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Subtitle, Date, Presenter
Optimizing intensified Runoff from Roads for Supplemental Irrigation, Tigray
Region,Ethiopia March,13/ 2014
By:Meseret Dawit Teweldebrihan
Introduction and Rationale
A1. Introduction to IWRM
The study: road connecting Senkata through Hawzen to Abreha-we-Atsbeha in the Northern Region of Ethiopia
Is categorized among Arid and Semi-arid regions of Ethiopia
having uneven and erratic rainfall, leading to sever moisture stress and flooding, most importantly, on farms alongside roads. Agriculture is the foundation of the country’s economy,
about 50% of GDP, 83.9% of export 80% of total population
engaged in this sector
Introduction and Rationale Unmitigated hydrological variability increases poverty rates by
about 25 % and costs the Ethiopian economy about 40% of its growth potential, leaving growth rates hostage to hydrology.
the irrigation strategy of the country highlights rain water harvesting from various surface conditions as a main source of irrigation water for small scale irrigation developments at farmers level.
Roads have been built for transport – the additional benefits: rain water harvesting, ground recharge have not been explored
In this way, road construction may promote or degrade local communities’ capacity for sustainable development.
existing and planned road design & development is insensitive to water: a major missed opportunity for water harvesting in support of local agriculture and water supply.
A1. Introduction to IWRM
Key Research Questions
How much runoff can be generated from the whole catchment and the existing roads per a given amount of rainfall?
What is the extent and amount of dry spell during growing season of major crops?
How best can the runoff generated be used to address crop failure that may result from the dry spell?
How is the perception of stakeholders in utilizing roadside runoff for agriculture?
A1. Introduction to IWRM
Research Methodology
A1. Introduction to IWRM
Stakeholder analyses: to what extent the importance of road for water harvesting is understood and if there are indigenous ways of putting this into practise
GIS and Google mapping: delineation of the relevant catchment
Rainfall-runoff modelling: estimate the amount of run off generated
Aqua crop: determine the productivity of the harvested water
Figure :Simplified flow chart of the methodology adopted in the research
…cont.
Fig: Major rivers and DEM map of Suluh, Genfel and Agulea watershed
Major findings
A1. Introduction to IWRM
01-
01-9
4
20-
07-9
4
05-
02-9
5
24-
08-9
5
11-
03-9
6
27-
09-9
6
15-
04-9
7
01-
11-9
7
20-
05-9
8
06-
12-9
8
24-
06-9
9
0.00
30.00
60.00
90.00
120.00
150.00
180.00
210.00
240.00Rainfall-runoff
Observed [mm]Date
01-0
1-0
0
19-0
7-0
0
04-0
2-0
1
23-0
8-0
1
11-0
3-0
2
27-0
9-0
2
15-0
4-0
3
01-1
1-0
3
19-0
5-0
4
05-1
2-0
4
23-0
6-0
5
09-0
1-0
6
28-0
7-0
6
13-0
2-0
7
01-0
9-0
7
0
2.4
4.8
7.2
9.6
12
14.4
16.8
19.2
21.6
24Rainfall-runoff
Observed [mm]Date
Fig. Calibration result of Genfel Catchment Fig. Validation result of Genfel catchment
Model performance shows that for all catchments, NS is greater than 0.7 and RVE less than – 5% and + 5% Pick discharge from road by using: RM is 35.31m3/sec from 10km and SCSUHM is 99.62m3/sec from 42km.
Major findings
A1. Introduction to IWRM
The probabilities that a dry-spell of duration longer than 25 and 32 days does occur at least once in a crop season are 86% and 46% respectively.
Reduction of yield and biomass production =1.15 and 4.63 t/ha respectively
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.5
Yeild(Ton/ha)
Fig: Daily rainfall distribution for minimum yield
Fig: Daily rainfall distribution for maximum yield
Monthly average rainfall
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
50
100
150
200
250
300
June July
Augest September
October
70% of households and 65 % of the farm lands are affected by the road side runoff.
95 % of the farmers are willing to utilize road side runoff
Conclusions• There are various factors affecting agricultural
productivity and sustainability of farmers income as well as their consumptions.
Crops can be rescued from failures caused due to the uneven distribution of rainfall, resulting in a better income
Harvesting road runoff can minimize the damage caused by flood on farms along the road side
The harvested runoff can be used as a supplemental water source for alternative uses
Recommendations
Mainstreaming in educational system: Roads for water harvesting and multiple use
Filling the knowledge gap
There should be integration between relevant institutions and authorities (ERA , MoA as well as regional and zonal line offices) in making future road development plans.
Operationalzing the knowledge acquired
Awareness generation should be done to encourage farmers utilize the runoff from roads for productive purposes. Moreover, technical assistance and trainings needs to be delivered at grass-root level.
A1. Introduction to IWRM
Thank you
A1. Introduction to IWRM
Road section of the study area
Figure: Complete road section Sinkata – Hawzen – Abraha we Atsbaha
