Nowadays, overpopulation is a disturbing problem. Since the end
of the Great Famine and The Black Death in 1350, World population
is growing continuosly between the year 1400 and the 21 st century.
By the month July 2013, the world population is estimated at
7,095,217,980 people.
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Overpopulation has caused lots of problems but the main
problems are environment pollution, shortage of resources, rise in
unemployment, conflicts and war.
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environment pollution
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shortage of resources
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rise in unemployment
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conflicts and war
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When we talk about the overpopulation, we should first
understand the causes of it. Reduced death rate, better medical
facilities, depletion of precious resources are few of the causes
which result in population explosion.
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Declining in death rate/Increasing in birth rate: The
difference between overall birth rate and death rate is the main
causes of overpopulating. If the number of children that were born
equals with the number of adults that die, world population will
stablelize. There are factos show that while there are many ways to
increase death rate for a short time there are also many solutions
to increase birth rate for a long period of time.
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Declining in death rate/Increasing in birth rate: The discovery
of agriculture by our ancestor provided them the sustant to provide
food without hunting. This created the first imbalance between two
rates.
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The improvement of medical facilities and technology
advancement: Since the came of industrial revolution these two
reasons perhaps have been the biggest reseasons why the balance of
birth and death rate has been disturbed recently. Science was able
to produce better means of producing food which helped families to
feed more children. Medical science has made many discoveries to
cure a large range of diseases. Sicknesses that has claimed
thousands of lives were cured because the invention of vaccines.
Combining the increase in food supplies and fewer people die
because of illnesses has affected population growth.
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Bearing more child to overcome poverty and Imigration: For many
years, there is a very small part of the world population that had
enough money to live in comfort and most of them lived poorly.
Families who faced poverty give birth to more children so that
their children can help them over come poverty lead to Imigration.
Many people prefer to move to developed countries such as US,UK
Canada,where the best facilities are available or highly rated
employment chances result in a shortage of resources and these
countries become overcrowed.
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Lack of family planning: Most developing nations have large
number of people who are illiterate, live below the poverty line
and have little or no knowledge about family planning. Getting
their children married at an early age increase the chances of
producing more kids. Those people are unable to understand the
harmful effects of overpopulation and lack of ignorance prompts
them to avoid family planning measures.
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To solve this problems many plans has been made such as:
Provide free and better education: Educating the masses helps
people understand the need to have one or two children at the most.
Families that are facing a hard life and choose to have four or
five children should be discouraged. Family planning and efficient
birth control can help in women making their own reproductive
choices. Open dialogue on abortion and voluntary sterilization
should be seen when talking about overpopulation.
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Making People Aware of Family Planning: As population of this
world is growing at a rapid pace, raising awareness among people
regarding family planning and letting them know about serious after
effects of overpopulation can help curb population growth. One of
the best way is to let them know about various safe sex techniques
and contraceptives methods available to avoid any unwanted
pregnancy.
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Tax Benefits or Concessions: Government of various countries
might have to come with various policies related to tax exemptions
to curb overpopulation. One of them might be to waive of certain
part of income tax or lowering rates of income tax for those
married couples who have single or two children. As we humans are
more inclined towards money, this may produce some positive
results.
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Knowledge of Sex Education: Imparting sex education to young
kids at elementary level should be must. Most parents feel shy in
discussing such things with their kids which result in their
children going out and look out for such information on internet or
discuss it with their peers. Mostly, the information is incomplete
which results in sexually active teenagers unaware of
contraceptives and embarrassed to seek information about same. It
is therefore important for parents and teachers to shed their old
inhibitions and make their kids or students aware of solid sex
education.