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No. 6
9/200
US $ 5.–
SPININNOVATION
T H E M A G A Z I N E F O R
S P I N N I N G M I L L S
SUESSEN –Joining Hands
with RIETER
Spinning Rotors –
Speeds
and Balancing
Compact Spinning
of Worsted Yarn
2
SPINNOVATION No. 6
CONTENTS
SUESSEN–Joining Hands with RIETER 3
Retrofitting ExistingWorsted Frames
with the EliTeQCompact Spinning System 5
Advantages of the EliTeQCompact Spinning System
inWorsted Spinning 7
Rotor Speed – fast, faster, fastest? 9
State of Development
of Compact Spinning Systems 4
Balancing of OE Spinning Rotors 9
TC Rotors in the Spinning Mill 22
News 25
ImpressumNo. 6 – September 200 · Price: US-$ 5.–
Publication: twice a year
Information & Advertising Contact:
Spinnovation, Germany
Fax (++ 49) 762 5-367 · www.suessen.com
Published by Spindelfabrik Suessen
Postfach 3 20, 73075 Süssen
Federal Republic of Germany
Editor in Chief: Peter Stahlecker
Title registeredQ at German Patent Office
Copyright q 200 Spindelfabrik Suessen
All rights reserved –
Reprint of articles with reference permitted –
Voucher copies desired
Front Cover:
EliTeQCompact Spinning System
3
SPINNOVATION No. 6
SUESSEN - Joining Hands with RIETER
Dear Customer,
Undoubtedly, you have read or heard
about events having happened bet-
ween RIETER & SUESSEN, some fac-
tual, e.g. from our press release of
29th March, 200, but then pretty
terse, or else more elaborate, but then
rather speculative, as often dissemi-
nated by our competition.
We want to take this opportunity to
explain the facts, and also to give you
the reasoning, why we are convinced,
that this joining hands is beneficial for
you, our customer.
. Facts
The facts are simple:
– RIETER has acquired a 9% share
in the stock of SUESSEN. RIETER
has an option to acquire up to
00% of the shares.
– In unrelated transactions, RIETER
has acquired 00% of NOVIBRA/
NOBOSCO, the well-known spin-
dle manufacturer, previously family
owned.
2. Reasoning, leading to the Facts
Why would an over 200 year old Swiss
publicly owned company, and a 80
year old privately held company
decide to get together? Even more so,
since, as insiders know, the two com-
panies had battled each other in
Courts over patent infringements for
many years.
The answer is, as often, multi-
dimensional or multi-faceted, as
you prefer it.
π Both companies have unique
strengths and also weaknesses:
RIETER has a sterling name in the
industry. It boasts a world-wide
presence; in many important mar-
kets RIETER has its own subsidia-
ries. In short staple spinning, RIE-
TER is the only full liner, capable of
offering turn key jobs. Its products
enjoy an excellent reputation with
the customers. RIETER is a mar-
keting driven company.
π SUESSEN is the smaller partner by
far. SUESSEN has always been
technology driven. Many of its
innovations are very well-known,
even though it might be less
known, that SUESSEN was the
”Mother of Invention”. For instance,
entire generations of OE machines
are known by the name of the
SpinBox, designed and manufac-
tured by SUESSEN, and used
exclusively in those OE machines
(of course, we are referring to
SE 7 / 8 / 9 / 0).
π Traditionally, SUESSEN has been
in the components and moderniza-
tion business, retrofitting OE
machines with the SC-/2-M boxes
and modernizing ring spinning
machines are but two examples.
RIETER has always and foremost
been a machinery and systems
supplier. Hence, the business acti-
vities of RIETER and SUESSEN
complement each other to a large
extent.
π Markets are shifting. There seems
to be an inevitable move of the tex-
tile mills to the competitive coun-
tries of Asia and Latin America,
however, recently, some speciality
firms in Europe have enjoyed
excellent success. (Aided to some
extent by innovations launched by
RIETER and SUESSEN). This shift
makes a world-wide presence in
sales and service more and more
pressing, stretching a smaller com-
pany to its limits.
π There is a consolidation going on
in the textile machinery world. The
existence of two Swiss based
Power Houses is evident to any
observer of the industry. It appa-
rently takes a critical mass to
effectively serve the world-wide
customer base.
π The respective management of
RIETER and SUESSEN have
always held each other in highest
regard, and have been respectful
of each other’s accomplishments.
This mutual respect remained
unscathed during several trying
times.
π These considerations, and many
more propelled the management of
RIETER and SUESSEN, after more
than one year of deliberation and
discussion, to make this strategic
move.
4
SPINNOVATION No. 6
3. What are the Effects
on SUESSEN’s Customers?
There will be no change for our cus-
tomers: The SUESSEN management
remains in place.
There will be no changes in the sales
and agency structure of SUESSEN.
The people you are used to deal with
will continue to be at your disposal.
The core of SUESSEN’s activities will
not change, but become even more
focused on SUESSEN’s primary busi-
ness:
ENABLE THE CUSTOMER TO PUT TO
USE THE LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN
SPINNING WITHOUT HAVING TO
REPLACE A COMPLETE MACHINE,
BUT REPLACE ONLY THE TECH-
NOLOGICALLY RELEVANT PARTS.
We will consequently and logically put
all our activities into:
– Modernizing OE machines with the
SC -M, or SC 2-M, and the SQ -
packages
– Modernizing ring spinning machi-
nes, either conventionally, or with
EliTeQ. Both for short staple and for
long staple.
– Offer the best OE components to
the industry.
– Continue research into ever better
solutions for our customers.
– Service all products SUESSEN
has sold in the past, or will sell in
future.
This is really what modernization is all
about: Get the latest cutting edge
technology, without the unnecessary
expense of buying a completely new
machine.
This is where we at SUESSEN feel, we
can serve our customers best: By
avoiding the (unnecessary) capital
outlay of a completely new machine,
but only buying, what is really needed,
SUESSEN’s customers gain a
competitive advantage.
Joining hands with RIETER helps us to
focus on our core business, and there-
fore, so we firmly believe, helps you,
our customer!
Sincerely yours
Erik Hartmann Peter Stahlecker
(Co Managing (Co Managing
Director) Director)
5
SPINNOVATION No. 6
Retrofitting Existing
Worsted Spinning Frames with the
SUESSEN EliteQSpinning System
Considering the development of the
market for high-quality worsted yarns
during the last two years, two aspects
are striking:
On the one hand we can observe, that
the overall yarn consumption only
increases very moderately, on the
other hand the market for superior
yarn quality sets ever higher quality
standards. This market sector is consi-
derably extending, and the demand for
such high-quality yarns can hardly be
satisfied.
Simultaneously we can observe that
the pressure on prices for standard
qualities is getting more and more
unbearable, while it is astonishing that
price is of rather secondary impor-
tance for genuine top qualities.
This phenomenon becomes most
evident in the market for wool tops.
The demand for finest fibres can
hardly be satisfied, whereas medium
and coarser fibres drug on the market.
Comparing the economical situation
of various companies and regions, the
result is similar: The manufacturers of
finest yarns nowadays can be found -
not exclusively, but mainly - in Italy.
Terms like ”recession” or ”lack of
orders” are almost unknown to these
spinning mills, while in other regions
the spinners of standard yarn suffer
from the pressure on prices for their
products. While one mill is hardly in a
position to get a minimum return on
its investment, the other enjoys good
profits.
It would be interesting in this context
to analyse where new worsted spin-
ning frames were mainly delivered to
in the last decade. As was to be
expected, exactly those regions, where
business with superior qualities nowa-
days is booming, have absorbed the
majority of new machines. A correla-
tion can be definitely established bet-
ween prosperity and investment activi-
ties of worsted spinning mills.
In this situation and before this back-
ground the market introduction of the
SUESSEN EliteQSpinning Method
gains dramatically in importance,
because this spinning method en-
ables the spinner to produce from a
given material a superior quality, which
has been unimaginable until now, or to
spin a certain quality with fibres of a
substantially higher mm-value. Consi-
dering the current price structure, a
difference of one mm often decides on
a moderate or good profit in yarn
sales.
Since the demand in the worsted sec-
tor can easily be satisfied by the cap-
acity installed, mills in general are not
inclined to increase capacity. As a
rule, new machines are purchased, if
obsolete machines must be replaced.
The SUESSEN EliTeQSpinning System
offers the enormous advantage that it
cannot only be applied in new machi-
nes, but is also well-suited for retrofit-
ting existing installations.
To a quality-conscious worsted spin-
ner this offers the possibility of updat-
ing his machines, which used to ope-
rate perfectly from the mechanical
point of view in accordance with the
former state of technique, by retrofit-
ting a system which represents the
latest technological development. This
is the prerequisite to either produce
yarns of superior quality, or to
increase profits by maintaining the
current quality, but applying cheaper
raw material.
Let us explain retrofitting by the exam-
ple of a Zinser worsted frame. Fig.
shows the cross-section of a drafting
system with the EliteQSpinning Sys-
tem. The drafting system is followed by
a condensing zone, which consists of
the profile tube , the lattice apron 2
and the delivery top roller 3. The deliv-
ery top roller 3 is driven by the front
top roller 5 via a small gear 4. The pro-
file tube is closely embraced by a lat-
tice apron 2 driven by the delivery top
roller 3. The profile tube is under nega-
tive pressure produced by suction unit
6. Profile tube has an oblique slot
extending up to the clamping point
between profile tube and delivery top
roller. The fibres emerging from the
drafting system are gripped by the air-
flow created by vacuum and lattice
apron and transported towards the
oblique edge of the slot and conse-
quently condensed. At the delivery
clamping line the fibre strand has
achieved its optimum condensation.
After the clamping line, twist is
6
SPINNOVATION No. 6
imparted to an ideally straightened
fibre strand, with individual parallel
and optimally condensed fibres
without protruding hairs. Conse-
quently, the conditions for yarn pro-
duction by twisting individual fibres
are practically ideal.
The so produced ”Compact Yarn”
stands out for increased strength,
substantially reduced hairiness and
higher elasticity. It is very impressing
to see and feel the influence of this
yarn structure on the finished fabric or
knitwear. The lustre of the textile article
is considerably improved, the appear-
ance (stitch definition) is more pro-
nounced, the overall structure is more
defined, less feeble.
If it is possible to dispense with
increasing yarn strength, as for exam-
ple for knitwear, yarn twist can be
reduced by 0 to 20% so that the
handle of the knitwear becomes softer
and more appealing.
An advantage from the economical
point of view is the fact that the ends-
down rate of ring spinning frames with
the EliTeQSystem is cut in half, and
that machine contamination is consi-
derably reduced. In subsequent pro-
cessing EliTeQYarns offer important
advantages by increasing the effi-
ciency of weaving or knitting machines.
In summary we can say that retrofitting
existing worsted ring spinning frames
with the SUESSEN EliTeQSystem
offers the chance to produce yarns
with a quality standard incomparable
until now. This meets in an ideal man-
ner the requirements of the market for
better and better yarns and increa-
singly luxurious end products.
(HST)
5
6
4
3
12
Fig. Cross-section Zinser frame with EliTeQCompact Drafting System
7
SPINNOVATION No. 6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
[%]
cN/te
xE%
work
cap
acity
(cN*c
m)
Ust
er C
V% m
ass
thin
pla
ces/
1000
m (-
50%
)
thic
k pla
ces/
1000
m (+
50%
)
neps/
1000
m (+
200%
)
hairines
s Ust
er (H
)
hairines
s Zw
eigle
(S3)
fibre
loss
pneu
maf
il
ends-
down/1
000
Sph
EliTe®
conventional
Advantages of the
SUESSEN EliTeQSpinning System
in Worsted Spinning
The SUESSEN EliTeQSpinning System
permits to spin worsted yarns in a
quality unknown until now. The follow-
ing chart shows the quality difference
between EliTeQYarn and conventional
ring-spun yarn of 00% wool.
In addition, the SUESSEN EliTeQSpin-
ning System impresses with its versa-
tility and economical advantages that
cannot be overlooked:
π Apart from 00% wool, synthetic
fibres and blends of synthetic
fibres with wool and other natural
fibres can be processed.
π SIRO-spun yarns can be pro-
duced.
π Soft and hard core yarns of highest
quality can be spun.
π Compared with conventional spin-
ning, ends-down can be reduced
by up to 60%.
π The percentage of good fibres in
trash, i.e. fibres sucked by the suc-
tion system during the spinning
process, is reduced from about
0.5-0.7% to under 0.05%.
π The number of fibres in the yarn
cross-section can be reduced by
up to 0-5%, or a given count can
be spun into a finer yarn.
π Coarser fibres can be used than in
conventional spinning to spin a
given yarn count.
Chart: Quality difference between EliTeQYarn and conventional ring yarn of 00% wool
8
SPINNOVATION No. 6
The high quality of EliTeQWorsted
Yarns becomes visible by their proper-
ties in the downstream process and in
the finished textile product:
π Where singeing of yarns has been
necessary until now, it is now poss-
ible with EliTeQYarns to either
renounce to this operation or to
reduce considerably the waste of
singeing.
π Savings in sizing and desizing are
achievable.
π Hairiness increase in package
dyeing is lower than for conventio-
nally spun worsted yarns.
π Owing to better dynamometrical
properties of EliTeQYarns, the
machine efficiency in weaving and
knitting is improved.
π Fabric strength is higher.
π Tendency of textile articles towards
pilling is reduced.
π Fabric surface is smoother.
π Finished products have a better
lustre.
π Cloth of EliTeQWorsted Yarns is
more crease-resistant.
π Weaving structure and stitch defi-
nition are better.
π If a soft touch of the article is
desired, yarn twist can be reduced
by about 0-20% compared with
conventional spinning.
The SUESSEN EliTeQSpinning System
offers substantial technological
and economical advantages to all
involved in the downstream process.
(Lg)
L.H. Conventional ring yarn
00% wool
R.H. EliTeQYarn 00% wool
Zinser 42 with EliTeQCompact Spinning System
9
SPINNOVATION No. 6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
162 m/s 180 m/s 198 m/s 216 m/s
cN
/te
x
T231BD
T233BD
Rotor "A",33mm
T236BD
T240BD
Rotor "A",40mm
Rotor Speed –
fast, faster, fastest?
Rotor speeds have been an important
issue, since rotor spinning was
invented. While originally, the main
problem was to surpass mechanical
limits set for example by direct bear-
ing, the topic of mechanically possible
speed is still being discussed nowa-
days.
But today it is rather the question how
rotor speed can be increased with dif-
ferent rotor diameters, without causing
disadvantages to the spinner or his
customer in yarn quality or running
properties.
This is why SUESSEN makes a clear
distinction between the speed, which
is mechanically possible with a certain
rotor, and the speed, which is reason-
able in the spinning mill and in down-
stream processes.
With regard to the maximum possible
speed there is no difference between
the various manufacturers of rotors.
SUESSEN and its competitors propa-
gate the same figures.
However, SUESSEN is distinguished
from other companies in the market by
the fact that not only impressing figu-
res are published, but that clients are
informed of the effects of different
speeds, so that one or the other
unpleasant surprise is spared.
An extensive study, which has now
been repeated, confirms all our find-
ings about the correlation between
rotor speed and yarn quality values,
spinning stability, etc. In addition, we
had the opportunity to include two
rotor types of another manufacturer in
our study. The test results are self-
explanatory, therefore the diagrams
are only provided with short com-
ments.
We analysed SUESSEN rotors with
diameters of 3, 33, 36 and 40 mm.
Furthermore, competitive rotors of the
same type with diameters of 33 and 40
mm were tested under exactly the
same conditions (marked »Rotor”A”« in
the diagrams). Speed was increased
step by step; the assignment of the
individually shown circumferential
speeds to the rotor speeds of different
rotor diameters can be seen in chart 7.
Two current yarn counts were spun,
00% cotton, Nm 34 and Nm 50 (Ne
20, Ne 30). Yarn count Nm 34 (Ne 20)
is represented as an example in the
diagram.
Tenacity Chart : Yarn tenacity decreases with increasing circumferential speed and consequently with increasing rotor
speed. The decrease of tenacity alone is not important, as a rule, but in combination with elongation much greater impor-
tance must be attached to it.
Chart 1 Tenacity, 00% Co, Ne 20
Circumferential speed of rotor
0
SPINNOVATION No. 6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
162 m/s 180 m/s 198 m/s 216 m/s
E%
T231BD
T233BD
Rotor "A",33mm
T236BD
T240BD
Rotor "A",40mm
Elongation Chart 2: Rotor speed has a distinct influence on yarn elongation. Irrespective of the rotor diameter, elongation
decreases with all rotors. For this yarn count alone the loss in elongation is 25%!
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
162 m/s 180 m/s 198 m/s 216 m/s
cN
*cm
T231BD
T233BD
Rotor "A",33mm
T236BD
T240BD
Rotor "A",40mm
Capacity ofWork Chart 3: The capacity of work of a yarn is the result of tenacity and elongation. Consequently, if these two
values decrease with increasing rotor speed, the influence on the capacity of work of a yarn will become all the more appar-
ent. Capacity of work indicates to how much load a yarn can be subjected, before it breaks, and therefore is of utmost impor-
tance for example for weaving mills.
Chart 3 shows a decrease already for a circumferential speed between 80 and 98 m/s, what corresponds for example to a
speed of 84,000 to 92,000 rpm of a 40 mm rotor.
Chart 2 Elongation, 00% Co, Ne 20
Circumferential speed of rotor
Chart 3 Capacity ofWork, 00% Co, Ne 20
Circumferential speed of rotor
SPINNOVATION No. 6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
162 m/s 180 m/s 198 m/s 216 m/s
Uste
r C
V%
T231BD
T233BD
Rotor "A",33mm
T236BD
T240BD
Rotor "A",40mm
Yarn Irregularity (Chart 4) and Imperfections Chart 5
100% Co, Ne 20, Imperfections -50%, +50%, +280%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
162 m/s 180 m/s 198 m/s 216 m/s
IPI
T231BD
T233BD
Rotor "A",33mm
T236BD
T240BD
Rotor "A",40mm
Chart 4 and 5: Yarn irregularity and imperfections behave just like the aforesaid quality values. It can be seen that higher
rotor speeds result in a poorer yarn quality. An increase in imperfections is obvious. This does not only affect the appearance
of a textile article, but also the running properties of the machine due to an increasing number of clearer cuts.
Chart 4 Yarn Irregularity, 00% Co, Ne 20
Circumferential speed of rotor
Chart 5 Imperfections, 00% Co, Ne 20
Circumferential speed of rotor
2
SPINNOVATION No. 6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
162 m/s 180 m/s 198 m/s 216 m/s
alp
ha m
min
.
T231BD
T233BD
Rotor "A",33mm
T236BD
T240BD
Rotor "A",40mm
Spinning Stability Chart 6: The alpha m min. value can be determined for every rotor. It is an indicator of running properties,
irrespective of external influence, as for instance particles of husk in cotton or spin-finish in synthetic fibres. The lower this
determined alpha min value, the better the running properties to be expected. For the yarn shown in this diagram, the optimum
is again in a range of more or less 80 m/s (for a 33 mm rotor this would correspond, for example, to a speed of 00,000 rpm).
It is a well-known fact, that spinning tension increases with rising rotor speed. And the higher the spinning tension, the more
sensitive is the whole spinning process to interruptions of thicks, thins or particles of husk. The result of this influence are ten-
sion peaks. While a rotor, operated at a ”reasonable” speed, will cope with such short-term tension peaks without any problem,
they will inevitably result in ends-down at higher rotor speeds due to the already existing high basic tension.
162 m/s 180 m/s 198 m/s 216 m/s
70.000
80.000
90.000
100.000
110.000
120.000
130.000
Circumferential speed of rotor
Ro
tor
Sp
ee
d[1
/min
]
Rotor 31mm
Rotor 33mm
Rotor 36mm
Rotor 40mm
Circumferential Speed and Rotor
Speed (Chart 7)
In order to provide a comparative
basis to all individual tests, all trials
are set in relation to the circumferen-
tial speed of the rotor groove. Every
rotor with a certain circumferential
speed has a given rotor speed.
In the diagram the speeds applied in
the trials can be assigned to a speed
depending on the rotor diameter.
Simultaneously, the diagram shows
the speed ranges (green), which - as a
result of all tests - are recommendable
with regard to yarn quality and running
stability.
Chart 6 Spinning Stability, 00% Co, Ne 20
Circumferential speed of rotor
Chart 7
3
SPINNOVATION No. 6
Summary:
π With regard to yarn quality values
and running stability, each rotor
has its optimum in a certain speed
range. If this optimum is exceeded,
disadvantages will be the result,
which will become apparent either
already in the spinning process, or
only in the downstream process.
π However, the rotors of other manu-
facturers are subject to the same
laws, i.e. with increasing rotor
speed capacity of work and elon-
gation decrease considerably, yarn
irregularity and imperfections fall
off.
π The rotor speed for optimum run-
ning properties is lower than the
mechanically possible speed.
π To ensure a sufficient running sta-
bility, the rotor speed must not be
too low (necessary centrifugal for-
ces).
π For this reason, SUESSEN provi-
des its clients with recommenda-
tions concerning speed, which are
very useful with regard to yarn
quality and running stability in the
spinning mill.
π Instead of operating a rotor at the
mechanical speed limit, we sug-
gest that - whenever this is allowed
by the technological requirements
- the next smaller rotor is chosen
and operated at the same speed
without production loss. (Ur)
4
SPINNOVATION No. 6
State of Development
of Compact Spinning Systems –
EliTeQConversion as a Cost-Saving Alternative to Produce High-Quality Compact Yarns
. Introduction
The advantages of compact yarns
over standard ring yarns have already
been given full treatment. It is a matter
of fact that all involved in the produc-
tion and processing of compact yarns,
enjoy undeniable advantages, which
substantially strengthen the market
position of a company compared with
its competitors.
The spinners of compact yarns are
mainly interested in improving yarn
quality and producing yarns of a dif-
ferent structure. From the better utili-
zation of fibre substance of compact
yarns result new possibilities in raw
material application.
Weaving and knitting mills enjoy bene-
fits above all from an improved pro-
cessability of compact yarns. The
advantages resulting from the struc-
ture of compact yarns offer most
attractive aspects in marketing textile
articles of special categories.
The continuously growing range of
finished products from compact yarns,
which conquer the market with new
quality standards, contributes to the
booming development of the market
for compact yarns.
2.What are the aspects of a success-
ful Compact Spinning System?
During the last ITMA 999 in Paris
experts were confronted with Compact
Spinning Systems of three competi-
tors.
Two of them, the EliTeQSystem and the
COM4 System, have been met with
approval on a wide basis.
An analysis of the current Compact
Spinning Systems permits to draw
conclusions with regard to the pros
and cons of the relevant system.
The main purpose of compact spin-
ning is the elimination of the spinning
triangle at the front roller pair of the
drafting system, technologically
speaking the weakest point of ring
spinning. The elimination of the spin-
ning triangle results in a permanent
change of yarn structure, which distin-
guishes compact yarns from classical
ring yarns.
In compact spinning the mass of fibres
is condensed, before twist is imparted
by the spindle. This condensation
happens in the so-called condensing
zone following the main drafting zone
and is realized by an air-flow created
by a vacuum as well as by mechanical
transport of the fibres by means of the
lattice apron against the oblique slot.
5
SPINNOVATION No. 6
Fig. : L.H. side: Conventional Spinning with Spinning Triangle. R.H. side: EliTeQSpinning with out Spinning Triangle
Geometrical conditions and technical
design of the components forming the
condensing zone decide on the effect
achievable in the permanent change
of the yarn structure.
Obviously, the total elimination of the
spinning triangle aimed at is only
possible if the fibre strand is perfectly
controlled from the condensing zone
up to the clamping line immediately
before the twist imparting component.
In the case of EliTeQ, as well as in the
case of COM4, fibres arrive at the
clamping line restricted to the width of
the fibre strand. Consequently, no
spinning triangle can be produced.
(Fig. 1)
The second criterion of a successful
compact spinning system is the inten-
sity of condensation and capability of
embedding peripheral fibres.
Practical experience has proved that a
slot applied at a certain angle to the
flow of fibres offers the best results.
The result of such an arrangement is a
defined condensing line for the con-
trolled fibres. This enables the periph-
eral fibres to parallelize along the yarn
core being created.
A side effect of the obliquely arranged
slot is that laps are avoided, which
would be built up by fibres not gripped
in the condensing zone.
Both EliTeQ and COM4 employ such a
position of the suction slot with regard
to the yarn path. (Fig. 2)
For the sake of easy operation care
should be taken that the drafting sys-
tem design is as clear as possible.
It turned out that operators feel dis-
turbed, for example, by an overhead
suction system.
The EliTeQDrafting System is designed
on the basis of a classical 3-roller
drafting system. It is therefore suitable
for both short- and long-staple spin-
ning.
The geometrical conditions, above all
the length of the uncontrolled zones,
permit the EliTeQDrafting System to
process all fibres with good results,
6
SPINNOVATION No. 6
Fig. 2: Top view of EliTeQCondensing Zone
7
SPINNOVATION No. 6
Fig. 3: Rieter G 5/2 updated into EliTeQE -M
Fig. 4: Zinser 42 with EliTeQCompact Spinning System
which can be spun by the conven-
tional method.
The condensing zone of the EliTeQ
Drafting System is designed to pro-
cess all types of fibres, also flexible
synthetic fibres.
The EliTeQDrafting System also offers
the possibility of producing CoreYarns
with excellent results.
3. Retrofitting of the EliTeQDrafting
System on existing frames
The approx. 500,000 spindles instal-
led world-wide and producing com-
pact yarns can no more keep up with
the increasing demand for compact
yarns.
New paths must be opened up to
satisfy the growing demand rapidly
and at moderate expenses.
The ring spinning frame is extremely
capital-intensive and has not under-
gone any particular technological
progress in the past years. The optimi-
zation of automation in the last 0
years alone does not justify the pur-
chase of new machines.
This is one of the reasons why – with
the exception of extending capacity -
investment in new ring spinning fra-
mes as a rule ranks low in a spinning
mill.
Components and structural groups of
ring spinning frames, which are sus-
ceptible to wear, in particular those of
the drafting system, are replaced at
least once after 8-0 years of opera-
tion, before a new machine is pur-
chased.
8
SPINNOVATION No. 6
Weaving yarn
Nm 68, 00%
carded cotton
Knitting yarn
Nm 50, 00%
carded cotton
Yarn count
Nm 48
00% wool
USTER CV % – 4% – 5% – 12%
Thins (– 50%) – 54% – 40% – 80%
Thicks (+50%) – 32% – 38% – 85%
Tenacity (cN/tex) + 16% + 9% + 10%
Elongation (%): + 6% + 3% + 19%
USTER hairiness – 25% – 11% – 21%
ZWEIGLE hairiness (S3) – 90% – 72% – 63%
Ends-down – 50% – 32% – 42%
Chart :
The EliTeQDrafting System descends
from the classical 3-roller drafting sys-
tem in the direct line.
For obvious reasons, ring spinning fra-
mes in general can be equipped with
this drafting system. It is either poss-
ible to equip new machines, or to
retrofit existing frames within the fra-
mework of an overall drafting system
modernization.
Modernization packages have been
developed for current types of existing
ring frames. Apart from components
for technological upgrading they
include the elements which have to be
replaced anyway.
Usually, such a package comprises
the following elements:
π top weighting arm
π front bottom roller
π reinforcement of draft gearing
π EliTeQComponents for the drafting
system with relevant brackets
π EliFan suction unit
Compared with an investment in new
ring frames, the modernization of the
drafting system of an existing machine
is more attractive considering the cap-
ital expenditure.
As the familiar basic machine is main-
tained after modernization, the organi-
zation of the mill is not affected.
Production loss during the period of
erection is within an acceptable range.
Measures to obtain the usual machine
efficiency are only extended by the
new EliTeQunits.
4. Practical experience
with modernized machines
Modernization of existing ring frames
with EliTeQDrafting Systems has been
carried out successfully already in a
number of mills.
The improved parameters of the yarns
produced are shown – for some
exemplary yarn types – in Chart . For
a comparison of the parameters yarns
with the same twist coefficient were
used.
It can be seen that the obtained qua-
lity improvement of the yarns produc-
ed is typical for compact yarns.
Apart from the improved basic para-
meters of yarns like USTER CV%,
thins and thicks, which are partly due
to the modernization of the drafting
system components, EliTeQYarns have
dramatically reduced hairiness values.
The better utilization of fibre sub-
stance is reflected by substantially
improved tenacity and elongation
values of the EliTeQYarns.
Outstanding are the reduced ends-
down rates in spinning with the EliTeQ
Drafting System.
The improved yarn parameters achiev-
ed by the modernized machines are
equivalent with improvements obtain-
able for the same qualities with Fiomax
E machines.
Customers producing compact yarns
on new and on modernized machines
market them with the same label.
Modernizing existing ring spinning fra-
mes with the EliTeQSpinning System is
a cost-saving alternative to produce
high-quality compact yarns.
(PP)
9
SPINNOVATION No. 6
Balancing of OE-Rotors
e
w
m
F= m.e.w²12
Fig.
m2
F2
F1m1
e1
Fig. 2
A rigid rotating body is called
a gyroscope.
About 80 years ago, the English
astronomer Sir John Herschel called
the gyroscope a philosophical tool. By
that he meant, that it is uniquely suit-
able to teach students of mechanical
engineering the laws of classical
mechanics.
The general equations of motion for a
gyroscope (in a frame of reference
attached to this gyroscope) are as fol-
lows:
C’ij + eijk v’j C’kl v’l = M’i ()
where:
C’ij = Tensor of Inertia
(a tensor of rank 2)
v’j = Vector of the rotational speed
(”rpm of the OE rotor”)
eijk = Kronecker’s permutation
symbol
M’i = Resulting Moment
(The prime on all symbols denotes,
that they are to be evaluated in a
frame of reference attached to the
gyroscope).
As an OE rotor is a rigid (in good
approximation) and (mostly) rotating
body at high speeds, it certainly is a
gyroscope in the a.m. definition, and
hence the above equations do apply.
I will not use any of this, but I show it to
impress on the reader, that the theory
behind this is by no means trivial or
simple. Instead, we will use a different,
less general way to explain the facts
behind BALANCING rotors.
Definition:
Balancing means to add/subtract
masses on the rotor in such a way, that
it will rotate without exerting any dyna-
mical2 forces on its bearings. (Scienti-
fically: Add / subtract masses, such
that the tensor of inertia, -evaluated in
20
SPINNOVATION No. 6
Fig. 3
a frame of reference attached to the
rotor and such that the vector v points
in the x-direction of said frame of refe-
rence- assumes a diagonal form:
C’ij = 0 for i =/ j)
. Static Balancing
Balancing in One Plane
Imagine a very flat disc rotating about
an axis perpendicular to its center. Let
us assume, that a small additional
mass3 ”m” is located at a distance ”e”
from the axle. (Fig. )
We see, that this mass will, when the
rotor turns, create a centrifugal force:
F = ⁄2 m*v2*e = ⁄2*i*v2
where i = m*e is called the residual
imbalance (2).
This kind of imbalance can be cor-
rected by removing this mass. This
gyroscope is balanced, if no matter
how it is aligned, it rests in this posi-
tion. (As long as the imbalancing mass
is present, this gyroscope will align
itself in such a way, that the ”disturbing
mass” will be down.)
Since this imbalance can be corrected
by removing mass in the plane of the
disc, and since it can be detected stati-
cally (put the rotor in two prisms. It will
turn, until the disturbing mass will be
at the bottom. Remove some mass at
the top. Let the rotor find its equilibr-
ium again. Remove mass at the top.
Continue until the disc will remain in
any position), this is called static
balancing or balancing in one plane.
(This is, how car tires are balanced
normally.)
2. Dynamic Balancing
Balancing in Two Planes.
Now, an OE rotor is not a flat disc.
Look at Fig. 2. Here, the disc has some
width. There are two disturbing mas-
ses, but they are not in the same
plane. When this rotor turns, it is clear,
that disturbing mass m, and disturb-
ing mass m2 will create ”individual”
centrifugal forces F and F2.
Two things are obvious from Fig. 2:
π By removing mass only in one
plane, this rotor cannot possibly be
balanced.
π If the two disturbing masses are
opposite each other,
and if m*e =4 m2*e2,
then this type of imbalance cannot
possibly be found with static
balancing methods.
This type of imbalance can only be
detected and corrected by balancing
the rotor in two planes, which means
detecting this type of imbalance dyna-
mically (i.e. the rotor is turning) and
removing mass in two different planes.
It can be proven, that any such imba-
lance (consisting of many disturbing
masses mj located in different planes)
3 1
2
2
SPINNOVATION No. 6
can be detected with dynamic balanc-
ing, and can be corrected by removing
mass in exactly two planes. (No more,
but no less!!)
(NOTE: The encircled term of equation
() cannot be tackled with these
methods alone. However, as it is only
relevant during the (very short)
periods of accelerating / decelerating
of the rotor, these terms are generally
and safely ignored.)
3. Enough Theory...
After all this theory, let’s get back to
some practical considerations.
3.. Why can people generally get by
with balancing car tires in one plane
only? Well, at a speed of, say 200 km/h
(illegal on the roads of most coun-
tries), a typical tire rotates at around
2,000 rpm.
A typical OE rotor rotates at 20,000
rpm, that is over 50 times faster!! (If a
car tire rotated as fast as a rotor, the
car would be doing over 9,500 km/h,
8 times the speed of sound, well above
the Space Shuttle!!)
3.2. SUESSEN OE rotors are dynami-
cally balanced in two planes. If you
check them carefully, you will find on
most5 rotors, that they show grinding
marks at positions and 2 (Fig. 3). You
see on every original SUESSEN rotor
a black or red mark in position 3. This
mark helps the balancing machine to
determine just where the disturbing
mass has to be removed.
3.3. The maximum imbalance on
SUESSEN rotors is generally around
i = 3.5 gmm. We regularly check com-
petitive products, and have found
imbalances as high as i = 25 gmm!! We
have also found, that many competitive
products are only balanced in one
plane (Cheaper to manufacture,
but . . . . .)
3.4. Some competitors claim, that
”their manufacturing accuracy is such,
that two plane balancing simply is not
needed”.
To this, we answer:
SUESSEN has manufactured more
rotors, than any competitor. Surely, we
can manufacture them as accurately
as anybody else! The truth about these
competitive claims is more than
doubtful, see our results above......
3.5. The drawbacks of poorly balan-
ced rotors are:
π reduced TwinDisc life
π excessive noise
π reduced spinning stability
SUMMARY: Balancing rotors is but
one aspect of proper rotor manufac-
ture. It is not an art, but solid, deep
mechanical engineering. Without
proper understanding, OE rotors might
(and are) improperly balanced.
SUESSEN has the expertise, acquired
over many years to correctly balance
OE rotors.
(PST)
1 Sir John Frederick William Herschel
(792–87) nostly noted for this com-
plete ”map” of galaxies and nebulae.
2 Forces occurring only with the rotor
turning. Static forces (the weight of the
rotor) cannot obviously be eliminated.
3 Generally due to manufacturing
4 Actually
,the equation is slightly more involved,
but the full equation does not help the
basic understanding.
5 Some just happen to be so close to
o.k., that the second plane balancing
ist not necessary.
22
SPINNOVATION No. 6
TC Rotors
in the Spinning Mill
After almost 2 years since the market
introduction of TC rotors, we are now in
a position to evaluate the advantages
spinning mills can obtain from this
rotor developed on the basis of the T
rotor. Above all, we hear two catch-
words concerning this rotor, which
was originally designed for processing
coarse yarns:
Production and Quality
The TC rotor can be applied - in parti-
cular in the coarse count range - in all
those cases, where a spinning mill has
had to decide for a compromise so far.
High-quality yarn at the expense of
production, or high production at the
expense of yarn quality.
A TC rotor can combine both require-
ments, owing to its special properties
and advantages over other rotors.
Advantages over a T rotor:
π less ends-down
π less groove contamination
π less sensitive to dirty cotton
π higher production, because smal-
ler rotor diameters are possible
owing to reduced groove contami-
nation
Advantages over an S rotor:
π less groove contamination
π less sensitive to dirty cotton
π improved yarn quality values, less
ends-down in warp and weft
Advantages over a U rotor:
π improved yarn quality values, less
ends-down in warp and weft
This can be illustrated by two practical
and very typical examples.
Spinning mills frequently use a T46
rotor for coarse count range. A smaller
rotor usually cannot be applied due to
the big mass of fibres. Yarn quality
values are satisfactory with a T46
rotor, but the delivery does not fully
exploit the potential of the machine,
considering a rotor speed of about
60,000 rpm, which is usual in prac-
tice.
But it would be possible to increase
production by up to 40%, without qua-
lity loss, rather with improved yarn
quality values, if only the suitable rotor
were chosen.
23
SPINNOVATION No. 6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
nRotor (1/min) delivery
(m/min.)
production cN/tex E% Uster CV% Imperfections endsdown/kg
yarn
Yarn: 100% Co, Ne 5,5
T246BD
TC240BD
Yarn: 00% Co, Ne 5.5
Rotor Speed
(/min)
Delivery
(m/min)
Production cN/tex E% Uster CV% Imper-
fections
Ends-down
/kg yarn
T246BD 60,000 39 – 2.9 7.4 2. -4-9 0.26
TC240BD 84,000 94 + 40% 3. 7.5 .8 0-7-4 0.4
The application of TC rotors prevails in
typical Denim spinning mills. Due to
their running properties, Denim yarns
usually must be spun with the wider
grooves of the U or S rotor. The T rotors
existing so far would produce very
good yarn quality values, but their nar-
row groove is often prejudicial to run-
ning properties.
This is where the TC rotor comes into
play.
It combines the good yarn quality
values of T rotors with the good run-
ning properties of a wider groove.
The advantages obtained, i.e. yarn
strength, irregularity etc., can be pur-
sued over reduced ends-down rates
in the weaving mill up to a more regu-
lar appearance of the finished textile
product.
24
SPINNOVATION No. 6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
nRotor
(1/min.)
cN/tex E% Capacity of
work (cN*cm)
Uster CV% Imperfections Ends-down/kg
yarn
Ends-down/
100,000 weft
insert.
Yarn: 100% Co, Ne 7
U240BD
S240BD
TC240BD
Yarn: 00% Co, Ne 7
Rotor Speed
(/min)
cN/tex E% Capacity
of work
(cN*cm)
Uster CV% Imper-
fections
Ends-down
/kg yarn
Ends-down
/00000
weft insert
U240BD 80,000 0.9 7.8 938 2.4 -2-3 0.0 4.5
S240BD 80,000 0.7 7.9 932 2.3 -9-4 0.08 4.7
TC240BD 80,000 .3 8.2 23 .9 -8-4 0.05 2.9
These are but two examples of the
range of applications possible with the
TC rotor. These rotors are now avail-
able with diameter 33, 36, 40, 46 and
56 mm, and are successfully applied
for
π processing coarse yarns as des-
cribed
π more bulky yarns, even with finer
counts (e.g. PAC)
π coarse synthetic yarns, usually
produced in combination with the
SUESSEN MIMA navel
(Ur)
25
SPINNOVATION No. 6
NEWSNEWSNEWSStrengthening SUESSEN’s
Top Management
In the wake of RIETER taking a 9%
share in the equity of SUESSEN, Mr.
Erik Hartmann was appointed Joint
Managing Director by the Board of
Directors of Spindelfabrik SUESSEN
GmbH, effective June 25th, 200.
Mr. Erik Hartmann is a 39 years old
Swiss national. He is married with two
children. Mr. Hartmann holds an
advanced degree in Industrial Engi-
neering from ETH, the renowned Swiss
Technical University located in Zurich.
Part of his post graduate education
was done in the USA.
His limited leisure time is spent with
his family. Uncommonly, Mr. Hartmann
and his wife share a common interest
in ”Handball”, a sport somewhat similar
to soccer, but far less popular.
Before joining the SUESSEN Manage-
ment Board, Mr. Hartmann worked in
various management positions with
RIETER in Winterthur, where he was
recognized among the top achievers.
RIETER G-33 ”EliTeQ”
At the recent Pre-ITMA-Asia press
conference held in Zurich, Mr. Peter
Gnägi, Head of all of RIETER’s spun
yarn activities, announced, that
RIETER will adapt their proven G-33
ring spinning machine to SUESSEN’s
EliTeQSystem. A final date for release
was not given. The strategy is to
alternatively offer to the customer
COM4 (i.e. the K-44) or EliTeQ on
G-33. This announcement came as no
surprise to insiders, given the success
of EliTeQ in recent times. This does not
in any way affect SUESSEN’s upgrad-
ing to EliTeQ of existing ring spinning
machines.
ITMA ASIA Singapore
SUESSEN will participate in the exhi-
bition ITMA ASIA Singapore from
October 5–9, 200, as co-exhibitor
together with RIETER, Switzerland.
The Booth C-28 has a total space of
630 sqm and is located in Hall 2.
SUESSEN will show their latest deve-
lopments in the modernization of rotor
spinning machines as well as the
modernization of existing ring spin-
ning frames with the EliTeQCompact
Spinning System for short staple spin-
ning and worsted spinning.
See the STANDARDin Hairiness Testing
For more information about the G 566 Hairiness Tester please contact us at:Zweigle Textilprüfmaschinen GmbH&Co. KGFerdinand-Lassalle-Strasse 54, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany, Fax: ++4972509325, e-mail: [email protected]
TEXTILPRÜFMASCHINEN
. . . see yo
u at
ITMAAS
IA
Singapo
re
Hall2,
Booth A
52
