Subject Verbobject Repeated Verb Structural Particle

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Unit 1 I did not expect that you swim so w ell

Dialogue

Xuyu: Dwi, mi xingdo nyuyng yu de zhme ho.

Xueyou: Dawei, (I) did not expect that you swim so well.

Rnmi: T bba sh dxu de yuyng jiolin. "Mng sh ch got", zh b qgui.

""

Renmei: is dad is the swimming coach of the university. The master of fame will pro

duce excellent isciple, which is not unusual.

Dwi: Znme b qgui? Bba sh bba, rzi sh rzi.

Dawei: How come not unusual?! Dad is dad, (and) son is son.

Xuyu: Nbba b sh nde jiolin ma?

Xueyou: Isnt your dad a coach?

Dwi: W bba sh dxu du de jiolin. Wmen ji de jiolin sh w mma. Wmma

hn yng, jio de y hn rnzhn, suy wmen ji jg xingdjimi du sh

yuyng

ho shu.

Dawei: My dad is the coach of the university team, (but) our family coach is my mom.

Mom is very strict,

(and her) teaching is also very earnest (she teaches very earnestly), so, the

kids in my family are

all skilled swimers.

Rnmi: Sh ma? Xi c w pngjin nmma de shhu, ydng qng t zhdin zhdin.

Renmei: Really, Next time when I bump into your mom, (I) will definitely ask her for

advice.

Dwi: Nyu de bcu ma?


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Dawei: You are a good swimmer (you swim not bad).

Rnmi: Nl.

Renmei: Thank you.

Xuyu: T yu de ti mn le.

Xueyou: She swims too slow.

Dwi: Zhnde ma? Rng w knkan.

Dawei: Really? I will take a look.

Rnmi: Du ma, w jio nHny, ny di jio w yuyng.

Renmei: Thats right. I teach you Chinese, (and) you got to teach me swimming.

Xuyu: Dwi, shu zhnde, zujn nZhngwn shu de hn lil.

Xueyou: Dawei, tell you the truth, recently, your Chinese is quite fluent (you speak Chinese

fluently).

Dwi: "Mngsh ch got", Rnmi jio de ho ma.

""

Dawei: The master of fame will produce excellent disciple. Renmei is a good teacher

(Renmei teaches

well).

Rnmi: Nl, n xu de nl. Tintian q de nme zo, shu de nme wn; zhngtin b

sh nin

shngc, ji sh tng lyn, dngrn jnb de hn kui. Du le, nmen ma? Zhr

yu chde,

nkn, nilo, hutu, minbo, yngyu jnyu.

Renmei: Thanks, (and) you are a hard-working students (you study diligently); (you) get

up so early

everyday, (and) go to bed so late; all days long if youre not memorizing the new

vocabularies,

(you) are listening to the tapes. No wonder you are making a great progress

( you progress fast).

Yes, are you hungry? There is something to eat here. Look, cheese, ham,

bread; whatever you


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want, it is here.

?

Dwi: Zh sh shnme?

Dawei: What is this?

Xuyu: Zh sh w mma zu de Zhnggu dinxn.

Xueyou: This is the Chinese dimsum my mom made.

Dwi: Zhn ho ch.

Dawei: Dilicious.

Xuyu: Xhuan ch ji zi chdinr ba.

Xueyou: Have some more, (if) you like it.

Dwi: Xixie, w chde b sho le. Xing h dinr shu.

Dawei: Thanks, Ive had a lot. I want to have some water.

Xuyu: Shu zi ch shng. Nq n ba. Qng bng w n y png kungqun shu, ho

ma?

Xueyou: The water is in the car. Can you go and get it? Bring me a bottle of mineral water,

OK?

Dwi: Xng. Nde ch tng zi nr?

Dawei: OK. Where did you park your car ?

Xuyu: Qinbin de h bin.

Xueyou: By the river which is in the front.

Reading


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"...."

""

"

"

"''? ''"

"''''"

"'one out of a hundred'"

""


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""

Dwi cng xio gn mma xu yuyng

Dwi de bba mma du sh yuyng jiolin. Dwi cng xio gn mma xu yuyng.

Mma jio de

rnzhn, Dwi xu de nl, suy t yuyng yu de fichng ho.

Xinzi t sh Dng Rnmi de yuyng jiolin. Mitin xiw Dwi h Xio Dng du qxusheng

zhngxn pngbin de n g jinshn fng yuyng. Jntin xiw Xio Dng do jinshn

fng de shhu, Dwi zhngzi j zhng. Xio Dng hn b ho ysi. T shu "zhn

dubuq.

Jntin loshxi k xi de wn, suyw zhn b ho ysi."

"Mi gunx, nkn, w zi zhr y b qu shr zu."

"N zhn ho, rn ho, jio yuyng y jio de hn ho. Zutin w hi gn Xuyu shu

xing

n zhyng de ho jiolin zhnsh bil tioy."


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" Bil tioy? Rnmi, shnme sh 'bil tioy'? W b dng."

" Bil tioysh chngy, Zhngwn ysi sh 'y bi ge l ji zhme y ge'."

"N, Yngwn ysi ji sh 'One out of a hundred', du b du?" "Du." "W? Bil tioyde

yuyng jiolin? B gn dng, b gn dng."

Both Davids parents are swimming coaches. David has studied swimming with

his mom since his young age. Mom is an earnest coach and David is a diligent

learner, thats why he swims very well. Now, he is Renmei Dings swimming

coach. Veryday afternoon both David and Ding will go to the gyms next to

the students center to swim.


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This afternoom when Ding arrived at the gyms, David was weight-lifting.

Ding was embarrassed. She said: Sorry. Today the teacher let us out late,

so I'm... really emarrassed.

Its alright. See, I dont lack of things to do here.

Youre very nice. Nice personality, and a very nice swimming coach.

Yesterday I told Xueyou that a nice coach like you is Bi l tio y

Biltioy? Renmei , what is Biltioy? I dont understand.

Biltioy is an idiom. The Chinese meaning is There is only one in the

hundred.

Then, it corresponds to English saying one out of the hundred. Right?

Exactly.


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Me, a swimming coach out of hundred? Im humbled. Im humbled.

Grammar

( 1 ) Adjective or an adjective phrase as the complement of degree :

An adjective or an adjective phrase which follows the verb to express the degree of

the action

is known as THE COMPLEMENT OF DEGREE. For example:

She sings well.

He came really early

They did not eat much.

Do you go to bed early?

Did her sister play happily (did her sister have fun playing)?

How well does she write?

Note that

1. The verb and adjective or an adjective phrase which function as the complement

of degree must always be joined by the structural particle .

2. The negation is formed by inserting between structural and the adjective

complement.

3. To form a simple question, a question particle such , can be added to the

end of the statement.


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4. An affirmative/negative question is formed in the complement section.

5. To question the complement of degree, the question pronoun is used.

Summary:

Subject verb structural negation Adjective Question English

translation

particle Adj. phrase Ques. Part. Particle

She thinks too much.

I did not speak clearly.

Did your Mom buy a lot?

How well does your youngerbrother learn?

(2) When the verb has both an object and a complement of degree in a sentence, either

the verb

should be repeated or the object should be preposed. For example:

1.the verb is repeated:


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She swims very fast.

I drive very slow.

Does she eat a lot of rice (does she eat rice a lot)?

How well does your friend speak Chinese?

Summary:

Subject Verb Object Repeated verb Structural Particle The complement of Degree

2.The object is preposed:

He answered this question perfectly.

He sees a lot of movies (she sees movies a lot).

We talked about this matter a lot.

Note that the position of the object can be before or after the subject.


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Summary:

Object Subject Object Verb Structural Particle Complement of degree

2.The pattern ....?

The pattern ....? can be used to expressed emphasis. This pattern is employed

when

one feels something is not in keeping with what is believed, and wants to express his

doubt.

For example:

Isnt he your older brother?


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Isnt that book on the bed yours?

Dont you recognize her?

Wont your Mom come tomorrow?

Note that in the examples, the emphasized parts are highlighted, which could a noun, a

noun phrase,

a verb or a time word, etc.. No matter what it is, must be place right before the

emphasized

element, and always appears at the end of the sentence.

3. The pattern V.()(O.):

The pattern V.()(object) means do some more (of) something. For example:

Please drink some more mineral water.

Lets watch some more TV.

Eat some more food, OK?

They want to listen to some more music.

() in this pattern can be substituted by + measure word. For example:


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Please write a few more words.

Lets buy a few more pieces of paper.

4. The correlative adverb ()......:

The correlative adverb ()......introduces a complex sentence of supposative relation.

The subordinate clause introduced by puts forward an assumption, while the mainclause

signified by states the results or inference drawn for the assumption. The English

equivalent of the correlative adverb ()......is if...then. For example:

If you want to go, (then) I will go with you.

If she likes to eat (it), (then) Id buy (it).

If you like her, then tell her.

If you are home-sick, then give Mom and Dad a

call.


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Note that:

1.In the subordinate clause, the subject can go before or after .

But the subject in the main clause can only appear BEFORE .

2.If the subjects in both clauses are the same, then one of them can be omitted.

3.Sometimes, the correlative adverb in the subordinate clause can be omitted.

5. + O. as prepositional phrase VS. + O. verb complements:

We are quite familiar with + O.as preposition phrase, which gives setting for main

action.

For example:

He reads in the library.

Subj. Prep. phr. V. O.

Ding writes a report at home.

Subj. Prep. phr. V. O.


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From the above examples we can see that information as to where an action takes place is

provided by the prepositional phrase + O.which appears BEFORE the verb. But wealso

came across the following sentences:

My car parks by the river.

Subj. V. Complement

He lives in that small bedroom.

Subj. V. Complement

In these two examples, + O. phrase is places AFTER the verb as a complement, which

signifies where someone or something comes to rest as a result of the action. Most of

the verbs in Chinese such as ,, , etc. can only take + O.as a

prepositional phrase, for the actions they expressed are not concerned with a terminal

point. There are a small number of verbs, such as ,,,,,, etc., can have

+ O.BEFORE or AFTER the verb without any substantial difference in meaning. But

thats not the case with some verbs.

For example:


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He writes by the table.

He writes onto the table.

Where (in what place) did you make the recording of Lesson

16?

Where (on which tape) did you record Lesson 16?

.

Speech Pattern

1.The complement of degree:

1

2

3

4

5?

6


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1.Jntin n znme li de zhme zo? W m jntin cng Tiwn li. W di q ji t.

2.Nmimei ch fn chde mn ma? Wishnme? Ynwi t zu shr zu de hn mn, suy

w xing

zhdao t ch fn chde mn b mn.

3.Zh ling tin wnshng n shu de znmeyng? Difu, w shu de hn ho. Jntin

j din q chung? Sh din. Zutin wnshng j din shujio? Sh din. N shu de ti

du le.

4.Zutin wmen qng cng Bijng li de n ge li xusheng gi wmen jisho Bijng. T

shu de znmeyng? B cu. T Yngwn shu de hn lili, jisho Bijng jisho de

hn

qngch.

5.T y ge rn zi nr wn shnme wn de nme goxng? Wn dinno. Wn dinno? T

j su

le? W su. W su de hizi wn dinno wn de nme ho, zhn yu ysi.

6.Zhnggu ci n zu de znmeyng? W zu de b znmenyng. W xinsheng zu de

ho.

Nme, nmen ji shi zu fn ne? Shi xi k xi de zo shi zu.


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1.Why did you come so early today? My Mom comes from Taiwan today. I have to go and

pick her up.

2.Is your younger sister a slow eater (does your younger eat slow)? Why? Because she is

slow in doing

things (she does things slow), (so) I want to know whether she eats slow.

3.How well have you been sleeping these two days? Doctor, Ive been sleeping well. When

did you get

up today? Ten. When did you go to bed yesterday? Ten. You sleep too much.

4.Yesterday we invited the exchange-student from Beijing to give us a talk about Being.

How well did

he do? Not bad. His English was very fluent (he spoke English very fluently), (and he)

gave a very

comprehensive introduction of Beijing (he introduced Beijing clearly).

5.What is she playing with so enthusiastically (happily) all by herself over there? Playing

with a

computer. Playing with a computer? How old is she? Five. A five years old child is so good

at

computers ( a five years old child play with a computer so well. (It)s very interesting.

6.How well do you make a Chinese dish ( how good are you at making a Chinese dish)? Im

not good

at it ( I dont make it well). My husband makes good Chinese dishes (my husband makes

Chinese

dishes well). Then, who cooks in your family? Who gets off early from class, who cooks.


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2.The Pattern ...? for emphasis:

1

2

3

4

5

6 307

1.Nb sh yo q Niyu ji nmma ma? Znme hi zi zhr? Nzhdao w ch ki de b

ho. Suyi w gn w ddi yqq. W zi dng t.

2.Zh ling zhng dt b sh yyng ma? Shi shu yyng? Y zhng d, yzhng xio.

Nme, n

zhng sh xinzi de Zhnggu ne?

3.Zh sh shnme? Zh sh w zutin mi de nizi k. Nb sh b chun nizi k ma?


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4.Mma, w xing mi j zhng ynyu gungdi. Nb sh yu b sho gungdi ma? W

de

n xi gungdi du ti ji le. W xing mi xi xn de.

5.Nkn, zh xi Hnz xi de znmeyng? Zhn bcu. Zh sh w de shyu xi de. T b

sh Rbn rn ma?

6.Zh sh w de ssh. W zh 307 ho. Yu kng li wnr ba. Nb sh zh zi n jijie ji

ma? Jijie ji l xuyun ti yun le.

B fngbin.

1.Isnt it true that you will go to New York to pick up your Mom? Why are (you) still here?

You know that Im

not a good driver (I dont drive well). So I will go with my younger brother. Im waiting

for him.

2.Arent these two maps the same? Who say (that they are) the same? One is big (and) the

other is small.

Then, which one is the current China?

3.What is this? This is the new pair of jeans I bought yesterday. Isnt it true that you dont

wear jeans?

4.Mom, I want to buy some music CD. Dont you have a lot of CD? Those of mine are too

old. I want to buy some new ones.

5.Look, how well are these Chinese characters written? Really not bad.( They) are written

by my roommate.

Isnt she Japanese?

6.This is my dorm. I live in #307. Come and visit when (you) have time. Isnt it true that

you live in your


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sisters house? My sisters house is too far from the college. (It) is not convenient.

3.The pattern V. () (O.):

1

2

3

4

5

1.Zhr de hu ch zhn bcu. W xing zi mi dinr.

2.W xing zi ch dinr n mma zu de dinxin, ho ma? Dngrn ho la. Xhuan ch,

qng ba.

3.Wmen de ktng qu shnme? W b zhdao. W shu qu yzi. Wmen nr b sh

yu yzi ma? W xing zi mi j zhng.

4.Zi h dinr ji, znmeyng? Nyu shnme ho ji ma?

5.N kn, t Hnz xi de du pioliang. Qng t zi gi wmen xi jge z ba.


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5.

1.Mma, w tngshu Zhnggu chngy yu yu ysi yu yuyng, du ma? Du. Yo sh

nxing

xu, w ji gi nmi y bn Zhnggu Chngy jisho .

2.Wmen mngtin ydng di q Niyu ma? Shu shu ydng di q? Yo sh nb xing

q,

ji zi ji kn sh ba.

3.Zhr de kfi zhn bcu. Yo sh nxhuan, yhu wmen ji tintian li zhr h kfi.

Tintian li? H nme du de kfi, ho ma?

4.Zh ge zhum q jiowi, nshu wmen di dinr shnme? Yo sh nxing di, n jidi ba.

W jude zi nr mi dinr chde gng fngbin.

5.Zutin Zhng losh zu de n ge bogo znmeyng? N ge bogo? N ge guny

Rbn

jngj de bogo. W jude fichng bcu. Yo sh n jude bcu, n ydng bcu.

W y

xing qng t gi wmen bn de xusheng shu y shu.

1.Mom, I heard that The Chinese proverbs are both interesting and useful, (Isnt it) right?

Yes. If you want

to learn, I will buy you a copy of Introduction to the Chinese Proverbs .


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2.Do we have to go to New York tomorrow? Who say (we) have to go to? If you dont want

to go, (you)

can read at home.

3.The coffee here is not bad. If you like (it), in the future we can come here everyday to

have coffee. Come

everyday? Is it good to drink that much coffee?

4.This weekend (we) will go to the suburbs. What do you think we shall bring? If you want

to bring

(something), you can (bring). I think its more convenient to buy food there.

5.How is the report given by Teacher Zhang yesterday? Which report? The report about the

Economics

in Japan. I think its great. If you think its good, then, (it) must be good. I also want to

invite him to

give a talk to the students in my class.

5. + O. as a verb complement:

1

2

3

4

5


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1.Tng zi h bin de n ling ch sh n de ma? B sh. W de ch tng zi Xusheng

Zhngxn de

pngbin.

2.Zutin wnshng n shu zi nr? Shu zi ktng de n zhng d zhuzi shng. Zhnde

ma?

3.Zu zi Xio Ding pngbin de n ge nnsheng sh t de nn pngyou ma? Xio Dng zi

nr?

T zu zi wmen de qinbin.

4.Zh ge z nshu xi zi nr? Xi zi zhr, xi zi zhr. Wishenme xi zi zhr ne? B xi

zi zhr, xi zi nr ne?

5.Zu zi wmen hubin de n ge rn zhng xio nne? Xio shnme? Y bin zu y bin

chde rn hn du. Zh b qgui.

1.Is the car parked by the river yours? No. My car is parked by the students center.

2.Where did you sleep last night? I slept on the big table in the living-room. Really?

3.Is the guy who sits next to Ding her boy friend? Where is Ding? She sits in front of us.

4.Where, do you think, (we) write the character? Write (it) here, write (it) here. Why do

(we) write (it)

here? (If we) dont write (it) here, where do (we) write (it)?


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who eat while

they walk. Thats not unusual.

Documents

Subject Verbobject Repeated Verb Structural Particle