Substance use problems in a multicultural Scotland - Zosia Wierbowicz

presentation 26 July 2007

KLEMENTYNA KLEMENTYNA SOBIESKASOBIESKA

KLEMENTYNA KLEMENTYNA SOBIESKASOBIESKA Maria Clementina Sobieska (in Polish: Maria Maria Clementina Sobieska (in Polish: Maria

Klementyna Sobieska) (Klementyna Sobieska) (17021702--17351735) was a ) was a PolishPolish princess who was born on princess who was born on July 18July 18, , 17021702 in in PolandPoland, the daughter of Poland's , the daughter of Poland's Crown Prince James Louis Henry SobieskiCrown Prince James Louis Henry Sobieski, (, (16671667--17371737), and ), and Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia de Baviere Pfalz-NeuburgHedwig Elisabeth Amelia de Baviere Pfalz-Neuburg, , ((16731673--17221722).).

Maria Clementina and James Stuart were Maria Clementina and James Stuart were formally married on formally married on September 3September 3, , 17191719 at at MontefiasconeMontefiascone, , ItalyItaly in the Cathedral of Santa in the Cathedral of Santa Margherita. Following their marriage, James Margherita. Following their marriage, James and Maria Clementina were invited to reside in and Maria Clementina were invited to reside in RomeRome at the special request of at the special request of Pope Clement XIPope Clement XI, , who acknowledged them as the (Catholic) King who acknowledged them as the (Catholic) King and Queen of and Queen of BritainBritain..

KLEMENTYNA KLEMENTYNA SOBIESKASOBIESKA

The Pope provided them with a papal guard of The Pope provided them with a papal guard of troops, gave them the troops, gave them the Palazzo Muti in the Piazza in the Piazza dei Santi Apostoli in Rome to live in, plus a dei Santi Apostoli in Rome to live in, plus a country villa at country villa at Albano. The . The Catholic Church also also provided them with an annual allowance of provided them with an annual allowance of 12,000 crowns out of the papal treasury.12,000 crowns out of the papal treasury.Maria Clementina and James Stuart had two sons:Maria Clementina and James Stuart had two sons:Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir Stuart ( (1720--1788), aka ), aka ""Bonnie Prince CharlieBonnie Prince Charlie"" Henry Benedict Stuart ( (1725--1807))

KLEMENTYNA’S SON Charles Edward Stuart (1720 - 88) «Bonnie Prince

Charlie», The Young Pretender, was born and educated in Rome.With French support he made his first expedition to Scotland in 1745. Joined by MacDonald clansmen, he took Edinburgh and defeated government forces at the battle of Prestonpans in September.Within weeks, The Bonnie Prince started his invasion of England. But defeat was inevitable and by April 1746 he had become a hunted man with a price of £ 30'000 on his head. He fled to France.The prince had to leave France in 1748 and for ten years he wandered around Europe in various disguises.In 1766 he married Princess Louise de Stolberg in Rome but the marriage was dissolved in 1772.«Bonnie Prince Charlie» died in Rome in 1788.

MIKOMIKOŁŁAJAJ KOPERNIK KOPERNIK

FAMOUS POLES FAMOUS POLES

Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus MIKOŁAJ KOPERNIKMIKOŁAJ KOPERNIK

His hometown was His hometown was ToruńToruń,.,.BornBornFebruary 19February 19, , 14731473,,ToruńToruń ( (ThornThorn), ), Royal PrussiaRoyal Prussia, , PolandPoland..DiedDiedMay 24May 24, , 15431543,,FromborkFrombork ( (FrauenburgFrauenburg), ), WarmiaWarmia, Poland, Poland- - MathematicianMathematician, , astronomerastronomer, , juristjurist, , physicianphysician, , classical scholarclassical scholar, , Catholic clericCatholic cleric, , governorgovernor, , administratoradministrator, , military commandermilitary commander, , diplomatdiplomat, , economisteconomist..Alma materAlma materKraków UniversityKraków University, , Bologna UniversityBologna University, , Padua UniversityPadua University, , Ferrara UniversityFerrara University..Known forKnown forfirst modern formulation of first modern formulation of a a heliocentricheliocentric theory of the theory of the solar systemsolar system –that is that the –that is that the earth rotates around the sun earth rotates around the sun ..ReligionReligionRoman CatholicRoman Catholic..

FREDERIC CHOPINFREDERIC CHOPIN

FREDERYK SZOPENFREDERYK SZOPEN Frédéric ChopinFrédéric Chopin FREDERYK SZOPEN FREDERYK SZOPEN The only known The only known photographphotograph of Frédéric Chopin, believed to have of Frédéric Chopin, believed to have

been taken by been taken by Louis-Auguste BissonLouis-Auguste Bisson in 1849. (It is commonly in 1849. (It is commonly mistaken for a mistaken for a daguerreotypedaguerreotype.).)

Frédéric Chopin (Frédéric Chopin (PolishPolish: Fryderyk Franciszek : Fryderyk Franciszek SzopenSzopen; ; FrenchFrench: : Frédéric François Frédéric François PolishPolish pianopiano composercomposer of the of the RomanticRomantic period. period. He is widely regarded as one of the most famous, influential, and He is widely regarded as one of the most famous, influential, and prolific composers for piano of all time.prolific composers for piano of all time.

Chopin was born in the village of Chopin was born in the village of Żelazowa WolaŻelazowa Wola, , Duchy of WarsawDuchy of Warsaw, to a Polish mother and , to a Polish mother and FrenchFrench--expatriateexpatriate father. Hailed in his father. Hailed in his homeland as a homeland as a child prodigychild prodigy, at age twenty Chopin left for , at age twenty Chopin left for ParisParis. . There he made a career as performer, teacher and composer, and There he made a career as performer, teacher and composer, and adopted the French version of his given names, "Frédéric-adopted the French version of his given names, "Frédéric-François." From 1837 to 1847 he had a turbulent relationship with François." From 1837 to 1847 he had a turbulent relationship with the French writer the French writer George SandGeorge Sand (Aurore Dudevant). Always in frail (Aurore Dudevant). Always in frail health, at 39 he succumbed to health, at 39 he succumbed to pulmonary tuberculosispulmonary tuberculosis

FREDERYK SZOPENFREDERYK SZOPEN All of Chopin's extant work includes the piano in some All of Chopin's extant work includes the piano in some

role (predominantly as a solo instrument), and his role (predominantly as a solo instrument), and his compositions are widely considered to be among the compositions are widely considered to be among the pinnacles of the piano's repertoire. Although his music is pinnacles of the piano's repertoire. Although his music is among the most technically demanding for the among the most technically demanding for the instrument, Chopin's style emphasizes nuance and instrument, Chopin's style emphasizes nuance and expressive depth rather than mere technical display. He expressive depth rather than mere technical display. He invented some invented some musical formsmusical forms, such as the , such as the balladeballade,,[3][3] but but his most significant innovations were within existing his most significant innovations were within existing structures such as the structures such as the piano sonatapiano sonata, , waltzwaltz, , nocturnenocturne, , étudeétude, and , and preludeprelude. His works are often cited as being . His works are often cited as being among the mainstays of among the mainstays of RomanticismRomanticism in in 19th-century19th-century classical musicclassical music. Additionally, Chopin was the first western . Additionally, Chopin was the first western classical composer to imbue classical composer to imbue Slavic elementsSlavic elements into his into his music; to this day his music; to this day his mazurkasmazurkas and and polonaisespolonaises are the are the cornerstone of Polish cornerstone of Polish nationalisticnationalistic classical music. classical music.

ADAM MICKIEWICZADAM MICKIEWICZ

Adam Bernard Adam Bernard Mickiewicz Mickiewicz December 24December 24, , 17981798 – – November 26November 26, , 18551855) is one of the best-) is one of the best-known known PolishPolish poetspoets and and writers, considered the writers, considered the greatest Polish greatest Polish RomanticRomantic poet of the poet of the 19th century19th century, , alongside alongside Zygmunt KrasińskiZygmunt Krasiński and and Juliusz SłowackiJuliusz Słowacki (the (the Three BardsThree Bards).).

MARIE MARIE CURIE-SKCURIE-SKŁŁODOWSKAODOWSKA BornBorn November 7November 7, , 18671867

WarsawWarsaw, , PolandPolandDiedDiedJuly 4July 4, , 19341934 (aged 66) (aged 66)eeNationalityNationalityPolishPolish, , FrenchFrench FieldFieldPhysicsPhysics and and ChemistryChemistry- - SorbonneSorbonne Known forKnown for discovery of discovery of Radium and Radium and Radioactivity Radioactivity 

Nobel Prize for PhysicsNobel Prize for Physics (1903)(1903) Nobel Prize for ChemistryNobel Prize for Chemistry (1911)The only person to (1911)The only person to win two win two Nobel PrizesNobel Prizes in in different different sciencescience fields. fields. Married Married Pierre CuriePierre Curie (1895); (1895); their children were their children were Irène Joliot-CurieIrène Joliot-Curie and and Ève CurieÈve Curie..

ANDRZEJ WAJDAANDRZEJ WAJDA

One of Poland’s most One of Poland’s most prominent film prominent film directors –well known directors –well known for his graphic portraits for his graphic portraits of Pokand’s struggles of Pokand’s struggles against oppressionagainst oppression

HisHis many many films include films include ““KanalKanal””,,”” Ashes and Ashes and DiamondsDiamonds”, ”, “Generations “Generations

ROMAN POLAŃSKIROMAN POLAŃSKI

One of the great One of the great modern film directors modern film directors

Well known for fils Well known for fils such as such as Rosemary’s Rosemary’s Baby “ , “The Baby “ , “The Vampires “ and more Vampires “ and more recently “The Pianist” recently “The Pianist”

Provocative and Provocative and passionate , now lives passionate , now lives in France. in France.

The WACHOWSKISThe WACHOWSKIS

Lawrence and Lawrence and Andrew Wachowski – Andrew Wachowski – born in Chicago, US, born in Chicago, US, of Polish descent of Polish descent have directed such have directed such films as films as The Matrix trilogyThe Matrix trilogy V for VendettaV for Vendetta AssassinsAssassins

EXPLOREREXPLORER

Marek Kaminski (born Marek Kaminski (born 1964) - traveller, in 1995 1964) - traveller, in 1995 he was the first person to he was the first person to reach both poles: the reach both poles: the North Pole on 23rd May North Pole on 23rd May 1995 and the South Pole 1995 and the South Pole on 27 Dec. 1995. Earlier, on 27 Dec. 1995. Earlier, preparing for this feat he preparing for this feat he walked to Spitsbergen walked to Spitsbergen (400 km) and (400 km) and Greenland’s glaciers (600 Greenland’s glaciers (600 km). km).

SPORTSMANSPORTSMAN

Robert Korzeniowski Robert Korzeniowski (born 1968) - athlete. (born 1968) - athlete. Twice Olympic 50 km Twice Olympic 50 km walking champion, in walking champion, in 1996 and 2000, and 20 1996 and 2000, and 20 km champion in 2000. km champion in 2000. Twice world 50 km Twice world 50 km walking champion walking champion (1997, 2001(1997, 2001). A Council ). A Council of Europe ambassador of Europe ambassador for tolerance and fair for tolerance and fair play.play.

LECH WAŁĘSA

Lech Wałęsa

Born on September 29, 1943 in Popowo, Poland) is a Polish politician, a former trade union and human rights activist, and also a former electrician. He co-founded Solidarity Solidarnosć the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995 (succeeded by Aleksander Kwaśniewski).

POPE JOHN PAUL 2 POPE JOHN PAUL 2

Birth name KarolBirth name Karol Józef Józef WojtyłaWojtyła Papacy beganPapacy began October 16October 1619781978 Papacy endedPapacy ended April 2, April 2, 20052005

BornBorn May 18, 1920)May 18, 1920)Wadowice,Wadowice, Served as a Served as a Priest in Kraków during Priest in Kraków during the war the war Apostolic Apostolic Palace, Vatican City Palace, Vatican City

A 110 % POLE !A 110 % POLE !

BEAUTIFUL POLANDBEAUTIFUL POLANDA beautiful country with mountains, rivers, A beautiful country with mountains, rivers,

lakes and forests and miles of rich lakes and forests and miles of rich pasturelandpastureland

POLISH SCOTTISH

WHY DO SO MANY POLES COME WHY DO SO MANY POLES COME TO THIS COUNTRY ?TO THIS COUNTRY ?

Poland was once a very wealthy country . She has huge Poland was once a very wealthy country . She has huge natural mineral deposits . Vast quantities of salt deposits, and natural mineral deposits . Vast quantities of salt deposits, and lead crystal. There once were gold and still are silver lead crystal. There once were gold and still are silver mines.mines.Amber is found near the Baltic Sea in largeAmber is found near the Baltic Sea in large quantitiesquantities

There are also huge coal deposits , and acres of forests.There are also huge coal deposits , and acres of forests. Now, Poland ravaged and systematically destrpyed by two Now, Poland ravaged and systematically destrpyed by two

World wars, through the efforts of Russia, Nazi Germany, World wars, through the efforts of Russia, Nazi Germany, Stalin and the enforcement of communism she isa poor and Stalin and the enforcement of communism she isa poor and relatively undeveloped nation.relatively undeveloped nation.

It is diffucult to earn a viable wage there, even now.It is diffucult to earn a viable wage there, even now. Communism has left a tide of corruption and greed in its wake, Communism has left a tide of corruption and greed in its wake,

while keeping all cultural developments and advances within while keeping all cultural developments and advances within the boundaries of the old USSRthe boundaries of the old USSR

PerPerhhaapps that is why so many Poles are nature-lovers –that s that is why so many Poles are nature-lovers –that was always free!was always free!That is also why they come here .That is also why they come here .

Why do Poles come to Scotland ?Why do Poles come to Scotland ? Why are so many Poles coming to Inverness ? And Why are so many Poles coming to Inverness ? And

to Scotland ?to Scotland ? Because the Scottish Executive is still advertising on Because the Scottish Executive is still advertising on

a huge scale throughout Poland and encouraging a huge scale throughout Poland and encouraging Poles to make a better life for themselves here . Poles to make a better life for themselves here .

Polish logic says “If the Government of Scotland is Polish logic says “If the Government of Scotland is offering this , then why not grasp the opportunity offering this , then why not grasp the opportunity with both hands ? “with both hands ? “

Photos of Inverness-shire attract many as the Photos of Inverness-shire attract many as the scenery is similar to that of Poland , and the people scenery is similar to that of Poland , and the people are welcoming.are welcoming.

Inverness is reputedly the fastest –growing city in Inverness is reputedly the fastest –growing city in Europe – thus there must be jobs and Europe – thus there must be jobs and accommodation .accommodation .

Although we don’t have accurate figures , it is Although we don’t have accurate figures , it is accepted that there are in the region of 9,000 Poles in accepted that there are in the region of 9,000 Poles in Inverness alone at the moment , The number Inverness alone at the moment , The number increases by about 1-200 every month.increases by about 1-200 every month.

PROBLEMS FACING IMMIGRANT PROBLEMS FACING IMMIGRANT POLES POLES

The main problems facing the Poles on The main problems facing the Poles on arrival here can be divided into 4 main arrival here can be divided into 4 main areas.:areas.:

Lack of sufficient language skills to make Lack of sufficient language skills to make themselves clearly understoodthemselves clearly understood

Lack of accommodationLack of accommodationLack of suitable employmentLack of suitable employmentCultural differencesCultural differences

EDUCATIONEDUCATION There are a great many children in both Primary and Secondary There are a great many children in both Primary and Secondary

schools in Inverness for whom English is not their native language. schools in Inverness for whom English is not their native language. These children are having considerable difficulty in grasping These children are having considerable difficulty in grasping curricular subject matter , when they do not understand the curricular subject matter , when they do not understand the language . This is especially true of senior pupils who are struggling language . This is especially true of senior pupils who are struggling to take Highers and those sitting Standard Grades. Polish pupils are to take Highers and those sitting Standard Grades. Polish pupils are keen to learn keen to learn

English is taught in Polish schools but with methods which are English is taught in Polish schools but with methods which are outdated. The standard achieved by many adults after 6 years of outdated. The standard achieved by many adults after 6 years of English in Poland , leaves them able to understand some written English in Poland , leaves them able to understand some written English, but unable to make themselves understood when spoken.English, but unable to make themselves understood when spoken.

English classes are held all over Inverness. Some are run by the English classes are held all over Inverness. Some are run by the college and over-subscribed, as are those in the Spectrum Centre. college and over-subscribed, as are those in the Spectrum Centre. Others are run by well-meaning Church-based groups , not always Others are run by well-meaning Church-based groups , not always led by a teacher. The standards vary enormously , leaving many led by a teacher. The standards vary enormously , leaving many Poles dissatisfied as they feel the classes do not match either their Poles dissatisfied as they feel the classes do not match either their abilities or their needs.abilities or their needs.

I have made repeated requests to Highland Council to monitor the I have made repeated requests to Highland Council to monitor the classes on offer and co-ordinate the provision of English language. classes on offer and co-ordinate the provision of English language. Certificate courses can be offered to the more able Poles. while Certificate courses can be offered to the more able Poles. while non-certificate “Everyday English” made available for others.non-certificate “Everyday English” made available for others.

HEALTH AND WELFARE HEALTH AND WELFARE Many Poles (probably about 2500) are not registered Many Poles (probably about 2500) are not registered

with a doctor as they are too embarrassed to discuss with a doctor as they are too embarrassed to discuss their illnesses and problems through an interpreter. Many their illnesses and problems through an interpreter. Many self-medicate , because of lack of language and self-medicate , because of lack of language and communication barriers , and they feel that they (Poles ) communication barriers , and they feel that they (Poles ) are treated with derision as second-class citizens, and are treated with derision as second-class citizens, and members of our Association consist of a consultant members of our Association consist of a consultant gynaecologist, a consultant psychiatrist, two senior gynaecologist, a consultant psychiatrist, two senior doctors, an intensive –care nurse working as a cleaner, doctors, an intensive –care nurse working as a cleaner, fitness trainers working as fish-processors,.fitness trainers working as fish-processors,.

An Accountant who is “too-highly –qualified” to be An Accountant who is “too-highly –qualified” to be employed in Accountancy , and works in a restaurant. An employed in Accountancy , and works in a restaurant. An Editor of a Polish newspaper (working towards her PhD) Editor of a Polish newspaper (working towards her PhD) who works in a shop and as a cleaner. Skilled and who works in a shop and as a cleaner. Skilled and qualified joiners ; engineers who work as gardeners or qualified joiners ; engineers who work as gardeners or fish-processors., plumbers and builders who owned their fish-processors., plumbers and builders who owned their businesses in Poland who work as kitchen porters or businesses in Poland who work as kitchen porters or cleaners in supermarkets.cleaners in supermarkets.

Housing and EmploymentHousing and Employment A number of recruitment agencies send buses into A number of recruitment agencies send buses into

outlying towns and villages in Poland and on payment of outlying towns and villages in Poland and on payment of £300-£600 the people , mostly unskilled workers , come £300-£600 the people , mostly unskilled workers , come over here and work in the various factories. The payment over here and work in the various factories. The payment is to “give them a job”. Every 2/3 weeks buses come is to “give them a job”. Every 2/3 weeks buses come over bringing 100-200 people from Poland to Inverness.over bringing 100-200 people from Poland to Inverness.

The working conditions are often difficult and The working conditions are often difficult and unsatisfactory and the Poles fearful to complain , as unsatisfactory and the Poles fearful to complain , as they fear dismissal. Certain less scrupulous employers they fear dismissal. Certain less scrupulous employers present difficulties in Home Office Registration , paying present difficulties in Home Office Registration , paying the minimum wage , claiming wages due to the workers the minimum wage , claiming wages due to the workers have to be reduced to pay for accommodation. The have to be reduced to pay for accommodation. The employment contracts , if they exist, specify otherwise. employment contracts , if they exist, specify otherwise. Common practice appears to be the retention of Common practice appears to be the retention of passports “for a while” of newly-arrived Poles. One of passports “for a while” of newly-arrived Poles. One of the major problems in factory employment are that the major problems in factory employment are that workers can be laid off with very little notice. Frequently workers can be laid off with very little notice. Frequently this means they lose their accommodation as well and this means they lose their accommodation as well and this creates a new set of problems.this creates a new set of problems.

ACCOMMODATIONACCOMMODATION Finding accommodation of any sort is extremely difficult for a Pole who Finding accommodation of any sort is extremely difficult for a Pole who

has a limited command of the language. Quite a large number of the has a limited command of the language. Quite a large number of the Poles come hoping that at least the Council will direct them to Poles come hoping that at least the Council will direct them to accommodation. This again arises from the Executive’s campaign. We accommodation. This again arises from the Executive’s campaign. We get countless pleas for somewhere to stay even for a few weeks, till get countless pleas for somewhere to stay even for a few weeks, till they settle down and can find somewhere for themselves. they settle down and can find somewhere for themselves.

Many Poles become victims of unscrupulous landlords who charge Many Poles become victims of unscrupulous landlords who charge high rents for accommodation.high rents for accommodation.

eg 1 £340 per month (excluding Council tax, gas, electricity , water ) eg 1 £340 per month (excluding Council tax, gas, electricity , water ) for one room , kitchen and bathroom –for a couple with two babies.for one room , kitchen and bathroom –for a couple with two babies.

eg 2 A hostel in the town centre charges £65 per week , but there are eg 2 A hostel in the town centre charges £65 per week , but there are three others already in the same room,three others already in the same room,

with one bathroom and one kitchen shared between 20-30 people.with one bathroom and one kitchen shared between 20-30 people. eg 3 One landlord charges £35 per week for “floor space “ –ie you eg 3 One landlord charges £35 per week for “floor space “ –ie you

sleep on the floorsleep on the floor eg 4 £600 per month for a holiday chalet (excluding Council tax, gas, eg 4 £600 per month for a holiday chalet (excluding Council tax, gas,

electricity, water) for three rooms shared between 5 people and a electricity, water) for three rooms shared between 5 people and a baby.baby.

DIFFICULTIESDIFFICULTIES Discrimination is becoming common, where landlords will not rent to Discrimination is becoming common, where landlords will not rent to

Poles as they fear that there may be further sub letting . This Poles as they fear that there may be further sub letting . This behaviour affects the Poles who are genuinely seeking decent behaviour affects the Poles who are genuinely seeking decent accommodation. accommodation.

A number that I know personally have submitted housing A number that I know personally have submitted housing applications have been waiting for accommodation for a long time applications have been waiting for accommodation for a long time despite difficult overcrowded conditions and with no hope of a place, despite difficult overcrowded conditions and with no hope of a place, because of the already –difficult housing situation in Inverness , because of the already –difficult housing situation in Inverness , which existed before they came here. which existed before they came here.

A large proportion of newly-arrived Poles have problems obtaining A large proportion of newly-arrived Poles have problems obtaining their Home Office registration and due to the internal reorganisation their Home Office registration and due to the internal reorganisation of Job Centre plus, similar difficulties in obtaining National Insurance of Job Centre plus, similar difficulties in obtaining National Insurance numbers. As a result they become “illegal workers” and not eligible numbers. As a result they become “illegal workers” and not eligible for Child Benefit for their children here.for Child Benefit for their children here.

Some employers are slow to go through the process of organising Some employers are slow to go through the process of organising HO registration, particularly if the workers are likely to be HO registration, particularly if the workers are likely to be dissatisfied with the employers’ working conditions and thus likely to dissatisfied with the employers’ working conditions and thus likely to leave.leave.

POLAND TODAYPOLAND TODAY For many Poles in Poland the options are very limited;. the For many Poles in Poland the options are very limited;. the

unemployment in Poland is still at 30% . No matter how unemployment in Poland is still at 30% . No matter how well qualified a person is the salaries remain low, and well qualified a person is the salaries remain low, and luxuries are virtually unobtainable for an average luxuries are virtually unobtainable for an average employee. The average minimum wage (based on employee. The average minimum wage (based on calculations in 2003 ) in Poland is 37.4 % lower than here –calculations in 2003 ) in Poland is 37.4 % lower than here –i.e. at 201 euros per month.i.e. at 201 euros per month.

Despite what rumours may say , the Poles are not here to Despite what rumours may say , the Poles are not here to seek state handouts , or to deprive others of work. They are seek state handouts , or to deprive others of work. They are hard –working ambitious and independent –minded. They hard –working ambitious and independent –minded. They simply want to work towards a better future for themselves simply want to work towards a better future for themselves and their families.and their families.No matter how well-qualified and trained you are in Poland, No matter how well-qualified and trained you are in Poland, the maximum amount you can earn is still too low to enable the maximum amount you can earn is still too low to enable you to buy luxuries such as your own home, satellite TV or you to buy luxuries such as your own home, satellite TV or a combine-harvester –if you are a farmer ! a combine-harvester –if you are a farmer !

Inverness Polish AssociationInverness Polish AssociationOffice: Albyn House 37 A Union Street Inverness IV1 1QA Office: Albyn House 37 A Union Street Inverness IV1 1QA

01463 22322301463 223223 Chairman Mrs.Zosia Wierzbowicz-FraserChairman Mrs.Zosia Wierzbowicz-Fraser