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HLB Schippers Accountants Tax & Legal Advisers
Jeroen van der Linden
Amsterdam, April 2013
Programme
1. Substantial interest CIT2. Coop and dividend tax3. Anti-dividend stripping
1. Substantial Interest for Dutch CIT purposes
Corporate income tax subjects
• Residents• Non-residents, such as:
- societies and other legal persons;- taxable limited partnerships (Open CV’s) and other companies not having legal personality of which the equity is divided into shares;- special purpose funds
Taxable object for non-resident taxpayers
• Non-resident taxpayers are taxed on their taxable Dutch amount, which is their Dutch income minus losses.
What is Dutch income?(i.o.w. when are foreign companies subject to tax in the Netherlands)
1. Taxable profit from an enterprise run in the Netherlands (so-called Dutch enterprise)
2. Taxable income from a subtantial interest in a company resident in the Netherlands, if the substantial interest does not form part of the assets of an enterprise
When do you have income from a Dutch enterprise?
• Permanent establishment / representative• Real estate located in the Netherlands• Rights to a share in the profit of the equity of an enterprise• Activities performed as a director or member of an advisory board of a
Dutch resident company• Certain activities on, or above the territorial waters as
well as the oceanlevel and below • Income from receivables held on substantial interest companies
Substantial interest for CIT purposes
• Non-resident taxpayer holds at least 5% of the shares in a Dutch company (e.g. BV, NV or Coop), and
• Shareholding is not attributable to an enterprise of the non-resident taxpayer, and
• non-resident taxpayer holds the shares as main purpose to avoid taxation of someone else’s income tax or dividend tax
Main purpose
• Law says “main purpose” or “one of the main purposes”.
• “Someone else’s” income tax or dividend tax.
Main purposePrivate individual is in NL taxed for:Dividend income (Box 2)Capital gains (Box 2)Interest (Box 1)
A BV B Ltd
Private individualNon-Dutch
Main purposeMain purpose to avoidsomeone else’s income tax?
A BV B Ltd
Private individualNon-Dutch
Private individualNon-DutchHoldco
Cyprus
Main purposeHoldco is in NL taxed for:Dividend incomeCapital gainsInterest
A BV B Ltd
Private individualNon-Dutch
Private individualNon-DutchHoldco
Cyprus
Substantial interest for CIT purposes
• Foreign entity can become subject to tax in the Netherlands for:- Ordinary income (dividends)- Capital gains and- (deemed) interest income
Example 1 Substantial interest
NA NV
NL BV
Dividend
NLBV distributes dividend of 100
NA NV subject to tax in the Netherlands for
Treaties / BRK can decrease the CIT f.i. 8,3% (2011)
CIT 100 x 25%
Example 2 Substantial interest
Cyprus
NL BV
Sale of the shares NL BV may cause Cyprus to become subject to tax in the NL
Example 3
LiechtensteinAG
BV
JerseyLiechtensteinStiftung
1/3 1/3 1/3
Loan
Loan
Loan
Practice
“Not attributable to an enterprise”, means portfolio investment.
When are the shares not held as portfolio investement:
• Management activities?• Risk bearing capital?
• 2. Coop and dividend tax
• If a Coop holds shares in Dutch and non-Dutch companies
• with the main purpose• to avoid someone else’s dividend tax or foreign
(wht) tax and• the membership in the Coop does not belong to
the entreprise of the Coop member,• the Coop will be treated as a limited liability
company for Dutch dividend tax purposes.
• In other words a Coop that functions as holding company may become subject to Dutch dividend withholding tax, if the coop member holds its (≥5%) membership share as a portfolio investment and intends to avoid withholding tax.
Coop
GmbH
Brazil
0%
0% or 15%
Example Coop and dividend tax (1)
• Is Coop held as portfolio investment?
• Main purpose avoiding tax?• 5% or more?
• If a Coop holds shares in Dutch companies• with the main purpose• to avoid someone else’s dividend tax or foreign
(wht) tax,• the Coop will be treated as a limited liability
company for Dutch dividend tax purposes• to the extent the profit distribution does not
exceed the profit reserves of the Dutch companies when acquired.
Coop
NL BV
Brazil
0%
0% or 15%
Example Coop and dividend tax (2)
• Main purpose avoiding tax?• 5% or more?• Does NL• Did BV have profit reserves when
acquired?
Example Coop and dividend tax (3)
• Coop purchased Dutch BV in 2011• Dutch BV has profit reserve of Eu 4 mio• Coop distributes profit to its member in 2012• First Eu 4 mio will be subject to Dutch
dividend tax.
3. Measures to combat dividendstripping
What is dividendstripping?
• Shareholder with• No or limited right for compensation of
dividend tax provides for• Another person to receive the dividend• Who does have the right to set off dividend tax• In the exchange for the equivalent of the
dividend
Example dividendstripping (1)
Private individual abroad
NL NV
3%15% dividendtax
Dividend distribution 28 Dividend tax 3,5 Net 24,5
Sale cum dividend 128Repurchase ex dividend 100Net 28
NL NV
3%
Sale to bank in NL
Dividend
Private individual abroad
Example dividendstripping (2)
Private individual Abroad
NL NV
15% dividendtax
Private individual sells his shares to NL BV and NL BV concludes a putoption. After dividend distribution, BV sells shares back to private individual.
NL NV
Dividend
NL BV
0% dividendtax
Examples dividendstripping
• Sale shares in Dutch listed companies to bank• Lending of shares• Sale and repurchase (call- and putoptions)• Hanging within concern• Intermediate holding company
Example dividendstripping (3)
Example 1
Canada Ltd.
NL BV
10% dividend tax
Canada Ltd.
NL BV
Cyprus Ltd.
0% dividend tax
0% dividend tax
Example dividendstripping (4)
Example 2
NL BV
Belgium Switzerland
15% dividend tax
Malta Ltd.
NL BV
Belgium Switzerland
0% dividend tax
0% dividend tax
Measures against dividendstripping
• Introduction definition beneficial owner• Sanction: reversing reduction or exemption to
national tariff of 15%
When is a person not considered to be a beneficial owner?
• Recipient of dividend performs a service which is a part of several transactions
• in exchange for the income• which income will actually be received by the
holder of the restricted right and• this holder keeps it’s position in the company
NA NV
BV
8,3%
Cyprus Ltd
BV
NA NV
0%
0%
Please note:When sanction then 15% DT
Example dividendstripping (5)
Bonafide cases
• Bonafide purchaser on the stock exchange• Bonafide withholding agent (based on
declaration recipient of dividend)• Durable reorganisation combined with an
ordinary dividend distribution
Durable reorganisation
• Time between reorganisation and dividend distribution
• Type of dividend distribution• Durableness reorganisation
Safe HarbourIn case of durable reorganisation in combinationwith an ordinary dividend distribution irrespective of the time between reorganisation and dividend distribution
NA NV1
COOPNA NV2
NL BV Sale
NV2 looses it’s current participation, consequently no sanction
Example dividendstripping (6)
Questions?
Thank you for your attention.
Remember, you can always contact us with your questions (without the meter immediately running).
