SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

Chapter 1: Principles of Drug Action and Disposition

Bowman, W.C. and Rand, M.J. (1980) Textbook of Pharmacology, 2nd edn (Blackwell Scientific, Oxford), pp. 39.1-39.13

LaDu, B.N., Mandel, H.G. and Way, E.L. (eds) (1971) Fundamentals of Drug Metabolism and Drug Disposition (Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore)

Lodish, H.F. and James, E. (1979) 'The Assembly of Cell-membranes', Scientific American, 240 (1),48-63

Saunders, L. (1974) The Absorption and Distribution of Drugs (Balliere Tindall, London)

Chapter 2: Elementary Pharamacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Atkinson, A.J. and Kushner, W. (1979) 'Clinical Pharmacokinetics', Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 19, 105-127

Curry, S.H. (1980) Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics (Blackwell Scientific, Oxford)

Gladtke, E. and von Hattingberg, H.M. (Trans. P.J. Wilkinson) (1970) Pharmaco­kinetics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin)

Notari, R.E. (1980) Biopharmaceutics and Ginical Pharmacokinetics (Marcel Dekker, New York)

Rowland, M. and Tucker, G. (1982) 'Symbols in Pharmacokinetics', Br. J. Gin. Pharmacol., 14,7-13

Tognoni, G., Bellantuono, C., Bonati, M. et al. (1980) 'Clinical Relevance of Pharmacokinetics', Gin. Pharmacokinet., 5, 105-136

Chapter 3: The Pharmacology of the Fetus and Placenta

Boyd, J.D. and Hamilton, W.J. (1970) The Human Placenta (W. Heffer and Sons, Cambridge)

Dawes, G.S. (1973) 'A Theoretical Analysis of Fetal Drug Equilibrium', in Fetal Pharmacology (ed. L.O. Boreus, Raven Press, New York), pp. 381-399

Levy, G. and Hayton, W.L. (1973) 'Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Placental Drug Transfer', in Fetal Pharmacology (ed. L.O. Boreus, Raven Press, New York), pp.29-39

Rudolph, A.M., Heymann, M.A., Teramo, K.A.W., Barrett, C.T. and Riiha, N.C.R. (1971) 'Studies in the Circulation of the Previable Human Fetus', Pediat. Res., 15,452-465

381

382 Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 4: The Pharmacology of the Perinatal Period

Aranda, J.V., Turmen, T. and Sasyniuk, B.1. (1980) 'Pharmacokinetics of Diuretics and Methylxanthines in the Neonate', Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 18, 55~3

Berman, W., Dubynsky, 0., Whitman, V., Friedman, Z. and Maisels, M.J. (1978) 'Digoxin Therapy in Low Birth Weight Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus', J. Pediat, 93, 652~55

Dutton, G.J. (1978) 'Development Aspects of Drug Conjugation, with Special Reference to Glucuronidation' , Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 18, 18-35

Eichenwald, H. and McCracken, G.H. (1978) 'Antimicrobial Therapy in Infants and Children', J. Pediat., 93,337-377

Evans, M.A., Bhat, R., Vidyasaquak, D., Vadapalli, M., Fisher, E. and Hastreiter, A. (1979) 'Gestational Age and Indomethacin Elimination in the Neonate', Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, 746-751

Green, T.P., O'Dean, R.F. and Mirkin, B.L. (1979) 'Determinants of Drug Disposi­tion and Effect in the Fetus', Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 19, 285-322

Heimann, G. and Gladjke, F. (1977) 'Pharmacokinetics of Phenobarbital in Child­hood', Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 12, 305-310

Hook, J.B. and Bailie, M.D. (1979) 'Perinatal Renal Pharmacology', Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 19,491-509

McCracken, G., Ginsberg, G., Chraive, D.F., Thomas, M.I., and Horton, I.J. (1973) 'Clinical Pharmacology of Penicillin in Newborn Infants',J. Pediat., 82, 692-698

Chapter 5: The Pharmacology of the Older Child

Altman, P.L. and Dittmer, D.S. (1962) Growth, Including Reproduction and Morphological Development (Federation of American Societies for Experi­mental Biology, Washington)

Friis-Hansen, B. (1961) 'Body Water Compartments in Children: Changes During Growth and Related Changes in Body-composition', Paediatrics, 28, 169-181

Falkner, F. and Tanner, J.M. (1978) Human Growth:· 2: Post-natal Growth (Plenum 'Press, New York)

Morselli, P.L., Franco-Morselli, R. and Bossi, L. (1980) 'Clinical Pharmacokinetics in Newborns and Infants', Clin. Pharmacokinet., 5,485-527

Stewart Forsyth, J., Moreland, T.A: and Rylance, G.W. (1982) 'The Effects of Fever on Antipyrine Metabolism in Children', Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 13, 811-815

Williams, R.L. and Benet, L.Z. (1980) 'Drug Pharmacokinetics in Cardiac and Hepatic Disease',Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 20, 389-413

Chapter 6: The Central Nervous System Anatomy and Organisation Bonati, M., Kanto, J. and Tognoni, G. (1982) 'Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Spinal

Fluid', Clin. Pharmacokinet., 7,312-335 Johnston, M.V. and Singer, H.S. (1982) 'Brain Neurotransmitters and Neuro­

modulators in Pediatrics', Pediatrics, 70, 51~8

Suggestions for Further Reading 383

Nauta, W.J.H. and Fiertag, M. (1979) 'The Organizati.on .of the Brain', Scientific American, 241 (3),78-105

Nathans.on, J.A. (1977) 'Cyclic Nucle.otides and Nerv.ous System Functi.on', Physiol. Rev., 57, 157-256

Stevens, C.F. (1979) 'The Neuron', Scientific American, 241 (3),49-70

Psycho trophic Drugs

DeL.ong, R. (1978) 'Lithium Carb.onate Treatment .of Select Behavi.our Dis.orders in Children Suggesting Manic-depressive Dis.orders', J. Pediat., 93, 689-<i94

Frommer, E.A. (1967) 'Treatment .of Childh.o.od Depressi.on with Anti-depressant Drugs', Br. Med. J., i, 729-732

Jorgens.on, O.S., L.ober, M., Christiansen, J. and Gram, L.F. (1980) 'Plasma C.oncentrati.on and Clinical Effect in Imipramine Treatment of Childh.o.od Enuresis', Gin. Pharmacokinet., 5, 386-393

McIntyre, I.M., N.orman, T.R., Burr.ows, G.D. and Maguire, K.P. (1982) 'Phar­mac.okinetics .of N.omifensine after a Single D.ose', Br. J. Pharmacol., 13, 740-743

R.obins.on, D.S., Nies, A., Ravaris, c.L., Ives, J.O. and Bartlett, D. (1978) 'Clinical Psych()pharmac.ol.ogy .of Phenelzine: MAO Activity and Clinical Resp.onse', in Psychopharmacology, a Generation of Progress (eds Lipton, M.A., de Masci.o, A. and Killam, K.F., Raven Press, New Y.ork), pp. 961-973

R.osenbaum; J.F. (1982) 'The Drug Treatment .of Anxiety', New Engl. J. Med., 306,401-404

Sedatives and Hypnotics Breimer, D.D. (1979) 'Clinical Pharmac.ol.ogy .of Hypn.otics', Gin. Pharmacokinet.,

2,93-96 Gillin, J.C., Mendels.on, W.B., Sitaram, N. and Wyatt, R.J. (1978) 'Neur.opharma­

c.ol.ogy .of Sleep and Wakefulness!, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 18,563-579

Analgesics

Ahlstrom, B.D., B.olme, P., N.oack, G. and Paalz.ow, L. (1979) 'M.orphine Kinetics in Children', Gin. Pharmacol. Ther., 26,354-365

Beaver, W. T. (1966) 'Mild Analgesics. - a Review .of Their Clinical Pharmac.ol.ogy', Am. 1. med. Sci., 250, 577-<i04

D.one, A.K., Yaffe, S.J. and Clayt.on, J.M. (1979) 'Aspirin D.osage f.or Infants and Children', J. Pediat., 95, 617-<i25

Levy, G. (1978) 'Clinical Pharmac.okinetics .of Aspirin', Pediatrics, 62,867-872 Mather, L.E. and Meffin, P.J. (1978) 'Clinical Pharmac.okinetics: Pethidine', CUn.

Pharmacokinet., 3, 352-368 Murphree, H.B. (1962) 'Clinical Pharmac.ol.ogy .of P.otent Analgesics', Gin.

Pharmacol. Ther., 3,473-504 Peters.on, R.G. and Rumack, B.H. (1978) 'Pharmac.okinetics .of Acetaminophen in

Children', Pediatrics, 62, 877 -879 Sim.on, E.J. and Hiller, J.M. (1978) 'The Opiate Recept.ors',Ann. Rev. Pharmacol.

Toxicol., 18,371-393

384 Suggestions for Further Reading

The An ticonvulsants Brown, J.K. (1973) 'Convulsions in the Newborn Period', Devel. Med. Child

Neurol., 15,823-846 Jeavons, P.M., Oark, J.E. and Maheshwarik, M.C. (1977) 'Treatment of General­

ized Epilepsies of Childhood and Adolescence with Sodium Valproate(Epilim)', Devel. Med. Child Neurol., 19, 8-25

Livingston, S. (1972) Comprehensive Management of Epilepsy in Infancy, Child­hood and Adolescence (Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Dlinois)

Anaesthesia Oements, J.A., Nimmo, W.S. and Grant, I.S. (1982) 'Bioavailability, Pharmaco­

kinetics and Analgesic Activity of Ketarnine in Humans', J. pharm. Sci., 71, 539-541

Fiserova-Bergerova, A. and Holaday, D.A. (1979) 'Uptake and Oearance of Inhalation Anaesthetics in Man', Drug Metab. Rev., 9,43-60

Ghoneim, M.M. and Korttila, K. (1977) 'Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Anaes­thetics: Duplications for Oinical Use', Gin. Pharmacokinet., 2, 344-372

Koblin, D.D. and Eger, E.I. (1979) 'Theories of Narcosis', New Engl. J. Med., 301, 1222-1224

Mihaly, G.W., Moore, R.G., Thomas, J., Triggs, E.J., Thomas, D. and Shanks, C.A. (1978) 'The Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Anilide Local Anaesthe­tics in Neonates: I. Lignocaine', Eur. J. Gin. Pharmacol., 13, 143-152

Ngai, S.H. (1980) 'Effects of Anesthetics on Various Organs', New Engl. J. Med., 130,564-566

Roth, S.H. (1979) 'Physical Mechanisms of Anaesthesia', Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 19, 159-178

Chapter 7: The Peripheral Nervous System

Acheson, G.H. (ed.) (1966) 'Second Symposium on Catecholamines', Pharmaco­logical Reviews, 18 (1), pp. 1-803

Brimblecombe, R.W. (1974) Drug Actions on Cholinergic Systems (University Park Press, Baltimore)

Biilbring, E. (ed.) (1979) 'Smooth Muscle', Br. Med. Bull., 35, 3-35 Bum, J.H. and Rand, M.J. (1965) 'Acetylcholine in Adrenergic Transmission',

Ann. Rev. Ph{lrmacol. Toxicol., 5, 163-182 Goldberg, L.I., Volkman, P.H. and "Kohli, J.D. (1978) 'A Comparison of the

Vascular Dopamine Receptors with Other Dopamine Receptors', Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 18,57-80

Kunds, G. (1978) 'Adrenoceptors', Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 18,291-312 Mitchell, G.A.G. (1953) Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System (Living­

stone, Edinburgh) Purves, D. and Lichtman, J.W. (1978) 'Formation and Maintenance of Synaptic

Connections in Autonomic Ganglia', Physiol. Rev., 58,821-857

Suggestions/or Further Reading 385

Chapter 8: The Cardiovascular System

Cardiac Function

Fabiato, A. and Fabiato, F. (1979) 'Calcium and Cardiac Excitation', Ann. Rev. Physial., 41,473-484

Maxwell, G.M. (1977) Principles af Pediatrics (University of Queensland Press, Brisbane)

Williamson, J.R. (1979) 'Mitochondrial Function of the Heart',Ann. Rev. Physial., 41,485-506

Zelis, R., Flaim, S.F., Liedtke, J. and Nellis; S.H. (1981) 'Cardiocirculatory Dynamics in the Normal and Failing Human Heart', Ann. Rev. Physial., 43, 455-476

Cardiotonics Chatterjee, K. and Parmley, W.W. (1980) 'Vasodilators for Chronic Heart Failure',

Ann. Rev. Pharmacal. Taxical., 20,475-512 Dillon, T.R., Janos, G.G., Meyer, R.A., Benzing, G. and Kaplan, S. (1980) 'Vaso­

dilator Therapy for Congestive Heart Failure', J. Pediat., 96,623-629 Franciosa, J.A., Silverstein, S.R. and Wilen, M. (1982) 'Haemodynamic Effects of

Nitroprusside and Furosemide in Left Ventricular Failure', Qin. Pharmacal. Ther., 32,62-69

Cardiotoxics Johnson, G.1., Desai, N.S., Pauly, T.H. and Cunningham, M.D. (1982) 'Complica­

tions Associated with Digoxin Therapy in Low Birth-weight Infants', Pedia­trics, 69, 463-465

Larese, R.J. and Mirkin, B.1. (1974) 'Kinetics of Digoxin Absorption and Rela­tion of Serum Levels to Cardiac Arrhythmias in Children', Qin. Pharmacal. Ther., 15,387-395

Nyberg, 1. and Wettrell, G. (1978) 'Digoxin Dosage Schedules for Neonates and Infants Based on Pharmacokinetic Considerations', Qin. Pharmacakinet., 3, 453-461

Cardiac Arrhy thmias

Benson, D.W., Smith, W.M., Dunnigan, A., Sterba, R. and Gallagher, J.J. (1982) 'Mechanisms of Regular, Wide QRS Tachycardia in Infants and Children', Am. J. Cardial., 49, 1778-1787

Garson, A., Gillette, P.e. and McNamara, D.G. (1981) 'Supraventricular Tachy­cardia in Children', J. Pediat., 98,875-882

Irisawa, H. (1978) 'Comparative Physiology of the Cardiac Pacemaker Mechan­ism', Physial. Rev., 58,461-498

Kannan, R., Nademanee, K., Hendrickson, J.A., Rostami, H.J. and Singh, B.N. (1982) 'Amiodarone Kinetics after Oral Doses', Qin. Pharmacal. Ther., 31, 438-445

Sapire, D.W., O'Riordan, A.C. and Black, I.F.S. (1981) 'Safety and Efficiency of Short and Long-term Verapamil Therapy in Children with Tachycardia', Am. J. Cardial., 48, 1091-1094

Zipes, D.P. and Troup, P.J. (1978) 'New Antiarrhythmic Agents: Amiodarone, Apdrinine, Disopyramide, Ethinozen, Mexiletine, Tocainide, Verapamil', Am. J. Cardial., 41,1005-1021

386 Suggestions for Further Reading

Treatment of Hypertension 'Report of Task-force on Blood PresSure Control in Children' (1977) Pediatrics,

59,115, Suppl., 797-820 Duchin, K.L., Singhui, S.M., Willard, D.A., Migdalof, B.M. and McKinstry, D.N.

(1982) 'Captopril Kinetics', Qin. Pharmacol. Ther., 31,452-459 Frideman, A., Chesney, K.W., Ball, D. and Goodfriend, T. (1980) 'Effective Use

of Captopril in Severe Childhood Hypertension', J. Pediat., 97, 664-{;67 Shand, D.G. (1975) 'Drug Therapy - Propranolol', New Engl. J. Med., 293, 280-

285

Chapter 9: The Alimentary System

Ament, M.E. (1975) 'Inflammatory Disease of the Colon', J. Pediat., 86, 322-334 Boyd, E.J.S. and Wormsley, K.G. (1982) 'Clinical Assessment of Anti-secretory

Drugs in Man', Br. J. Qin. Pharmacol., 14, 15-23 Bradbear, R.S., Shepherd, R.W., Grice, J., O'Toole, J. and Roberts, R.K. (1982)

'Cimetidine Use in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: Inhibition of Hepatic Drug Metbolism', J. Pediat., 100, 325-327

Grand, R.J. and Homer, D.H. (1975) 'Approaches to Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood and Adolescence', Pediat. Qin. N. Am., 22,835-850

Pavcorbo, S., Bugrick, M.P., Chin, T.W.F., Miller, K.W. and Onstad, G. (1982) 'Cimetidine Dynamics after Single Intravenous Doses', Qin. Pharmacol. Ther., 31,83-89

Peterson, W.L. (1977) 'Antacids in Peptic and Esophageal Disease', New Engl. J. Med., 297, 341-345

Van Hecken, A.M., Tjandramaga, T.B., Mullie, A., Van Besselt, R.M. and Des­chepter, P.J. (1982) 'Ranitidine: Single Dose Pharmacokinetics and Absolute Bioavailability in Man', Br. J. Qin. Pharmacol., 14,195-200

Chapter 10: The Respiratory System

Davies, D.S. (1982) 'Pharmacokinetic Studies with Inhaled Drugs', Eur. J. Resp. Dis., Suppl. 119,63

Godfrey, S. and Kong, P. (1975) 'Suppression of Exercise-induced Asthma by Salbutamol, Theophylline, Atropine, Cromolyn and Placebo in a Group of Asthmatic Children', Pediatrics, 56, 930-934

Klein, R., Waldman, D., Kershnar, H., Berger, W., Coulson, A., Katz, R.M., Rachelefsky, G.S. and Siegel, S.C. (1977) 'Treatment of Childhood Chronic Asthma with Bec1omethasone Dipropionate Aerosol', Pediatrics, 60,7-13

Kraemer, M.J., Furukawa, C.T., Koup, J.R., Shapiro, G.G., Pierson, W.E. and Bierman, C.W. (1982) 'Altered Theophylline Clearance During an Influenza B Outbreak', Pediatrics, 69,476-480

Leffert, F. (1980) 'Management of Chronic Asthma', J. Pediat., 97,875-885 Marlin. G.E., Bush, D.E. and Berend, N. (1978) 'Comparison of Ipratropium

Bromide and Fenoterol in Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis', Br. J. Pharmacol., 6,547-548

Rachelefsky, G.S., Katz, R.M. and Siegel, S.C. (1982) 'Oral Albuterol in the

Suggestions for Further Reading 387

Treatment of Childhood Asthma', Pediatrics, 69,397-403 Rodenstein, D., DeCoster, A. and Gazzaniga, A. (1980) 'Pharmacokinetics of

Oral Acetyl-cysteine: Absorption, Binding and Metabolism in Patients with Respiratory Disorders', Eur. J. Resp. Dis., Suppl. 111,59-60

Rose, 1.0., Nickelsen, J.A., Ellis, E.F., Middleton, E. and Jusko, W.J. (1981) 'Prednisolone Disposition in Steroid-dependent Asthmatic Children', J. Allergy Qin. Immunol., 67,188-193

Van Dellen, R.G. (1979) 'Clinical Pharmacology - Theophylline', Mayo Qin. Proc., 54,733-745

Weinberger, M., Hendeles, L., Wong, L. and Vaughan, L. (1981) 'Relationship of Formulation and Dosing Interval to Fluctuation of Serum Theophylline Concentrations of Children with Asthma', J. Pediat., 99, 145-152

Chapter 11: The Urinary System

Dillon, M.L (1980) 'Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System', Eur. J. Qin. Pharo macol., 18, 105-108

Griffin, N.K., McElnea, J. and Barratt, T.M. (1976) 'Acute Renal Failure in Early Life',Arch. Dis. Childh., 51,459

Jordan, S.C. and Lemire, LM. (1982) 'Acute Glomerulo-nephritis', Pediat. Qin. N. Am., 29,857-873

Reidenberg, M.M. and Drayer, D.E. (1980) 'Drug Therapy in Renal Failure',Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 20,45-54

Roberts, C.J.C. and Daneshmend, T.K. (1981) 'Assessment of Natriuretic Drugs', Br. J. Qin. Pharmacol., 12,465-474

Robertson, J.M. (1982) 'The Lower Urinary Tract', Br. J. Qin. Pharmacol., 13, 761-773

Chapter 12: The Haemopoietic System

Callender, S.T. (1982) 'Treatment of Iron Deficiency', Qin. Haematal., 2, 327-338

Coon, W.W. and Willis, P.W. (1970) 'Some Aspects of the Pharmacology of Anti­coagulants', Qin. Pharmacal. Ther., 2, 312-329

Finch, C.A. and Huebers, H. (1982) 'Perspectives in Iron Metabolism', New Engl. J. Med., 306, 1520-1528

Hedenberg, L. (1969) 'Studies on Iron Metabolism with Desferrioxamine in Man', Scand. J. Haematol., Suppl. 6,

Mahony, C., Wolfram, K.M., Cocchetto, D.M. and Bjornsson, T.D. (1982) 'Di­pyridamole Kinetics', Qin. Pharmacol. Ther., 31,330-337

Miller, D.R. (1980) 'Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia', Pediat. Clin. N. Am., 27, 269-291

Sharma, G.V.R.K., Cella, G., Parisi, A.F. and Sasahara, A.A. (1982) 'Thrombo­lytic Therapy', New Engl. J. Med., 306, 1268-1276

Stokstad, E.L.R. and Koch, I. (1967) 'Folic Acid Metabolism', Physiol. Rev., 47, 83-109

Weiss, H.L (1978) 'Antiplatelet Therapy', New Engl. J. Med., 298, 1344-1347

388 Suggestions for Further Reading

Wessler, S. and Gitel, S.N. (1979) 'Heparin: New Concepts Relevant to Clinical Use', Blood, 53, 525-537

Chapter 13: The Endocrine System Hypothalamus and Pituitary Bateman, D.N., Dahn, C., Mashiter, I. and Davies, D.S. (1978) 'Pharmacokinetic

and Concentration-Effect Studies with Intravenous Metoc1opramide', Dr. J. Qin. Pharm., 6,401-407

Grossman, A., Nieuwenhuyzen Kruseman, A.C., Perry, L., Tomlin, S., Schally, A.V., Coy, D.H., Rees, L.H., Comaru-Schally, A-M. and Besser, G.M. (1982) 'New Hypothalamic Hormone, Corticotrophin-releasing Factor Specifically Stimulates the Release of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Cortisol in Man', Lancet, i,921-922

Kelch, R.P., Oemens, L.E., Markovs, M., Westhoff, M.H. and Hawkins, D.W. (1975) 'Metabolism and Effects of Synthetic Gonadotrophin-releasing Hor­mone (GnRH) in Children and Adults',J. Qin. Endocr., 40,53-61

Meites, J. and Sonntag, W.E. (1981) 'Hypothalamic Hypophysiotropic Hormones and Neurotransmitter Regulation: Current Views', Ann. Rev. Pharm. Toxicol., 21,295-322

Parks, J.S., Snyder, P.S., Utiger, R.D., Moshang, T. and Bongiovanni, A.M. (1973) 'Thyrotropin and Thyroidal Responses to Consecutive Doses of Thyrotropin­releasing Hormone',J. Qin. Endocr., 37,466-470

The Adrenal Gland Forsyth, C.C. (1981) 'Growth and Development of the Adrenal Cortex', in

Scientific Foundations of Paediatrics, 2nd edn (eds Davis, J.A. and Dobbing, J., Heinemann, London), pp. 660-691

Green, O.G., Winter, R.H., Kawahara, F.S., Phillips, L.S., Lewy, P.R., Hart, R.L. and Pachman, L.M. (1978) 'Pharmacokinetic Studies of Prednisolone in Children', J. Pediat., 93,299-303

Pickup, M.E. (1979) 'Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Prednisone and Prednisolone', Qin. Pharmacokinet., 4, 111-128

Swartz, S.L. and Dluhy, R.G. (1978) 'Corticosteroids: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Use', Drugs, 16, 235-255

The Thyroid Brennan, M.D. (1980) 'Clinical Pharmacology: Thyroid Hormones', Mayo Qin.

Proc., 15,33-44 Collen, R.J., Landau, E.M., Kaplan, S.A. and Lippe, B.M. (1980) 'Remission

Rates of Children and Adolescents Treated with Anti-thyroid Drugs', Pedia· tries, 65,550-556

Skellem, G.G., Knight, B.I., Low, C.K.L., Alexander, W.D., McLarty, D.G. and Kalk, W.J. (1980) 'The Pharmacokinetics of Methmazole after Oral Admini­stration of Carbimazole and Methimazole in Hyperthyroid Patients', Br. J. Qin. Pharm., 9,137-143

The Endocrine Pancreas Alford, F.J., Bloom, S.R. and Nabarro, J.D.N. (1976) 'Glucagon Metabolism in

Suggestions for Further Reading 389

Man. Studies on the Metabolic Clearance Rate and Plasma Acute Disappear­ance Time of Glucagon in Normal and Diabetic Subjects', J. Clin. Endocr., 42, 830-838

Frost, D.P., Srivastava, M.C., Jones, R.H., Nabarro, J.D.N. and Sonksen, P.H. (1973) 'The Kinetics of Insulin Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus', Postgrad. Med. J., (December suppl.), 49,949-954

K¢lendorf, I. and Bojsen, J. (1982) 'Kinetics of Subcutaneous NPH Insulin in Diabetes', Gin. Pharmacol. Ther., 31,494-501

Kovisto, V. and Felig, P. (1980) 'Alterations in Insulin Absorption and in Blood Glucose Control Associated with Varying Insulin Injection Sites in Diabetic Patients', Ann. Intern. Med., 92,59-61

Ungar, R.H. and Orci, L. (1981) 'Glucagon and the A-cell: Physiology and Patho­physiology', New Engl. J. Med., 304, 1518-1524

Anabolic Steroids Kelly, V.C. and Ruvalcaba, R.H.A. (1982) 'Use of Anabolic Agents in Treatment

of Short Children', Gin. Endoc. Metab., 11, 26-39 Shahidi, N.T. (1973) 'Androgens and Erythropoiesis', New Engl. J. Med., 289,

72-80

Calcium Metabolism Chan, J.C.M., Oldham, S.B. and DeLuca, H.F. (1977) 'Effectiveness of la-Hydroxy

Vitamin D3 in Children with Renal Osteodystrophy Associated with Hemodia­lysis', J. Pediat., 90,820-824

DeLuca, H.F. (1980) 'Vitamin D Revisited - 1980', Gin. Endoc. Metab., 9, 3-26

Norman, M.W. (1982) 'Vitamin D in Bone Disease', Pediat. Gin. N. Am., 29, 947-971

Reeve, J. (1979) 'Therapeutic Applications of Vitamin D Analogues', Br. Med. J., ii, 888-890

Chapter 14: The Pharmacology of the Skin

Committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics (1977) 'Topical Antibiotics', Pediatrics, 59, 1041-1042

Melski, J.W. and Arndt, K.A. (1980) 'Topical Treatment for Acne', New Engl. J. Med., 302,503-506

Montagna, W. and Lobitz, w.e. (1964) The Epidermis (Academic Press, New York)

Schmidt, L.M. (1978) 'Topical Dermatological Therapy for the Pediatrician', Pediat. Gin. N. Am., 25, 191-208

Verbov, J. (1979) Modern Topics in Paediatric Dermatology: General Review (Heinemann Medical, London)

Wuepper, K.D., Holbrook, X.A., Pinnell, S.R. and Vitto, J. (1982) 'Structural Elements of the Dermis', J. Invest. Derm., 79, Suppl., 2-160

390 Suggestions/or Further Reading

Chapter 15: The Pharmacology of the Eye

Calissendorff, G.A. van, B., Seideman, P., Widmark, K. and Widmark, G. (1980) 'Absorption of Ocular Timolol', Oin. Pharmacokinet., 5, 95-100

Gardiner, P., MacKeith, R. and Smith, V. (eds) (1969) 'Aspects of Developmental and Paediatric Ophthalmology', Oinics in Developmental Medicine No. 32, (S.I.M.P. and Heinemann Medical, London)

Schwartz, B. (1978) 'The Glaucomas', New Engl. J. Med., 299, 182-184

Chapter 16: General and Specifjc Chemotherapy The Sulphonamides Springer, c., Eyal, F. and Michel, J. (1982) 'Pharmacology of Tri-methoprim/

Sulfamethoxazole in Newborn Infants', J. Pediat., 100,647-650 Watson, I.D., Cotten, H.N., Stewart, M.J., McIntosh, S.J., Shenkin, A. and Thom­

son, J.A. (1982) 'Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Co-trifamole and Co­trimoxazole to Steady State in Normal Subjects', Br. J. Qin. Pharm., 14, 437-443

Weidekamm, E., Plozza-Nottebrock, H., Forgo, I. and Dubach, U.C. (1982) 'Plasma Concentrations of Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine and Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Data', Bull. Wid. Hlth Org., 60,115-128

Weinstein, L., Madoff, M.A. and Samet, C.A. (1960) 'The Sulfonamides', New Engl. J. Med., 263, 793-800, 842-849, 900-907

The Penicillins and Cephalosporins Brogan, R.N., Carmine, A., Heel, R.C., Morley, P.A., Speight, T.M. and Avery,

G.S. (1981) 'Amoxicillin/Oavulanic Acid: a Review of its Antibacterial Activity, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Use', Drugs, 22, 337-362

Feldman, W.E., Nelson, J.D. and Stanberry, L.R. (1978) 'Oinical and Pharmaco-kinetic Evaluation of Nafcillin in Infants and Children', J. Pediat., 96, 1029-1033

Garborg, o. (1981) Mecillinam in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Children', Qin. Phar­macokinet., 6,475-479

Ginsburg, C.M., McCracken, G.H. and Zweighaft, T.H. (1982) 'Serum Penicillin Concentrations After Intramuscular Administration of Benzathine Penicillin G in Children', Pediatrics, 69,452-454

Granneman, G.R., Sennello, L.T., Sonders, R.C., Wynne, B. and Thomas, E.W. (1982) 'Cefsuldoin Kinetics in Healthy Subjects After Intramuscular and Intra­venous Injection', Qin. Pharmacol. Ther., 31,95-104

Leroy, A., Humbert, G., Godin, M. and Fillastre, J.P. (1980) 'Pharmacokinetics of Azlocillin in Subjects with Normal and Impaired Renal Function', Antimicrob. Agents OIemother., 17, 344-349

Nahata, M.C., Durrell, D.E. and Barson, W.J. (1982) 'Moxalactam Epimer Kinetics in Children', Qin. Pharmacol. Ther., 31,528-532

Nightingale, C.H., Greene, D.S. and Quintiliani, R. (1975) 'Pharmacokinetics and Oinical Use of Cephalosporin Antibiotics',J. Pharm. Sci., 64, 1899-1927

The Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Counts, G.W., Blair, A.D., Wagner, K.F. and Turck, M. (1982) 'Gentamicin and

Suggestions for Further Reading 391

Tobramycin Kinetics', Qin. Pharm. Ther., 31,662-665 Siber, G.R., Echeverria, P. and Smith, A.L. (1975) 'Pharmacokinetics of Genta­

micin in Children and Aduits',J. Infect. Dis., 132,637-651 Voge1stein, B., Kowarski, A.A. and Kietman, P.S. (1977) 'The Pharmacokinetics

of Amikacin in Children', J. Pediat., 91,333-339

Chloramphenicol Friedman, C.A., Lovejoy, F .C. and Smith, A.L. (1979) 'Chloramphenicol Disposi-

tion in Infants and Children', J. Pediat., 95,1071-1077 Lietman, P.S. (1981) 'Oral Chloramphenicol Thcrapy', J. Pediat., 99,905-906

The Macrolide Antibiotics Josefsson, K., Steinbakk, M., Bergan, T., Midtvedt, T. and Magni, L. (1982)

'Pharmacokinetics of a New Microencapsulated Erythromycin Base after Repeated Oral Doses', Chemotherapy, 28, 176-184

Patamasucon, P., Kaojarern, S., Kusmiesz, H. and Nelson, J.D. (1981) 'Pharmaco­kinetics of Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate and Estolate in Infants under 4 Months of Age',Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 19,736-739

Schaad, V.B., McCracken, G.H. and Nelson, J.D. (1980) 'Clinical Pharmacology and Efficacy of Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients',J. Pediat., 96, 119-126

Treatment of Gram-Negative Infections Jager-Roman, E., Doyle, P.E., Baird-Lambert, J. and Buchanan, N. (1982) 'Phar­

macokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Metronidazole in the Newborn Infant', J. Pediat., 100,651-654

Joiner, K., Lowe, B., Dzink, J. and Bartlett, J.G. (1982) 'Comparative Efficacy of 10 Anti-microbial Agents in Experimental Infections with Bacterioides fra­giUs',J. Infect. Dis., 145,561-565

Anti-tuberculous Agents Acocella, J. (1978) 'Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Rifampicin', Qin. Pharmaco­

kinet., 3, 108-127 British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Association (1975) 'Short-course Chemo­

therapy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis', Lancet, i, 119-124

Anti-leprotics Shepard, C.C. (1966) 'Chemotherapy of Leprosy', Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.,

9,37-50

Anti-fungal Agents Editorial (1982) 'Ketaconazole', Lancet, i, 319 Polak, A. (1979) 'Pharmacokinetcs of Amphotericin Band Glucytosine', Post·

grad. Med. J., 55,667-670 Smith, R.A., Sidwell, R.W. and Robins, R.K. (1980) 'Anti-viral Agents', Ann.

Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 20, 259-284

Anti-protozoal Agents Dawson, M., Allen, R.J. and Watson, T.R. (1982) 'The Pharmacokinetics and

Bio-availability of Mebendazole in Man', Br. J. Qin. Pharmacol., 14,453-455

392 Suggestions for Further Reading

Gilles, H.M. (1966) 'Malaria in Children',Br. Med. J., ii, 1375-1378 World Health Organization (1973) 'Chemotherapy of Malaria and Resistance to

Anti-malarials', Technical Report 529 (WHO, Geneva)

Neoplasia Bender, R.A., Zwelling, L.A., Doroshaw, J.H., Lockyer, G.Y., Hande, K.R.,

Murinson, D.S., Cohen, M., Myers, C.E. and Chabner, B.A. (1978) 'Antineo­plastic Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Use', Drugs, 16,46-87

Hollenberg, J.S. and Camitta, B.M. (1981) 'Recent Approaches to the Treatment of Acute Lymphocyte Leukaemia in Childhood', Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 21,231-249

Sladek, N.E., Priest, J., Doeden, D., Mirocha, C.J. and Krivit, W. (1980) 'Plasma Half-life and Urinary Excretion of Cyclophosphamide in Children', Cancer Treatment Reports, 64,1061-1066

Chapter 17: Immunity and its Modification by Drugs

Asherson, G.L. and Webster, A.D.B. (1980) Diagnosis and Treatment of 1mmuno· deficiency Diseases (Blackwell Scientific, Oxford)

Barrett, A.J., Kandra, J.R., Lucas, C.F., Joss, D.V., Joshi, R., Penharkar, P. and Hugh-Jones, K. (1982) 'Cyclosporin A as Prophylaxis Against Graft-versus­host Disease in 36 Patients', Br. Med. J., 285, 162-166

Fabre, J.W. (1982) 'Monoclonal and Anti-lymphocyte Antibodies as Immuno­suppressive Reagents for Clinical Practice', Proceedings Royal Society of Edinburgh, 81D, 247-259

Foreman, J.C. (1981) 'The Pharmacological Control of Immediate Hypersensiti­vity', Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 21,63-81

McDevitt, H.O. (1980) 'Regulation of the Immune Response by the Major Histo­compatibility System',New Engl. J. Med., 303, 1514-1517

Reinherz, E.L. and Schlossman, S.F. (1980) 'Regulation of the Immune Response­inducer and Suppressor T Lymphocyte Subsets in Human Beings', New Engl. J. Med., 303, 370-373

Rosenthal, A.S. (1980) 'Regulation of the Immune Response - Role of the Macrophage', New Engl. J. Med., 303, 1153-1156

Simon, L.S. and Mills, J .A. (1980) 'Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory Drugs', New Engl. J. Med., 302,1179-1185

Chapter 18: Ethics

American Academy of Pediatrics - Committee on Ethics (1977) 'Guidelines for the Ethical Conduct of Studies to Evaluate Drugs in Pediatric Populations', Pediatrics, 60,91-101

Bradford Hill, A. (1963) 'Medical Ethics and Controlled Trials', Br. Med. J., i, 1043-1049

Campbell, A.G.M. (1974) 'Infants, Children and Informed Consent', Br. Med. J., iii, 334-338

Feinstein, A.R. (1974) 'Clinical Biostatistics: XXVI. Medical Ethics and the

Suggestions for Further Reading 393

Architecture of Clinical Research', Qin. Pharl7Ulcol. Ther., 15, 316-334 Greenberg, G. (1982) 'Logistics and Management of Clinical Trials', Br. 1. Qin.

Pharmacol., 14, 25-30 Gross, F. (1980) Moderator: a Forum Discussion 'Medical, Ethical and Legal

Aspects of Clinical Trials in Pediatrics', Eur. 1. Clin. Pharmacol., 18, 121-127 Schafer, A. (1982) 'The Ethics of the Randomised Clinical Trial', New Engl.

1. Med., 307,719-724

INDEX

absorption, drug: basic principles 9-17; by fetus 62; by neonate 76; effect of concentration on skin 299; effect of disease on 93; effect of physiological factors on 92

Acanthamoeba 349 accommodation, lens 306 acenocoumarol, see nicoumalone acetazolamide 137, 234, 312 acetominophen, see paracetamol acetylcholine: as autonomic trans-

mitter 154; as neurotransmitter in eNS 107; as parasympathetic post-ganglionic transmitter 154; as preganglionic sympathetic neurotransmitter 154; at neuro­muscular junction 171; post­ganglionic blockage by anti­muscarinics 168

acetylcholine effects, blocked at ganglion 168

acetylcholine receptors, muscarinic, nicotinic 154

acetyl salicylic acid, see aspirin acne 301 Actinomyces sp. 316 acyclovir 344 addiction, morphine 125 adenine arabinoside, see vidarabin

344 adenohypophysis: diseases of 292-3;

hormones of 264-5; inluoitors of function 262; physiology of 263

adenosine arabinoside 358 administration, drug: oral, single dose

kinetics 31; oral, repeated dose kinetics 33; oral, in neonates 76; parenteral 16

adrenal gland: cortical function 266-7; disorders of 293-4; general physiology 266-72; medullary function 266

adrenaline: as bronchodilator 218; as mydriatic 309; general actions 156-7; in anaphylaxis 365; reaction with MAO inihibitors 157

394

adrenergic blocking agents 164, 199 adrenergic mechanisms 154-64 adrenergic receptors al> a2, (31, ~ 155,156,171

adrenergic receptor blockade: action in general 160-5 ; a-blockade 160; a-blockade, side effects 161; (3-blockade action in general 161-4; (3-blockade, agents as partial adrenergic agonists 162; (3-blockade effect on heart 199; {3-blockade, in glaucoma 312; (3-blockade in hyperthyroidism 276; (3-blockade, post-ganglionic type 162

adrenergic receptor stimulants: a-adrenergic agonists 159; a1-adrenergic agonists 156; a and (3 agonists, general 156-9; a and (3 stimulated by metaraminol 158; a and (3 stimulated by phenyle­phrine 158; (3-adrenergic agonists 159;(31 receptors 156;(32 recep­tors 156-7; (32 agonists as bronchodilators 218-9; dopamine as indirectly acting stimulants 158-9

adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH 263-4

agranulocytosis 251 albuterol, see salbutamol219 alcuronium bromide 174 alfacalcidol 292 alfathesin 145 alkylating agents 354, 356-7 allocillin 320 allopurinol 373 aloxiprin 130-1 aluminium hydroxide 209 alveolar transfer, anaesthetics 140 amantadine 345 ambenonium chloride 167 amidone, see methadone amikacin 327, 337 amiloride 234 amines: as neurotransmitters 107;

tertiary, as antidepressants 113 amino acids as neurotransmitters 107

-y-amino-butyric acid (GABA) 107, 135

aminoglutethimide, profile 273 aminoglycosides: effect on neuro­

muscular junction 175; structure and properties 326-7; use in new­born 81 ; use in tuberculosis 337

4-aminopyridine 176 aminosalicylic acid 338 amiodarone 193 amithiazone, see thiacetazone 339 amitriptyline 114 amoebicidal drugs 348-9 amoxycillin 319 amphetamines 158 amphotericin {3 340-1,349 ampicillin 319 anaemia: androgens used in 246,

283; aplastic, drugs causing 248-9; hypoplastic 248; iron deficiency 243-4; megaloblastic 246

anaerobes 334 anaerobic infections 333-4 anaesthesia: action of drugs 140;

agents for eye 308; general profile 139-44; infiltration with local agents 146; inhalational 140-1; intravenous 144-5; local 145-8; pharmacokinetic and potency variation 141

analgesics, general 124-32 analgesics, mild 130-2 analgesics, powerful 124-30 anaphylaxis, type I hypersensitivity

response 367 androgens 281-4 angiotensin 107 angiotensin I, inhibition of conver-

sion 201 angiotension II antagonist 201 anorexia 158 antacids 208-9 anti-acne agents 301 antibacterial agents: general 314-34;

in intestinal disease 212; in newborn 81-2; interactions between 334-5

antibiotics 300, 312-53 anticancer drugs, see antineoplastic

drugs anticholinergics: as adjuvant to L­

DOPA 139; as bronchodilators 222; as miotics 310; effect of

Index 395

disopyramide 191 ; in bladder disease 240

anticholinesterase agents 165-8 anticholinesterases, organophos­

phorus and cateracts 312 anticoagulants 255-7 anticonvulsants: general properties

132-7; therapeutic levels of 134; use in newborn 83-4

antidepressants 113-17 anti-emetics 207-8 anti-folic acid agents 247 antifungal agents 300, 339-42 antihistamines: as anti-emetics

207 -8; as anxiolytics 11 7; as sedatives 123

anti-inflammatory agents 370-4 antileprotic drugs 338-9 anti-leukaemic drugs 250 antilymphocyte serum 366 antimalarials 346-8 antimicrobial agents 313-39 antimony compounds, in trematode

infestation 353 antimuscarinic drugs 168-70 antinoeplastic drugs 353-9 anti-oestrogen agents 289 antiplatelet drugs 257 anti-psychotic agents 110-13 antispasmodics 210-11 anti-thyroid drugs 274-6 anti-tuberculosis drugs 335-8 antiviral agents 342-5 anuria, acute 241 anxiolytics 117-20 apomorphine 127, 207 aprotonin 213 arrhythmias, cardiac 186-7 Ascaris 352 L-asparaginase 250, 359 Aspergillus 341 aspirin 130-2, 257 asthma: prevention of 223-4; precipi­

tated by {3-blockers 199; sympathomimetics in 218-20; systemic steroids in 223; xanthine derivatives in 221

ataractics, see anxiolytics atenolol163 atropine and atropine-like drugs

168-71 autonomic system: central connec­

tions 151; effects of neuro­leptics on 112; effects of

396 Index

stimulation 155; impulse trans­mission in 152-4; para­sympathetic efferent supply 152; post-ganglionic transmitter 154; pre-ganglionic transmitter 155; sympathetic efferent supply 151

axon 106

Bacillus sp. 316-17, 329 baclofen 138 Bacterioides sp. 319, 321, 329 barbiturates: as anxiolytics 117;

as intravenous anaesthetics 144; as sedatives 122-3; lipid solubility of 10

basal ganglia 101 benzathine penicillin suspension 317 benzodiazepines: active metabolites

118; as anticonvulsants 136; as anxiolytics 118-20; as hyp­notics 121; as muscle relaxants 138; contra-indications 119; general proflle 118

benzoyl peroxide 301 benzylpenicillin 316 benzylpenicillin - procaine suspen-

sion 316-17 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 352 betamethasone 270-1 bethanechol165 bethanidine 201 bicyclic antidepressants 115 binding, red cells to drugs 17 bioavailability: defined 36; effects

of disease on drug 93-4; neonatal drug 77-8; physiological factors in 92

biotransformation, drug: fetal 64-5 ; general 20; microsomal oxidation in 21; newborn ability for 79-80; Phase I reactions in 21; Phase II reactions in 22; placental 56

bithionol353 bladder, physiology and pharma-

cology 239-40 blood-brain barrier 109-10 blood coagulation 253-4 blood coagulation, disorders 254-5 blood coagulation factors, listed 252 blood-pressure, physiology 195-6 body composition 89 body temperature 102 bonds, and bonding 1 Bordetella sp. 329

bowel 205-6 breast-feeding 86-7 breast-milk 87-8 bretylium 164 bromocriptine 262 bronchial hypersecretion 120 bronchoconstriction 163, 165 bronchodilators: general 218; in-

directly acting sympathomimetics 220; sympathomimetic, table of 219; xanthine-derived 220-1

bronchospasm, prevention and treatment 218-24

Brucella sp. sensitivity 329 bupivacaine 72, 148 busulphan 250 butoxamine 163

caffeine 83 caldifediol/250HD3 291 calciferol 290, 292 calcitonin 290 calcitriol291 calcium and phosphorus metabolism

289-92 calcium metabolic disorders 295 Campylobacter 331 Candida sp. 340-1 capreomycin 337 captopril201 carbachol 310 carbamazepine 84, 135 carbenicillin 320 carbenicillin indanyl 320 carbenoxolone 209 carbimazole 275 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, in

glaucoma 312 cardiac arrhythmia: cause and

clinical features 186-7; drug induced 194-5; treatment 188-94

cardiac contraction 178-80 cardiac glycosides 180-1 cardiac output: adrenaline increases

156; a-adrenergic blockers increase 158; alcuronium decreases 174; amphetamine increases 158; anticholinesterases decrease 165; halothane decreases 142; ketamine increases 145; methoxyflurane decreases 142; physiology of 195; propanolol decreases 199

cardiac pacemaker 162

cardiac rhythm, normal, abnormal 185-7

cardiotonic drugs 85-6, 180, 185 cardiotoxic drugs 185 catecholamines 156-7 cefaclor 325 cefazolin 323 cefoperazone 324 cefoxitin 324 cefsulodin 324 ceftisoxime 324 cefuroxine 324 cell membrane: cocaine effect on

146; depolarising agents effect 172; description of 9; diffusion across 12; ionization and 13; neural type 106-7; of smooth muscle 170; sodium/potassium ratios across 106

central nervous system 101-10 cephalexin 324 cephaloridine 323 cephalosporins 82, 321-5 cephalothin 323 cephamandole 323 cephems, see cephalosporins cephradine 325 cerebellum 102-3, 105 cerebral cortex 101 cerebral hemispheres 101 chela tors, iron 246-7 chenodeoxycholic acid 214 Chlamydia sp. 329,331 chloral hydrate 124 chloramphenicol 329-31 chlordiazepoxide 118-19 chlorguanidine, see proguanil chloroquine 347 chlorothiazide 198 chloroxylenol 303 chlorpromazine 111, 161 chlorthalidone 232 cholecalciferol/vitamin D3 291 cholestasis, drugs causing 215 cholestatic jaundice 332 cholestyramine 214 cholinergic agonists, see acetylcholine

receptors cholinergic blockade 168-9 choline salicylate 132 cholinesterase reactivator 168 chronotropic agents 180 ciliary body 306 ciliary muscle 306

cimetidine 209 cinchonism 190

Index 397

circulation: dilators for pulmonary 226; in adults 178; in fetus 59; transitional in neonate 75

cisplatin 359 Citrobacteria 319 clavulanic acid 321 clindamycin 333 clinical trials 375-80 clofazimine 339 clonazepam 137 clonidine 200 clorazepate 119 Ciostridia sp. sensitivity 316, 329 Clostridium difficile: overgrowth

with clindamycin 333 clotrimazole 342 cloxacillin 318 coal tar derivatives 301 cocaine 145-6 codeine 126-7 complement 258,362 concentration, transferable 2 constrictor pupillae 305 contraceptive pill 286 coordinating system eNS 105 corticosteroids: adverse effects

271-2; characteristics 266-7,269; contraindications to 268; creams and ointments 300; fluorinated 270-1; forms available 268; glucocorticoid action 269; immunosuppressant action 365; indications for 268; inhalable 223; in hypoplastic anaemia 246; in leukaemia 250; local eye forms 306-7; mineralo-corticoid content 269; synthesis inhibitors 271-2; systemic use 223-4; topical use 299

corticotrophin 263-4 cortisol, see hydrocortisone 268-9 cortisone 270 Corynebacterium 316 co-trimoxazole/trimethoprim sulpha-

methoxazole cough stimulants 225 cough suppressants 225 Cryptococcus neoformans 341 curariform drugs 142 cyanocobalamin, as haematinic 245 cyclophosphamide 251, 356-7 cycloplegics 306

398 Index

cycloserine 337 cyclosporin A 366 cystitis 241,356 cytosine arabinoside 250, 358 cytotoxic drugs 353-9, 366

dactinomycin 356 dantrolene 176 dapsone 338 daunorubicin 250, 354 debrisoquine 201 decamethonium bromide 175 dendrites 106 dendrons 106 dermatitis: contact 299; exfoliative

299; peri-oral 299-300 desferroxamine mesylate 247 desipramine 114 desmopressin acetate 266 desoxycorticosterone/DOCA 271 dexamethasone 270, 308 dextromonamide, see methadone dextro-propoxyphene 128 diabetes insipidus 266, 293 diabetes mellitus 277-8, 294 diarrhoea, drugs causing 212 diazepam 83, 119 diazoxide 74, 197-8 dichlorphenamide 312 dicloxacillin 318 diethylcarbamazine 351 diffusion: carrier facilitated 13;

Fick's law and general principles 12

diflunisal131 digoxin: general actions 181;

pharmacokinetics in neonates 182; principles of treatment 182-4; toxicity 184; use in arrhy­thmias 194; use in neonates 85

dihydromorphinone, see hydro­morphone

dihydrotachysterol 292 1-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine, see

levodopa 1,25,dihydroxy vitamin D3/1,25,­

dihydrocholecalciferol, see calcitriol 291

di-iodo-thyronine/DIT 273 dilator pupillae 305 dilemmas, ethical 376 diloxanide furoate 349 dimenhydrinate (anti-emetic) 207 dipyridamole 257

disodium cromoglycate 223 disopyramide 190 distigmine bromide 167 distribution of drugs: factors

affecting, tabulated 96; factors, general 17-19; factors in disease 97-8; factors in newborn 78-9; fetal factors 67; physiological variants in 95

dithranol 301 diuresis by methoxyflurane 142 diuretics: aldosterone antagonists as

233; drugs potentiated by 233; general 230; in hypertension 198-9; in newborn 84-5; osmotic type 230-1; potassium retaining 234-5; potent loop 232-3; thiazide type 231, 233; thrombo­cytopaenia from 257; toxic effects, tabulated 233; use with cardiotonics 185

DNA: synthesis induced by hormones 260; synthesis and methotrexate 357; virus type 342; viruses, action of vidarabine on 344

dobutamine 159-60 DOPA decarboxylase 154 dopamine: as neurotransmitter 107;

function in hypothalamus 260; general effects 157; release inhibited by haloperidol109; release of amphetamine 109; use in cardiac failure 157

dopaminei3-hydroxylase 154 doxorubicin, see daunorubicin doxycycline 328 droperidol, see haloperidol drug effect: dosage on age basis 89;

dosage on weight basis 90; dose/ response relationship 49; median effective dose 51; specificity and selectivity 54; time course 52

dydrogesterone 286 dyes 302-3

econazole 342 ecothiopate iodide 310 edrophonium bromide 167 electroencephalogram 150 emetics 206-7 emetine 349 end-foot, see synaptic knob endocrine system 260-95

~ndorphin 125 J}endorphin 107, 125 enflurane 143 enkephalins 107 Enterobacteriaceae 315, 317, 320,

325-6,329 enterohepatic circulation: mechanism

22,25; of ampicillin 319; of cyanocobalamin 245; of tetra­cyclines 328

enuresis 241 enzymes, induction: by carbamaze­

pine 135; by chloral 124; by phenobarbitone 133; general mechanism 22

enzymes, inhibition 23 enzymes phase I and phase II in

fetus 65-6 ephedrine, as adrenergic stimulant

157 Epidermophyton 339 epilepsy 148-50 epinephrine, see adrenaline epiphyseal closure 288 epsilon amino caproic acid 258-9 ergocalciferol, see calciferol 292 erythromycin 331-2 Escherichia coli 315, 317, 320, 326 ethambutol 337 ethics: committees and responsibilities

379; dilemmas in trials 376; of treating children 375-80

ethionamide 338 ethinyloestradiol 288-9 ethnacrynic acid 233 ethosuximide 136 ethoxzolamide 312 etidocaine 147 excitatory post synaptic potential

(EPSP) 108 excretion: biliary 25; breast milk

87-8; by older child 99; clearance concept of 36; drugs, general 23; fetal 66; half-life and drug 30; hepatic clearance and 38; kinetics of urinary 24; placental 57; pulmonary 25; renal clearance in 39; renal drug 237; renal, in newborn 80

extrapyramidal disorders 138-9 extrapyramidal system 101-2, 105 eye: basic structure and function

305-6; local anaesthetics for 308; local steroids for 308; pharmaco-

Index 399

logy of 305-12

fenoprofen calcium 372 fentanyl citrate 128 ferrous fumarate 244 ferrous gluconate 244 ferrous sulphate 243-4 fetus: circulation pattern 59;

development 57-9; drug effects upon 62-7

fibres, in neurone 106 fibrinolytic system 258 fibrosis, pulmonary 356 Pick's law 12 filariasis 351 first pass effect: on bioavailability

93; L-dopa 139; imipramine 113; insulin 277; lignocaine 191; naloxone 129; progesterone 285; propanolol199; rifampicin 336; testosterone 281

floxacillin 318 flucytosine 341,358 fludrocortisone 271 fludromethalone 308 9-a flu oro cortisol, see fludrocorti-

sone 271 fluorouracil 345, 358 fluoxymesterone 282 flurazepam 122 fluroxene 143 folic acid 246 folinic acid 247 follicle stimulating hormone/PSH

265 forane, see isoflurane frusemide: as diuretic 232; in hyper­

tension 199; in newborn 84 fungal infections 340 furosemide, see frusemide

GABA, see 'Y-amino-butyric acid galactorrhoea 113 gallamine triethiodide 173-4 gels 298 gender 294-5 gentamicin 326 Giardia lamblia 349 giardiasis 351 glaucoma 310 glomerular filtration 237 glomerulo-nephritis, haemorrhagic

240 glucagon 280-1

400 Index

glucose-6-dehydrogenase deficiency 248

glutamate 107 glycine 107 gold salts 372-3 gonadotrophin releasing honnone

(gnRH) 261 gonadotrophins 265-6 grand mal epilepsy 148 griseofulvin 339-40 groups, lipophilic 9 guanethidine 164, 201 gynecomastia 112

haematinics 243-6 haemoglobin 242 haemolysis 247 Haemophilus injluenzae 313, 315,

317,319,321,323,325,329, 331

haemopoietic system 242-59 haemostasis 251-4 half-life, concept of 30 halogens 302 haloperidol 111-12 halothane 142 helminthiasis 351-3 heparin 255-6 hepatic disorder and sodium

valproate 136 hepato-biliary disease 214-15 hepatotoxic drugs 215 hexobarbital, see hexobarbitone hexobarbitone 123 histamine 107, 125 HI histamine receptor antagonists

169 H2 histamine receptor antagonists

209-10 Histoplasma capsulatum 340 hookwonn 352 honnone, corticotrophin releasing/

CRH261-2 honnone, gonadotrophin releasing/

gnRH261 honnone, growth honnone release

inhibiting, see somatostatin honnone, growth honnone releasing/

gHRH 261 honnone, prolactin releasing/PRH

261 honnone releasing inhibitors 262 honnone, thyrotrophin releasing/

TRH 261

honnones: actions on cell 260; synthesis 260-1; trophic, adeno­hypophyseal 263-5

human growth honnone/hGH profile 264

hydrallazine 185, 196-7 hydrochlorothiazide 232 hydrocortisone: general profile

268-9; in asthma 224; ophthalmic use 308

.6. ' -hydrocortisone, .6. ' cortisol, see hydrocortisone

hydromorphone 126 'Y-hydroxybutyrate 107 hydroxycobalamin 246 hydroxyprogesterone 286 hyoscine 170 hyperkalaemia 234-5 hypersensitivity responses: from

drugs 369; general pattern of 367-8; type I, anaphylaxis 367; type II 368; type III 368; type IV, delayed 369

hypertension, pulmonary 202 hypertension, systemic: adrenaline

caused 156; amphetamine caused 158; antihypertensive agents in 196-202; dopamine causes 157; drugs causing 202; in glomerulo­nephritis 240; ketamine caused 145; noradrenaline caused 157; renin/angiotensin role 201-2; suxamethonium caused 175

hyperthyroidism 274-5, 294 hypnotics 121-4 hypoglycaemics, oral 280 hypoglycaemia 281 hypokalaemia 231, 233 hypothalamus: catecholamines in

260; disorders of 292; functions of 102; physiology 260-1; releasing honnones of 260-1

hypothyroidism 294

ibuprofen 132, 371 idoxuridine 344 ileus, paralytic 211 imidazolines 159 imipramine 113 immune response, adjuvants of

(immunostimuiants) 365 immune system 360-3 immune tolerance 366-7 immunization: active 362-3; active,

agents available 363; passive, agents 364

immunocompetent lymphocytes 361 immunoglobulin A 135 immunoglobulin G 240 immunoglobulins: as antiviIal agents

343; normal types 361-2 immunosuppressants 365 immunotherapy, or hyposensitisation

370 indomethacin: adverse effects 371;

as analgesic 132; an anti­inflammatory 370; in ductus arteriosus 371; in neonates 86; retinopathy from 312

inhibitors, carbonic anhydrase 137 inhibitory post-synaptic potential/

IPSP 108 inotropic agents 180 insulin: adverse effects 280;

amorphous zinc suspension/ semilente 278-9; bioavailability 277; biphasic 278; crystalline zinc suspension/ultralente 278; degradation 277; in diabetes mellitus 277-9; monocomponent types 277; neutral soluble 279; pharmacology of 277-80; physio­logical effects 277; porcine 277; preparations available 279; resistance 280; soluble regular 278-9

interferon 343 interstitial cell simulating hormone/

ICSH 265 intracranial hypertension 329 intraocular pressure: j}-adrenergic

blockers decrease 312; constrictor pupillae and 305; increased in glaucoma 310; miotics decrease 311; mydriatics may increase 309; parasympathomiInetics decrease 310; suxamethonium may increase 175

iodine: adverse effects 275-6; as antithyroid agent 275; radioactive 276

ionization: diffusion and 12; drug absorption and 10-11; excretion and 11; lipid solubility and 11-12; smooth muscle stimulus and 171; weak acids 11

ipecachuana 207 ipratropium bromide 223

iris 305 iIon chela tors 246-7 iIon dextran 244-5

Index 401

iron, oral preparations 243-4 iIon polysorbitol gluconic acid 244 iIon preparations, parenteral 244-5 iIon sorbitol injection 244 isoflurane 143 isomethiadone, see methadone isoniazid 335-6 isoprenaline: as ~ adrenergic agonist

159; as bronchodilator 218-19 isopropylnoradrenaline, see isoprena­

line isoproterenol, see isoprenaline

jaundice, cholestatic and neuroleptics 112

juxta-glomerular apparatus 228

kala-azar, see leishmaniasis kanamycin 327 ketamine 144 ketoconazole 342 kidney: drug effects on function

230-9; excretory ability 228; glomerular function in 228; micro-anatomy 228; pharma­cology and structure 229; phy­siology 227-30; synthesis vitamin D metabolites 228; tubular function of 228; tubule transport inhibitors 235

kinetics, Michaelis-Menten 6-7; reaction 2

Klebsiella sp. 320, 326

labetalol: as a and {3 adrenergic blocker 163-4; use in hyper­tension 199

j}-lactamase inhibitors 320-1 lactogen, placental 265 Legionella sp. 321, 331 Leishmania donovani 349 leishmaniasis 350 leptospiIae 323 leucocytes: drugs damaging

250-1; physiology of 249-50 leu-encephalin 125 leukaemia 250 levodopa, general profIle

138-9 LH/FSH releasing factor, see gonado­

trophin releasing hormone 261

402 Index

lidocaine, see lignocaine lignocaine/lidocaine: as local

anaesthetic 147; in cardiac arrhy­thmias 191

limbic system 102 lipid solubility, ionization and 10 lithium carbonate 117 liver necrosis 132 lorazepam 119 loxapine 112 luteinizing hormone/LH 265 lymphomata 353 lysine-8-vasopressin 266

macrogols 298 macrolides 331, 340 malaria 345-8 mannitol 231 mass action, law of, 1 mastigophora 349 mebandazole 352 mecamylamine 168 mecillinam 320 medazepam 119 mefloquine 348 melanocyte releasing hormone/

MSHRH 262 menstruation 287 mepacrine 347 meperidine, see pethidine mepivacaine 148 meprobamate 120, 138 mercaptopurine 358 mercurials 302 metaproterenol, see isoproterenol metapyrone 271-2 metaraminol bitartrate 158 metencephalin 125 methacycline 328 methadone 128 methaemogiobinaemia 248-9 methicillin 318 methisazone 345 methohexital, see methohexitone methohexitone 144 methotrexate 247,250, 357-8 methoxamine 159 methoxyflurane 142 methyldopa 200-1 methyl morphine, see codeine methylphenidate, as psycho stimulant

120 methyl salicylate 131 methyltestosterone 282

metoclopramide 208, 261 metronidazole: action and pharmaco­

kinetics 334; as amoebicide 348-9; in neonates 82; in tricho­maniasis 351

mexiletene 192 mezlocilin 320 mianserin hydrochloride 115 Michaelis constant 8 Michaelis-Menten equation 7 miconazole 341 Microsporum 339 Mirna 319 minocycline 328 minor tranquillizers 117-120 minoxidil 198 miotics 310-11 modulating system, of eNS 105 mono-amine oxidase (MAO) in-

hibitors: avoid with tricyclics 114; fast and slow acetylators and 116; general effects 115-16; hyperpyrexia due to 112; hyper­tension due to 116; post­ganglionic adrenergic blockade by 164; precautions with 116; pro­carbazine as weak 116; reactions with other drugs 116-17

mono-iodo-thyronine/MIT 273 morphine sulphate 125-6 motor system 104 moxalactam 325 mucolytic agents 225 muscarine effects 165 muscle contraction, agents affecting

176 muscle relaxants, centrally acting 138 myasthenia gravis 167 Mycobacteria 326,335, 337 Mycobacterium leprae 358-9 mycoplasma 328, 329, 331 mydriatics: atropine-like drugs as

309; causes of action 305; effect on anterior eye chamber 306; preparations used 309; side­effects 309-10

myelin sheath 106 myoclonic seizures 136, 148

Naegleria sp. 349 nafcillin 318 nalidixic acid 236, 315 nalorphine 130 naloxone 82,129

nandrolone 283 narcotics in newborns 74 Neisseria sp. sensitivity 313, 317,

321,331 nematodes 352 neoplastic disease 353-9 neostigmine bromide/methyl

sulphate 166 nephrotic syndrome 239-40 nephrotoxic drugs 238-9 nerve cell membrane: depolarisation

of 106; properties of 106-7; resting potential in 106; sodium/ potassium ratios across 106

nerve impulse 105-6 netilmicin 327 neuroblastoma 353 neuro-effector junction, see synaptic

knob neurohypophysis: disorders of 293;

physiology 266 neuroleptanalgesia 145 neuroleptics: adverse effects of 112;

care with 112; general properties of 110

neuromuscular blockade 172; by competition 172; by depolarisa­tion 172; by non-depo1arisation 173

neuromuscular junction 171-2 neuromuscular transmission 171-2,

175-6 neurone 106 neurotensin 107 neurotransmitter, general physiology

107-9 neutropaenia, drugs causing 251 newborn infant/neonate: blood

circulation in 59; drug absorption by 76; drug bioavailability in 77; drug distribution 78; drugs enter­ing by placenta 73; general features of 73

niclosamide 353 nicotine 154 nicotine poisoning 164 nicoumalone 256 nifurtimox 350 niridazole 352 nitrazepam 122 nitrofurantoin 236, 315-16 N20, see nitrous oxide nitrous oxide 143 node of Ranvier 106

Index 403

nomifensine maleate 115 noradrenaline: adrenergic trans­

mitter 154; as neurotransmitter 107; as post-ganglionic sym­pathetic transmitter 154; block by tricyclics 109; dopamine as precursor 157; function in hypothalamus 260; general effects 157; synthesis 154

norepinephrine, see noradrenaline norethisterone 286 norgestrel 286 nystatin 340

occipital lobe 101 octopamine 107 oestradiol 288 oestrogens: actions of 286-7; and

progestogens as contraceptive 288-9; synthesis of 287; drugs opposing synthesis of 289

oestrones, general proflle 288 olfactory cortex 101 oligodendrocytes 106 opioids: actions, general 124-9;

agonists 129-30; antagonists 129

opium, composition of 125 orciprenaline 219 organophosphorus insecticides 167-8 orphenadrine 138 oxacillin 318 oxandrolone 283 oxazepam 119 oxidizing agents 302 oxycodeinone, see oxycodone oxycodone 126 oxymethalone 283

pancreas, endocrine 276-7 pancreas, exocrine 212-13 pancreatin 213 pancuronium bromide 174 paracetamol132 paragonimiasis 353 paraldehyde 124 parasympathetic system 165-70 parathormone 289 parenteral drugs 16 parietallobe 101 parkinsonism 138 paromomycin 349 pemoline 120 penams, see penicillins

404 Index

penetrants 299 penicillin G, see benzylpenicillin penicillin K, see phenethicillin penicillin V, see phenoxymethyl

penicillin penicillins: anti-microbial action 317;

broad-spectrum 319-20; general prome 316-20; in Pseudomonas infections 320; j3-lactamase resis­tant 318-19; newborn use of 81; side-effects 321

pentagastrin 210 pentamidine 350 pentazocine 129 pentolinium tartrate 168 pentothal, see thiopentone peptic ulcerogenic drugs 210 pep tides as neurotransmitters 107 perinatal period: intrapartum phase

71; pharmacokinetics of 76-80; pharmacology of 71-89; post­partum phase 74-6

peripheral nervous system 151-77 pethidine 127-8 petit mal epilepsy: clinical descrip­

tion 149; electro-encephalogram 150; treatment 136

pharmacodynamics 40-54 pharmacokinetics: defined 26-30;

described 26-40; fetal 67-9; glossary of terms 26

phenelzine sulphate 116 phenethicillin 318 phenindione 256 phenobarbital, see phenobarbitone phenobarbitone, sodium: adverse

reactions 123; as anticonvulsant 133; as sedative 123; in newborns 83

phenodoxone, see methadone phenoperidine hydrochloride 128 phenothfuzines: antimuscarinic

activity 169; cataract from 312; general use of 11 0-11 ; see prom e­thazine, tripremazine; thrombo­cytopaenia from 257; use as muscle relaxant 138; use as sedative 123

phenoxybenzamine 161 phenoxymethyl penicillin 318 phenylbutazone 132, 372 phenylephrine 158 phenytoin: as folic acid inhibitor

247; general profIle of 134;

toxic effect 135; use in cardiac arrhythmias 193; use in newborn 84

photosensitivity: carbamazepine and 135; drugs causing 303; neuro­leptics and 112

phthalysulphathfuzole 314 physostigmine salicylate 310 phytomenadione, see vitamin K 1

pilocarpine nitrate 310 pindolol163 pinworms 352 piperacillin 320 piperazine salts 352 pituitary, anterior, see adenohypo­

physis 263-5 pituitary, posterior, see neurohypo­

physis 266 placenta: disorders of 71 ; excretion

of 55-6; list of drugs crossing 73; structure 55

plasmin 258 Plasmodium sp. 345-8 platelets, blood 251, 257 Pneumocystis carinii 315,350 polyethylene glycols 298 polymixins 333 polypeptides, as opioids 125 pralidoxime 168 prazosin 169, 199 prednisolone 250, 270, 365 prednisone 270 primaquine 348 primidone 133-4 probenecid 235, 250 procainamide 190 procaine 146-7 procarbazine 359 prochlorperazine 207 prodrug: carbimazole as 275; cloraze­

pate as 119; pivampicillin as 319; prednisone as 270; primidone as 133; sodium-l­thyroxine as 273

progestogens 284-6 proguanil 347-8 prolactin 264-5 promethazine 123 propanidine, as skin disinfectant 303 propanolol: as (3-adrenergic blocker

163; causes fetal bradycardia 74; in cardiac arrhythmias 192-3; in hypertension 199; in hyperthyroidism 276;

neuromuscular transmission effect 175

propylthiouracil 275 prostacyclin, PgI2 226, 257 prostaglandins 251 protamine sulphate 255--6 protein binding, drug: diseases and

95; factors affecting 17-18; fetal 63-4; neonatal 78; physio­logical variations and 94-5

proteins, viral coating 342 Proteus mirabilis 315, 317, 320 Pseudomonas sp. 317,319-20, 323,

326 psittacosis virus 328 psycho-stimulants 120-1 psychotropic agents 110-20 pUlmonary artery pressure 161 pupil, contraction 166 purgatives 211-12 pyrantel pamoate 352 pyridostigmine bromide 166 pyrimethamine 347 pyrimethamine, as antifolic acid

agent 247

quinacrine, see mepacrine 347 quinidine 188-9 quinine 312, 346-7

ranitidine 209 reactions: enzyme-catalysed 6;

first-order 3-5; zero-order 6 receptors: adrenergic 155--6; agonist

effect on 43-4; agonists, com­petitively antagonised 46; antagonists 47; cholinergic 154; clinical antagonism 48; defined 40; general function 41 ; nor­adrenaline effect on 154; occupa­tion by drugs 42; opioid, in eNS 124; partial agonist effect on 45; theory of 40

red blood cell 248 red nucleus 101 renal damage, drugs causing 238-9 renal failure 237-8, 241 renal failure, acute 241 renal glomeruli: action in drug

excretion 237; drugs which damage 239

renal wfections 236 renal papillary necrosis, drugs causing

239

Index 405

renal pharmacology 229 renal physiology 228-9 renal transplant, immunosuppression

in 365--6 renal tubule: calcitonin effects 290;

diseases of 241; drug excretion by 237; drugs which damage 239

renin-angiotensin system 195,228-9 reserpine: adrenergic block by 164;

use in hypertension 201 resistance, peripheral arterial 195 respiratory system: drugs affecting

218-26; drugs depressing 224--6; physiology of 217-18; stimulants in newborn 82-3; stimulants of 224

retinoic acid 301 ribavirin 345 Rickettsiae sensitivity of 328 rifampicin 336, 345 rifampin, see rifampicin 336 RNA: synthesis and methotrexate

358; synthesis by hormones 260 RNA virus: nucleic and synthesis

343; ribavirin used against 345; virus types 342

salbutamol: as bronchodilator 219-20; in cardiac failure 185

sllicatonin 290 salicylates, maternal cause neonatal

bleeding 74 salicylic acid 130 salivary glands 204: inhibitors of

function 206; stimulants of function 206

Salmonella sp. 315, 320, 329 saralasin 201 schistosomiasis 352 Schwann cells and myelin 106 sclera 305 scopolamine 168-9 sedation by a adrenergic blockers in

160 sedatives 121-4 seizures: akinetic 149; Jacksonian

149; psychomotor 149 sensory cortex 101 sensory pathway, diagram 103 sensory system, functions of 103 serotonin: as neurotramsitter 107;

in hypothalamic function 260 Serratia 319 sick-sinus syndrome 187

406 Index

skin: absorption greater in children's 299; anatomy and function 296-7; disinfectants for 302-3; penetration by drugs 298-9; pharmacology of 296-303; varia­tions in 297

skin disease: aspects in general 297; coal tar derivatives in 301; creams used in 298-300; drugs causing 303; drug treatment of 298-300; ointments used in 298; penetrants used in 299; topical antibiotics in 300; topical antifungals in 300; topical steroids in 299; vehicles for agents in 298

skin hypersensitivity reactions, drugs causing 303

sleep 121 smooth muscle contraction 170 smooth muscle relaxation 171 sodium nitroprusside 185, 196 sodium salicylate 131 sodium-I-thyroxine 273-4 sodium valproate 135-6 solubility, tissue of anaesthetics 141 somatomammotrophin, chorionic,

see placental lactogen 265 somatomedins 228 somatostatin: as hormone releasing

inhibitor 262; as neurotransmitter 107

somatotrophin, see human growth hormone 264

spironolactone 234 stanolone 282 Staphylococcus aureus 317, 323 status epilepticus 149 steroids, anabolic, see androgens steroids, cortico, see corticosteroids stiboestrol 289 stibogluconate, sodium 250-1 stomach, physiology of 204-5 Streptococcus pneumoniae 315, 319,

331 Streptococcus pyogenes 313, 323,

331 streptokinase 258 streptomycin 326, 337 strongyloidiasis 352 substance P: as neurotransmitter 107;

modified by opiates 109 substantia nigra 101 succinylcholine, see suxamethonium sulbactam 321

sulfisoxazole, see sulphafurazQle sulindac 371 sulphadiazine 314 sulphadimethoxine 314 sulphadoxine 314 sulphrafurazole 313-14 sulphamethizole 313 sulphamethoxazole 314 sulphinphyrazone 235 sulphonamides: general aspects

313-15; long-acting 314; side­effects 314; use in malaria 348

sulphones 338-9 sulphoxone sodium 338-9 sulthiame 137 suramin 350 surfactants, as skin disinfectants 302 suxamethonium chloride 174-5 sympathetic stimulation, nicotine in

164 sympathetic system, general 154-65 synapse, physiology, connections 107 synaptic knob 107

Taenia infestation 353 tapeworm, see Taenia taurine 107 temazepam 121-2 teratology 69-70 terminal button, see synaptic knob testosterone 281-2 testosterone esters 282 tetracyclic antidepressants 114 tetracyclines 328-9: adverse effects

328; as amoebicides 349; effect on bone, teeth 329; use in malaria 348

thalamus 102 thalassaemia, desferrioxamine in 247 thalidomide, effect on fetus 70 theophylline 221-2 thiabendazole 352 thiacetazone 339 thiazides, as diuretics 231-2 thiopentone sodium 144 thiosemicarbazones, see methisazone

and thiacetazone thioxanthenes 111 thrombocytes, see platelets 251, 257 thrombocytopaenia, drugs causing

257 thymoleptics, see antidepressants

113-17 thyroid disease, treatment 273-6

thyroid gland: drugs affecting 276; physiology of 273-9

thyroid hormones 272-3 thyrotrophic stimulating hormone/

TSH 264 thyrotrophin 264 thyrotrophin releasing hormone/

TSH 261 thyroxine/T4: actions 273; adverse

effects 274; synthesis 273 ticarcillin 320 timolol maleate, in glaucoma 312 Tinea 300 tinidazole 351 tissue, drug transfer to 20 tobramycin 327 tocainide 192 tolazoline: a-adrenergic blocker 161;

pulmonary vasodilator 226 Torulopsis glabrata 340 trachoma virus 328 transport, active 13 tranquillizers, major, see neuroleptics tranylcypromine 116-17 Treponemata, sensitivity 316, 323, 328 triamcinolone 270,365 triamtp.rene 234 trichomoniasis 349, 351 trichophyton 339 tricyclic antidepressants: action and

side-effects 114; antimuscarink effect 169; poisoning with 114

trifluridine 344-5 tri-iodo-thyronine: actions and

synthesis 273; in hypothyroidism 274; reversed form 272

trimeprazine 123 trimethoprim 247 trimethoprim sulphamethoxazo]e,

see co-trimethoxazole trypanocidal agents 349-50 tubocurarine hydrochloride 173

Index 407

tubular disease, drug-produced 239 tubular excretion, drug 237 tyrosine decarboxylase in nor-

adrenaline synthesis 154

ureidopenicillins 320 uric acid 250 uricosurics, see probenecid, sulphin­

pyrazone urinary infection, drug treatment

313-15 urinary system, pharmacology 228-

41 urodeoxycholic acid 214 urokinase 258

vancomycin 332 vasodilators, pulmonary 226 vasopressin, in neurohypophysis 266 vehicles, for drugs in skin disease 298 verapamil 193 vermifuges 351-3 vidarabine 344 vinblastine, see vincristine vincristine 250, 357 vindesine, see vincristin viprynium pamoate 352 visual cortex 101 vitamin B 1 2 245 vitamin D2 , see calciferol 292 vitamin D3, see cholecalciferol 291 vitamin D metabolites 228 vitamin Kl 254 vomiting 207

warfarin sodium 256 wintergreen, oil of, see methyl

salicylate

zero-order kinetics of elimination 6 zinc, in insulins 278-9