Success of STAR-CCM+ Application in the Design Process of Modern Gas Turbine 0

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  • 5/28/2018 Success of STAR-CCM+ Application in the Design Process of Modern Gas Turbine 0

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013

    December 3, Yokohama, Japan

    Engineering Success by Application of

    STAR-CCM+ for Modern Gas Turbine Design

    Norbert Moritz, Karsten Kusterer, Ren Braun, Anis Haj Ayed

    B&B-AGEMA GmbH, Aachen, Germany

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 2

    Contact:

    B&B-AGEMA

    Dr.-Ing.

    Karsten Kusterer

    B&B-AGEMA GmbH

    Juelicher Str. 338

    52070 Aachen

    Ph.: +49-241-56878-0

    Fax: +49-241-56878-79

    [email protected]

    www.bub-agema.de

    Founded in 1995, located in Aachen, Germany

    Independentengineering service company

    Company Expertise

    compressor and turbine design for steam & gas turbines

    component design & re-design, technology development,

    reviews, test-rig realization, advisory service

    research in cooling technologies (e.g. innovative film cooling)

    combustion technology

    optimization of pre-mixed combustion systems

    Low-NOx hydrogen combustion

    power plant

    CFD / CHT Analysis & Flow Optimization of power plant

    components (cooling tower, valve, condenser, moisture

    separator, etc.)

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 3

    Content

    Introduction on modern GT development

    Compressor design 2D design tool ACF2D & interface to STAR-CCM+

    Multi-stage axial compressor

    Combustor design

    Dry Low-NOx (DLN) pre-mixed combustion

    New designed industrial gas turbine

    Cooled turbine design

    Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) application

    Upgrade of E-class 1stvane

    Conclusion

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 4

    Example of Modern GT Development: Full Approach

    Industrial gas turbine L20ACourtesy of Kawasaki HeavyIndustries

    RESEARCH &

    DEVELOPMENT

    COMPONENT

    DESIGN

    CFD / CHT /COMBUSTION

    VALIDATION

    COMPONENTTESTING

    FIELD TESTOPERATION

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 5

    Kawasaki L30A Overview

    30 MWelsimple cycle efficiency >40%

    References:

    Kawasaki GT line-up (GT2012-68668)

    Tanaka, R., Koji, T., Ryu, M., Matsuoka, A., Okuto, A.: Development Of

    High Efficient 30MW Class Gas Turbine - The Kawasaki L30A, ASME-

    paper GT2012-68668, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 2012.

    Taniguchi, T., Tanaka, R., Shinoda, Y., Ryu, M., Moritz, N., Kusterer, K.:

    Application of an Optical Pyrometer to Newly Developed Industrial Gas

    Turbine,ASME-paper GT2012-68679, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 2012

    Full CFD/CHT/combustion

    validations are of significant

    importance during the design

    process of modern gas turbines: to reach the advanced

    design specifications

    to accelerate the design

    process

    to reduce testing steps

    until product readiness

    to save money

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 6

    Kawasaki L30A: Examples for Modern Design Tool Application

    Worlds best Industrial GT Kawasaki L30AHighest PG efficiency in 30 MW class GTs

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 7

    Content

    Introduction on modern GT development

    Compressor design 2D design tool ACF2D & interface to STAR-CCM+

    Multi-stage axial compressor

    Combustor design

    Dry Low-NOx (DLN) pre-mixed combustion

    New designed industrial gas turbine

    Cooled turbine design

    Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) application

    Upgrade of E-class 1stvane

    Conclusion

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 8

    2D Streamline Curvature Code

    Developed for heavy duty and

    industrial GT axial compressors

    Fast design and upgrade of

    multi-stage compressors

    Quality of implemented

    correlations proven by several

    existing machines running

    successfully

    NACA65

    DCA

    NACA63

    CDA

    CDA high velocity

    MCA

    ACF2DAxial Compressor Design Software

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 9

    Interface ACF2D to STAR-CCM+

    All necessary input data are generated by ACF2D:

    3D blade geometry

    (currently NACA65, NACA63 and DCA)

    Hub and shroud geometry

    Mixingplane positions

    TurboWizard file Automated hexahedral mesh generation

    (H-O-H structure for each row) by TurboWizard

    All mixing planes & periodic interfaces

    established automatically by TurboWizard

    Mesh generation for 16 stage compressor takes

    30 minutes (approx. 5 GB RAM)

    2D results from ACF2D of pressure, temperature

    & velocity applied as initial solution

    Hexahedral mesh from STAR-CCM+ generated with TurboWizard

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 10

    Initial distribution of static pressure, static temperature &flow vectors from ACF2D result.

    Performing Grid Sequencing:

    5 grid levels

    convergence tolerance 0.05

    CFL number 5.0

    initialization example for rows 1 to 5

    Initialization with STAR-CCM+

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 11

    Example calculation for stages 1 to 3:

    Rotor tip clearance neglected

    Non-reflecting option in mixingplanes

    Continuous streamlines across blade rows

    Full 3D Aerodynamic Analysis of Axial Compressors with STAR-CCM+

    ACF2D STAR-CCM+

    Mass flow 502.3 kg/s 505.93 kg/s0.04 %

    1R 93.56 % 94.68 %

    2R 96.27 % 96.84 %

    3R 96.12 % 97.58 %

    91.14 % 92.40 %

    C

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 12

    Content

    Introduction on modern GT development

    Compressor design 2D design tool ACF2D & interface to STAR-CCM+

    Multi-stage axial compressor

    Combustor design

    Dry Low-NOx (DLN) pre-mixed combustion

    New designed industrial gas turbine

    Cooled turbine design

    Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) application

    Upgrade of E-class 1stvane

    Conclusion

    G T bi C b t D i ith STAR CCM

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 13

    Gas Turbine Combustor Design with STAR-CCM+

    can type DLN combustor

    fuel/air mixing

    flame stability

    combustion efficiency

    NOx emissions

    CO emissions

    structure cooling

    3D flow and reaction simulations with STAR-CCM+ help to identify and

    understand complex flow phenomena within modern gas turbine combustors.

    Such simulations support the detailed analyses

    and improvement of combustors

    with respect to:

    Worlds best Industrial Gas Turbine Kawasaki L30A

    Highest PG efficiency in 30 MW Class GTs.

    Courtesy of Kawasaki Heavy Industries

    G T bi C b t D i ith STAR CCM

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 14

    Comprehensive numerical modeling of a modern gas turbine

    combustor with STAR-CCM+:

    Gas Turbine Combustor Design with STAR-CCM+

    main combustion

    combustor exit

    fuel supply

    supplemental

    combustion

    air supply

    Worlds best Industrial Gas Turbine Kawasaki L30A

    Highest PG efficiency in 30 MW Class GTs.

    Courtesy of Kawasaki Heavy Industries

    G T bi C b t D i ith STAR CCM

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 15

    supplemental burner

    pilot burner

    premixed main

    burner air inlet

    exhaust

    gas

    refined mesh around the

    supplemental burner

    1.4 million polyhedral cells (90sector)

    standard eddy break up model (EBU)

    realizable k-epsilon turbulence model

    Gas Turbine Combustor Design with STAR-CCM+

    G T bi C b t D i ith STAR CCM+

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 16

    Gas Turbine Combustor Design with STAR-CCM+

    Non-reactive flow simulation: analyses of air/fuel mixing process

    based on gas mixture fluid model:

    fuel injection

    burner inlet area

    air / fuel mixedness as

    calculation result

    air / fuel

    premixing

    G T bi C b t D i ith STAR CCM+

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    Gas Turbine Combustor Design with STAR-CCM+

    Reactive flow simulation:

    visualization of flame structure, analyses of reaction process /

    species distribution and emission behavior (e.g. NOx )

    main combustion

    zone(iso-surface H2O mass fraction; color: temperature)

    combustor

    exit(color: temperature)

    air supply

    supplemental combustion zoneair /fuel

    premixing(streamline color:

    velocity)

    Content

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 18

    Content

    Introduction on modern GT development

    Compressor design 2D design tool ACF2D & interface to STAR-CCM+

    Multi-stage axial compressor

    Combustor design

    Dry Low-NOx (DLN) pre-mixed combustion

    New designed industrial gas turbine

    Cooled turbine design

    Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) application

    Upgrade of E-class 1stvane

    Conclusion

    Full CHT Approach with STAR CCM+ for Cooled Turbine Stages

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 19

    Successful implementation of

    STAR-CCM+ in turbine analyses

    investigation of innovative film cooling technologies

    for turbine blades

    upgrade analysis of turbine designs

    failure analysis

    CFD/CHT calculation procedure of a

    turbine upgrade analysis

    CFD calculation of multiple stages with

    consideration of cooling flow ejection to evaluate

    detailed B.C. for CHT calculation

    complex CHT calculation of single vanes and

    blades with detailed geometrical description and

    fine mesh (wall y+ < 1) to evaluate thermal

    conditions combination of detailed CHT results lead to a

    detailed thermal turbine model

    geometrical adjustments of inner cooling structure

    and the impact of thermal barrier coatings can be

    analyzed easily and fast in a parametric study

    Full CHT Approach with STAR-CCM+ for Cooled Turbine Stages

    CFD

    CHT

    complex thermal

    turbine model

    Upgrade E class Gas Turbine : 1st Stage Vane Analyses with STAR CCM+

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 20

    flow direction

    vane mesh specification

    Fluid: 7.04 million volume cells Solid: 1.04 million volume cells

    Prism layer around outside airfoil: 28 layers,

    1.15e-6 m first cell height

    Prism layer inside flow path: 15 layers, 1.6e-6 m

    first cell height

    local refinement area on suction side

    cooling air inflow

    main flow inlet

    outlet

    cooling air chamber

    main flow path

    CHT-calculation set up

    SST-GammaRe-theta Model

    Full conjugate calculation

    Combustion gas properties

    Upgrade E-class Gas Turbine : 1stStage Vane Analyses with STAR-CCM+

    detailed CHT simulation model

    Upgrade E class Gas Turbine : 1st Stage Vane Analyses with STAR CCM+

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 21

    Upgrade Solution

    1stvane upgrade analysis with

    STAR-CCM+

    parametric study for:

    redistribution of the internal cooling air TBCs of different thickness

    peak temperature reduction by 160C

    homogenization of the temperature

    distribution

    Benefits by application of STAR-CCM+ in

    upgrade design process

    accurate determination of the thermal

    conditions of cooled turbine parts

    fast evaluation of improved internalcooling designs

    reduction of experimental validations

    reduction of development time, effort and

    costs

    Upgrade E-class Gas Turbine : 1stStage Vane Analyses with STAR-CCM+

    Content

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    STAR Japanese Conference 2013, Yokohama, No. 22

    Content

    Introduction on modern GT development

    Compressor design 2D design tool ACF2D & interface to STAR-CCM+

    Multi-stage axial compressor

    Combustor design

    Dry Low-NOx (DLN) pre-mixed combustion

    New designed industrial gas turbine

    Cooled turbine design

    Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) application

    Upgrade of E-class 1stvane

    Conclusion

    Conclusion

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    Conclusion

    STAR-CCM+, with its high level of automation, meshing

    capabilities and high solution accuracy, is the favored

    commercial CAE tool to perform fast and accurate

    simulations as conjugate heat transfer, flow andcombustion calculations.

    Development time, effort and cost can be reduced

    significantly by the application of STAR-CCM+ within the

    R&D process.