SULIT 4551/2 - WordPress.com€¦ · · 2013-12-13SULIT 4551/2 Chapter 4 : Chemical composition in the cell 2014 Module Biology Trail Paper

SULIT 4551/2

Chapter 4 : Chemical composition in the cell 2014

Module Biology Trail Paper Collection

4551/2©All Rights Reserved SULIT

42

4.1 The chemical composition in the cell

No Marking scheme Marks

(a) There are two important groups of compound in the cells, the organic compound and the inorganic compounds. the organic compound are protein , nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipid s. describe the presence and importance of organic compound , such as carbohydrate and protein in a cells.

Carbohydrate

P1-It is a compound synthesized by plants through photosynthesis

P2-It is involved in the building of plant cell wall

P3-It is present in various forms including monosacharide, disaccharide and polysacharide

P4-Polycharide is storage carbohydrate

P5-Example: glycogen is storage carbohydrate

Protien

P1-It is the main component of cytoplasm an dplasma membrane

P2-protien is present as keratin in hair and nail

P3-Carier protein in the plasma membrane function in the transport of substances across the plasma membrane

P4-Enzyme , antibody and many hormones are proteins

P5-Hormones function to regulate chemical process and cell metabolism , such as digestion

P6-Enzyme act to catalyze metabolism reaction of the cell

P7-Antibody defends the body from pathogenic attack

P8-Protien also act as source of energy during starvation ANY 10

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(b) How are the carbohydrates stored in plant and animal tissues?

Carbohydrate are stored as starch in glycogen and glycogen in animal tissue

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(c) How are the delicate internal organs of animal protected by the lipids

Lipid form the adipose tissue lining around the delicate internal organs；Protecting them from physical injure

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Nucleic acid

Trial perlis 2010 Trail kedah 2012 JUJ 2009

Figure below shows the structure of nucleic acid


(a) Based on the figure 3, name the type of nucleic acid as shown

DNA

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(b) Name another type of nucleic acid

RNA

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(c) Explain the role of structure in 5.1 in determining the characteristic of organism

P1-carry genetic information

P2-direct protein synthesis

P3-determine the traits that are passed from parents to their children

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(d)

Name the diagram S, T and U

S: Phosphate Group

T: Pentose/sugar/deoxyribose sugar

U: nitrogenous base

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(e) Diagram shows apart of the structure of organic compound found in the cell

Cell structure: chromosomes

Organelle: nucleus

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(f) What is the basic unit of molecule X called

Nucleotide

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(g) Diagram below shows an incomplete structure of DNA at one polynucleotide chain complete the structure below

Drawing 1m

Nitrogenous bases matched correctly : 1m

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(h) Segment of structure in diagram 2.1 carry characteristic for each individual .describe the application of genetics that be used for

Identification purposes in solving criminal cases

F1-DNA fingerprint

P1-(it is used) to examine DNA from tissue sample of hair/ saliva/blood/semen found at the scene of the crime then compare it to suspect’s DNA

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4.2 Carbohydrate


(a) Name two type of disaccharides

Sucrose

Maltose

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(b) Explain how the two disaccharide is formed

P1-Maltose is formed through the condensation of two glucose molecules

P2-sucrose is formed through the condensation of a glucose molecule and fructose molecule

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(c) Explain how glucose is considered a reducing sugar

P1- because it can reduce copper (II)ions

P2-which are blue in colour to a brick red precipitate of copper (I) oxide

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(d) Explain how molecule X( polysaccharide) are formed form their basic unit :polyshacride

P1-Molecule is a polysaccharide which consists of many monosaccharide

P2-The monosaccharide are joined together by condensation to form a long chains of polymer

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4.3 Proteins Trial Selangor 2008 Trial Melaka 2008

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1. Diagram 2 shows a series of reaction process is the formation of molecules Q while process Y is the breakdown of polypeptide


(a) Name Molecule X

Protein

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(b) Name Molecule P ,R, and Q

Molecule P: Amino acid

Molecule R: Dipeptide

Molecule Q: Polypeptide

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(c) State the process X and Y

Process X: Condensation

Process Y: Hydrolysis

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(d) Explain the process X and Y

Process X:

P1-Condensation of amino acid /(molecules ) P//(two unit of amino acid)/(molecule)P combine/link and water (molecule) are release

P2-Peptides bond formed (between Amino acid /P)

Process Y:

P1-Hydrolysis of dipeptides/ (molecule) Q //Dipeptides /Q is broken by water(molecule)

P2-Peptides bonds are broken down

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(e) The breakdown of poly peptides molecule to molecule Q through process y occurs in human digestive system

State one organ wherer process Y occurs

Stomach/lieum/small intestine/duodenum

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(f) Name one enzyme secreted by the organ which is needed in process Y

Pepsin/Erepsin/peptidase/trypsin.protease

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Molecule P

Molecule Q

Process Y

Process X

Molecule R Molecule X

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(g) Explain how the complex molecule R are formed from their basic units

P1-Molecule R is polypeptide in which consist of amino acids

P2-The amino acids are joined together by condensation and arrange in a sequence to form a long chain

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(h) Explain the breakdown of molecule Y(Protein) Given basic units : amino acid

P1-Molecule is a polypeptide( which consist of many amino acids)

P2-Molecule Y is broken down by hydrolysis

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2. Protein are large organic molecule which play diverse roles in living organism . Diagram 2.1 shows four level of organization in protein structure JUJ 2009 Trail Kelantan 2008

P : Primary structure Q : Secondary structure

S : Quartnetry structure R : Tertiary structure

Molecule P Molecule Q

X

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(a) Draw the structure 1

(b) Name structure P;Q.R and S in diagram 1

(c)

Name X

Peptide bond

1

(d) State the monomer of the structure shown in diagram

Amino acid

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(e) Give one example of each protein P, Q R and S

Protein P: DNA/RNA

Protein Q: Hairs/nails/Feather

Protein R: Hormones. enzyme /antibodies / plasma protein

Protein S: Haemoglobin

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(f) Amino acid is monomer of protein . There are two type o f amino acids which are essential amino acid and non essential amino acid

Explain about essential amino acid

P1-canot synthesis by the body

P2-obtain from diet

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(g) ESSAY ENCHANCEMENT CONER

Name the protein P ,Q and R.Describe the structure of each protein structure

P1- P is primary structure

E1-It refers ti the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

P2-Q is secondary structure

E2-It refers to the polypeptide chain that is coiled to form alpha –helix chain o into beta pleated sheet

P3-R is tertiary structure

E3-It refers to the way the helix chains or beta pleated sheets are coiled or folded into three dimensional shape of a polypeptide chain

P+E

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4.4 Lipids JUJ 2009 Trial Melaka 2009


(a) Name molecule P

Lipid

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(b) State two important product obtained from the hydrolysis of lipid

Glycerol/fatty acid

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(c) Name X ,Y and Z

X: Glycerol

Y: Fatty acid

Z: Triglyceride

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(d) State the process X and Y

Process X: condensation (state the reaction that lead to the synthesis of lipid)

Process Y: hydrolysis

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(e) Write a word equation to represent the biochemical process in diagram

Lipase

Glycerol +fatty acid triglyceride+ water

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(f) Name the other product of this reaction besides lipid molecule

Water

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X Y Z

Molecule P

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(g) Waxes are a type of lipid. it is found on the cuticles of epidermis of the leaves fruit and some seeds of some plant . Explain another type of lipid in human

F1- phospholipids’ s

P1-component in the formation of plasma membrane

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(h) What is the essential structural difference between a phospholipids molecule and the lipid molecule shown in the figure

P1-A phospholipids’ molecule has two fatty acids and phosphate group attached to a molecule of glycerol

P2-ipid molecule in the figure has three fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol

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(i) Describe the behavior of phospholipids’ in the water

P1-One end of the phospholipids’ molecule , containing the phosphate group is soluble in the water, while the other end , containing the fatty acids is insoluble in water

P2-When phospholipid are in water, they forma bilayered structure comprising of to back to back layers of phospholipids molecule

P3-the water soluble (hydrophilic)ends point outwards while the water insoluble (hydrophobic ) ends point inwards

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(j)

Structure X

Molecule P is important to build the structure of membrane in the cell , including structure X

Name structure X

Plasma membrane

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(k) Explain the arrangement of molecule P in X

P1-Molecule P consists of hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail

P2-the head part of faces the external surface of the membrane because it attract to water

P3-the tail part of P is in the enter of the membrane as there is water in the membrane

P4-Form a phospholipids bilayer ANY 3

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(l) State the function of phospholipids in cells

Provide the structure basis for all cell membrane

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Diagram shows two types of fats


(k) State the type of fat s shown in diagram

P: Saturated fat

Q: Unsaturated fat

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(l) Butter is saturated fat but corn oil is unsaturated fat . Explain briefly the differences between saturated fat and unsaturated fat

P1- Saturated fat is solid (at room temperature)

P2-saturated fat without double bonds between carbon atoms where as unsaturated fat have at least one doubled bond (between the carbon atoms)

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(m) Compare and contrast fats and oils

S1-Both are good energy store

D1-At room temperature, fats are solid, whereas oils are liquid

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4.5 Enzyme Trial Johor 2009 Trial Kedah 2012 Trial Kedah 2009 JUJ 2009

No Marking Scheme Marks

(a)

The general characteristic of enzyme

List three characteristic of the enzyme shown Diagram 3/ state two characteristic of the enzyme

F1-Enzyme is highly specific//enzyme reaction follow the lock and key hypothesis

F2-Enzyme is not destroyed after the reaction // can be reused again //remain unchanged after the reaction

F3-Enzyme has a specific site for its substrate

F4-Enzyme hydrolyses /breaks down substrate to form products

F5-Enzyme is needed in small quantity

F6-Enzyme can catalyzed a reversed reaction ANY 3

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No Marking Scheme Marks

(b) The enzyme is highly specific. Explain this statement/Why enzyme is said to be highly specific?

F1-Enzyme has specific sites called active site

F1-One enzyme only catalyzed one substrate

F2-the active site has a distinctive/ the active site ( of the enzyme )is specific to certain substances

F3-the shape of the substrate must fit the enzyme precisely if a reaction is to catalysed //complements its substrate

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(c) The enzyme reaction can be slowed down or completely stopped by inhibitors

(i) Give one example of inhibitor

Heavy metal/leads / mercury

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(ii) Explain how inhibitor inhibit the enzyme reaction

P1- inhibitor change the active sites of the enzyme

P2-substrate cannot fits to the active site P3-cannot form enzyme substrate complex

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(d)

Intracellular and extracellular enzyme Trail Kelantan 2010

State the meaning of extracellular enzyme

P1-Enzyme which is synthesized in the cell

P2-Secreted out of the cell to work externally

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(b) State the meaning of intracellular enzyme

P1-Enzyme which produced in the cell

P2-for use of itself

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(c) Extracellular enzyme are enzyme which are produced in the cell but secreted from the cell to function externally

Give one example of the cell

Pancreas//ileum //stomach epithelial cell //salivary cell

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(d) Give one example of an extracellular enzyme produced by the cell

Lipase /Amylase /trypsin

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Synthesis of enzymes Trail Johor 2011 Trail Kelantan 2010 Trial Pahang 2010 Trial MRSM 2011

Trail Perak 2012 Trial Perak 2009 Trial Selangor 2010 Trial Selangor 2008


Based on the Diagram 1, name P, Q, R, and S

Name correctly

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(a)

State the function of organelle P

Modifies and pack the enzyme

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(b)

State the function of organelles P(transport vesicles)

Transport protein synthesized by ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus

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(c)

State the function of T

P1 P contain respiratory enzyme

P2 P generate energy from cell respiration / oxidation of glucose

P3 Energy use by the cells for activities

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(d)

Explain the function of Q

P1 Q contain genetic material / DNA / gene

P2 which determine the type of protein synthesis by the ribosome

P3 determine the characteristics inherited by the offspring

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(a) Synthesis of molecule y is very specific process. It depend on the information contained in molecule X

Name X

In form of genes /DNA

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T : Ribosomes

U : transport vesicles

R: secretory vesicles

S: mitochondria

P: Golgi apparatus

Q: nucleus

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(b) Explain how information is carried out from the nucleus to organelle S

P1-DNA replicates/open /unwinds for the synthesis of RNA /messenger-RNA

P2-(genetic information) in DNA is copied to RNA

P3-RNA moves out of the nucleus and attaches itself on the ribosome

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(c) Explain the role of x(chromosomes) in the production of an Extracellular enzyme

P1-information for synthesis enzyme is carried by /DNA

P2-Different sequences of bases in X / DNA are codes to make different enzymes

P3-RNA copies the information from DNA in the nucleus

P4-Messenger RNA is formed to translate codes into a sequence of amino acid//

P5-Ribosomes interprets the information carried by RNA

P6-the amino acid are bonded together to form specific enzyme ANY 4

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(d) Explain how information is carried out from the nucleus to organelle S

P1-DNA replicates/open /unwinds for the synthesis of RNA /messenger-RNA

P2-(genetic information) in DNA is copied to RNA

P3-RNA moves out of the nucleus and attaches itself on the ribosomes

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Predicting the absent of organelle

(e) Explain what will happen to the production of extracellular enzymes if Golgi apparatus malfunctions.

F: The production of the extracellular enzyme is incomplete/ disrupted/affected

E1 (without Golgi apparatus), the protein cannot be modified into extracellular enzyme

E2-Protien cannot be sorted

E3-Extracellular enzyme cannot be released/ transported to the targeted cell /organ

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(f)

Explain what will happen if the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are absent in the cell

P1 Protein cannot be sent to the Golgi apparatus

P2 Protein cannot be modified / processes

P3 No enzyme extracellular can be synthesis

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(g)

Enzyme is made up of chains of polypeptides molecule. The Golgi apparatus in living cell are malfunction .explain the effect of the malfunction to the production of extracellular enzyme

P1-Processing /modifying/packing/sorting/transporting of the synthesized protein could not be carry out

P2-Resulting the synthesized protein /carbohydrates/glycoprotein are not able to be carry through the plasma membrane

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The production of extracellular enzyme


(a)

Explain the role of P and Q in transportation of extracellular enzyme

P1-The nucleus /RNA instruct ribosome to synthesized protein

P2-the synthesized protein is transport in the rough endoplasmic reticulum /Q

P3-to the transport vesicles

P4-then the Golgi apparatus/P packages./modifies/sorts/transports the synthesized proteins

P5-to the secretary vesicles to be transported

P6-out of the cell through the plasma membrane

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(b)

Based on the organelle shown in diagram, explain how extracellular enzyme are

produced starting at ribosome

P1-Protien are synthesized in the ribosome

P2-Rough endoplasmic reticulum transport the protein to the Golgi apparatus (by

transport vesicles)

P3Golgi apparatus modifies/repackage/transport protein to become enzyme

P4-which are secreted out from the cell

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(b)

Explain how the protein form at the ribosome is transform into the extracellular enzyme,

so that it can be secreted from the cell

P1-Protien enter lumen Rough Endoplasmic reticulum(RER)

P2-Modified in RER into extracellular enzyme

P3-Carried to the Golgi body by transporting vesicles

P4-Processed/packed in the Golgi body for excretion

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Essay enhancement corner

Diagram 8.1 shows the involvement of different cellular component P, Q and S in the secretion of extracellular enzyme in animal cell

Based on the diagram, describe the production of extracellular enzyme

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Marking scheme Marks

E1-The information for the synthesis of enzyme is carried by DNA in structure Q / nucleus

E2-The information is copied and carried/transferred to ribosome/ structure P via RNA /mRNA

E3-The information is used to synthesize protein in the ribosome /structure R/rough endoplasmic reticulum

E4-protien that are synthesized in the ribosome/structure P are transported vesicles/ S that buds off / from the side of structure R/ rough endoplasmic reticulum

E5-protien depart from structure R /RER wrapped in transport vesicles /S that buds off / form the side of structure R/RER

E6-These transport vesicles /S fused with the membrane of structure T / Golgi apparatus to be sorted and modified

E7-Modified protein is packed into secretory vesicle/ U

E8-Secretory vesicles/ U buds off from structure T / Golgi apparatus membrane and travel/sent to the plasma membrane

E9-Secretory vesicles / U will Release the modified protein /enzyme outside the cell (as extracellular enzyme

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The mechanism of enzyme action Trial Kedah 2012 Trial Kedah 2009 JUJ 2009

Substrate X


(a) What is the definition of enzyme?

P1-enzyme is an organic catalyst

P2-enzyme is a protein which speed up biochemical reaction in living thing

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P: enzyme S: Product

Q:substrate

R: Enzyme

substrate complex

Substrate Y

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(b) Name the structure

Name P ,Q, and S if the enzyme used is lipase

P:lipase

Q:fats

S:fatty acid and glycerol

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(c) Name P ,Q, and S if enzyme used is sucrase

P: sucrase

Q: sucrose

S; glucose/fructose

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(d) Explain why substrate Y, but not Substrate X, can combine with the enzyme

P1-substrate x does not have a specific active sites to fit into tha enzyme

P2-only Substrate Y , has shape which exactly fits into the enzyme

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(e) State the principle of enzymatic reaction as shown in Figure key and lock

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(f) The enzyme reaction is referred as the key lock hypothesis. Explain about hypothesis P1-enzyem has active site where inly certain molecules can fit in P2-substrate represents the key and enzyme represent the lock P3-when the substrate fit into (active sites of ) enzyme forming enzyme-substrate be complex P4-enzyme catalyst the substrate to form products ANY 3

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(g) A student carried out and experiment using enzyme X. he replaced lipid with maltose as the substrate. At the end of the experiment, he observed that there was no reaction P1-active site of the enzyme X is not complement to the shape of maltose P2-maltose cannot bind to enzyme X P3-no enzyme substrate complex is formed P4-maltose is not hydrolysed /broken down

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(h) A student carried out and experiment using enzyme X. he replaced lipid with maltose as the substrate. At the end of the experiment, he observed that there was no reaction P1-active site of the enzyme X is not complement to the shape of maltose P2-maltose cannot bind to enzyme X P3-no enzyme substrate complex is formed P4-maltose is not hydrolysed /broken down

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(a) Name organ X and organ Y Organ X : Small intestine //ileum Organ Y : liver

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(b) Name molecule K , molecule M and enzyme L Molecule K ; starch Molecule M : glucose Enzyme L : (pancreatic ) Amlyase

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Factor affecting the activity of enzyme Trail perils 2011


(a) State two factor affecting activities of enzymes/state two other factor affecting the enzyme activity

P1-temperature

P2-pH

P3-substrate concentration

P4-enzyme concentration

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The effect of temperature on the activity of enzyme Trial Johor 2011 Trial Kedah 2012 Trail Kelantan 2010

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Trail Kelantan 2008 Trial MRSM 2011 Trial Perak 2011 Trial Penang 2012 Trial Selangor 2008


(a)

Enzyme activity at high temperature Explain the above statement. E1: High temperature alter/changes the( three dimensional) shape of the active site of the enzyme molecules E2-Substrates thus can no longer fit into the active sites of the enzyme E3-the reaction cannot be carried out // substrate cannot be hydroylsed

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Explain the reaction of sucrose if the temperature of medium is 60oC

P1-60oC is high temperature

P2-At very high temperature the chemical bond that hold enzyme molecule together begi to break P3-Thus altering three dimensional shape of enzyme P4-Destroying active site of enzyme site of enzyme /enzyme denature MAX 3

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(b) Suggest what would happen if brand P washing powder is used with hot water (60oC-80

oC)

P1-Enzyme are protein P2-enzyme are denatured by the high temperature P3-Cleaning is less effective

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©

Compare the enzyme activity at high and low temperature Diagram shows the results of an experiment in which two similar shirts P and Q with same blood stain. the shirts were washed by using enzyme-containing washing powder at tow different temperature, 35

oCand 65

oC

Explain the result of washing the shirt in the diagram 35

oC : (shirt P Does not have blood satin remaining)

F:the rate of enzymatic activity is the highest P:35

oC is the optimum temperature

65

oC: (shirt Q has the larger amount of blood satin remaining)

F: the rate of enzymatic reaction is lower P:the enzyme must have been denatured at the high temperature

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Each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which its reaction rate is the fastest. beyond the optimum temperature an enzyme is said to be denatured

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(d) Explain why washing of shirt in P is more effective when used with warm water 30oC-40

oC

than cold water P1-Enzyme are less active at low temperature P2-Many enzyme have an optimum temperature range between 30

oC-40

oC

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(e) Enzyme activity at low temperature Explain the rate of enzyme reaction at low temperature and at the optimum temperature P1-At low temperature , the enzyme is inactive and the rate of reaction Is slow P2-at the optimum temperature, the enzyme is very active and the rate of enzyme reaction is at maximum

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(f)

Explain why food is kept in refrigerator? F: temperature of the refrigerator is low P1: Enzyme ( in bacteria) is inactive P2- food cannot be decomposed

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(g) Enzyme activity at optimum temperature A branded washing machine is provided with temperature regulator A Housewife uses the detergent containing enzyme at 40’C to wash the clothes .using the information given, explain why F:40’C is an optimum temperature P1-enzyme activity is maximum P2-the cleaning is more effective

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(h) Enzyme is used to wash away the blood stain on a shirt .explain how the enzyme acts on the blood stain at a maximum rate. F1-Use (warm) water with temperature of 37

oC

P1-optimum temperature for enzyme (activity)//enzymes work best this temperature

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(i) Draw a graph to show the effect of temperature on the activity of enzyme

Draw 1m(/) Label 1m(/) (ii) what is the optimum temperature for this reaction 37

oC

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All enzyme are protein .enzyme are sensitive to temperature (

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The effect of pH on the activity of enzyme


(a)

Explain the effect of pH on the mechanism of enzyme,in an acidic medium /Explain the reaction of sucrase if the pH value medium is 3

P1-excess hydrogen ions attach to the active site of the enzyme

P2-Cause ionic vharge on the activity site are altered

P3-substrate is unable ti bind to the enzyme /reaction cannot take place

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(b)

Starch ,protein and peptone can be hydrolyzed by enzyme amylase, pepsine and trypsin respectively

Diagram shows the effect of pH an the rate of enzyme activity

Based on the diagram , explain how the changes in pH affect the enzyme activity

P1-Enzyme are denature by changes in pH level of the reaction medium

P2-Each enzyme function actively at its optimum pH

P3-he enzyme salivary amylase functions at the optimum pH 7.0.

P4-it will become inactive when its reaction medium is too acidic or alkaline

P5-the optimum pH for pepsin is 1.5-2.0and trypsin is pH 8.5

P6-the changes in pH will cause the changes in the concentration of hydrogen ion (H+)or

hydroxyl ions (OH-)

P7-the excess hydrogen ions or hydroxyl ions destabilize enzymes by changing the shape of the active site

P8-enzyme stop functioning

P9-the effect of pH changes on the enzyme activity are reversible

P10-An enzyme which is inactive in a high pH will become active again when it is at its optimum pH

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(c) Enzyme is used to wash away the blood stain on a shirt Explain how the enzyme acts on the blood satin at a maximum rate P1-Add a little vinegar/acid ( in the water) P2-Enzyme /pepsin work best at this temperature OR P1-Add more soap/ alkali solution (in the water) P2-Enzyme/trypsin protease work best in an alkaline medium

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The effect of substrate concentration on the activity of enzymes Trial Melaka 2008 Trial perils 2011


(a)

Diagram show how the amount of an enzyme substrate and product change during seed germination

State which curve represents the amount of substrate Curve P

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(b) Explain your answer If the enzyme involved in the reaction is amylase, continue curve P in the box diagram 2.2 to shows what would happen when photosynthesis begins P1-curve P is plotted downward P2-this shows the amount of substrate is decreasing P33-this due to the substrate being hydrolyzed by the enzyme MAX 2

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(c)

(e)

Explain the shape of curve that you have drawn P1-when photosynthesis occur , shoot will start to produce sugars which is later store as starch P2-this increase in tha amount of substrate

Table 1 shows the enzyme –substrate complex molecule at Q where the concentration of the substrate is X%

P-1 R-1 Based on the graph in diagram 3.1, complete Diagram 3.2 by drawing the substrate molecule at region P and R

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(f)

Based on your drawing in diagram 3.2, explain the relationship of the substrate and enzyme molecule at region P and R P- P1-when the concentration of substrate increase, more substrate molecule bind to active sites of the enzyme P2-more product will be produced// the rate of reaction is directly propotional to the substrate concentration R: P3-after the maximum rate , all active sites of the enzyme molecule are filled/engaged P4-the rate of reaction become constant P5-the concentration of enzyme become the limiting factor

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(g)

If the concentration of enzyme increase, draw a line to show the enzyme activity in diagram 3.3

D-1

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(h) Explain your answer in (c) P1-When the enzyme concentration increases, more substrate will bind to the active site of enzyme P2-the rate of reaction increase

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(g) Which curve has a higher concentration of enzyme Curve P

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(h) Explain curve Q P1-Q has lower concentration of enzyme than P P2-when concentration of substrate increase, the rate of enzyme reaction increase until a limiting factor, where no enzyme –substrate complex is form

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(i) What is the limiting factor of both curve P and Q How can we increase the rate of enzyme reaction? P1-concentation of enzyme is the limiting factor

The use of enzyme in daily life and industries Trial Johor 2009 Trial Kedah 2012 Trial Penang 2012


(a)

Give one example of a biological enzyme of biological enzyme that can be added to washing powder Explain the action of this enzyme F1-Protease/Lipase/Amylase P2-to breakdown//dissolve/hydrolyses protein stain /fat stain / starch stain

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(b) Name the enzyme present in washing powder to remove blood stain Amylase/protease/lipase

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(c) Suggest one type of enzyme would need to be present in a washing powder design to remove blood stain lipase/protease

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Q

Biological enzyme are added to the washing power to boost its effectiveness

SULIT 4551/2




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(d)

Give two example of enzyme present in biological washing powder that helps in the removal of food stain from the clothing. State one function of each of the named enzyme F1-Amylase- P1-to hydrolyse starch stains F1-Lipase P2-to break down oily stains F3-Protease P3-to hydrolyse protein stain ANY 4 F+P

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(e) Enzyme is widely used in daily life and in industries. explain the use of enzyme in the process of extracting agar from seaweed P1- Cellulase is added P2-to digest the cell wall of the seaweed to extract agar

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(f) A chef marinate meat with pineapple for 30 minutes before he cook the meat. Explain why

P1-protease/bromelian in fresh pineapple

P2-can be used to hydrolyse /tenderize the protein in the meat

P3-the meat is marinated with pineapple slices fro 30 minutes to give time for enzyme react

with protein in the meat ANY2

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(g) Enzymes are widely used in our daily life and industries.

Explain how enzymes act in : To get rid of stains on cloth: F1- biological detergents contain proteases, amylases and lipases P1- proteases acts on stains containing proteins / blood / saliva P2- amylases acts on stains containing starch / sauces / ice cream/ gravy P3- lipases are effective in removing oil and grease Helping to cook meat: F2 – Protease acts on protein in meat P4 – tenderize / softens meat

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(h) Explain example of the application of enzymes in cereal grains product industry P1-lipase E1-Ripening cheese OR P2-Rennin E2-Solidify milk potien MAX 2

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