Summarize the Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=31&v=GlnFylwdYH4&feature=emb_logo

Ecology—the scientific study of interactions between different organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings

Biotic - living factors that influence an ecosystem

Abiotic - non-living factors that influence an ecosystem

Complete Abiotic – Biotic Questions

ALL LIVING THINGS NEED

Energy

TO SURVIVE

SUNLIGHT

is the source of energy for almost all living

things

Producers

Sunlight is the main energy source for life on earth

Also called autotrophs

Use light or chemicalenergy to make food1. Plants2. plant-like protists (algae)3. Bacteria

Producers

• Producers make their own food

• Green plants use energy from the sun to make food

• Producers are on the bottom of the food chain

Photosynthesis—use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates

(Remember: 6CO2 + 6H2O 6O2 + C6H12O6)

Chemosynthesis—performed by bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

Light Energy

Decomposers

Decomposers

Microorganisms that are able to break down large molecules into smaller parts

Decomposers return the nutrients that are in a living thing to the soil

Consumers

Consumers

A. Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply

B. Also called heterotrophs

Consumers hunt, gather, and store food because they cannot make their own.

There are 4 Types of Consumers

• Herbivores• Carnivores• Omnivores• Scavenger

Herbivores

Herbivores

Animals who eat plants such as:• grasshoppers• rabbits• squirrels• deer• pandas

Carnivores

Carnivores

Animals who only eat other animals such as:• tigers• lions• hawks• wolves• cougars

Omnivoires

Omnivores

Animals who eat both plants and animals such as:• humans• bears

Scavenger

Feeds on the bodies of dead animals

Scavenger

Complete Consumers Table

Matching Activity

Feeding Interactions

A. Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction—from the sun or

inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to heterotrophs

(consumers)

Complete Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Energy Pyramid

Energy Pyramid – a model that shows the amount of energy available at each feeding level of an ecosystem

The available energy decreasesas it moves through an ecosystem

Food Webs

Ecosystems are not that simple and not often explained by a single food chain… Food WEBS more accurately show the network of food chains representing the feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem.

Most organisms feed on more than one type of organism at different trophic levels.

Can’t complete a unit without learning

something from Bill Nyehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVB82laAJl0

A food chain is the path by which energy passes from one living thing to another.

OR

What is a Food Chain?

A food chain is a simplified way to look at the energy that passes from producers to consumers.

Complete Global Issues – The Extinction Crisis

Food Chain—series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

1. Arrows go in the direction of how energy is transferred

2. Start with producer and end with top consumeror carnivore

Ex: grass cricket frog raccoon

A more realistic way of looking at the relationship of plants and animals in an environmentSeveral food chains linked togetherA predator from one food chain may be linked to the prey of another food chain

What is a Food Web?

Watch the following video and summarize it. Make notes like you are the teaching students about the video

https://www.pbs.org/video/habitat-habitat-basics-buxg6x/

Watch the video, From the Top of the Food Chain Down

and answer the questions while you are watching it.https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=t3I9gDocYdk

The Day it Rained Cats...

• A bizarre case of ecological damage from DDT occurred in Borneo after the World Health Organization sprayed huge amounts of the pesticide. The area's geckos, or lizards, feasted on the houseflies that had been killed by DDT. The geckos, in turn, were devoured by local cats. Unhappily, the cats perished in such large numbers from DDT poisoning that the rats they once kept in check began overrunning whole villages. Alarmed by the threat of plague, WHO officials were forced to replenish Borneo's supply of cats by parachute.

Interpreting Graphics for Food Chains and Food

WebsGrab the work from Mr

Lamb or Mrs Gatien

Watch the video and answer the questions.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KI7u_pcfAQE

Food Web—network of food chains within an ecosystem

Which of the organisms above is the producer?

Which of the organisms above is the top consumer?

Hawks

Weasels Raccoons

Mice

Grass

Complete “A Food Web”

This is a food web from grass to man

Trophic Levels—each step in a food chain or food web

1. Level 1—Producers (autotrophs)

2. Level 2—Primary Consumers (herbivores)

3. Level 3—Secondary Consumers (carnivores or omnivores)

4. Level 4—Tertiary Consumers (carnivore—usually top carnivore)

Hawks

Weasels Raccoons

Mice

Grass

Food Webs

Complete Food Webs and Food Chains

Energy Pyramid shows relative amount of energy available at each trophic level

1. Organisms in a trophic level use the available energy for life processes (such as growth, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, metabolism, etc.)and release some energy as heat

Remember: Every chemical process that happens in your body releases heat as a byproduct (ex: burning calories).

2. Rule of 10—only about 10% of the available energy within a trophic level is transferred to the next higher trophic level

C. Biomass Pyramid—represents the amount of living organicmatter at each trophic level

Ecological Interactions between organisms

A. Competition—when two organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time.

Ex: food, water, shelter

Monkeys compete with each other and other animals for food.

Rams compete with each other for mates.

Niche—the ecological niche involves both the place where an organism lives and the roles that an organism has in its habitat.

• Example: The ecological niche of a sunflowergrowing in the backyard includes absorbing light, water and nutrients (for photosynthesis), providing shelter and food for other organisms (e.g. bees, ants, etc.), and giving off oxygen into the atmosphere.

The ecological niche of an organism depends not only on where it lives but also on what it does. The habitat is the organism’s “address”, and the niche is its “profession”, biologically speaking.

Worm’s Niche“Address”—Soil, Ground, etc.

“Profession”– Mix-up soil

Predation—one organism captures and feeds on another organism

1. Predator—one that does the killing

2. Prey—one that is the food

Symbiosis—any relationship in which two species live closely together

1. Mutualism—both species benefit (WIN-WIN)a. Ex: insects and flowers

Can you think of any other examples that we’ve talked about in class?

Commensalism—one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.(WIN-0)

Example: barnacles on a whale

Commensalism

The Remora fish attaches to the shark and gets a free ride.

Birds build nests in trees.

Parasitism—one organisms lives on or inside another organism (host) and harms it.

The parasite obtains all or part of its nutritional needs from the host. (WIN-LOSE)

Example: fleas on a dog

Parasitism

Wasp eggs on back of caterpillar.

Mosquito biting a human.

Sea lampreys feed on fluids of other fish.

Mutualism, Commensalism or Parasitism??

Complete Ecology Webquest

Songs with Environmental Message Project

Get project from Mr Lamb or Mrs Gatien