory Farm ..Boston Spa Church in 1870 ..The Rev. Wm. Atkinson ..Tomb-slab in Thorp Arch ChurchWetherby Grange ..Ancient Stone Sideboard, HarewoodRev. Richard Hale, M.A., Vicar of

HarewoodTomb of Lord Chief Justice Gascoigne,

HarewoodThe old Ship Inn, Harewood Bridge ..Seal of Arthington Priory ..