Substation Reliability Community Insights Conference August 19-21, 2015 Minneapolis, MN 1 2015 Electric T&D Benchmarking

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Substation Reliability

Community Insights Conference

August 19-21, 2015

Minneapolis, MN

2015 Electric T&D Benchmarking

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Substation Agenda

◼ Overview Benchmarking Issues Key Findings and Trends

◼ Performance Profiles & Trends Reliability and Availability Measures

◼ 2014 Benchmarking Results Initiatives Analysis

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Overview

Key Issues in Reliability

Benchmarking Issues◼ Contribution to SAIDI, SAIFI as primary measure◼ The use of Momentary, Sustained, and Total Outage Frequency rates for

Substation Equipment Failures + Protective System Failures gives us benchmarks relating substation performance to transmission line availability

◼ Transmission vs. Distribution Split◼ Transformer Failures

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Substation Reliability

Statistics

◼ The impact of substation components on distribution reliability (customer interruption) statistics is of interest. These include SAIDI and SAIFI. The Substation SAIDI and SAIFI here is from causes that originate “within the substation fence”. An example of this follows: A cable failure outside the substation occurs, the protecting feeder breaker fails to trip due to a

relay mis-operation, and the back-up device trips out the substation transformer, causing an interruption to the original feeder with the cable fault, as well as 3 additional feeders on the same transformer. The outage of the feeder with the cable failure is not counted in “substation” (its cause is “distribution equipment failure”), but the outage of the other 3 feeders is counted in “substation”.

◼ Independent of customer outages, we have tabulated the % of time substation transformers are out of service, both automatic and non-automatic

◼ We are now able to show measures that relate to substation effects on Transmission Circuit outage rates using results from the Transmission Reliability survey.

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Summary and conclusions

◼ There has been little change in the initiatives to reduce frequency or duration of outages. Slight change in the list or order for “reduce frequency”

• Listed as “Other” were× Infrastructure Replacement× Distribution Automation× Routine Tests

Slight change in order for “reduce duration of customer outages”◼ Distribution substation contribution to SAIDI and SAIFI decreased this

year over last. ◼ Transmission substation SAIDI and SAIFI top performers continue to

perform well. Transmission substations are only significant for a few◼ Trends are mostly positive in terms of substation contribution to

transmission outages

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Profiles & Trends

Substation Reliability Profile

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2014YE 2013YE Mean Q1 Q2 Q3 Bars Mean Q1 Q2 Q3 BarsContribution to Customer Reliability Substation Contribution to SAIFI 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.07 13 0.10 0.04 0.09 0.13 14Transmission Substations - SAIFI 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 11 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.07 11Distribution Substations - SAIFI 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.06 12 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.11 12Substation Contribution to SAIDI 3.60 1.98 2.91 3.71 14 6.39 1.79 3.70 9.58 14Transmission Substations - SAIDI 1.17 0.00 0.34 1.88 10 1.20 0.00 0.02 0.41 10Distribution Substations - SAIDI 3.21 1.75 2.46 3.79 14 5.30 1.77 3.60 7.10 14Substation Availability

Transformer failures per 1000 Xformer - Trans Subs 15.75 0.00 7.93 18.22 10 25.78 0.00 4.05 26.37 10

Transformer failures per 1000 Xformer - Dist Subs 12.77 2.21 3.70 10.45 11 9.07 0.00 3.43 4.59 11

<200kV

SOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq 0.028 0.006 0.021 0.041 11 0.044 0.010 0.038 0.059 11

MOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq 0.022 0.004 0.011 0.020 9 0.029 0.004 0.019 0.044 9

TOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq 0.046 0.009 0.035 0.082 11 0.071 0.012 0.067 0.105 11

>200kV

SOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq 0.052 0.000 0.015 0.072 10 0.065 0.000 0.029 0.057 10

MOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq 0.011 0.000 0.008 0.019 8 0.016 0.000 0.004 0.018 8

TOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq 0.061 0.002 0.046 0.081 10 0.079 0.000 0.062 0.088 10

Measures are mostly stable; distribution subs contribution to SAIFI and SAIDI are down, TADS related measures are better.

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T&D Substation Contribution to SAIDI

This year’s measures are mostly better, except for the bottom 2 quartiles in transmission.

Substation Reliability Pg 6, 7Question DR30

Transmission Substations Distribution Substations

2014 2015

Mean 1.46 1.21

Quartile 1 0.00 0.00



2014 2015

Mean 5.07 3.21




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Total Substation Contribution to SAIDI

• Only 6 of 15 had any contribution from transmission

• 2 only had transmission related SAIDI contribution

Overall Substation Contribution to SAIDI is better except for the bottom quartile

2014 2015Mean 6.33 3.88Quartile 1 1.79 2.06Quartile 2: 3.70 3.12Quartile 3: 9.58 3.83

Substation Reliability Page 6Source: DR30

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Total Substation Contribution to SAIFI

Overall Substation Contribution to SAIFI is better except for the 2nd quartile

2014 2015Mean 0.100 0.068Quartile 1 0.041 0.050Quartile 2: 0.090 0.060Quartile 3: 0.133 0.068

Substation Reliability Page 2Source: DR30

Benchmarking Results

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Allocation of Substation Contribution to SAIDI

Failed Equipment is the most predominant cause for most; others include

Substation Reliability Pg 12Question SR20

• Weather Related• Vandalism• Human Error

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Allocation of Substation Contribution to SAIFI

Failed Equipment is the most predominant cause for most; others include


• Weather • Power System Condition• Human Error

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Transformer Failure Rate per 1,000 Transformers

Transmission values are mostly improvedDistribution considerably worse

2014 2015

Mean 25.78 14.32



Quartile 3 26.37 17.75

2014 2015

Mean 9.07 11.93




Transmission Distribution

Substation Reliability Pg 10, 11Questions SR10, ST100, ST105

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Substation transformer Failures

All trending up

5 year trend flat for top quartile, up for mean

Billing Page 2; Questions Used: BL5

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Substation Contribution to Transmission Outages <200kV

Trends are slightly positive (better)

Substation Reliability Pages 18, 20, 22Questions TR35, ST120

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Substation Contribution to Transmission Outages >200kV

All trends show improvement

Substation Reliability Pages 18, 20, 22Questions TR35, ST120

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Most popular:1. Preventive maintenance2. Animal abatement3. Root cause analysis4. Replace obsolete controls5. Other included “preemptive

replacement of infrastructure”, “distribution automation”, “routine tests”

“Root cause analysis” replaced “Replace obsolete controls” as number 3.

Substation Reliability Pg 26Source: SR30

Most Successful Initiatives TO Reduce the Frequency of Outages to Customers (1 = Lowest, 3 = Highest)

Initiative 17 18 21 22 23 24 25 27 31 32 33 37 38 40 Total

Animal abatement 2 2 1 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 2 22

Replace obsolete controls

3 3 1 1 1 12

Preventive Maintenance 1 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 29

Root Cause Analysis 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 14

Other 3 2 3 1 12

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Initiatives to Reduce Duration of Outages to Customers Have Been the Most Successful (1 = Lowest, 3 = Highest)

Initiative 17 18 21 22 23 24 25 27 31 32 33 37 38 40 Total

Autochangeover schemes 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 13

Distribution automation 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 28

Relay faultlocating 3 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 1 17

Spare or mobile transformers

1 2 2 3 3 2 1 14

Other 2 3 5


Most popular:1. Distribution Automation (Last year 4)2. Relay Fault Locating (Last year 2) 3. Spare or Mobile Transformers (Last year 3)4. Autochangeover schemes(Last Year 1)5. “Other” inclluded

• Multi - shot reclosing• System-wide deployment of motor operated air break switches

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Total reported sustained outage events from all respondents

Total Events = 215

About 21% of sustained outages are due to substation causes.

Thank you for your Input and Participation!

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Substation Reliability Community Insights Conference August 19-21, 2015 Minneapolis, MN 1 2015 Electric T&D Benchmarking