SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY Lect. Sapna Gambhir Neha

MNW-888-2k11 CN

Advancement in computing power have enable continued growth in virtual reality, visualization and simulation technology

Virtual reality is defined as human computer interface that simulate realistic environments while enabling participant interaction, as a 3D digital world that accurately models actual environment.

INTRODUCTION

In surgery, the life of the patient is of utmost importance.

Many patient have lost lives because of surgical errors.

VR provide good tool to experiment the various complications arise during surgery

Need for Virtual Surgery

Introduction of Virtual Surgery

It refers to a virtual reality simulation

Actual patient is not required

Doctors can practice on a virtual patient before performing the surgery

Virtual Surgery, in general is a Virtual reality technique of simulating surgery, which helps surgeons improve surgery plans and practice surgery process on 3D models.

The virtual surgery is based on the patient specific model, so when real surgery takes place, the surgeon is already familiar with all the specific operations that are to be employed

What is Virtual Surgery

The first virtual surgery was performed in 17 Aug 2009 when Dr. David clarke in Halifax,Nova Scotia removed a brain tumour 24 hours after removing a simulated tissue.

Project Odysseus was developed to form a 3D image of a person’s liver to allow surgeons to train before a surgery.

France Telecom also develop a communication system for the project callde argonaute

HISTORY

It is a virtual reality technique of simulating surgery procedure

It helps surgeons in improving surgery plans They practice surgery process on 3D models Virtual surgical tools or gloves are connected

to motion sensors where the users can physically feel the difference in simulated tissue and organs.

Virtual Reality Technique

Training & education Surgical planning Image Guidance Tele surgery

Virtual Reality Application

Traditionally textbooks images or cadavers were used

Today VR simulators are becoming the training method

It allows the users to view the anatomy from wide range of angles

Training & Education

Traditionally surgeon calculates various parameter & procedures

This leads to lot of errors Virtual reality helps in reducing errors Plans surgery in reliable manner

Surgical Planninig

The integration of advanced imaging technology, image processing and 3D graphical capabilities has led to great interest in image guidance and computer-aided surgery.

It also provide useful in Robotic Surgery, a new technique in which surgeon remotely manipulate robotic tool inside the patient body

IMAGE GUIDANCE

Allows surgeon to operate on people People are physically seperated from

themselves Done through master-slave robot

Tele Surgery

3D image simulation Touch simulation

Virtual Reality Simulation

Generate a 3D model

Depending upon this simulation needed, anatomical images can be derived from series of patient’s MRI or video recording, which are 2D images.

Images are segmented and constraints are imposed.

3D Image Simulation

Then we construct a reference model.

After that obtain final model by deforming the reference model.

Cont…

Simulating haptic touch sensation. Calculation of force applied to cut &

punchers the various tissue. Haptic goes a long way to make virtual

reality simulators more life like

Touch Simulation

Consist of powerful PC Run the software To interact with virtual environment The addition of haptics to virtual

environments has provided computer users with the ability of expression in multiple dimension.

Virtual Reality Simulators

Minimizes the no of medical mistakes Effective use minimal access surgical

technique Better training in anatomy and surgical skill

which reduces the need for cadavers.

Importance of VR

Short coming in realism of simulation Costly Need human computer interfaces Conflicts between sensory information

Disadvantages