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SUBTITLING TECHNIQUE AND EQUIVALENCE ON THE
DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING BY STUDENTS OF IAIN
SURAKARTA IN AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION CLASS
THESIS
Submitted to the Department of Language Studies, Graduate School of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta as partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Education
Written by:
MUHAMMAD FAUZAN AMINUDIN
S200160049
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM OF LANGUAGE STUDIES
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2018
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MOTTO
بَانِ ِ آَََلِء َرب ُِكَما تَُكذ ِ فَبِأَي
“Which Favours of your Lord would you deny?”
(QS. Ar Rahman 55:27)
Every knowledge needs sincerity and huge efforts
(Bapak M. Dian Nafi)
Take and Do it. The result would not be able deny your best efforts
(Writer)
Life is like riding bike. To keep your balance, you must keep moving
(Albert Einstein)
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DEDICATION
I proudly dedicate this thesis especially for:
His father, Muhammad Musthofa
His mother, Nur Fadhilah Istiqomah
His sisters, Muftichatul Ngulya Musthofa, Amalia Nurul Fatimah
His nephew, Al Hikam Muhammad Reza
Bapak M. Dian Nafi
Ibuk Murtafiah Mubarokah
Ayah Daryanto Al Hafidz and Ibuk Laily
Dik Sifa and Alya
Muslimin’s familiy and Karso Suwito’s Family
viii
ABSTRAK
Muhammad Fauzan Aminudin. S200160049. Tehnik dan Kesamaan dalam Subtitle
Untuk Tuna Rungu dan Gangguan Pendengaran oleh Mahasiswa IAIN Surakarta di
Kelas Audio Visual Translation. Tesis. Magister Pengkajian Bahasa. Pascasarjana.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum dan Dr. Anam
Sutopo, M.Hum. 2018.
Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini terfokus dalam ranah penerjemahan, secara
khusunya pada subtitle. Di era moderen ini, banyak infromasi sangat dibutuhkan dan
semestinya dapat diterima maupun diakses oleh semua orang tnpa membedakan baik
mereka yang dengan mudah maupun sulit dalam mengakses informasi. Subtitle
Untuk Tuna Rungu dan Gangguan Pendengaran disebut dengan SDH adalah salah
satu cabang dari penerjemahan yang terpusat pada pembaca sasaran tertentu,
khususnya bagi mereka yang kesulitan mengakses infrormasi melalui suara.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengelompokkan tehnik penerjemahan dari
bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa dalam
menterjemahkan tugas SDH, 2) Mendeskripsikan aspek keakuratan dari bahasa
Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa dalam menterjemahkan
tugas SDH. 3) mendeskripsikan aspek keberterimaan, serta 4) mendeskripsikan aspek
keterbacaan. Data SDH yang terfokus pada tehnik penerjemahan dianalisis dengan
teori Molina dan Albir sedangkan dalam menganalisis kesamaan menggunakan teori
Nababan. Penelitian ini menggunakan open ended questionnaire yang melibatkan
penderita gangguan pendengaran untuk menilai aspek keterbacaan dan expert
judgment untuk menguji tehnik dan kesamaan yang ditemukan dalam tugas SDH.
Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada 13 tehnik ditemukan, yang mana tehnik yang
sering digunakan adalah amplifikasi dengan persentase 35.35%. Tehnik amplifikasi
digunakan oleh mahasiswa ketika membuat subtitle untuk membantu dan
memudahkan penonton dan pembaca yang kurang dalam mengakses infromsi via
suara. Hasil kedua menunjukan bahwa 207 data SDH dibuat oleh mahasiswa IAIN
Surakarta diklasifikasikan sebagai penerjemahan yang akurat, sedangkan dalam ranah
keberterimaan, 175 data termasuk kedalam subtitle yang berterima serta 161 data
diklasifikasikan sebagai subtitle yang mudah dibaca. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan
bahwa, hasil secara keseluruhan dalam konteks kesamaan penerjemahan digolongkan
kedalam penerjemahan yang baik meskipun penelitian ini belum bisa memberikan
hasil tentang bagaimana membangun emosi dalam subtitle sebagaimana aspek dari
keterbacaan.
Kata Kunci: Subtitle, Tehnik, Kesamaan, SDH, Audio Visual Translation
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ABSTRACT
Muhammad Fauzan Aminudin. S200160049. Subtitling Technique and
Equivalence on the Deaf and Hard Hearing by Students of IAIN Surakarta in Audio
Visual Translation Class. Thesis. Department of Language Studies. Graduate School.
Muhammadiyah Surakarta University. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum and Dr. Anam
Sutopo, M.Hum. 2018.
This descriptive qualitative study focuses on the field of translation
specifically subtitling. This modern era, the information is highly demanded and
should be able to be received or accessed by all people without distinguishing either
those who adequate or inadequate to access the information. Subtitling for the deaf
and hard of hearing known as SDH is one of branch of translation arena focusing in a
certain target reader, especially those who are inadequate to access the information
via audio.
This study aims at 1) Classifying the types of translation technique from
English to Indonesian done by the students in translating SDH works, 2) Describing
the accuracy of translation from English to Indonesian done by the students in
translating SDH works, 3) Describing the acceptability of translation from English to
Indonesian done by the students in translating SDH works, 4) Describing the
readability of translation from English to Indonesian done by the students in
translating SDH works. SDH data focusing on translation technique were analysed by
using Molina and Albir’ concept while analysing the equivalence by using Nababan’s
concept. This study used open ended questionnaire distributed to the raters involving
the one who is having hearing impairment to assess the equivalence especially on
readability aspect and expert judgement to assess the technique found in the SDH.
The result shows that there are 13 techniques found, that is the frequent technique
found is amplification by 35.35%. Amplification technique used by the students when
making the subtitle to help and ease the viewers or the readers who are inadequate to
access the information via sound. The second result shows that 207 data of SDH
made by the students of IAIN Surakarta are classified as accurate translation while
the acceptability aspect, 175 data belong to acceptable subtitling and 161 data are
readable subtitling. This can be summarised as the whole result is classified as good
translation although there is a little drawback such as the present study still cannot
provide the result related to building the emotional subtitling as the aspect of
readability.
Keywords: Subtitling, Technique, Equivalence, SDH, Audio Visual Translation
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahi Rabbil ‘Alamin, All praises to Allah, the lord of the
universe, king of the king, who does always give us mercy and blessing to complete
this Thesis entitled “Subtitling Technique and Equivalence on the Deaf and Hard
of Hearing by Students of IAIN Surakarta in Audio Visual Translation Class” as
one of the requirements for the post graduate program of language at Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. Peace and mercy to our prophet Muhammad SAW as the last
messenger who guides us from the darkness to the lightness.
In conducting this study, the thesis writer realized that it would never be
possible without contribution and supports from others. On this best occasion, the
thesis writer intended to give grateful thanks to all people who had helped him to
finish the thesis patiently and wisely. On this opportunity, the thesis writer wanted to
express his deep gratitude for:
1. Prof. Dr. Bambang Sumardjoko, M. Pd., the Director of Graduate School of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M. Hum., the Head of Language Studies of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M,Hum., as the primary supervisor who gave a valuable
guidance and advice from beginning up to the completion this study.
4. Dr. Anam Sutopo, M.Hum, as the co-supervisor who served continuous of
correction, advice, guidance, and criticized in finishing this thesis.
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5. All of the lecturers of English Language Study of Post Graduate Program who
inspired the writer in term of precious knowledge and experience.
6. His parents Bapak Muhammad Musthofa and Ibuk Nur Fadhilah, my older sister
Muftichatul Ngulya Musthofa, my younger sister Amalia Nurul Fatimah, my
handsome nephew Al Hikam Muhammad Reza for endless love, support,
understanding, help and prayers in every step writer makes, you all are my
endless love.
7. His Ayah Daryanto Al Hafidz and Ibuk Laily Rahmawati, his sister Tsaqifa
Zaskya Azzahra and Alya Nafisha Najah for your praying, support and
wonderful life, I do love you.
8. His Bapak M. Dian Nafi and Ibuk Murtafiah Mubarokah for their love, guidance,
care and motivation. Keep being healthy and walk beside me through this life
forever.
9. Bapak Nur Sidik and his wife for the guidance, patience and love. Thank you for
everything.
10. Oyaji, Bu Lilik Untari, Pak J, Pak Irwan, Pak Zainal Muttaqien and Miss Nuna,
for their knowledge, help and support. You all are my inspiration.
11. All of Amwiners, especially Mas Ayik, Mas Syafi’i, Mas Muntaha, Mas Nurul,
Mas Fikril, Mas Anang, Mas Eko and Mbak Fla, Keep this friendship till the
heaven.
12. All of Amwiners 2017, Dik Mundzir, Dik Agung, Dik Mannan, Dik Faishal, Dik
Ridwan, Dik Saefi, Dik Iccan, Dik Uki, Dik Arya, Dik Liana, Dik Ica, Dik Iis,
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Dik Luluk, Dik Ida, Dik Nafi, Dik Anis, Mbak Tika and Mbak Fatih as the
writer’s friend-sharing. Thank you for colouring this life. I do adore you.
13. His friends, Bayu Saputro, Ria Rizkiyana, Laila Safaatun and Lia Tristi Apriliani
for their care and motivation. Keep being cheerful.
14. All of the friends of English Education Department in Muhammadiyah
University, Especially Mam Anik, Inayah, Mbak Erna, Mas Yafi and Mas Fauzi.
Big thanks for the great moments served for him at these two years.
15. All of his families, friends and teachers that could not be mentioned one by one,
who gave him a lot of support.
The writer realized that this thesis was still far from being perfect, so the
writer expected many constructive comments, criticisms, and suggestions from
everyone. Finally, he hoped that this thesis would help the other researchers who
were interested in studying English, especially in the field of applied linguistics and
enrichment of the reader knowledge about English research.
Waalamualaaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
Surakarta, March 2018
Best Regards of the Writer,
Muhammad Fauzan Aminudin
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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ........................................................................................................... i
SUPERVISOR FORM ................................................................................... ii
CO SUPERVISOR FORM ............................................................................ iii
APPROVAL SHEET ..................................................................................... iv
STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP .............................................................. v
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. xiii
ABBREVIATION .......................................................................................... xvi
LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLE ................................................................. xvii
LIST OF DIAGRAM ..................................................................................... xviii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ................................................ 1
B. Limitation of the Study ................................................... 4
C. Research Question .......................................................... 4
D. Objective of the Study .................................................... 5
E. Benefits of the Study ...................................................... 5
F. Research Paper Organization.......................................... 6
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CHAPTER II THEORITICAL REVIEW
A. Previous Study ................................................................ 8
B. Notion of Translation ..................................................... 15
C. Translation Process ......................................................... 16
D. Translation Technique .................................................... 18
E. The Notion of Subtitling ................................................. 24
F. Subtitling Process ........................................................... 25
G. Subtitling Strategy .......................................................... 26
H. Transation Equivalence .................................................. 27
I. Hearing and Deafness ..................................................... 30
J. Subtitling For The Deaf and Hard Of Hearing (SDH) ... 32
K. Theoritical Framework ................................................... 34
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type ................................................................. 36
B. Object of The Research ................................................... 36
C. Data and Data Source ...................................................... 37
D. Technique of Collecting Data .......................................... 38
E. Validity Of The Data ....................................................... 42
F. Technique Of Analysing Data ......................................... 43
G. Research Procedure ......................................................... 46
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Finding.............................................................. 47
B. Discussion ........................................................................ 68
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ....................................................................... 72
B. Implication ....................................................................... 73
C. Suggestion ........................................................................ 74
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 76
APPENDICES .......................................................................................... 80
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ABBREVIATION
L1 : First Language
SDH : Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
AVT : Audio Visual Translation
SL : Source Language
TL : Target Language
dB : Desible
xvii
LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLE
Figure 2.1 Subtitling Process ........................................................................... 27
Figure 2.2 Theoretical Framework.................................................................... 34
Table 2.1 Criteria of Translation’s Accuracy.................................................... 28
Table 2.2 Criteria of Translation’s Acceptability............................................. 29
Table 2.3 Criteria of Translation’s Readability................................................. 30
Table 3.1 Scale of Translation’s Accuracy........................................................ 40
Table 3.2 Scale of Translation’s Acceptability.................................................. 40
Table 3.3 Scale of Translation’s Readability..................................................... 41
Table 3.4 Classification of Subtitling Technique................................................ 44
Table 3.5 Classification of Subtitling Equivalence............................................ 45
Table 4.1. The Percentage of Applied Technique on Students’ Works on SDH 48
xviii
LIST OF DIAGRAM
Diagram 4.1 Result of Subtitling Equivalence on the Deaf and Hard of Hearing..58