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Subtheme 2: Government and SDGsNational level implementation of the 2030 Agenda
Mahesti OkitasariGovernance for Sustainable Development (GSD)
United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU‐IAS)
November 1st, 2019
ERTDF 1‐1801 Inclusive Research on Integrated Implementation Methodology Towards
Achievement of SDGs
Sub theme2︓Government and SDGs
(United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability)
Research on governance for achievement of SDGs at national level(International comparison of administrative systems at central governments)
Case studies of Japanese local governments towards achievement of SDGs at sub‐national level
Effective SDGs implementation and development of assessment methods in private sectors activities
Creation of new private governance and measurement through SDGs, based on analysis of consistent activities for multiple targets (cooperation with private companies) /Investment and SDGs
Sub theme 1︓ Establishment of assessment indicators(National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan)
Development of indicators with a view to the post Fifth Basic Environment Plan• Inclusively sorting out existing indicators• Examination of integrated indicators using SDGs (social, economic and environmental
aspects)• Investigation in effectiveness and meaning of indicators
Sub theme3︓Private sectors and SDGs
(Keio University)
Indicators and Assessment Methodology
Integrated implementation and actions with assessment outcomes
※This research is supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (1‐1801) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency, Japan
Integrated implementation and actions with assessment outcomes
2
Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) analysis of national level SDGs implementation
Mapping of National level SDGs implementation(VNRs based analysis, 2016‐2019, continued)
Analysis: Global, Region‐based, National comparative
Source: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/20872VNR_hanbook_2019_Edition_v2.pdf
311 9 3
7
12 1310
6
4 10164
1313 14
2016 2017 2018 2019
NO. VNRS SUBMITTED 2016‐2019America Europe Africa Asia‐Pacific
Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) analysis of national level SDGs implementation40 key factors for analysis
ReferencesGovernance & coordination (6)
Multi‐stakeholder engagement (7)
Mainstreaming mechanisms (13)
Interlinkages(6)
Financial mechanism (3)
Monitoring (5)
Allen et al (2018) Initial progress in implementing the SDGs
• Apex body (Ministry or direct under head of state)
• Platform for coordination (existing/modified or new)
• Vertical institutional Coordination
• Horizontal institutional Coordination
• Multi‐stakeholder consultation
• Multi‐stakeholder implementation
• Private sector initiatives‐implementation
• Parliamentary• Youth• Regional/local
government• MSP platform
• SDGs mapping, alignment
• Adaptation ( targets, indicators)
• Mainstreaming existing plans
• Developing new plans
• Budget (national, local
• Roadmap• Local
mainstreaming (pilot, all)
• Regulatory (general, private sector)
• Awareness
• Target and goals interlinkages
• Cross‐cutting issues/sectors
• Catalytic policy/programme
• Gender mainstreaming tools
• Integration of other approach
• Policy coherence
• Finance/Economy ministry involvement
• State‐led financing
• Partnership with non‐state actors for financing
• National monitoring mechanism
• Local monitoring mechanism
• Integration with other monitoring mechanism
• Involvement of audit office/parliamentary oversight/ombudsman
• Formal involvement of non‐state
CCIC (2018) Progressing national SDGs implementation: An independent assessment of the VNRs
Sunam et al (2018) Implementing the 2030 Agenda in Asia and the PacificASEF (2017) Implementation guide for the SDGsUNDESA (2017) Overview of institutional arrangements for implementing the 2030 Agenda at national level
UNDP (2017) Institutional and coordination mechanismsBond (2016) Progressing national SDGs implementationOECD (2016) Better policies for SD 2016WRI (2016) Universality, integration, and policy coherence for SDSDSN (2015) Getting started with the SDGs: A guide for stakeholdersUNDG (2015) Mainstreaming the 2030 Agenda for SD
Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) analysis of national level SDGs implementationCurrent status across regions
0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00%
100.00%
Apex bod
y (M
inistry)
Apex bod
y (dire
ct und
er Hea
d/De
puty of
State)
Platform
for C
oordination
(existing/mod
ified
)
Platform
for C
oordination (new
)
Vertical institu
tiona
l coo
rdination
Horizon
tal institutiona
l coo
rdination
Multi‐stakeh
olde
r con
sulta
tion
Multi‐stakeh
olde
r implem
entatio
n(beyon
d consultatio
n)
Private sector initiatives ‐ im
plem
entatio
n
Parliam
entary involvem
ent
Youth invo
lvem
ent
Region
al/Local governm
ent involvemen
t
Multi‐stakeh
olde
r Partnerships p
latform
SDGs M
apping
and
Alignm
ent
Prioritise
/ada
pt ta
rgets
Prioritise
/ada
pt indicators
Mainstreaming into existing
strategies/plan
Developing
new
strategies/plan/visio
n
Iden
tifying
nationa
l bud
get for SDG
s
Iden
tifying
local b
udget for SDG
s
SDGs R
oadm
ap/Action Plan
Mainstreaming into re
gion
al/lo
cal p
lan
(pilo
t)Mainstreaming into all region
al/lo
cal
plan
sWield legal/regulatory for
institu
tions/policy
Wield/sim
plify
legal/regulatory for p
rivate
sector in
volvem
ent in SD
Gs
Public awaren
ess rising
(incl. visualiza
tion,
tran
slatio
n of SDG
s)
Assess ta
rget and
goa
ls interlink
ages
Iden
tify cross‐cutting iss
ues/sectors
Iden
tify catalytic
policy/prog
ramme/accelerators
Gen
der m
ainstrea
ming tools for SDG
s(e.g., prog
ramming, bud
getin
g,…
Integration of other app
roach (CC, DRR
,etc)
Assess policy cohe
rence
Fina
nce/Econ
omy Ministry in
volvem
ent ‐
prom
inen
t
State‐led fin
ancing
Partne
rships with
non
‐state fo
r finan
cing
Mon
itorin
g mecha
nism
‐ Nationa
l
Mon
itorin
g mecha
nism
‐ Re
gion
al/Local
Integration with
other app
roach's (CC
,DR
R, etc) m
onito
ring process
Involvem
ent o
f aud
it office/pa
rliam
entary
oversig
ht/ombu
dsman
(Formal) Involvemen
t of n
on‐state
actors/N
on‐governm
ent rep
ortin
g
Governance and CoordinationMechanisms
Multi‐stakeholder engagement Mainstreaming mechanims Approaches Financingmechanisms
Monitoring
National level SDG implementation (n:138, VNRs 2016‐2019)
Step completed Step commenced/on going
Governance & coordination mechanism, multi‐stakeholder engagementRegion‐based analysis
Variation across regions in setting up coordination mechanisms.
More horizontal than vertical institutional coordination.
European countries are more engaged in MSP for the SDG implementation.
Consistent inclusion of local government in the national consultation process.
Growing interest to build multi‐stakeholder partnership platform in Europe and Asia‐Pacific.
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
Asia‐Pacific region (n:44, VNRs 2016‐2019)
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
European region (n:37, VNRs 2016‐2019)
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
American region (n:21, VNRs 2016‐2019)
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
Apex bod
y(M
inistry)
Apex bod
y(dire
ct und
erHe
ad/D
eputy…
Platform
for
Coordina
tion
(existing/mod
if…
Platform
for
Coordina
tion
(new
)
Vertical
institu
tiona
lcoordina
tion
Horizon
tal
institu
tiona
lcoordina
tion
Multi‐
stakeh
olde
rconsultatio
n
Multi‐
stakeh
olde
rim
plem
entatio
…
Private sector
initiatives ‐
implem
entatio
n
Parliam
entary
invo
lvem
ent
Youth
invo
lvem
ent
Region
al/Local
governmen
tinvo
lvem
ent
Multi‐
stakeh
olde
rPa
rtne
rships…
Governance and Coordination Mechanisms Multi‐stakeholder engagement
African region (n:36, VNRs 2016‐2019)
Step completed Step commenced/on going
1 2 3 4
1
2
3
4
Mainstreaming mechanismsRegion‐based analysis Majority have undertaken SDGs
mapping and alignment of national frameworks and policies
Mainstreaming into existing strategies vs. develop new strategies for the SDGs implementation.
Few have developed SDGs Roadmap/ Action Plan
Integration of SDGs into national and local budgeting processes remains low.
Slow localizing process
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
Asia‐Pacific region (n:44, VNRs 2016‐2019)
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
European region (n:37, VNRs 2016‐2019)
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
American region (n:21, VNRs 2016‐2019)
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
SDGs M
apping
and Alignm
ent
Prioritise
/ada
pttargets
Prioritise
/ada
ptindicators
Mainstreaming
into existing
strategies/plan
Developing
new
strategies/plan/
visio
n
Iden
tifying
natio
nal bud
get
for S
DGs
Iden
tifying
local
budg
et fo
r SDG
s
SDGs
Road
map
/Actio
n Plan
Mainstreaming
into
region
al/lo
cal…
Mainstreaming
into all
region
al/lo
cal…
Wield
legal/regulatory
for…
Wield/sim
plify
legal/regulatory
for p
rivate…
Public
awaren
ess
rising (in
cl.…
Mainstreaming mechanims
African region (n:36, VNRs 2016‐2019)
Step completed Step commenced/on going1 2 3 4
1
2
3
4
8
Approaches and monitoring mechanismsRegion‐based analysis
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
Asia‐Pacific region (n:44, VNRs 2016‐2019)
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
European region (n:37, VNRs 2016‐2019)
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
American region (n:21, VNRs 2016‐2019)
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
Assess ta
rget and
goals
interlink
ages
Iden
tify cross‐
cutting
issue
s/sectors
Iden
tify catalytic
policy/prog
ramm
e/accelerators
Gen
der
mainstreaming
tools for SDG
s(e.g.,…
Integration of
othe
r app
roach
(CC, DRR
, etc)
Assess policy
cohe
rence
Mon
itorin
gmecha
nism
‐Nationa
l
Mon
itorin
gmecha
nism
‐Re
gion
al/Local
Integration with
othe
r app
roach's
(CC, DRR
, etc)
mon
itorin
g…
Involvem
ent o
fau
dit
office/pa
rliam
entary…
(Formal)
Involvem
ent o
fno
n‐state
actors/N
on‐…
Approaches Monitoring
African region (n:36, VNRs 2016‐2019)
Step completed Step commenced/on going
Assessing interlinkages and coherence.
Accelerate implementation through catalytic policy/ programme. Growing trend of gender mainstreaming tools for SDGs.
Low integration of other key global agreements, incl. monitoring
Monitoring mechanism (few at local, more actors at the national level).
1 12 3 3 4
1
2
3
4
9
14.29% 5.56%27.03%
9.09% 13.77%9.52% 11.11%
8.11%15.91% 11.59%
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
Americas Africa Europe Asia‐Pacific Global
PRIVATE SECTOR INITIATIVES FOR SDGS IMPLEMENTATION
Step completed Step commenced/on going
80.95%55.56%
78.38% 65.91% 68.84%
4.76%
8.33%0.00%
4.55% 5.80%
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
Americas Africa Europe Asia‐Pacific Global
STATE‐LED FINANCINGStep completed Step commenced/on going
4.76% 0.00%16.22% 2.27% 5.80%
19.05%13.89%
13.51%20.45% 16.67%
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
Americas Africa Europe Asia‐Pacific Global
PARTNERSHIPS WITH NON‐STATE ACTORS FOR FINANCING
Step completed Step commenced/on going
• Increasing trends across regions on pursuing financing involving non‐state actors as an alternative from state‐led financing; e.g. sukuk, public‐private, blended finance, green bonds, SDGs bonds, etc.
• Currently, SDGs are financed through national (and local) budget
• Growing private sector‐led initiatives for SDGs implementation.
Financing for the SDGsRegion‐based analysis
10
Progress of implementation: 2016 to 2019
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
Reported completed actions 2016‐2019 (n:153)
Step completed 2019 Step completed 2018 Step completed 2017 Step completed 2016
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
Apex bod
y (M
inistry)
Apex bod
y (dire
ct und
er…
Platform
for C
oordination…
Platform
for C
oordination (new
)Ve
rtical institu
tiona
l…Ho
rizon
tal institutiona
l…Multi‐stakeh
olde
r con
sulta
tion
Multi‐stakeh
olde
r…Private sector initiatives ‐…
Parliam
entary involvem
ent
Youth invo
lvem
ent
Region
al/Local governm
ent…
Multi‐stakeh
olde
r Partnerships…
SDGs M
apping
and
Alignm
ent
Prioritise
/ada
pt ta
rgets
Prioritise
/ada
pt indicators
Mainstreaming into existing…
Developing
new
…Iden
tifying
nationa
l bud
get for…
Iden
tifying
local b
udget for SDG
sSD
Gs R
oadm
ap/Action Plan
Mainstreaming into…
Mainstreaming into all…
Wield legal/regulatory for…
Wield/sim
plify
legal/regulatory…
Public awaren
ess rising
(incl.…
Assess ta
rget and
goa
ls…Iden
tify cross‐cutting…
Iden
tify catalytic
…Gen
der m
ainstreaming tools…
Integration of other app
roach…
Assess policy cohe
rence
Fina
nce/Econ
omy Ministry…
State‐led fin
ancing
Partne
rships with
non
‐state fo
r…Mon
itorin
g mecha
nism
‐…Mon
itorin
g mecha
nism
‐…Integration with
other…
Involvem
ent o
f aud
it…(Formal) Involvemen
t of n
on‐…
Governance and Coordination MechanismsMulti‐stakeholder engagement Mainstreaming mechanims ApproachesFinancing mechanismsMonitoring
Reported commenced/on going actions 2016‐2019 (n:153)
Step commenced/on going 2019 Step commenced/on going 2018
Step commenced/on going 2017 Step commenced/on going 2016
VNRs and HLPFs are peer‐learning process.
More active involvement of private sectors in the implementation process now than before Increasing partnerships with non‐state actors for SDGs financing
More involvement of parliamentary, youth, regional/local governments. Partnerships platforms.
Mainstreaming into national policies and plans budgeting and local plans.
Catalytic programme/policy and applied tools for accelerating implementation
Progress of implementation 2016‐2019:Opportunities
11
Leaderships, Governance and Coordinating MechanismDeveloping robust vertical and horizontal governance mechanisms to address cross‐cutting and complex sustainability issues.Expanding the governance structure.
Policies for 2030 Agenda ImplementationCreating links across sectors and actors to strengthen interlinkages between SDGs and targets, and with other agenda.Better operationalization identify gaps, align and adapt policies.
2030 Agenda ImplementationIntegrating the SDGs into national and local budgetary processes to improve policy coherence.Partnership to realize the SDGs; identification area of engagement, financing.Local monitoring and reporting.
National governance systems to achieve the SDGsCase studies of Japan and Indonesia
00.20.40.60.81
Vision and objectivesetting
Research andassessment
Strategy developmentImplementation
Monitoring,evaluation, and review
Japan's National Governance System for SDGs
Decision‐making capacity National Connectivity National
Knowledge use National
00.20.40.60.81
Vision and objectivesetting
Research andassessment
Strategy developmentImplementation
Monitoring,evaluation, and review
Indonesia's National Governance System for SDGs
Decision‐making capacity National Connectivity National
Knowledge use National
• To identify different governance system structures for achieving the SDGs and barriers to improve their performance
• Modified matrix tools of GSA framework (Dale et al., 2013). • Analysis of 3 key functions (decision‐making capacity, connectivity, knowledge
use) across 5 key structural.
Japan• Relatively well‐structured systems regarding vision and objective
setting, research and assessment, strategy development. • Challenging implementation and MER in term of connectivity
function.
Indonesia• Relatively well‐structured systems for research and assessment,
strategy development, MER. • Challenging vision and objective in term of connectivity function.
Source: Morita, K., M. Okitasari and H. Masuda (2019) Analysis of national and local governance systems to achieve the sustainable development goals: case studies of Japan and Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625‐019‐00739‐z
thank youThis research received funding from Government of Japan through the Environment Research and Technology
Development Fund (1‐1801 and S‐16) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency