Subject Index of Publications Abstracted in Volumes 1-13May’s Bibliography and Research Manual of the History of Mathematics (University of Toronto, 1973). The subject terms used

HISTORIA MATHEMATICA 14(IYX7). 79-117

Subject Index of Publications Abstracted

in Volumes 1-13

Preparedby ALBERT C. LEWIS

References have the form 10:233: 16 where 10 is the HM volume number, 233 is the page number, and 16 refers to item 16 on the page (the 16th from the top for unnumbered abstracts). Most time periods are denoted by roman numerals; thus, XIV-XV means the fourteenth through the fifteenth centuries. Since there are few cross references the user should look for a topic under several synonymous, more general, or more specific terms.

The abstracts are intended to cover all publications in history of mathematics and thus to supplement Kenneth 0. May’s Bibliography and Research Manual of the History of Mathematics (University of Toronto, 1973). The subject terms used in this index generally follow those in May’s Index of the American Mathematical Monthly Volumes I through 80 (1894-1973) (The Mathematical Association of America, 1977).

abacus, 2:414:4, 3:376:11, 3:502:10, 5:122:695; Chinese, 2:408: 1; Japanese, 2:251:4

Abel, N. H., 4:243:171, 8:111:1546, 8:111:1547, 8:112:1565, 8:222:1653, 9:125:1828, 10:490:2420

Abel’s addition theorem, 8:222: 1652 Abelian groups, see under groups aberrancy, 6:476: 1260 abstraction, 1:495:2, 2~397~7, 2:402:2, 3~367~8 abundant numbers, 1:507:4 Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union,

10:252:2239 acceptance of mathematical theories,

9:499:2025 accumulation point, 7:461: 1475 Ackermann, W., 7:219:1376 Acta mathematics, 13:90: 16 actuarial mathematics, 5:249:764 Adrain, R., 4:375:364 Adrianus Romanus, 5: 116:622 aerodynamics, 2:418:3 aeronautics, l2:400:89 African mathematics, 1:500:2, 2:116:5,

4: 12294, 6:344: 1211; see also Zimbabwe mathematics

Aiken, Howard Hathaway, 1:222:7, 1:365:3, 1:365:4

airplane industry, 6:344: 1204 Aitken, A. C., 2:381:6, 6:226: 1105, 6:227: 1117,

9:499:2020 al-Bahir, 4:246:216 Albert, A. A., 1:226:6, 1:360:2, 3:125:7 Albert of Saxony, 3:115:5, 3: 130:4, 11:352:62 Alberti, L. B., 3:254:5 Albertus Magnus, 1:231:4, 10:373:2292,

12:300:2 al-BiItini. 1:223:2. 1:234:5, 1:360:5, 3: 117:6,

3:126:2, 3:251:2, 3:368:6, 4:241:149, 4:251:281, 4:377:384, 4:488:471, 6:340:1151, 6:479:1302, 7:465:1518, 9~50212077, 11:248:78, E&306:79

Alcuin, 4252~283 Alder, Henry L., 2:379:6 Aldis, W. S., 10:489:2409 Aleksandrov, P. S., 6:100:971, 10:373:2285,

11:243:4 d’Alembert, J. B. le Rond, 1:484: I, 2: 106: 1,

2:119:6, 3:111:3, 4:121:77, 4:250:267, 4:373:328, 4:485:434, 6:345:1231, 6:478: 1289; and fourth dimension, 11:118:70, 11:245:28

Alexander, J. W., 1:358:1 al-Farabi, 2~24511, 2~424~5, 3:254:4, 3:255:1,

3:370:4,4:372:312, 4:488:471

79

0315-0860187 $3.00 Copyright 0 1987 by Academic Press. Inc.

All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.

80 SUBJECT INDEX VOL. l-13 HM 14

Alfonsine tables, 8:114: 1583, Z&:%:64 algebra, 1:489:3, 2: 119:3, 3:364:5, 4:483:406,

1292: 11, 13:94:63; abstract, 10:253:2242, 13:93:47; ancient, 2:395:4, 5:374:X35, 10:490:2418; Babylonian, 12:94:40; bibliography of, 10:142:2179; British, 9: 126:1835, 12:198:77; elementary, 3:122:6; modem, 1:113:1, 1:229:1. 2:225:2, 4: 116:9, 4: 123: 102; modern, U.S.S.R., 4:374:350; symbolic approach to, 10:255:2265; XII, 1:248:1; XII, Indian, 8:490:1771; XIV, l&143:2194; XV, 9:259: 1923, 11: 115:30; XVI, 3:372:3; XVI, Italy, 2:400:2; XVIII, 2: 119:4; XIX, 6: 102:990; XX, France, 9:499:2026; see also cylindric algebras

algebraic curves, 9:362: 1929 algebraic equations, 4:123:98, 6:339: 1143,

10:374:2308 algebraic geometry, 1:243:4, 1:481:2, 2:398:7,

2:403:5, 3: 113:9, 9:254: 1866, l2:302:26 algebraic K-theory, 3: 132: 1 algebraic logic, 3:252:3 algebraic number theory, 2~237~4, 2~407~2,

10:141:2165 algebraic topology, 1:354: 1, 2:385:4, 2:406:4;

beginnings, 3:381:11 algebrization of mathematics, 10:253:2251 algorithms, 3:501:5, 5:125:727; algebraic,

1:509:2 al-Haytham, ibn, 3:254:5, 3:383:2, 5:122:693,

10:142:2175, 10:378:2350, 10:378:2351, 11:248:65, 12:194:42

al-Haytham’s problem, 11:248:65 Alhazen, see al-Haytham, ibn al-Juzjani, Abu Ubayd, 9:502:2079 al-Karaji, Abu Bakr, 1:245: 1, 1:248: 1,

5:377:873, 6:340: 1159, 11:352:55 al-K&hi, 7~220: 1399 al-Khalili, 1:372:2 al-Khazin, 6:228: 1126, 10: 142:2174,

10:250:2204 al-Khazini, 9:501:2057, 9:501:2058 al-Khuwarizmi, Abu Abd Alla Muh. ibn

Ahmad ibn, 4:486:448 al-Khwarizmi, 3:368:2, 4:249:247 al-Kindi, 6:479: 1299, 8: 114: 1580 alligation, 2:387:2, 3: 118:3 Almagest, 3:127:4, 10:377:2338 al-Majdi, Ibn, 12:304:52 almanac making, 11: 115:33 Alphonsine tables, see Alfonsine tables

alSamaw’a1, 3:383: 1, 6:479: 1305 al-Shatir, ibn, 6:479:1303 al-Shirazi, 11:248:64 al-Sigizi, 10:488:2397 al-Umawi, 11:353:80 al-Uqlidisi, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim, 5:489:887,

10:373:2286 Amaldi, U., 1:220:2 American Association for the Advancement of

Science, 4~492~527 American Indian, 1:224: 1, 6:344: 1211 American mathematics, see Latin American

mathematics; U.S.A. Ameseder, Adolf, 13:90: 14 amicable numbers, see friendly numbers Ampere, A. M., 4:244:184, 6:340:1158,

6:341:1166, 7:105:1343, 8:114:1592, 8:117:1629

analogy, 6:474: 1236 analysis, 3:113:10; axiom of choice, 3:112:8;

classical, 1:125:1, 5:376:860, 6:228:1132; Dirichlet, 4:249:253; foundations of, 10:378:2355; in France, XIX, 11:245:31; Galois. 7:219:1391; in Greek mathematics, 11: 117:46; Hungary, 3: 111:4; XIV-XX, 6:339: 1139; XVII-XVIII, 3: 123:3; XIX, 1:362:2, 8:113:1567; XIX-XX, 2:107:1, 6: 100:973; XX, 3: 114: 1; see also calculus; function concept; harmonic analysis; nonstandard analysis; synthesis and analysis

analytic functions, 11:247:53, 12:94:41 analytic geometry, 4:375:361 analytic mappings, 4:498:604 analytic method, 3:365:4 analytic number theory, l3:91:30 Analytical Society (Cambridge), 10: 138:2119,

10:374:2305 analytics at Cambridge University, 9:363:1940 Ananias of Sirak, 5: 119:659, 5: 119:660 ancient mathematics, general history, 1:352:1 Andersen, H. C., 4:496:579 Anderson, Lee W., 1:235:6 And&, Juan, 9:256:1895, l2:306:69 anecdotes, collections of, 1:246: 1, 2:244:3,

2:250:2, 2~422~2 angle trisection, 3:248:4, 9:254:1869,

10:250:2206; Greek to Islamic, 9:364:1%0

Angstl, H., 2:232:5 Anselm, St., 4:372:322 Anthemius, 10:377:2333

HM 14 SUBJECT INDEX VOL. 1-13 81

anthropological view of history of mathematics, 9:127:1856

anthyphairesis, 11:349:22 Apastamba, 2:121:2 Apery, R., 8:117:1631 Apollonius of Perga, 4:249:248, 5: 122:694,

13:90:17; and conic sections, 11:114:21 aposyndesis, 13:92:38 application of science, 12:397:36 applied mathematics, 5: 117:635; XX,

11:350:40 Applied Probability Trust, 11:349:23 apportionment in legislative bodies, 3:116:3,

5:119:662, 10:250:2199 approximation functions, 11:351:46 approximation methods, 4:248:234 approximation theory, 10:487:2381 approximative computation, 7:102:1313 Arab mathematics, 1:237:4, 1:484:5, 1:489:2,

3:118:7, 4:121:67, 8:491:1785, 10:137:2106, 10:142:2173, 10:142:2175, 10:250:2203; al- Farabi, V-XIV, 2:245:1; magic squares in, 2:394:3, 11: 117:56; medieval manuscript, 2:226: 1; and non-Euclidean geometries, 2:122:2; numerals in, 3:375:2; recre- ational, 6:479: 1300, 7:104:1339; roulettes in, 4:489:488; sources for, 11:248:77; Thabit ibn Qurra in, 2:383:3; theory of numbers in, 6:479: 1308; V-XIV, 2: 105:2, 4:490:506; VII-XIII, 5:371:804; VIII-XV, 4:241:150; X, 2:lll:l; X-XI, 2:422:1; X- XIII, 1:238:1; XI, 4:487:466, 5:377:873; XI-XII, 5:377:870; XI-XIV, 6:479: 1306; XII, 4:121:69; XIII, 11:114:22

Aramah, R. Isaac, 2:107:4 arbelos, see shoemaker’s knife archaeology, mathematics in, 1:385: 1, 3:365:5 Archimedes, 3:379:6, 9:501:2056, 11:352:57,

13:315:42; in Arabic, 11:246:44; arc length in, 8: 111: 1553; and burning mirrors, 2:390: 1, 2:390:2, 10:377:2333; and centers of gravity, 11:352:56; and circle measurement, 4: 125: 124, 10: 142:2183; his Equilib- ria, 4:251:272, 5:490:892; manuscript of, 4:249:256; his method, 12:96:62; and methodology, 4:494:561; numerical analysis, 11:351:50; ordering of corpus, 6:478: 1286; and proportion theory, 6:343: 1202; his Protophysics, 11:347:4; shoemaker, 2:416:5, 4:248:239; his Sphere and Cylinder, 4:245:191, 13:318:79; and spirals, 5:250:777; and statics, 3: 129:7;

and triangle area, 10: 143:2191; V-XIV, 1:223:3,4:371:302, 6:99:951, 8:491:1778, l2: 193:20

architecture: ellipse in, 4:496:577; Greek, 6:474:1235; mathematical patterns in, 9:254:1873; of St. Gallen, l2:304:46; of C. Wren, 10:373:2293; V-XIV, 12:303:34; V-XIV, Middle East, 3:251:1; XVI, 10:374:2310

archives: of British scientists, 3:373:8; of Frechet, 8:380:1728; in Great Britain, 1:492:4; journal, 2:379:5; of Royal Institu- tion of Great Britain, 1:224:3; in Vigano collection, 8:226:1699; XV-XVI, 4: 126: 143; see also manuscripts

Archives of American Mathematics, 6:224:1076, 7:221:1415, 10:377:2334

Archytas, 1:380: 1 Arm, E. I., 2:411:2 Aristarchus of Samos, 10:375:2320 Aristotle, 1:498:7, 2:391:2, 4:119:39,

5:120:669, 5:489:888, 6:102:1002, 6:103:1003, 10:141:2159, 10:490:2417, 11:349:24; commentary of A. Rubio, 12:198:79; and logic, 2:391:1, 2:391:5, 2:391:6, 6:478:1285; and quadrature of circle, 11:247:57

arithmetic, 2:412:3; textbooks, XVII-XIX, 9125411868; textbooks, XIX, 3:258:3, 8: 111: 1554; V-XIV, 5:374:847; X-XVII, 10:375:2311; XI-XII, 4:373:324; XV, 8:380:1729

arithmetic-geometric mean, 8:221:1640 arithmetic means, 10:252:2228 arithmetic progressions, 4:485:438 arithmetization, 9:364:1962, 10:373:2291; and

intuition, l2:399:66 Arithmomachia, 2:408:7 Armenian mathematics, 11:35 1:49; VII,

10:487:2382 Arrow impossibility theorem, 3:362:3 art, anamorphic, 3:121:3 .,

art and mathematics, 2:421:3, 3:372:1, 1 4:121:66, 4:483:416, 9:254:1873, 10:254:2262; fourth dimension, 11:245:39; Mobius strip, 10: 138:2118; pattern geome try, 12:308:97; in U.S.S.R., XV, 7:462:1484, 11:349:28

artificial intelligence, lZ:194:34; and computers, 4:243: 173

Artin, Emil, l2:92:12, W:312:7 Aryabhata, 1:366:6, 21397~6, 4~245~199,

x2 SUB.lEC’I‘ INDEX VOL. I-13 HM 14

4:371:x14, 6:IO?:YY3. 7:104:1330, 12:301: 14; bibliography. 7: 104: 133 I

A\-samaw. 61477: 1267 ;l\lrolahe\. 3: I?Y:?, 3:37Y: I

a~lrolopy. XV-XVI, 2:252:4 a~lronomical ,journal\ in (icrmany. XIX,

1:247:7 ;~slronomy. ancicnl. 3:37X: I. 7:21X: 1364;

ILlhylonian and (ircck, 5:4Yl:YOY: in\tru-

mcntz. 4:4XX:47Y; m;dhcmatical. 3:370:3; lo XIX. 2:3YX:3: V-XIV. 3: 117: I; .(‘cc

dw ct)mciary theory ;l\ymplolic mclhod\, 1:4Y2: I, S:374:4.

4:4x9:4(91 Alan;i\oll‘, J. V.. 7:4hO: 1462 Auhrcy, John, l:3S6: I

Auckland, university mathematics in, 10:377:2344

Auckland lJnivcr\ily Collcgc. 10:4XY:24OY Au\tr;di;m malhcmaric\. 5: 124:71X; ancicnl,

2:413: I: cducalion in. 5:2SO:773

;mlograph\ of dcnll\l\. 11:3Sl:S2 Au~olyco\ of I’ilanC. Il:243:5 i~Ul0ill;lt;l, 5: I I7:630

;\vcraging, IO:Z.s2:222X

Avicctlni\. .i:SO3:3. Y~SOO:207, Y:502:207X. Y:502:207Y. II:1 13:2. 12:307:XX

axiom ol’ cholcc. 2:235:4. 3: 112:X. 622.5: IOXY,

X:22h:l705, X:ZZh:l7Oh. 10:141:2162, 10:253:2253. IO:4XY:2405. 11:247:54, 11:34X:9, 12:Y3:24, 12:Y5:55: Cantor.

7:4h4: ISOh; It;dy. IO: 13x:21 I2 axiomatic\. 1:362:3. 2:233:2, 2:3Yh:7. 2:405:4,

2:416:4, 4:4YI:WX. 10:254:2262. 13:31X:X0.

13:3lY:Y7: in (ireck mathematics,

I I: 11X:64, 12:3Y7:41; lcxthooks, I:4XS:S; vcr\u\ con\crucllvs mclhod\. I3:3lY:YX; V-XIV. 3-2v1:s

Ayysng;r~-. A. A. Ki-ishn;i\w;lmi. 9366. IYXY

A/.crhai,jan. Y:?h7: lYS3

A/ICC arithmcllc. IO: 13Y:217Y

Ijahhagc, (‘harlc~,. I :37 I : I, I I : I 13: I, 11:246:41, 11:350:33: hihliography of, 8: I 17: 1632; and compulcrh. 4:4YI :S 12,

5: I IX:hSO, 12:301:X; and cryptography, 12: lY3:2Y; his Jill‘crcncc cnginc. (,:340: I 157; hi> hcri(;gc in Australaxiu.

II:IIX:hS; mxJ A. A. I.ovcl;~ce, I:SOI:l, 12: 197174; m;mu\cripls hy, Y:?SX: 1917; his

mathcm;ltic;d work. 5:371:X06; and modern algchnl. W:4YO: 1770; and New

Zealand, Y:25X: IYIX, Y:503:2OXX.

12: lYY:XY: and Peacock, 4:494:553; and P.

PrevoQ. 3:504: I ; and programming. 7:465:1513, Y:363:1944; and A. von Hum- holdt, 2:416:2

Babylonian malhematicb, 1:370:2, 1:379:5,

10:375:2312, 12:302: IX: algebra, 12:Y4:40; approximalion, 4: I21 :6X; astronomy, 4:246:2lS, 10:4XY:2408; cuneiform tablet.

X:4YO: 1773; cyclolomy, 4:377:3X1; inter- predon of. 2:394: I ; linear itderpolation,

7: 102: 1312; logarithms, 2:393:2; meld

ogy. 4:376:375; numeration, 4: 122:YO: Plimpton 322, N:492: I793

Hachcl de Meziriac, 4:4X7:464 lsachmann. Friedrich, 12: lY6:55

I&con, Franc%, 10: 140:214Y, 30:250:220X, 10:376:232Y. 12:305:5Y

Hacon, Roger. 3: 127: I, 13:3 l5:4S Baer, Reinhold. 13:202:40

Uaert, I’ieter. 1:373:3

I&q+Jlnu~. 2:4lY:S l&iirs. I.oui\ Kc&, 4: 125: 126, 4:4X9:495; and

Hrouwcr. 12:94:3X

IPdkshali manu\cripf, 10:252:2230

halanco, 2:12l:S, 12:397:37, 12:397:42 I~ald~. I~crn;irdino. 5:4XY:XXh

halli\lic\. 3:372:4; Japanese, 2: lO3:Z Banach. !Glefan, 2:405:6

Banach algebras, 7:462:14X2 Banach spaces. 2:4OS:h. 3:382:Y

t3unneker. Hen.jamin, l:SO4:3. 3:377:6

Ijarhier, Enrico, 4:252:2XY tjarnard, Frederick A. P.. Y:362: 1926

Baron. Gorge, 4: 122:XY

ljaro//i, France\co, 10:142:2181 Ijarrow. Iaac, 2: 10X:2. 7:462:14X6 t3ards. MaI-tin. 1:223:h, 1:365: I

Hashmakwa, 1. 6.. 12:300:3 h;l\i\ theory. 1:237:2

ljaudhayana. 1:502:? t&ye\. Thomas. X:ll3:1568, Y:l26:lX40,

11:352:6X Baye\‘s theorem, 11:243:14, 11:353:6Y Ijayesian methodology, II: I IS:34 Hcatty, Samuel, 2:423:4, 4:4YO:4YY ljeaune, Plorimond de, 3:252: I

Hedc rhc Venerable, 2:124:5, 2:241:2 Ilegle. Edward G., 4:37X:39.5 Rehari, Ham. 10:253:224Y

Hclg~an mathematic%, 2:406:2, 13:312: I6 Hclglum, l.ouvain, 5:36Y:792

HM 14 SUBJECT INDEX VOL. I-13 83

Bell Laboratories, 1:355: I, 4:242: 164

Bell numbers, 4:485:436

Belorussia S.S.R., 1:493:3 Beltrami, Eugenio. 11: 114: 16, 11:347:6 Benedetto of Florence, 11: I l5:30 Berkeley, George, 1:382:5, 3:250:3, 8:116:1607

Berlin: mathematics in XIX, 12:307:83; Papy- rus 11529, 9:363:1952; Polytechnic Insti-

tute, 8:383: 1761, 9:367: 1997, 10:378:2352;

school of mathematics, 9:363:1954; trade school (Gewerbeakademie), 7:221: 1408;

University, 1:225:6, 10: 137:2108, 11: ll3:7 Berlin Academy, 1:220:5. 1:225:6, 3:130:3 Bernays. Paul J., 5:375:855, 5:490:900

Bernoulli, Daniel, 6:341:1164, 9:257:1900.

11:116:40, 11:245:34, 12:3Ol:l I Bernoulli, Jacob, 3:246:4, 6:101:977,

10: 138:2124; collected works. 2:249:3, 3:504:9; and probability theory, 12: 198:85

Bernoulli, Johann, 3:246:4, 3:501:8, 6:101:976, 12:302:20; correspondence with Euler,

12:396:25 Bernoulli inequality, 8: 116: I61 I

Besicovitch, Abram Samoilovitch, 13:208:81

Bertins, Alexis Fontaines des, 10:139:2135 Bessel, F. W., 3:130:7, 7:460:1465,

9: 127: 1859, 10:486:2371; photo,

8:111:1544 beta function, 10:137:2103

Betti, E., 4:376:368, 6:225:1091. 7:107:1360, 7:218:1368, 11:347:6

Bharati Ganita Pdrisad, 4:376:371 Bhaskara II, 1:226:3, 2:378:6, 6:102:99

Bianchini, Giovanni, 9:126:1836, 13:94:57

bibliographies: Bell and Catalan numbers, 4:485:436; Benelux mathematics, 2:406:2;

books about mathematics, 6:339:1142; British mathematics, 2:I 16:4; differential

geometry, 2:399:8; expository writings on mathematics, 4: 1 l6:4; Fang, 2:242:2;

Fourier series, 2:123:2: German, disserta- tions, 4:490:500; group representations,

4: I 17:21; for high school libraries, 4:244: 182; history of mathematics,

3:129:4, 4:120:57, 10:377:2340,12:193:22; history of science, 4: 120:58, 4:242: 160. 12:305:65; Indian mathematics, 2:415:2;

Japanese, 2: lO4:3; mathematics, 5: Il6:623; Rcferutiunyi Zhurnul Mu., 2124713: Sanskrit. 21252~2; Semi-Markov

processes, 4:244:18X: subscription lists, 2:381:2

Bickley, W. G., 1:232:5, 13:208:79

Bienayme. I. J., 5:371:807, 13:204:52

bifurcation theory, 8: 114: 1588 Billingsley, Henry, 3:253: I

binary numeration, 4:251:276 binomial theorem. 9: 127: 1860

biographical reference materials, 1:375:2, 2:122:3, 2:408:3, 3:508:3, 3:508:7, 4:116:5,

4:492:527, 6:339: 1144; indexes, France, XVII-XIX. 4:247:229; popularizations,

5:l l5:616; videotapes. 2:424:2: see also

reference materials biology, 5: Il7:636: statistical method in.

11:352:61 biometrics, 2:378:9. 4:495:567 Biot, J. B., 5:119:655

Birkhoff, Garrett, 1:113:1, 4:116:9, 5:491:903. 6:474:1239

Birkhoff. George David, 4: 120:50, 13:89:5

Bjornbos, Axel Anthon, 6:224: 1075 Black, Arthur, 5:249:765

blacks in mathematics, 3:377:6, 4:492:528, 10:488:2402; women in mathematics,

9:501:2049 blind, numeration for, 6:226:1103

blindness and mathematics, 8:223: 1673 Bochner, Salomon, 3:248:7, 4: I l6:lO

Bode, 6:228: I I25 Boethius, 2: 125: I, 10:486:2367, 11: I l3:3

Bogolyubov, N. N., 31257~7 Boguslawski. P. H. L. von, 1:505:4

Bohemian Society of Sciences, Royal,

2123212 Bohl, Piers G.. 2:387:5

Bohm, David, 5:247:750

Bois-Reymond, Paul du. 11:349:21, 12:398:61 Boissibre, Claude de, 2:412:3

Boltzmann, L. E., 3:500:7

Bolyai, Janos. 1:252: 1, 11:353:72, 12:300:4, 12:400:83. 13:90:8. 13:317:75

Bolzano, Bernard, 4:491:507, 6:340:1154,

8:224:1681, 8:493:1810, 9:498:2016, 10:137:2110. 10:138:2123, 12:302:29; and

Cauchy, 7:106: 1356; and dimension theory, 12:307:86; and geometry, 3:506:4;

physical features of, 12:307:94; translation of, 8:116:1618

Bolzano-Cauchy convergence criterion, 7:463:1498

Bombelli, Rafael, 1:233:2, 1:382:1, 4:483:413, 6:341:1162, 10:488:2394

Bombieri. Enrico, 3:384:2

x4 SUBJECT INDEX VOL. I-13 HM 14

I%ompi;m;~. Enrico. 4:24Y:255. 4:4Xx:4X1. 4:495:571, 4:497:5YO

Ibnn Univcrsily. 13:31X:X3

I<onu\. I’clru5, 12:Yl:h

I~oolc. &!orgc. 3:24X:3. 4: Il7:23, 5:124:713. 6:343: 1203. X:225: 1646. Y:4YY:2070.

Y:500:203X. Y:502:2075. 10:13X:2125, 10:4X7:?3XcJ, I I: I 17:54. II:?4.3: 13: hiogw

phy of, 12:305:5X: and A. DC Morgan. IO: 143:21Xx: inllucncc on c’. S. I’circc.

111: l41:3-lhl: his psychologism. 3:377:7

I~oolc, Mary Evcrcsl. 1:3X3:4, IO: 140:1-152 I3OOlC;ln illjiChK1. Y:500:2040. IO: 140:7-152

I3oolcan cxprcs\ion. oplimi/.;llion of, X:?Y: I694

IIoonc. William Wcrncr. 13:?00:7h

Ibrchmd. K. W.. 12:Y5:57 I~odoni. A.. I I: I 13: I?

I~orcl A. 7:214:144x . . Ihw2l. t<milc. 4:24X:240. 7: 105: I35 I,

10:254:22(,4: colleclcd work\. 3:24'J:4

I3orcl. K. t’., _)I._, ll:243: IO I3orcl law of nornii~l numhcrh. 4:345:205 Ibrcl set\. 3: II?:?

Ih\rclli, (;. A.. 3:3X0: IO. 3:3X4:5

IIoscovich. K. C;., IO:37X:356. 12:?07:00 Ihec, S. N.. ohilllary. 5: II%:740

boll-IJullin Ihcorcm. 12:'J?: 17

hollllllary vLIIllc pn~I~I~lns. XIX. 4:374:34CJ Ilour. .t. I:. E.. 2:41X:5 I30111l~aki. Nicola\, 2:?43:4, 5:36<J:7’JO,

II: I I I: 1540, 12:‘J3:3. 12:305:hO

Ih)villu5. (‘al-oli, 6: 103: 1010 Ih)wdilch. N;lth;micI, 10:773:??J7

Hoycr. (‘arl I{.. 4: lE:X7. 4: I’?:XX. 4:14h:21“ Ibykan, t’ou--RI Marian. 4:377:3<J)3

I~r;dw;udinc. ‘l‘homa~. I: 174:Z. 6:477: I3fJ. lO:l3X:?I?-7

lbd~m;~gupb 2:E7:2, 2:4lh: I hranchinp p~-occ$ss\. 13:104:5?

t%I.;Iucr. Kich;ld I>.. 6:470: l2Y. Y:502:3t7h. lW374:PJ'J. 13:202:1Y

Hrcdikhin;l, t<. A,. ohiluury. 5: 124:77:!

Hrc.jctl;l. .lod. X:T! I: 1643. X:726: 1702 I~rcncr. .t. I... 7:21x:1371

Ill-ink. Kaymond Woodw;d. ohiluary. 2:3Xx:5

ljrio5chi. I:.. 7:ZIX:llhX. ll:347:h

I%risson. 13.. 5:373:X% I<rilish malhcmalic~. 2: I 16:4: ;uid Fourier.

4:4X4:41_: orgilni/ilIi0ns. l:243: I: XVIII. l:777:4: XIX.4:4X4:42X

t3rilish Socirty for the History of Mathema-

its. 4:376:370: IYXI, Y:362: 1936 t3ro;dhcnl. Thomas Arthur Alan. 13:202:3X:

obituary. l:501:4

Ijrounckcr. William, ll:?44:23 Urouwer, L. E. J.: and Bnire. 12:94:1X; co-

lecled works. 3: ID:?. 4:252:294: his dixxetIalion, 7:224: 144’): and intuitionism.

I:LOO:3. S:4YO:XYh, Y:354: 1X67: philosophy. 4:4YX:hO7. IO: 139:2130: and pxychol-

ogy, Y:SOO:103X; and lopology. 3: I I?: IO; uncxlcnctahle order, Y:502:2070

I3rownian molion. 3: I l4:3 Ijrownlce. John. 8: 113: 1575

Ijruk. Isaac S.. 2:3X3:6

Ijrun, Vigpo. 7:~23: 1436. 7:923: 1439 Ijruncllcschi. F.. 3:34:5 tjruno. GiorJ;~no. 6: 103: 1013

ljrunschvicg. I,em. I:SOX:C

HutTon. G. I>. I>.. 6: 103: 1017 ButTon needle problem, IO:i73:21Y4

t3ugaev. N. V., 3:3X4:9 t3uIg;ubn Academy of Scicnccs. 3:377:Y Hulgarian malhematics. 3:25X:3: ancicnl.

l:?7h:2: research. 3:3hh:h

I3ullen. Keith Edward. 10:377:344 t%uny;lkovzkii. V. Y.. 10:4YO:2471

t3uralLFot?i’s p;ir;itlox. 9: 125: IX23 I3urchnull. Joseph I,angley. 13: lYh:4

tjiirgi. Jest. 3:372:3 t3uridan. Jean. 3: 115:s. 7:4hh: 15X. ll:351:h:!

tjurks. Arthur. 7: 103: l3?J

tjurlcy. WaIteI-. 11:24X:74 bul-ning mirrors. l&377:7333: .scc rr/sc> Archi-

mcdl3 I3urn3ide. William. 6:224: 1072

Hu>hcll. Warin FOSICI-, 4:4YS:57? Buxton, Jditliah. 12:97:76

Buys 13;1110!. C’. H. I).. 6:342:1 IX? t3yd/ov\hy. Hohumil. X:126: 1707 ljyron. A. A.. SC’< I,ovcl~~ce. Augusla Ada

ljy/antinc m;~thcmalics. l:El:6, IO: 137:ZlW:

manuscriplz. IO:?S6:?2X~

(“-;llgcbl-as. 7: IO?: I3 19

c;~lcul;~ting muchinch. 1:767:6. 3: 126:X. 4:4X9:4X9. ll:247:52. 12:196:h4: ;md Jap;m. 5: I IS:hX: prehistory of. 4:493:534:

XVII-XVIII. 4:4Yl:51 I: XVII-XX. 4:4Yl:.sOO: XIX-XX. 4:4Yl:513

calculation methods: in China (Yuan and Ming). 0:25X: IY IY: V-XIV, ll:350:7

HM 14 SUBJECT INDEX VOL. l-13 85

calculation teaching, 12:3%:32. 12:399:68 calculus, 1:494:2, 1:509: I, 2: I 10:5, 2389: I,

5: 122:692, 6:223:1063, 7:103:1322, 8:492:1800, 13:316:63; Bernoulli, Johann, 12:302:20; and France, XVIII-XIX. 10:375:2315; fundamental theorem of. 2:415: I; infinitesimal, 12:395:15; in Italy, 9:366: 1985; rigorization of, 1:488:2

calculus of variations, 4:372:309, 8:224: 1674, 11:244:22, 12:303:33, 12:398:54

Calderon, A. P., 6:476: 1257 calendars, 3:249:3. 4:243: 169, 6: 104: 1027,

10:488:2392; Greek astronomical, 12: 199:92, 12: 199:93. 12: 199:94; in Japan, 8: I 14: I593

Callippos, 12: 199:93 Cambridge University, 9:363: 1940. 11:243:7,

12:93:32. 13:90: I I, 13:91:29, 13:92:32, 13:94:61; XIX, 10:138:2119, 13:3l I:5

Campbell. George, 11:247:56 Canadian mathematics. 4: I l8:28; current,

4:373:331 Canadian Society for History and Philosophy

of Mathematics, 8:491:1777, 12:394:7 Cantor. Georg, 1:371:2, 11:349:32; and ana-

lytic functions, 12:94:41; and axiom of choice. 7:464: 1506; biographies of, 6:345: 1222, 6:474: 1234, 11: Il7:47, 12: 19548. 13:93:53: and Dedekind. 4:4X6:453; dimension in. 3: I I l:7: irration- ality criteria of, 9:366: 1995: and Louis Couturat. 12:302:28: manuscript by. 4: 12292: his philosophy. 6:226: I I IO: and Poincare. 12:395:22: psychology of. 9:500:203X: and real numbers. 7:464: 1504. 7:464:1505: and Russell. 8:492:1801: and set theory. 4: Il8:30. 4243: 166. 12: 194:36: significance for mathematics. 10: 141:2160: and theology, 5: 125:728: Wundt. correspondence with, 9:364: 1964

Caramuel. Juan. 10:375:23 IX Cardano. Ciirolamo, 5: 124:717. 8: 117: 1628.

10:377:2339. 10:487:23X4. 13:313: I7 cardinality. 1:354: I Carleman. T.. 11:243: IO Carnap. Rudolph. 3:251:5. 3:365:2.

13:3 l9:96 Carnot. L. N. M.. 1:2X:5. 2:244:2.

6:476:1260. 10:139:2131 Carnot. Sndi. 3:366:3. 4:490:504 carpentry. 10:4X6:2376 Carroll. Lewis. 1:494:3. 2:236:4. 3:255:3.

4:246:213, 6:478:1293, 10:137:2098, 10:250:2199, X%317:72

Carruccio, Ettore, 8:491:1780 Cartan, Elie, 2:384:5, 3:251:6, 8:114:1581.

11:245:38; and Einstein, 8: 112: 1557 Carver, Harry C., obituary, 5:491:902 Casorati, F., 5:375:859. 6:225: 1090,

6:225: 1091, 6:476: 1265, 11:347:6 Casorati-Weierstrass theorem. 5:374:839 Catalan, E., 12:94:45 Catalan numbers, 4:245: 196, 4:485:436 Cataneo, Pietro, 10:374:2310 catastrophy theory, 3:380: I, 5: 117:639.

5:249:762, 10: 143:2193 category theory, 11:348: 17 Cauchy, A.-L., 12:94:46, 13:312:6; biography

of, 12:301:9; and Bolzano, 6:340:1154, 7: 106: 1356; and calculus, 8:492:1800, 10:487:2390; and complex analysis, 7:222: 1428; continuity and convergence in. 12:397:46; and continuum, 7:221:1412; and derivative, 6:224: 1078; and differential equations, 2: 120:2, 8:222: 1661: and elasticity. 9:367:2005, 13:313:20; and Euler, 6:476: 1255; and gamma function, 6:99:960; and infinitely small, 8: Il3:1576: and infinitesimals, 6:224: 1073. 13:92:44; and Lacroix. 9:364: 1958; Oeuures, 1:488:4, 7: 103: 1320, 7:103: 1328; and partial differential equations. 7:461: 1474: and permutations, 11: 114: 17: and rigidity of complex polyhedra, 12:94:37; and rigor, 8: 116: 1617; and spectral theory, 2:225: I: system of analysis, 7:465: 1510: and uniform convergence. 2: I l9:5

Cauchy distribution, 2: II45 Cauchy integral theorem, 1:508:2 Cauchy problem, 4:373:330 causality. 1:485:2 Cavaille. Jean. 13:317:73 Cavalieri. Bonaventuri. 3: 124:5. 13:93:46.

13:31 l:3: and indivisibles. 13:313:22 Cavalieri’s principle, 11:353:75. 13:93:45 Cayley. Arthur, 5: 120:671, 5:374:843.

5:375:858 Cech. Eduard. 9:501:2053 celestial mechanics. 10:252:2240 central limit theorem. 2: lO7:3 centroids. 4:485:435 Ceulen. Ludolph van. 10:376:2327 Ceva. Giovanni, 12:92: I9 Chakalov. L.. 3:363:4


Chao, Chun-Ch, 4:494:552 Chaplygin, S. A., 2:405:1, 2:41&l. 2:418:3 Chapman, Sydney, 4: 126: 136. 13:201:34 Charles, J. A. C., 8:493:1804 Charles the Obscure, 11:349:25, 11:349:30 Charles University, Prague, 7:219: 1388 Charpit, Paul. 9:363:1948 Chauvenet Prize papers, 6:99:953 Chebyshev, P. L., 1:222:3, 1:376:5, 3:258:6,

3:368:7, 4:118:27, 4:488:476, 4:490:505, 6:99:958, 10:487:2381, 11:351:46, 12:93:30; and linkages, 3:373:10: his methods. 3:382:3; and number theory, 3:384:7: and Petersburg Academy. 3:379:9

Chebyshev sets, 3:506:3 chemistry, mathematization of, 10:255:2268 Chern, S. S., 8:118:1634, 13:91:21 Chernikov, Sergei N., 2:234:2 Cherry, Thomas Macfarland, 13:205:58 chi square test, 4:378:399, 10:377:2346 Chilean mathematics, 12:396:33 China, education, XX. 1:233:5 Chinese arithmetic. XIII, 1:244:5 Chinese astronomy, 3:373:9 Chinese calculation methods (Yuan and

Ming), 9:258:1919 Chinese calendar, 3: 126:3 Chinese mathematics, 1:353:4, 3:502: IO,

4:125:123, 4:493:542, 11:113:5, 11:347:5: abacus books, Ming Age, 2:238: I, 2:408: 1; bibliography of, 5: 120:667; and calendars, 2: 109:5; collections on, 1:359:2; education in, 2:420:2, 10:373:2290; education in, XX, 5:125:731; geometry, 2: 121:4; guide to history of, 11:353:71; number squares, 5:375:848; Pascal triangle, 9:125: 1818; right triangles, 4:494:552, 6:224: 1069, 12: 196:54; and society, 2:410:2; volume of pyramids, 6:344:1210, 6:476:1258, 9:254:1865. 9:499:2020, 9:500:2043; and Western mathematics, 3:127:2; -111, 1:246:4; to VII, 9:501:2052; VII, 3:505:2; XIII, 1:372:4, 5:248:755; XIII-XIV, 6:228: 1129; XIV, 5:249:761, 6:227: 1116, 10: 143:2189

Chinese remainder theorem, 8:222: 1662, 11: 117:53

Chinese ring puzzle, 3:508:8 Chittenden, E. W., 8:380:1726 Chit&hang Suan-Shu, 5: 118644, 5:369:793,

13:316:59 Chong, F., 10:489:2409

Choquet, G., 2:378:4 Christensen, Carl Marius, 4:496:581 Christianity and mathematics, 5: 117:633.

11:348: 10 Christoffel, E. B., 7:218:1372. 7:218:1375,

7:220:1403, 7:221:1408, 7:221:1409. 7~222: 1424, 7:222: 1425. 8:490: 1775, 8:490: 1776, 11:350:42; school years, 7:219:1381

chronometry, 4: 119:46, 4:378:398 Chrysippus, 12:192: 12 Chrystal, George. 5:375:856, 10:490:2421 Chu Shih-Chieh, 7:464: 1500 Chu Tsai-Yu, 4:488:483 Chuprov, A. .4.. 5:373:825. 5:374:836 Chuquet, Nicholas. 7:466: 1529, 8: 112:1561 Church, Alonzo, 7:105: 1351 circle: area of, 4:375:362; metaphor in world

views, 1:483:2; squaring. 3:248:4. 5:375:849, 11:247:57. 12:399:70; squaring, Vedic, 10:250:2201

Circolo Matematico di Palermo. see Palermo Mathematical Society

circular functions, 4: 126: 148 citation indexes, 1:227:2, 5:247:744 Clairaut, Alexis-Claude, 2:389:4, 4: 122:81,

10:139:2135. I2:97:71 Clarke, Samuel, and Leibniz, 9: 126: 1838 Clausius, Rudolph, and probability,

3:384: I Clavius, Christopher, 10:141:2158 Clifford, A. H., 1:486:2, 1:486:4 Clifford, William Kingdon, 3:257:5 clocks, 3:381:6. 4:378:398, 8:493: 1809; an-

cient, 4: 119:43, 4: 119:44; V-XIV, 4: 119:45, 4: ll9:46. 4: 119:48; XVIII, 4:119:47

Cobbe, Anne Philippa, 1:372:5, 13:198:15 Cochran, William Gemmell, 8:221:1641,

13:92:33, 13:94:55 Cohen, Leon Walter, 3:375:3 Cohen, Paul, 3:502:5 Cohen, Teresa, 8: 114: 1590 cohomology of groups, 7: 105: 1347 coincidences, 10:143:2192 Colden, Cadwallader, 8: 116: 1607 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 6:344: 1218 collected works, value of, 12:395:17 collections: biographical, 3:379:3; of essays

about mathematics, 3:372:2, 6:342:1190, 12:301:15; of essays from ScientiJc Amer- ican, 6:476: 1254; of historical essays,

SUBJECT INDEX VOL. l-13 87

10:250:2212, 12: 195:46: see uh anecdotes; source materials

Collingwood, Edward F., 2:379:4, 13:202:41 Collins, John, 3:245:1, 4:246:207 Colombian mathematics, 4:124: 122, 4:486:445.

4:486:446, 12: I91 : I ; applied, 12: 196:65 color, theory of, 11:243: I I combinatorial analysis in antiquity, 12: 192: I2 combinatorial logic, 5:372:821 combinatorial topology, 2:406:4 combinatorially complete systems, 6:340: I I56 combinatorics, 2: I l6:2, 4:373:332, 4:485:438,

6:344:1208, 10:140:2148; and Leibniz, 7:105:1345; XVIII-XIX, 7:465:1511

cometary theory, 13:315:48 Commission on the History of Mathematics,

5: Il9:654 compactness, 7:461:1475, 9:125:1829, 12:301:7 completeness for real numbers, 12:305:62 complex analysis, 1:490: I, 4:498:604,

5:491:907, 9:365:1982; Weierstrassian approach, 3:374: I

complex numbers, 4:375:360, 4:496:576 complex products, 11:354:83 computer field, division of labor in, 4:486:454;

literature survey, 3:382:2 computer science, 4:489:493; and mathemat-

ics, 1:486:5, 2:224: I, 2:407:7 computer science education, 3:506: 12,

4:245:200 computers: amateur computing, 6: 104: 1032;

analog, 1:492:2, 5: 118643; anecdotes on, 4:378:402: applications of, 2:382: I ; and artificial intelligence, 4:243: 173; at Bell Laboratories, 1:355: I. 1:355:2, 1:355:3; bibliographies on, 7:106:1353; BINAC, 7: 106: 1357; and Bletchley. 7:103: 1327; character codes, 1:379:1: chess, 3:378:2; in China. 3: 127:3; COBOL, 3:248:6; conference report on, 4: 125: 131, 4:489:484; core memory, 3: 120:5,3:368: I ; and cryptology, 7:223: 1442; debugging of, 1:499:3; and design automation, 4:250:261; dictionaries of, 1:507:7; difference engines, 4:247:225; digital, 1:232: I, 1:247:4, 4:483:415; and Eckert-Mauchly, 9:126:1841: EDSAC, 3:508:1, 7:218:1374; ENIAC. 1:354:2, 3:131:5. 3:502:9, 4: l20:59. 4:245:202: errors in history of, 3~375~8, 71222: 1423: and Forrester, J., 3:368: I; general histories of, 1:381:3, 2:237:3: general histories of, XX, 2:383:4,

5:122:689, 8:223:1663; IBM, 8:226:1698; IBM 704, 3:126:5, 6:227:1123; IBM at Columbia University, 1:251:3; Japanese, 1:377:2, 1:378:3, 5: Il5:621; JOHNNIAC. 7:103: 1329; and Lovelace, 4:248:235; and man, 2:401:4; manufacturing of, 3:120:6; and meteorology, 3:501:6; microcompu- ters, 3:121:4; multics, 1:382:3; multipro- cessor systems, 5: l22:691; National Cash Register, 1:356:2, 1:360:3; in Office of Naval Research, 13:94:56; and Poland, 7:221: 1420; programming, 2: 126:2, 3:369:3, 6: 104: 1030; programming, Bab- bage, 7:465: 1513: programming, lan- guages, 4:246:217, 7: 102: 1309; programming, Manchester, 8:I 12: 1556; ROM, 3:254:3; Romania, 2:402:6; and Schaeffler, Otto, 4:251:279; and Smithsonian Institu- tion, 2:414:2; and society, 2: 126: I, 2:249: I, 3: I l5:2, 3:507:5; stored pro- grams, 4:491:514; SWAC, 8115: 1596; Turing machine, 9:254:1863; UNIVAC II, 6: 104: 1031; users group (SHARE), 8:111:1545; and U.S.S.R., 3:122:4; WHIRLWIND, 4:120:60; and R. Zuse. 1:380:3; XX, 9:255:1883; see ulso calculating machines; und under indiuiduuls’ names

computing, U.S.A., 6:101:983 Comrie, L. J., 9:499:2020 conceptual change in mathematics, 12: 195:46 Condillac, E., 11:244:19, 11:245:36 Condorcet, M. J. A. N. C. Marquis de,

2:106:1, 2:120:4. 2:379:7, 3:119:1, 3:119:5, 3~245~6

conferences, 7:219: 1380 conformal mapping, XIX, 4:252:284 congruences, 11: I l7:53 conic sections, 2:1 l3:4; and sundials, 1:380:2 connected, in topology, 7:224: 1456 connectedness im kleinen, 5:490:898 Connes, Alain, l2:395: I6 Constans, Theophil Schweighart, 2:395:3 constants, high precision, 3:501:9 construction concept, 2:413:5 construction of equations, 9:254:1866,

13:312:ll constructive geometry, 10:376:2324, 12:302:16 constructive theory of functions, 10:487:2381 constructivism, 3:113:1, 3:113:2 continued fractions, 4:488:472, 12:192:16,

13:90:9


continuity, 2:401:2; in antiquity, 11:246:43; and indivisibles, XIV, 11:248:74

continuum, 2:104:1, 2:104:2, 6:102:997, 10:379:2358; antiquity, 5:489:888; and Cauchy, 7:221:1412; problem, 10:489:2405

control theory, 5:250:768 Cooper, Jacob Lionel Bakst, 13:201:31 coordinate systems, 3:380:7 Copernicus, Nicholas, 1:242: 1, 1:498: 1,

1:498:3, 1:498:4, 1:498:5. 2:124:4, 2:229:1. 4:375:352, 4~4831418, 53691795, 6:103:1012, 9:126:1844, 12:93:26, 12:97:69: works, 4:483:412

Copson, Edward Thomas. 13:206:66 Coriolis, G., 5:373:833 cosmography, mathematical, 9:363:1941 Cosserat, Eugene M. P., 2:405:3 Cosserat, Francois, 2:405:3 Coulomb. C. A., 3:258:5 counting board, 11: 115:27 Courant, Richard, 4: 116: 1, 5: 118645,

9: 127: 1857, 9:257: 1903 Courant and Original Advertiser, 8~222: 1656 Couturat. Louis, 1:116:4. 4:495:563, 4:495:566,

7:461:1471, 7:461:1472, 12:302:25, 12:303:30, 12:304:54: and Cantor, l2:302:28

Cracow University, XV, 3:374:3 Cramer’s problem, 12:302:21 crank mathematics, 5:126:737 creativity in mathematics, 12:395:9 Crelle, August Leopold, 1: 113:3. 2:227:3.

2:414:5, 4:124:118, 4:485:443, 6:104:1021. 10:251:2216. 10:376:2326

Cremona. Luigi, 10:376:2325, 11:347:6; photo, 8:111:1544

Cremona transformations, 5:373:830 Crombie, A. C., 13:317:65 cryptology, 3:371:8. 4~3721317, 4:494:555,

5:121:681, 5:125:725, 5:373:828, 6:103:1009, 6:475:1242, 8:493:1813. 12:302:23, 12:306:76; bibliographies. 5~3701798

crystallography, 13:207:73 Cuban mathematics, 12: 196:59 cubic curve, 10:374:2309 culture, mathematics in, 8:225: 1693 culture and mathematics. 3:502:3 Cunha. J. A.. see da Cunha, J. A. Cunningham. Ebenezer. 13:205:61 Curry. Haskell B., 6:340: 1156 Curtiss. John Hamilton. 8: 117: 1630

curvature, 11:245:30; center of, 4:378:397 curve, concept of, 1:370:3 curves, plane, 2:243:2; special, 2: 107:2 Cusanus, Nicholas, 2:396: 1. 8: 116: 1619 Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D., 4:483:417 cybernetics, 2:125:2, 10:256:2283, 12:303:36 cyclic systems of equations, 2:119:3 cycloid, 2: 104:4, 2: 105: 1 cyclotomy, 3:248:4. 4: 124: 110, 4:247:228,

4:377:381 cyhndric algebras, 3:364:5 Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Math.

Inst. at Bmo, 2:232:2, 7:219:1387, 7:221:1410

da Cunha, J. A., 1:221:1, 1:356:5, 7:107:1362; and Gauss, 7~46711539

Daniel], Percy J., 1:368:1, 1:503:4 Darboux, Gaston, 10:139:2132, 11:245:31,

11:348:15, l2:94:46,12:95:57 Dardi of Pisa, 11: 118:69 Dartmouth College, 2:384:3 Darwinism and mathematics, 12: 192:6 Datta, Bibhutibhusan, 3:367:9, 8: 114: 1586 Davenport, Harold, 13:206:71 Davenport, Robert, 4: 126: 146 David, Lajos, 10:251:2219 Davies, E. T., 1:351:3, 13:200:25 De Finetti, Bruno, 4:495:565; isoperimetris,

10:137:2111 De Moivre, A., 3:501:2, 11:352:67 De Morgan, Augustus, 1:362:6, 3:508:4.

4~3761372, 4:493:538, 6:343:1203, 9:255:1880, 10:139:2134, 10:143:2188, 11:118:63, 11:243:9, 13:205:62

De Nemore. Jordanus, 13:90:13 De Valera, Eamon, 4:484:424 Debaune, F.. see Beaune, Florimond de decision theory, 5:121:679 Dedekind, Richard, 2:383:6, 3:116:5,

41247~222, 4:247:224. 413741344, 4:486:453, 6:339:1140, 6:344:1213, 7:105:1348, 8:117:1621, 8:492:1796, 10:251:2223; his ideals, 13:201:32; and Keferstein, 7: 106: 1354; on Kronecker. 11:244:24; and Lipschitz, 7:106:1355; and C. S. Peirce. 13:91:24

Dedekind cuts, 3:245:3 Dee, John, 3:253: I definition in mathematics, 3:374:2 Dehn. Max, 4:116:3, 7:221:1418, 8:116:1620,

10:487:2378


Delambre, J. B., 4:247:229, 4:375:353; and Lagrange, l2:303:39

Delian problem, 3:248:4, 10:250:2206 Deligne, Pierre, 6:227: 1113 Delisle, Joseph Nicolas. 7: 105: 1352 Della Fraille, Jean Charles, 12:199:95 Delone, B. M., 3~377~3 Delsarte, Jean, 4:123:104, 4:123:105 Demidovich, Boris Pavlovich, obituary,

6~477: 1274 Democritus, 3:247:1, 3:373:11, 10:141:2170,

11:248:68,11:352:58,11:352:59 Denjoy, Amaud, 6:343:1199, 7:465:1516,

11:249:85 Denmark, 2: 123:3, 9:366:1994; mathematics

education in, 6:475: 1247, 6:475: 1248, 6:475: 1249; the new mathematics in, 6:475: 1245, 6:475: 1246; XVII-XVIII, 10:137:2100

Depman, I. Ya.. 4:252:282 Descartes, Rem?, 10:250:2209. 11: 113: II;

11:117:52, 12:93:29, 12:95:56, 12:193:23, and analytic geometry, 4:375:361; and ancient geometry, 3:376:10; biography of, 4:241:156; his geometrical method, 7:221:1414; and geometry. 2:395:5, 10: 139:2129; and Oresme, 9:363: 1949; on polyhedrons, 10:251:2217; his scientific works, 4: 118:31; his selected writings. 10:487:2387; his vortex theory, 2: l26:6

Desch, Joseph R., 1:356:2 determinants, 21387~4, 2:418:2, 4~374~337; and

Leibniz, 7:463:1494 Dettonville, A. (pseudonym), see Pascal.

Blaise dialectic, XI-XII, 9:503:2086 Dickson, Leonard E., 4:121:72 dictionaries of mathematics, French language,

7:221: 1413; middle ages, 5:370:799; V- XII, 6: 103: 1019; XX, 1:239:4, 5: 116627, 5:370:802, 5:370:803

Diderot, Denis, 2:239:5, 8:223:1673 Dieudonne, Jean, 4:485:441, 9:498:2010 difference engines, 4:247:225 differential analyzer, 5: 118:643 differential-difference equations, 4:484:422 differential equations, 1:492: I, 2: 112: I,

2: 119:6, 2:388:6, 2:405: 1, 2:417:3, 3: 129:5, 6: 100:962, 7:460:1461; analytic theory of, 1:482: 1; asymptotic methods, 3:374:4; collocation method in, 12:305:61; elliptic, 4:252:285; invariant, 5:375:851; noninte-

grable, 4: 126: 139; ordinary, 1:368:2; ordinary, XIX, 4~3741349, 41487~467; ordinary linear, 1:494:4; and Poincare, l2:303:41; singular points, 1:504:5; XIX, 3:501:3; see also linear differential equations; partial differential equations

differential forms, 8:493:1815 differential geometry, 2:399:8, 4:243:174,

8:492:1797, 9:366:1986; XIX, 2:409:3 differential operators, 4:484:430 differentials, 2: 107: I, 2:389: I ; in teaching

calculus, 4:487:463 differentiation. generalized, 10:490:2416 diffraction theory, 7:466: 1524 diffusion hypothesis, 4: 123:97 digit problems, 4: 125: 133 dimension, 1:369:2, 2:412:1, 3:111:7,

7:105:1341, 9:257:1902, 9:362:1938, 9:500:2047; and B. Bolzano, 12:307:86

dimensional analysis, 9:256:1892 Dinghas, Alexander, 4:378:401, 13:202:42 Dingler, Hugo, 7:467: 1535, 12: 195:44 Diocles. 4:376:378, 10:377:2333 Dionysus, 12: 199:94 diophantine analysis, X, 9:126: 1833 diophantine equations, 4:485:431, 9: 127: 1848 diophantine systems, 3:246: I Diophantus, 1:123:2; algebraic curves,

4:377:387; and al-Karaji, 11:352:55; ap- proximating sequences, 5:372:813; Ara- bic, 10:255:2275; Arabic texts, 6:102:1001; Arabic translation, 7:460:1464; Arith- metic, 1:222:4, 1:496: I, 6: 101:978; and Fermat, P., 10:488:2394; general method of, 7:466: 1525; geometric interpretation of, 10:490:2414: lost works, 5:377:876, 6:101:985, 6:102:986; and Planude, Maxi- mus, 10:137:2099; Rhind and Moscow papyri, 6:340: 1150; Russian translation, 1:482:3; sources, 3:500:5; symbolism, 1:236:1

Dirac delta function, 3:384:8 directories: historians of mathematics,

2:419: 1; Southeast Asia, biographical, 2:400:4

Dirichlet, P. G. L., 3:375:4, 4: 124: 109, 4:249:253, 8~225~1692, 10:374:2300, 11:350:36, lZ:198:84

Dirichlet principle, 4:252:285, 13:90: I1 Dirichlet problem, 10:251:2222 Dirichlet series, 1:367:4, 4:488:480 discovery, mathematical, 4:491:516

90 SUBJECT INDEX VOL. i-13 HM 14

dissection of rectangles, 7: 103: 1324 distribution theory, 10:140:2156, 10:141:2167,

10:377:2336,10:490:2416. l2:397:49 divergence theorem, 6:224:1082; and Gauss.

6:477: 1275 divination, 3:380:9 doctorates in mathematics 1961-70, 4:373:331 Dodgson, C. L., see Carroll, Lewis Dorp, John, 5:122:698 Dorpat, see Tartu University Dostoyevsky and Einstein, 1:244:2 Douglas, Mary, 6:345:1228 Dowker, Clifford Hugh, 13:207:78 Drach, Jules, 8:381:1736 Drastic, Dajko, 2: 123: 1 duality, 4:488:473, 5: 115:618; in projective

geometry, 3:380:6 Dubreil-Jacotin, Marie-Louise, 1: 117:3 Dudeney, H., 7463: 1496 Duffin, R. J., 12:92:17 Dumbleton, John, 3:376:9 Dunnington, G. Waldo, obituary, 3:253:5 duplication of the cube. 10:250:2206 duplication and trisection, 9:254: 1869 Duren, William L., Jr., 4:488:477 Dilrer, Albrecht, 1:383: 1, 2:233:4, 3: 111:2,

8:383:1760, 10:139:2138, 10:489:2403 Durfee square, 7:460: 1458 Dutch Mathematical Society. 6:342: 1183 Dutch mathematics, 2:406:2, 6:341:1169,

6:341:1171, 6:341:1172, 6:342:1185, 7:219:1390, 7:466:1526, 9:258:1913, 10: 137:2109; schoolbook market, 6:342:1184; XVIII-XIX, 7:102:1310

dyadic number system, 8: 115: 1604 Dybvad, Christoffer, 10:376:2327 dynamics, 4:252:295, 5:373:832 Dyson, Freeman J., 1:505:3

Eckert, J. Presper, 7:106:1357, 9:126:1841 Eckman, Beno, 7:104:1340 Ecole Normale, 9:503:2081 Ecole Polytechnique, 11: 116:44 ecology, l3:92:41 econometrics, 1:229:2 economics, 10:140:2142, 13:318:81; welfare,

social choice, 4:252:290 Edgeworth, F. Y., 1:381:2, 7:224:1451 Edinburgh Mathematical Society, 10:489:2411 education: Australia, 4:375:354; autobiographi

cal remarks, 1:225:2; calculation teaching, 12:400:88; history of education, 12:396:32,

13:313:23; history of education in Britain, 3:383:8; history of mathematics in education, 2:114:1, 2:231:4, 2:243:4. 2:389:3. 2:389:4, 4:120:57, 4: 125:134, 4:246:208. 4:486:456, 4~494~557, 10:254:2255, 10:255:2278, 12:191:4; history of socialist education in mathematics, 6:343: 1192; Lenin on, 13:89:6; philosophy of mathematical, 2:233: 1; philosophy and mathematics and, 9:503:2085; profession of mathematics teaching, 12:399:71; reform of, 4:250:260, 4:378:395, 4:378:396; teacher training and mathematics, 9:367: 1997; teaching history of mathematics, 1:367:7, 1:491:2, 2: 111:6, 2:226:3. 3:l10:l. 3:110:2, 3:110:3, 3:503:9, 412471220, 4~3771389. 4~4891490, 6:224: 1077, 6:343: 1193. 6:478: 1294, 7:219:1384, 7:221:1419, 9:365:1979. 9:365:1980, 9:503:2087. 11:244:20, 11:347:2, 12:91:3, 12:397:48: teaching mathematics, 5:371:811. 6:475:1241, 8:223: 1672, 8:382:1746, 10:487:2378, 11:116:38, 13:314:41, 13:319:90; teaching mathematics, elementary school, 6:343: 1194: teaching mathematics, in Great Britain, 9:366:1990; teaching mathematics, in Madagascar, 12:398:59; teaching mathematics, at Univ. of Chicago, 5: 117:637; teaching mathematics, to X, 10:256:2284; teaching mathematics, XIX, 8:493:1809; university, 1:510:2; in U.S.A., XX, 13:314:39; using history of mathematics in, 1: 118:3, 1:484:6, 2:250: 1, 2~25012, 2:251:1, 21252~3. 4:493:545, 7: 105: 1342; using history in teaching mathematics, 1:359:3, 1:367:1, 2:113:3, 2:230:1, 2:420:2, 2:424:6, 3:112:7, 4:120:55, 4:122:93, 4:375:355, 5:250:769, 6:227:1115, 7:107:1361, 7:223:1444, 8: 115: 1603, 11: 116:39, 12: 196:60; in U.S.S.R., XX, 1:376:3; XI-XIII, 4~373~324; XIX, 9:256:1885; see also textbooks

education, mathematics, 12:396:28, 12:400:86, 12:399:76; in China, 1:488:3; elementary, XIX, 3:374:5; in England, 10:252:2233; in France, 13:318:84; in Prussia, 2:377:4, 13:318:82; reform in U.S.A., 3:374:7; in U.S.A., XIX, 2~22711, 2:384:3; in U.S.S.R., 2:410:1, 3:117:4; XII, 3:372:6

Egorov, D. F., 11:244:25


Egyptian mathematics, 2: 115:5, 2:241: 1, 4: 12056, 4:375:362, 6: 102999, 9:363: 1946, 10:488:2402, 11: 113: 14; and architecture, l2:398:62; area of circle, 13:91:26; fractions in, 1:224:6, 7:465:1517, 9:126:1834; numeration in, 3:120:8; papyri, 1:246:2; see also Rhind papyrus

Ehrenfest, Paul, 2:420:4 Ehresmann, Charles, 11: 116:45, 11:348: 17 Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule Zurich,

7:221:1409 Eilenberg, Samuel, 4:243: 168 Einarson, Benedict, 6:478:1285 Einstein, Albert, 2:108:4, 2:229:2, 2:230:3,

2:240:2, 2:412:5, 3:363:4, 4:244: 184, 5~377~877, 8:492:1797, 10:142:2182, 10:490:2419; and Cartan, 8:112:1557; and Dostoyevsky, 1:244:2; and Hilbert, 7:466: 1531, 11:249:82

Eisele, Carolyn, 9:501:2050 Eisenstein, F. G., 4:486:451, 4:498:601,

6:477:1278, 11:354:83 El progress0 matematico, 10:376:2322 elasticity, 9:367:2005, 13:313:20 Eleatic mathematics, 13:89:4 ellipse, 4:496:577; in Dtirer, 2:233:4; in Indian

mathematics, 3:363:5; XVIII, 1:382:2 elliptic functions, 1:239:2, 3:501:7,

10:490:2420; XVIII-XIX, 3:501:4 elliptic integrals, 1:363:6, 8:221: 1640,

11:352:65 Ellis, Robert Leslie, 11: 117:58 encyclopedias, 11: 118:73; of mathematics,

1:241:2,4:241:155, 5~247~745 Encyklop~die der muthemutischen Wissen-

schaften, 10:142:2185 Engel, Friedrich, 11:245:38 Engels, Friedrich, 1:360: I, 2:235: 1, 4:250:263,

9:364: 1956 Engineering Research Associates, Inc.,

7:106:1359 England, mathematics education in,

10:252:2233; XIII, 10:252:2234; XVI, 10: 143:2197; XVII, 6:104: 1025, 6:343: 1196; XVII-XVIII, 2:240: 1; XVIII, 4:377:392; see also British mathematics

ENIGMA, 9:257:1904, l2:302:23, l2:306:76 Enopos of Chios, l&489:2404 Enriques, Federigo, 1:495:4, 10:141:2166 enumeration graphs, 1:121:3, 4:117:15 enumerative geometry, 6:342: 1180 Epicurus, 10:141:2170

epidemiology, 3:121:2, 8:113:1575, 8:492:1795 epistemological problems in history of sci-

ence, 9:127:1853 epistemology of geometry, 7:220:1394 epsilon in logic, 13:317:67 Epstein, Paul, 8: 116: 1620 equations, theory of, 2:410:3, 10:251:2225 Eratosthenes, l2:194:33 Erdelyi, Arthur, 13:200:27 Erdos, Paul, 1:499:2, 5:251:786, 9:126:1834 Erlang, A. K., 4:496:581 Erlangen program, 1:221:5; in physics,

3:506: 1; see also Klein, Felix Ermakov, V. P., l2:302:27 error analysis, l2: 198:86; XVI, 9:256: 1887 Estonia S.S.R., 1:493:4, 2:246:4 ethics, 7:224: 1451 Euclid, 9:255: 1874, 10:487:2380; algebraic

numbers in, 1:362:1; in Arabic, 12:97:77; Arabic manuscript, 9: 126: 1847; axiomat- its in, 3:384:4; and Bacon, Roger, 3: 127: 1; bibliography of, 11:352:66; Book II. 7:219:1389; Book VII, 6:345:1225; Book X, 10:488:2399; commentaries in Middle Ages, 7: 102: 1316; constructions in, 12:196:56; Data, 6:100:%8, 11:349:31; and John Dee, 3:253:1; Elements, 4:492:521, 6~222: 1055, 10:256:2280; Ele-

ments, early editions, 4:493:539; in En- gland, 12:304:51; and Eudoxus, 3:256:3; fundamental theorem of arithmetic, 2:378:8; and Heron, 8: 113: 1573; incommensurability in, 1:380: 1, 6:345: 1226; interpretation of, 10:139:2127; on irrational lines, l2:95:49; in Italian, 9:362:1928; Latin translation, 3:367:2, 8: 113: 1570; Optics, 4:377:382, 11:353:76; and Oresme, 10:376:2330; his philosophy, 9:256:1894; pseudo-, 6:228: 1127; and Pythagorean theorem, W:318:78; and Pythagorean theorem, XII, l3:315:47; ratio in, 10:139:2128, 11:245:27; and Regioman- tanus, 3125517; Sectio canonis, 11:347:3; stereometry in, 2:384:4; in Stifel, 3:256:7; superposition in, 10:379:2361; texts of, l2:198:82; translations, 4:371:303; translations, V-XIV, 2: 103:4; transmission of. 4:248:232, 4~251~273; A. Weil on, 6:477: 1268

Euclidean constructions, 2:121:2 Euclidean geometry, 10:375:2321; XVII,

10:489:2406


Euclidean number fields, 8: 116: 1606 Euctemon, 12: 199:92 Eudoxian proportion in middle ages, 2: 124: 1 Eudoxus, 3:245:3, 3:256:3, 5:249:763,

5:489:888, 11:349:22 Euler, Leonhard, 3:382:5, 4:121:72,

6:224:1074, 8:117:1626, 10:487:2383, 11:114:25, 11:245:28, l2:394:2, l2:394:4, 12:395:13; biography of, 4:251:280, 11:349:20; and G. Boole, 10:487:2389; calculus of observations in, 1:242:4; and Cauchy, 6:476:1255; collected works, 3:364: 1; collection of essays on, 11:246:49: correspondence, 2:376: 1, 5:369:789; correspondence with Johann Bernoulli, 12:396:25; differential equations in, 2:120:2, 4:121:77; diophantine systems in, 3:246: 1; divergent series in, 4~2471226; dynamics in, 2:417:2; elliptic integrals in, 1:363:6; and Euclid, 1:222:1; and France, 13:314:33; and C. Goldbach, 7:223:1434, 10:490:2423; hydraulics in, 1:237:3; and hypergeometric function, 13:313:25; infinite series in, 12:397:39; infinitesimals in, 2:383:2; interpolation of series in, 6:340:1153; and Lambert, 11:249:84, l2:192:11, l3:312:8; Laplace transform in, 9:254:1871; and Legendre, 11:352:65; and Lomonosov, 6:340: 1148; his lunar theory, 3:377:8; and Tobias Mayer, 1:251:2, 3:255:9; mechanics in, 5:373:833; on mechanics of fluids, number theory in, 2:119:1, 8:113:1571, lZ:396:24; optics in, 2:236:3; philosophy of science in, 4: 124: 120; quadratic reciprocity in, 12:396:23; Riemann zeta function in, 2:390:4; rigor in, 6:225:1097; series in, 7:218:1366; theory of distributions, lZ:397:49; zeta functions, 3: 115:3, 8:117:1631

Euler identity, l2:97:73; for Weierstrass zeta function, 2:392:7

Euler latin square conjecture, 8:492:1794 Euler partition identity, 6:227: 1121 Evelyn, Cecil John Alvin, 13:208:84 evolution of mathematics, 1390: 15, 13:319:99 exchangeability, l&313:21

Fabera, J., obituary, 7:218:1363, 8:221:1645, 8:226: 1703

Facini, Bernardo, 10: 142:2180 Fagnano, Giulio, 12:192:7

Faille, J.-Ch. della, 5:251:784 Farkas, Julius, 6:344:1215 Faulhaber, Johann, 9:364:1955, 10:379:2365 Fechner, G. T., 2:419:3 Federmann, A., 5:374:847 Fefferman, Charles, 4:248:237, 6: 105: 1033,

6:227:1114 FejCr, Leopold, 2:248: 1, 8382: 1749 Fenning, Daniel, 9:254: 1868 Fermat, Pierre de, 1:236:2, 1:354:4, 1:359:1,

1:371:4, 2:110:4, 2:112:6, 2:119:1, 2:378:6, 4:121:71, 41122179, 4:126:140, 4:245:204, 4:376:379, 4:491:520, 5:117:634, 6:100:966, 8: 116: 1606, 8:226: 1706, 10:373:2287, 10:488:2394; classroom application, 5:250:770

Ferrar, W. L., 2:403:6 Ferrara Public Library, exhibition, 13:90:7 Fibonacci, 1:119:3, 2:243:3, 4:248:234,

6:103:1007, 6:340:1149, 11:243:6, l2:96:63, l2:96:65, l2:306:73; numbers, 6~477~1272, W:94:60; Q-matrix, 9:500:2037; sequences, 6:228:1125

fields, theory of, K!:302:16 Fields medal, 2: 112:2, 7:219: 1383; history,

3:503: 10 tigurate numbers, 1:507:2 films relating to history of mathematics,

l2:305:68 Fine, Oronce, 3:118:6, 3:382:11, 6:103:1010 Finetti, B. De, 13:313:21 finite division algebra theorem, K&197:75 finite element method, 1:370: 1, 3:507:6,

6:344:1204, 8:118:1636, 9:127:1857 finite groups, 5:490:899 Finland, 8491: 1788; XIX, f&:223:1670 Fisher, R. A., 1:372:6, 1:497:1, 3: 128:4,

4:242:161, 4:378:404, 5:489:884, 8:223: 1669, 10:373:2298

Fisk University, 4: 124: 116 Flett, Thomas Muirhead, 13:208:83 fluid mechanics, similarity laws, 1:246:3 fluxions, 1:494:2, 9:126:1840 folk mathematics, 4: 117: 19 Fontaine, Alexis, 9:500:2039, 11:349:27 foot, Roman, 9:255:1881 Forder, Henry George, 10:377:2344,

10:486:2370, 10:489:2409, 13: 198: 16 formalism, 9:367:2004, 10:253:2242 Foucault, J. B. L., 8:490:1763 Foucault, Michel, 9:364:1958 Foulkes, Herbert Owen, 13:201:35


foundations, 2:233:2, 2:383:1, 3:113:3, 5:248:757, 10:253:2252, l2:196:66; of analysis, 10:378:2355; constructivism, 3:113:1, 3:113:2, 11:115:32; dialectical materialist, 2:108:3; history of, 6:341:1170; psychology in, 9:500:2038

four color problem, 2:113:5, 3:508:4, 41245~198, 4~376~372, 5~1261743, 8:112:1560, 9:365: 1975, 9:501:2062; Appel and Haken announcement, 4:498:600

Fourier, Joseph, 2:245:2, 4:248:244, 4:484:425, 4:486:449, 5: 119:656, 10:250:2211, 13:92:43

Fourier analysis, 10:140:2141 Fourier series, 1:491:1, 2:123:2, 3:113:11,

4:117:1,5:493:950 Fourier transform, W:314:40 fourth dimension, 11:245:39, l2:304:49 Fox, Charles, 13:207:77 fractals, 3:373:12, 5:117:631 fractional calculus, 4:245:197, 4:252:293,

5: 126:739 fractions: continued and unit, 9:503:2090; in

Egypt, 1:224:6, 7:465:1517, 9:126:1834, 9:501:2051

Francesca, Piero della, 4:244: 186, 6:475: 1243 Franc0 of Liege, 4:372:316 Frank, Mikhail Lyudvigovich, 10:487:2386 Frankfurt Mathematics Seminar, 8: 116: 1620 Franklin, Benjamin, 4:483:410 Franklin, Fabian, 6:227:1121 Franz, Johann Michael, 9:363: 1941 Frechet, M. R., 8:380:1728, 10:252:2226,

11:243:4, 11:248:75, 11:349:32, l2:94:38; and Lebesgue, 11:353:74; topology, l2:191:3

Fredholm, E. I., 6:340: 1155 Frege, G., 1:240:2, 3:256:6, 4:485:444,

6:224:1087, 10:142:2177, 10:251:2223, 10:252:2241, 13:311:2, 13:312: 10; collected papers, 13:91:23; correspondence, 4:490:502, 7:462: 1478

French mathematics: analysis in, XIX, 11:245:31; biographical indexes, XVII- XIX, 4:247:229; compared with Italian, XX, 11:243: 12; and economics, l2:306:70; journals in, 2:395:6; V-XIV, 11:352:60; XVIII, 10:138:2113; XVIII-XIX, 10:375:2315; XIX, 9:255:1878, l2:307:81

Friedrichs, Kurt, l2:96:66 friendly numbers, 3:371:6; XIII-XIV,

11:247:63

Fries, Jakob Friedrich, 10:488:2391 Frobenius, F. G., 2:383:6, 6:339:1140,

9:363: 1954, 13:204:56 frustums, volume of, 2:416: 1 Fuchsian functions, 12:303:41 FuCik, Svatopluk, 8:225: 1688, 8:225: 1689 Fuller, R. Buckminster, 3:246:3 function concept, 1:374:2, 3:375:4, 4:123:99,

4:250:267, 6:105: 1035, 8:225: 1687; Con- dorcet, 2: 120:4

function spaces, 1:220:3 function theory, 9:364:1965, 10:251:2215;

Medvedev, F. A., 11: 119:75; Moscow school, 11:349:32; XIX, 9:364: 1963

functional analysis, 1:219:1. 1:219:3, 1:220:1, 1:220:2, 1:489:1, 2:402:3, 2:408:4, 51373~827, 6:102:996, 9:254:1872, 11:248:71, 11:352:63, l2:192:14; F. Riesz, l2:305:64

functional equation f(x + y) = f(x) + fly), X2:94:46

functions: almost periodic, 11:246:50; nonana- lytic infinitely differentiable, 11:243: 10; nowhere differentiable continuous, 4:244: 189; theory of, Netherlands, 6:341: 1172; see also analytic functions, zeta functions

Fundamenta mathematicae, 6: 105: 1040 fundamental theorem of algebra, 1:363:4,

1:484:1, l2:196:58 fundamental theorem of arithmetic, 2:378:8 fundamental theorem of calculus, 2:415: 1 Furstenberg, B., 4:485:438 fusee, 8:493: 1808 Fusoris, Jean, 12:92:7 Fuss, N., 4:245:203 Fuss, Nikolai Ivanovich, 3:373:6 Fuss family, 3: 13 1:4 fuzzy systems, bibliography, 4:497:598

Gagaev, Boris Mikhailovich, 9:125: 1820 Gage, Walter, 3:121:8 Gal’pem, Samarii Aleksandrovich, 6:476: 1262 Galician mathematics, 3:377:2 Galileo Galilei, 1:383:5, 1:496:6, 3:508:5,

12:197:69, l2:197:70, l2:306:74, l3:311:4; Brecht on, 3:250:1; computing device, 4:486:457; English translation of Two New Sciences, 1:482:2; free fall in, 3:132:6; heuristic, 1:353:2; impetus theory in, 2:380:5; and indivisibles, 4:123:96, 13:313:22; his kinematics, 9:363:1947;


mathematics and experiment in, 10:141:2164; and Mayr, 4:125:128; medieval mathematics. 7:466: 1523; and Mer- senne, 4:375:365; and origins of physics, 4:244: 184; parabolic trajectory in, 3: Il7:3: philosophical studies of, 2:385:2: and Pythagoras, 2: I l4:2; role of mathematics in, 1:243:2: and scientific methodology, 5:124:713; in Spanish, 12:94:36

Gallaccini, Teolilo, 9:367:2006 Galois, Evariste, 1: 117:4, 7:219:1391,

11:350:37, 12:306:78, 13:208:80 Galois theory, 6:344: 1213, 9:256: 1886,

13:90: 19; of differential equations, 3:246:6 Galton, Francis. 1:373:2, 4:484:428 Gamaleya, P. Y., 5:373:831 game theory, 2:406:6, 3: l32:2 games, 4~497~594: V-XIV, 2:408:7; see also

puzzles gamma function, 3: f 22:5, 3:37 I : I, 6:99:960,

7:463:1498, 9:366:1991, 10:137:2103 Garavito. J., 5:251:783 Garfield, James, 4: 120:5 I Gasco y Albert, Luis Gonzaga, 12:192:8 Gatlinburg symposia, 3:366:2 Gauss, C. F., 1:365:1, 10:140:2151, 11:113:9,

12:91: I ; and algebraic number theory, 2:237:4, 10:141:2165; and astronomy, 5:124:719, 5:374:840, 12:92:18; and Berlin, 10:378:2352; and Bessel, 3: 130:7; bibliography of, 4:371:299, 11:350:45; bicenten- nial of, 4:494:559; his biographer Dun- nington, 3:253:5; biography of, 4:497:592, 5: 116:624, 8:490: 1774, 11:243:8; and Boguslawski, 1:505:4; and British science, 6: 104: 1022; and ciphers, 4:372:317; and Rudolph Clausius, 3:384: I ; and complex products, 11:354:83; and cyclotomy, 12:94:43; and da Cunha. 7:467: 1539; differential geometry, 12:93:21, 12:97:75; his Disquisitiones Arithmeticue. 10:253:2248: divergence theorem, 6:224: 1082; eight queens problem, 5: 118:647, 5: I19:666; and fast Fourier transform, 13:314:40; gamma-function, 7:463: 1498; generalized inverses, 8:116:1616; and geodesy, 13:312:13; geomagnetism, 6:224: 1085, 12:91:4; as geometer. 5: Il8:646; and Goethe, 4:122:82, 4:371:300. 4:371:301; his historical role, 5: 124:716; and A. von Hum- boldt, 2~22714, 4:490:501, 5:125:732.

7:460: 1465, 8: 1 I I : 1550; and hypergeometric function, 13:313:25; ideals, 12:97:74; and infinity, 7:224: 1454; least squares, 1:249:2. 9:258:1912; and Legendre, 4:245:201; his letters, 4: 122:84, 10: f 38:2116; manuscripts of, 11:246:46; nature of space, 1:485:4; and Newton, 2:227:4; and non-Euclidean geometry, 1:247:3. 5:124:721, 5:247:75f, 12:91:2, 13:317:75; his notebook, 9:500:2046; number fields, 31257~2; number theory, 5:370:801; number theory and geometry, 5: 125:729; and Petersburg Academy. 4: 122:83, 4:245:203; puzzling entry in his journal, 6:344: 1214; quadratic reciprocity, 9:499:2021; regular polygons, 5: 124:720; his schoolbooks, 11:247:55; and statistics, 3:373:5, 5:374:841; summary of his work, 6:475: 1251; his survey of Hannover, 3:376:5; and symmetry, 5:376:866; his “Tagebuch”, 4:495:570, 13:91:25; and Tartu University, 6:224:1084; weighing, 12:397:37: his work from modern view, 9:125:1826

Gauss Gesellschaft, 3:376:4 Gauss sums, 4:124:110 Gaussian distribution, 9:258: 1911 Gelfand-Naimark theorems, 7:102: 1319 Gelfond, A. 0.. 6:100:972 Geminos, 4:242:162 general history, 2:403:2, 4:493:544, 6:341: 1167,

11:347:7, 13:316&t; ancient mathematics, 1:352: 1; Bourbaki, 2: 118:3; Cajori, 8: 112: 1555, 13:90:10; chronology, 8: 114:1589; cultural history, 2:396:4; J. M. Dubbey, 1:I 19:2; elementary mathematics, 7:224: 1447; European, 8: 115: 1602; M. Kline, 1: I 14: 1; Meschkowski, 8:383: 1755, 12: 197:68; philosophy of mathematics, 8:491:1783; popular, 1:503:3; D. J. Struik, 1:123:1, 13:319:92; Wilder, 9:127:1856; 1600, 7:219:1378; 1650, 10:138:2120; after 1650, 10:138:2121; V-XIV, 4:252:283, 4:372:311. 4:374:343; V-XIV, Euclid, 4:251:273; V-XIV, source materials, 4:485:437; V-XIVI, 2: 109:3: V-XIVI, manuscripts, 8: 115: 1597; V-XIVI, mathematics and philosophy, 3:256:5; XV. 2:420:5. 10:376:2328; XVII, 1:380:2, 4:487:460, 12: 196:63; XVII-XVIII, 8: 114: 1585; XVII-XIX, 6:222:1056;


XVIII-XIX, 13:3 16:54; to XIX, 2247: 1, 3:249:2; XIX, by Klein, 8:115:1600; XIX- XX, 6:474:1233; see also evolution of mathematics; reference materials; textbooks, in history of mathematics

general topology, 4:123:101, 8:490:1764 generalized inverses, bibliography, 4:493:540 generalized manifolds, 6:342: 1188 genetics, 2:414:1, 4:371:297, 41495~567; pop-

lation, 4:496:580 Gennadievic, Aleksandr, 1:240:3 geoboard, 8:223: 1673 geodesy, 12:93:33 geography, 11:348:8 geology, 10:486:2377, 13:94:61 geometrical mechanics, 13:320: 104 geometrical optics, 11:352:64 geometrical statics, 6:341:1163 geometry, 7:462:1483, 8:382:1753, 10:490:2418;

ancient, 10:490:2418, I2:397:45; ancient and V-XIV, 3: 118:4; ancient, proof methods, l2:397:43; carpentry, 1800, 10:486:2376; constructive, 10:376:2324, l2302: 16; education, 4:250:260; Euclid- ean and non-Euclidean, 5:376:868; foundations of, 4:124:121, 10:488:2391; Greek, 4:241:154; in Japanese (Wasan) mathematics, 3:376:2, 3:376:3; origin of, 1:379:4, 5:372:814; transformational, 1:351:1; transmission of Greek into Ara- bic, 10:376:2332; of vision, l2:399:78; X, 4:372:316; XI-XII, 4:372:321; XIV, 3:379:2; XVII, 4:374:341; XVIII, 9: 126: 1845; XIX, 3:380:7, 4:250:259; XIX-XX, 9:364:1963; see also differential geometry; enumerative geometry; Euclid- ean geometry; non-Euclidean geometries; projective geometry

Gerard of Cremona, 2:235:3, 3:245:5 Gerardi, Paolo, 10:143:2194 Gerbert of Aurillac, 4:371:306, 11:348:19,

l2:93:31 Gergonne, J. D., 1:506:1, 2:116:3, 3:380:6,

3~502~7 Gericke, Helmuth, 12: 193:28 Germain, Sophie, 8:222: 1659 German Democratic Republic, 3:383:5; Mathe-

matical Society of, 9: 127: 1849 German mathematics: algebra XIV-XVII,

12:399:65; calculation teaching, l2:399:68; Gottingen, l2:398:58; National Socialism, 12: 197:67; neohumanism, 11:247:61;

societies, l2:398:52; V-XIV, 1~49712; XV-XVI, 1:385:3; XVIII, 10:139:2126; XVIII-XIX, 8:383: 1754; xx, 4:373:331, 4:490:500; see also Prussian mathematics

Gerver, J., 5:375:859, 6:345:1227 Getaldic, Marino, 8:227:1713, 12:93:28 Ghetaldus, see Getaldic, Marino Ghiberti, Buonaccorso, 12:92:8 Gibbs, J. W., 2:226:8, 10:140:2141,

10:486:2366; and divergence theorem, 6:224:1082

Gibbs phenomenon, 1:224:2, 2: 116:6 Gill, Charles, 13:92:34 Gill, S., 7:218:1374 Girard, Albert, 4:490:496 Girgenson, Theodore, 2:238:4 gnomon, 1:495:3 Godel, Kurt, 5:490:900, 6:102:991, 6:478:1291,

7~22411453, 9:256:1890, 9:367:2003, 9:504:2093, 10:140:2157, 12:395:20, 13:314:32, 13:316:53; correspondence with Zermelo, l2:302:22; and Leibniz’s infinitesimal notation, 12:93:25

Godfrey, Charles, 8:224:1678 Goethe, J. W., 4:122:82, 4:371:300, 4:371:301,

6:474:1240, 10:141:2160, 13:317:70; and Quetelet, I2:396:29

Golay codes, I.2: 19990 Goldbach, Christian, 10:490:2423; and Euler,

L., 71223: 1434 golden section, 5: 121:682, 6:227:1124 Goldstine, H. H., 7:102:1314, 7:103:1329 Gonseth, F., obituary, 4:486:447 Good, I. J., 7:103:1327 Gori, Dionigi, 10:374:2310 Gosset, W. S., 8:223:1669 Gottingen mathematics, l2:398:58 Grammateus, Heinrich, 4: 126: 143 graph paper, 8:222: 1658 graph theoretic methods, 4:376:367 graph theory, 3:121:5, 3:257:4, 3~37418,

4:116:2 graphs, 13:315:50 Grassmann, Hermann G., 1:380:4, 4:373:333,

8:112:1566, 8:491:1786, 9:125:1817, 9:125:1824, 9:365:1971, 9:499:2020, 10:254:2260, 10:486:2366

Grassmann, Justus, 8:382: 1752 Grassmann, Robert, 9:256:1891 Grattan-Guinness, I., 6:340:1154 Graunt, John, 4:372:319 Graves mathematical collection, 4:245: 192

96 SUBJECT INDEX VOL. 1-13 HM 14

gravitation, 35068, 10:490:2419, 13895 Great Britain. see British mathematics Greek mathematics, 1:484:4, 2:400:8,

5:370:800, 513771879, 6:102:989, 6:228:1131,10:254:2254,10:488:2400, 11:350:44, 11:351:54, 12:97:72, 13:319:101; algebra, 4:250:268, 4:250:269; analysis in, 11: 117:46; applied, 2: I I l:4; and architecture, 6:474: 1235; arithmetic, 2:238:2, 3:502:2; and astronomy, 4:493:536, 13:93:50; axiomatics, 4:371:297, 12:303:35, 12:397:41; beginnings of, 9:258:1915; bibliography of, 9:257: 1901; cyclotomy, 4:377:381; De isoperimetris. 10: 137:21 I I; dictionary of, 2:234:3; dimension, 1:369:2; duplication and trisection, 10:250:2206; equivalence by decom- position, 2:407: I : and Geminos, 4:242:162; and geography, 3:364:4, 4: 122:91; geometric algebra, 4: 124: 119; geometry, 4:241: 154, 4:248:233, 4:249:249, 4:249:254,4:377:382,6:478:1284. 11:353:81; gnomon, 1:495:3; and logic, 2:391:3. 2:391:4; and logistic, 2:411:4; notation, 11:l l5:29; number theory, 6:476:1252; numeration, 2:1 l9:2; numerical methods, 1:357:3, 11:353:77; and planetary tables, 11:354:84; point in, 11:249:81, 11:353:82; probability, 2:4l l:3; ratio, 8:113: 1577: rationality, 3:257:6; source materials in, 3: I l4:7; survey of recent work, 12: 192: IO; Szabo on, 8: 112: 1558; see also golden section

Greek technology, 2:380:3 Green’s function, 13:90: I I Green’s theorem, 3: I l9:3, 6:477: 1275 Greenwich Observatory, 4:488:479 Greenwood, Isaac, 13:316:56 Gregory, James, 10:489:2410, 11:118:62,

11:118:68 Gregory series, 2:406:3 Gregory St. Vincent, 11:350:43 Grintsevichyus, K. I., obituary, 2:304:4 Grisogono, Federic, 3: I l4:5, 3: l17:5,

3:118:1 Gronwall, T. H., 6:342:1191 Groot, Johannes de, 1:230:4, 1:233:4 Grothendieck, A., 6:227:1 I13 group characters, 2:383:6, 6:339:1140 group representation, 2:240:3, 4:117:21,

11:244:21; theory, 1:118:5, 1:491:2, 1:509:3, 2: 110:2; unitary, 9:365: 1972

group theory, 13:94:68; applications in physics, 1:367:5; combinatorial, 10:250:2207

groups: Abelian, 11: ll5:31, l3:92:36, 13:92:48; finite Abelian, V-XIV, 3:380:9; finite nonsimple, 4: 124: I 1 I ; finite simple, 4:498:613, 7:223:1440; P, 4:485:432; simple, 10:251:2225, 12:199:90: see also semigroups

Gruhl, Karl Emil, 12:307:83 Guldino, P., 11: ll8:68 Gunther, Robert T.. 2:252: I gyroscopes, 2:396:5

Haag, J., 13:313:21 Haan, David Bierens de, 6:341: II74 Hadamard, Jacques, 3:257:7, 4:243:170,

4:248:240, 11:248:72, l2:305:60 Hahn-Banach theorem, 3:119:2 Hahn-Mazurkiewicz theorem, 5:490:898 Hajek, Jaroslav, 3:254:2, 3:384: 11 Hall, Philip, 13:207:72 Halley, Edmund, 6:228:1130 Halmos, Paul R., l3:91:31 Halphen, E., 2:120:5 Halsted, George Bruce, 2:406:5, 3:371:1 I,

4:117:14 Hamel, G., l2:94:46 Hamilton, William Rowan, 1:362:6, 1:496:5,

1:502: 1,3: 121:7, 4:373:326, 4:484:430, 4:495:569, 6:343:1203; and algebra, 6:226: 1108, 6:477:1270, l2:94:39, l2:305:67; biography of, 8:224: 1676, l2:96:61; and Coleridge, 6:344:1218; intuition in, 6:226: 1107; and K. Jacobi, 10:487:2379; and Kant, 9:504:2094; and Peacock, 9:362: 193 I ; quatemions, 5:126:734; vector analysis, 10:486:2366

Hamilton-Cayley theorem, 5:372:819 Hammerstein, E. C., 9:504:2097 Hamming, Richard W., l2:199:90 Hampl, Miloslav, 3:381:9 Hankel, H., 10:376:2331 Hardy, G. H., 8:491:1782, 9:362:1935,

10:137:2103,10:378:2349,10:486:2373, 10:486:2374, l2:304:45; correspondence with J. E. Littlewood, l3:199:18; manuscripts of, 13: 199: 19, l3:199:20

Haret, Spiru, 3:376:7 harmonic analysis, 1:219:4, 3:l l3:7,

6:339:1141, 8:116:1609, 11:245:37, 11:351:46; non-commutative, 7:220:1397


Harriot, Thomas, 2:225:7, 2:413:2, 4:251:270, 4:494:560, 7:221:1417, 8:117:1627

Hartshome, R., 7:460:1460 Hartwig, Heinrich, 9:501:2063 Harvard University, 7:218: 1371,

13:316:56 Harward, A. E., 4:249:252 Hasse, Helmut, 3:371:10, 7:223: 1438 Hauber, C. F., 5:123:700 Hausdorff, Felix, 2:417:4, 8: 116: 1610 Havelock, Thomas Henry, 13:206:70 Heaviside, Oliver, 1:252:2, 10:140:2154; and

divergence theorem, 6:224: 1082 Hebrew mathematics, 1:228:4, 2:116:7,

8~492: 1799 Hedrick, E. R., 8:380:1725 Hegel, G. W. F., 4:119:41, 10:255:2276 Heilbronn, Hans A., 13:200:23; obituary,

3: 126:7 Heine, E., l2:302:29 Heisenberg models, 5: 119:658 Heliinger, Ernst, 6:340:1155, 8:116:1620 Helly, Eduard, 7:102:1317, 8:115:1594 Hemsterhuis, Frans, 13:317:70 Henry, Joseph, 1:233:6 heptagon, 1: 123:4; regular, 6:228: 1128 Herbart, J. F., 5~250~773, 10:255:2272; and

Riemann, l2:399:69 Herbrand, Jacques, 1:251:1 Hermann the Dalmation, 4:371:303 Hermelink, Heinrich, 6:478: 1287 Hermite, Charles, 6:225:1090, 10:141:2169,

10:251:2218, 10:254:2258, 11:245:40 Heron of Alexandria (also Hero), 2: 125:2,

8:113:1573, 10:143:2191,11:348:11 Hessen, Boris M., 6:476:1253 Heyting, Arend, 9: 127: 1852, l2:307:92; bibli-

ography of, 9: 125: 1827 Hilbert, David, 1:229:5, 1:231:1, 1:369:4,

2:416:4, 3:363:4, 4:498:602, 5:376:861, 6:102:991, 6:228:1133, 6:340:1155, 8:227:1716; and E. Artin, U:92:12; criti- cal edition of, 1:250:2; and Einstein, 7:466:1531, 11:249:82; and G. Frege, 13:312:10; his influence, l2:197:73; and invariants, 3:380:3; and F. Klein, 13:313:29; and Minkowski, 4~2471227; and E. Noether, 13:208:85; and Pasch, 4:124:121

Hilbert paradigm in Spain, 12: 194:43 Hilbert problems, 4:244:178; 2, l2:192:15; 3,

2:386:5,13:93:52; 10,8:226:1701; 13,

9:500:2048; 21, 3:253:4; Spanish translation of, 12: 19440

Hilbert space, 8:228: 1720 Hilbert theorem, 4: 123: 107 Hill, George W., 5: 121:678, 10:254:2263 Hilton, Harold, see Simpson, Harold Hindu mathematics, see Indian mathematics Hinton, Charles H., 11:245:39, lZ:304:49 Hippocrates, 2: 114:3 Hirst, Thomas Archer, 1:353:5 Historia Mathematics, 2:226:4, 4~247~230 historians of mathematics, directory, 2:419:1;

in Great Britain, XVIII, 3:506:9 historical sciences, mathematics in, 3:365:5 historiography, 2:226:7,2:401:2, 10:488:2398,

11: 117:49, l2:395: 14; attribution of results, 2:378:7; citation indexes, 51247~744; collected works concept, 4:248:240; concept of progress, 3: 112:4; cultural forces, 1:223:4; discovery in mathematics, 4:491:516; duplicative work in history of mathematics, 7: 102: 1311; epistemological models, 8:225: 1697; evolution of mathematics, 3: 116: 1; fusion of theories, 3:113:5, 3:113:8; growth laws, 9: 126:1843; historians and mathematicians, 3: 112:2; historical standards, 3:112:3; historical time, 2:399:7; history of, 11:353:70; and history of education, 4:378:396; and history of lattice theory, 7:105:1349; and Kuhn, 1:118:2, 4:249:250; by Lakatos, 13:316:55; laws, 1:361:2, 2:378:5, 3: 112:6; mathematics as cultural system, 10:490:2415; neglect of history of mathematics, 4:248:236; oral communica- tion, 3: 112:5; paradigms in mathematics, 5:371:809; prediction, 1:501:5; of prehistory of probability, 4:251:274; priority, 3:lll:l; progress, 3:114:3, 4:121:65, 4:485:441; quantitative methods, 2:106:2, 2:246: 1, 4: 126: 145; quantum mechanics, 4:495:564; rationality, 4:495:562; recon- struction, U:400:80; research methodology, 12:306:75; and Sarton, 1:384:1; of science, 1:239:1; studies in U.S.S.R., 51247~746

history of mathematics, study of, 11: 114: 15 History of Science Society, 1980, 8:493:1811 Hobbes, Thomas, 2:230:2, 11:248:66 HoEevar, Franc, 6:99:954 Hodge, W. V. D., 4:489:492, 4:496:575,

4~497~589, 13:196:2


Hofmann, Joseph Ehrenfried, 2:378:2. 2:378:3: biography, 3:255:8, 3:384:3

Hoggatt. Vemer E., Jr., 8:222: 1655 holomorphy, 1:357:4 Holt, D. C., 13:311:1 Holzer, L.. 4:121:72 homo!ogy numbers, 6:342: 1178 Hone-Wronski. J., see Wronski, J. M. H. Hopf, Heinz, 1:240:5, 4: 123: 106, 13:203:45 Hopper, Grace, 3:248:6 Horak, Z. F., 4:126: 144 Hotelling, Harold, 6:343: 1197 Houel, G. J., l&139:2132, 12:95:57 Hoyer. Paul Heinrich August, 12:94:44 Hsu, Pao-Lu, 6:343:1198 Hudson, Hilda Phoebe. 13:207:76 Humboldt, Alexander von, 2:416:2, 3:130:3,

4:490:501, 7:103:1321, 7:460:1465, 8:111:1550, 10:374:2303, 12:92:15, l2:92: 16

Hume, D., 7:464:1503 Hungarian mathematics, 3: 111:4, 12:93:27;

before 1830, 2:395:2 Huntington, E. V., 13:318:80 Hurwitz, Adolf, 2:422:4 Husserl, Edmund, 1:240:2, 1:504:4, 6:223:1062 Huygens, Christian, 2:417:3, 10:486:2369,

11:114:23, 13:316:62; his contributions to mathematics, 7: 103: 1325; and cycloidal pendulum, 4:121:75; and J. H. Lambert, 8: 114: 1582; and Leibniz, 7:460: 1466; and logarithms, 7:102:1315; in Netherlands, 7:466: 1526; and probability, 8: 114:1579. 11:117:59; source material on, l2:305:57; his tractrix, 6:101:975

hypercomplex numbers, 2:240:3 hypergeometric function, 13:313:25

iatromathematicians, XVI-XVII, 2: 121:3 iatromathematics, 1:363:3, 8:493: 1814 Ibero-American mathematics, 7:219: 1377 icosahedra, 10:250:2210 ideal numbers, 10:254:2257 ideal theory, 5:490:897, 8:381:1738 ideals, 11:248:73, 13:201:32 Immser, Philip, 4:378:398 impact, theory of, 4:251:270 impetus theory, 2:380:5 implicit function theorem, 5:373:829 incommensurability, 1:380: 1, 4:249:249,

6:345:1226, 10:141:2159 increments, method of, 13:313:28

indecomposable continua. 1:490:4 indeterminant forms, Hindu mathematics,

8:117:1622 indeterminate analysis, 10:141:2171 indeterminate equations, 6:341: 1162 indexes: American Mathematical Society,

2:242:1; Arithmetic Teacher. 2:384:1; biographical, 4: 116:5; Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 4~375~356

Indian. American, 1:224: 1, 6:344: 1211 Indian mathematics, 1:250:4, 1:496:3. 1:502:3,

2:378:6. 3:506:6, 6:223: 1064, 12:400:82. 13:320:102; abroad to 10th century, 10:252:2231; and Arabic, 5:489:887; Ary- abhata. 7:104:1330; and astronomy. 2:247:2, 3:120:2, 3:367:5; bibliographies of, 2:252:2, 2:415:2; bibliography of San- skrit works, 10:252:2229; and Brahma- gupta, 2:227:2; census of source material, 3:381:5; circular arc length, 2:413:3; circular functions, 4: 126: 148; combinatorics, 10: 139:2140; epicyclic theory, 2:397:6; geometry, 11:348: 12; Gregory series, 2:406:3; historical theory, 3:366:8; history conference, 13:314:36; history of mathematics in education, 10:255:2278; history society, 4:376:371; and infinity, 9:500:2045; Jyotpatti, 10:375:2317; Kerala, V-XIV, 5:377:872; manuaIs, l2:96:67; Mithila, 10:252:2238; Persian, 10:250:2198; quadrilaterals, 3:363:7; series, 11: 116:43; sine function in, 4:126:147, 7:104:1333, 7:104:1334, 7: 104: 1335, 7: 104: 1336; sources for, 2:248:2; and Spain, 101252~2227; Sulba- Sutra. 3:506:5; surface area, 1:226:3; Taylor series, 1:484:3; texts, 5:247:748; Trilokasara, 6: 102995; weights and measures, 10~25512279; zero, 4:488:474; V, trigonometry, 3:363:6; V-XIV, 9:362:1927, 10:137:2105, 11:247:62; V- XV, 5: 116:625; VIII, 9:256: 1889; IX, 3:363:5; X, l&255:2266; XI, 12:307:87; XII, l2:197:76; XIV. 7:223:1441, 10:255:2277; XIV-XIX, 10:373:2288; XV, 1:377:5; XV-XVIII, 10:137:2104; see also Jaina mathematics; Vedic mathematics

Indian Society for the History of mathematics, 8:493: 1803

Indiana state legislature, 5: 126:737, 7:220: 1398 indivisibility and Epicurus, 10: 141:2170 indivisibles, 13:311:3, 13:313:22; and continu-


ity, XIV, 11:248:74; in Galileo, 4: 123:96; XVII, 4:246:207

induction, mathematical, 1:245:1, 1:490:2 inductive reasoning, 5~248~752 Indus civilization, 10: 140:2150 infinite descent, method of, 6: 100:965,

8226: 1706 infinite and finite, 13:316:61 infinitesimal analysis: Da Cunha, 7: 107: 1362;

methods, V-XIV, 4:374:343; in Spain, XVIII, 3:505:7

infinitesimals, 2:383:2, 3:245:8, 4:372:308, 4:374:340; and infinite numbers, 3:371:4; and limits, 3:248:1; in optics, 3:379:5; in Newton, 8: 116: 1607

infinity, 2:398:1, 5:123:711, 9:257:1908, 10:379:2358, 10:488:2400, 13:315:46; in antiquity, 11:246:43; in Indian mathematics, 9:500:2045; in mathematics, 9:499:2033; popular account, 3:380: 1 I; XV, 5: 122:698

information retrieval, 5: 116:623 information systems, 2:412:2; in Eastern

Europe, 1:245:4 information theory, 2:120:5, 2:402:6; and

optics, 3:503: 11; source materials, 3:500:6 Ingham, Albert Edward, W:198:13 Institute for Mathematics and its Applications,

2:111:5 Institute for Numerical Analysis, 8:115: 1596 instruments, 2:238:4, 2:252:1, 2:404:3, 2:414:4,

2:421:4, 3:363:2, 3:370: 1, 4: 118:34, 4:486:457; astronomical, 2:409: 1; Roman, 9:502:2075; of M. Van Marum, 3:504:2; to XVIII, 1:244:4; XVII, 1:356:1, 4:126:146; XVII-XVIII, 1:248:3; XX, 1:124:1; see also astrolabes; balance; calculating machines; computers; counting board: slide rules; sundials

insurance, 3:501:1, 3:501:2, 9:363:1951; XIX, 8:382:1743

integers, generalized, 6:227: 1122 integral equations, 1:362:4, 5:372:816; linear,

1:489: 1 integral geometry, 9:366:1992 integral symbol, 10:377:2345 integrals: asymptotic evaluations, 4:489:491;

multiple, 13:92:39 integration, 1:122:3, 1:230:2, 1:485:3, 1:491:1,

11:116:42, l2:195:51, l2:306:72, 13:90:11; automatic, 4:497:597; theory, 3:365:1; XVII, 2: 108:2

intelligibility, in XVII, 12: 196:63 interest, compound, 9:365: 1970 intermediate value theorem, l2:302:29 International Commission on the History of

Mathematics, l2:399:72 International Congress of Mathematicians

1974, 3:505:4; 1978, 8: 111: 1552, 8:115:1605

International Mathematical Union, 4: 116:8 interpolation, 5:372:815, 10:255:2274,

l2:304:44 interpolation series, 6:99:959, 6:340:1153;

Laplace, 7:462: 1481 intuition, mathematical, 10: 140:2157 intuitionism, 5:490:896, 9: 127: 1852,

9:254:1867; and Heyting, Arend, l2:307:92; see also Brouwer

intuitionist logic, 5:372:817 intuitionists, 9:367:2004 invariant subspace problem, 1:490:5 invariant theory and Hilbert, 3:380:3 Irish mathematics, XIX, l2: 196:62 irrational lines, Euclid, 10:488:2399 irrationals, to XVII, 3:374:6 Islamic astronomical tables, 6:479: 1307 Islamic mathematics, 4:490:506, 6:479:1304,

9:127:1860, 10:142:2186, K&195:47; multi- plication tables, V-XIV, 7:220:1406; V- XIV, 1:484:5; see also Arab mathematics

isoperimetric figures, 10:250:2205 Istoriko-Matematicheskie Issledovaniya,

1:219:2 Italian mathematics, 11: 113: 13; algebra, XVI,

l2:399:74; algebra, XIX, 7:218:1368; compared with French, X, 11:243: 12; XIII-XIV, 2:397:1; XIV-XVII, 3:382:10, 8:491:1787; XVI, 2:234:5, 2:400:2; XIX, 9:362: 1933, 11: 113: 12; see also Padua; Palermo Mathematical Society; Sicilian mathematics; Tuscan mathematical schools

Itard, Jean, l2:302:17

Jackson, F. H., 10:137:2101 Jacobi, C. G. J., 1:247:5, 4:124:109,

6:341:1175, 10:487:2379 Jacotin, Marie-Louise Dubreil-, 1: 117:3 Jade Mirror, 6:227:1116, 6:228:1129,

9:499:2020 Jahn, Hermann Arthur, 13:204:54 Jaina cosmography, 3:126:6


Jaina mathematics, 2:251:3, 3:367:3, 3:367:4, 10:252:2236, 12:300:1; contributions from. 6:225:1094; Dhavala texts, 6:225: 1093: formulas for arc, 7: 104: 1332; karma system, 4: 126: 137; meeting on, 2:226:6; principle of relativity in, 4: 126: 138; research in, 6:225:1095; and set theory, 2:401:1; system theory in, 6:223:1067, 10:140:2145

Jainacaryas, 10:252:2235 Jamnitzer, Wentzel, l2:396:27 Japanese computers, 5: 115:620, 5: 115621 Japanese mathematics, 3:384: 10, 3:502: 10,

4:493:542, 6:345:1231, 10:375:2313, 11:116:41, 13:313:26, l3:315:43; abacus, 2:251:4, 2:408: 1; ballistics, 2: 103:2; bibliographies of, 2: 104:3; and European, W:316:60, 13:320:103; geometry, 3:376:2, 3:376:3; growth of, 4:250:262; historians of, 2:103:3; and Moko Kitagawa, 3:257:3; and Leiden, Sakoku period, 6:104:1024; magic squares in, 11:243: 1; post-Meiji, 2: 103: 1; pre-wasan, 13:317:66; social history, 9:502:2065; wasan, 13:319:89; XVII, 10:253:2246; XIX-XX, 6:345: 1230; XX, 6:345: 1229

Jaskowski, Stani&‘aw, 4:497:585, 4:497:586

Jefferson, Thomas, 5: 120:676 Jeffery, Ralph L., 5:251:787 Jesuits, 5:124:714, 13:318:77; in Germany,

10:139:2126 Jevons, William Stanley, 13:318:81 Johns Hopkins University, 4:377:391 Johnson, W. E.. 13:313:21 Jones, F. Burton, 4:245:194 Jordan, Camille, 4:376:369, 10: 139:2132,

11:245:31, 12:301:12 Jordan algebras, 5:491:906 Jordan curve theorem, 1:508:2 Jordanus Nemorarius, 2:235:3, 6:341:1163,

9:256: 1888 Josephus Problem, 4: 123: 103 Jourdain, Philip E. B., 1:353:7, 1:381:5,

5248~754 Journal des Savants, 2~395~6 journals, 1:244:4, 2:124:3, 3:131:3, 4:249:251,

9:127:1854; French, 2:395:6; in probability, 11:349:23; XIX, l2:95:57; see also under name of journal

Julia, Gaston, 8:382:1744 Jungius, Joachim, 4:118:32, l2:95:54

Kac, Mark, 13:315:49 Kamil, abu, 2:10.5:2, 10:488:2394 Kant, I., 2:413:5, 6:103:1016, 8:225:1697,

9:504:2094, 10:141:2168, 13:89:1; Couturat on, 13:313:19; and relativity theory, 9:2.55:1879

Kaplanov, M. G., 7:466:1533 karani, 6:474:1232 Karpinski, Louis Charles, 4:248:245 Kastner, A. G., 4:374:342 Kats, G. I., 8:222:1654 Kayser, Hans, 4:248:243 Kazan University, 9: 125: 1819 Keferstein, 7:106:1354 Keldysh, Mstislav Vsevolodovich, 7:460:1459 Kepler, Johannes, 1:496:6, 3: 129: 1, 4:496:573,

5:248:756, 8: 113: 1574, 9:254: 1864; and J. Biirgi, 3137213; his Cosmographicum, 8:493:1816; and Leibniz, 8:115:1595; and Newton, 1:484:7; and Pappus-Guldino theorem, 11: 118:68

Kepler’s equation, 12:92:9 Kestelman, Hyman, 13:204:55 Khayyam, see Omar Khayyam Killing, Wilhelm, 8:493: 1806, 9:363: 1954,

11:245:38 Kilvington, Richard, 11:248:74 kinematics, 2:418:5, 4:488:469 Kirch, Gottfried, 4: 122:85 Kirik Novgorodets, 1:221:7, 1:221:8 Kirkman. T. P., 13:197:9 Kitagawa, Moko, 3:257:3 Klee, Victor, 4:246:206 Kleene, S. C., 3:119:6 Klein, Felix, 11:113:7, 11:247:61, 11:349:32,

l2:96:66, 13:93:48, 13:94:62, 13:317:75, 13:320: 104; biography of, 12: 193:30; and Breslau education commission, 9:127: 1850; collected papers of, 1:495:1; and conformal invariance, 2: 121: 1; his Erlangen program, 1:221:5, 2:386:2, 2:386:3, 5:376:862, 11:117:55, lZ:l94:37, 12: 194:38, 13:90: 17; “Erlanger Antritts- rede”, 12:398:&t; and group theory, 10:251:2225; and D. Hilbert, 13:313:29; his history book, 8: 115: 1600; and Italian school, 10: 141:2166; and Johns Hopkins, 5:375:858; and M. S. Lie, 6:104:1029; photo of, 8: 111: 1544; and scientific organization, 10:379:2359; on space and motion, 10:254:2260

Kline, Morris, 5:376:867


Knaster. B., 1:490:4, 6:342:1187, 8:490:1769 Kneser, Adolf, 8:227:1710 Kneser, Helmuth, 3:507:9 Knichal, Vladimir, 3:371:2 Kober. Hermann, 13:201:36 Kochariski, Adam A., 11: 11751, 12:304:47,

13:94:67 Kochina, Pelageya Yakovlevna, 2:231:2 Koenig, G. J., 10:489:2405 Kohn, J. J., 7:460: 1460 Kolmogorov. A. N., 11: I19:74 Komensky, Jan Amos, 2:389:3, 2:394:2 Kondrashov, V. I., 3:370:6 Korean mathematics, 3:367:7 Korselt, Alwin, l3:312:10 Kortewegde Vries equation, 6:341: 1173 Kovalevskaya, Sophia V., 3:369:4, 4:486:452,

5:119:661, 5:251:782, 6:475:1244, 9:502:2072,10:488:2395,12:193:21, 12:195:50

Krafft, G. W., 1:363:1 Krakow University, XV, 3:374:3 Kramp, C., 4~489~487 Kravchuk. M. P., 3~377~4, 4:488:478 Kretkowski, W., 13:93:52 Krieger-Donaj, Cecelia, 2:380:4 Kronecker, Leopold, 4: 124: 109, 6:224: 1080,

8:111:1544, 11:244:24,11:354:83 Kronecker product, 11: 116:37, 12: 194:39 Kruger, Louis, 11:347: 1 Krull, Wolfgang, 10:377:2341 Kuhn, Thomas S., 4:249:250, 4:497:595 Kummer, E. E., 4:376:379, 5:377:874,

5:491:910, 10:254:2257, 11:248:73: collected papers, 3:507:2

Kuratowski, K., 6: 105: 1040, 7:463: 1496, 9:364:1965, 9:500:2041, 9:501:2055

Kuratowski theorem, 13:315:50 Kurosh, Aleksandr G., 3:247:2

Lacroix, S. F., 2:389:4, 9:364:1958, 10:251:2214

Ladd-Franklin, Christine, 4:377:391 Ladies’ Diary, 5: 121:683, 6:225:1088 Lagrange, J. L., 3:382:5, 4:123:98, 5:116:629,

5:119:664,6:99:957, 7:219:1385, 8:492: 1800, 11:245:28, 12:303:33; bibliography of, 7: 106: 1358; and Dzlambre, l2:303:39

Laguerre, E., 2:398:7 Laguerre inversion, 1:241: 1

Lakatos, I., 3:508:6, 4:494:561, 6:345: 1228, 7:220:1402, 12:306:75

Lam Lay-Yong, 9: 127: 1858 Lamb, Horace, 9:364:1966 lambda calculus, 12:398:63 Lambert, J. H., 2:232:3, 5:250:776,

7:467:1534, 8:114:1582, 8:117:1633, 9:504:2095, 11: 116:40, 11:246:47, 11:246:48, 11:350:38; and Euler, 11:249:84, 12: 192: 11, 13:312:8; and Pe- tersburg Academy, 11:245:33; and probability theory, 12:198:85

Lame’s equation, 7:460:1461 Lanchester, F. W., 5:250:767 Lanczos, Cornelius, 4:490:497 Landau, Edmund, 5:122:688. lZ:92:12 Landen transformation, 8:221:1640 language, science as, 8:382:1748 language and mathematics, 10:254:2262,

13:93:51 language of mathematics, 9:502:2068,

l2:397:40 Laplace, P. S., 1:372:6, 1:497:1, 2:120:1,

3:384:8, 4:251:275, 5:376:863, 6:100:967, 6:345:1220, 7:462:1481,8:492:1798, 11:348: 14; and Bayes’s theorem, 11:243: 14; correspondence of, 10:139:2137; and probability, 3:364:2

Laplace transform, 3:381:1, 7:462:1480, 9:254:1871,9:499:2020,11: ll4:18, 11:244:15

Lappo-Danilevskii, I. A., 1:492:3 Laptev, G. F., 31379~7 large numbers, law of, 2: lO7:4 Latin American mathematics, 12: 192:9; in

colonial times, 12: 193:27 lattice theory, 4:374:336, 6:474:1239,

7:105:1349 Lavenham, Richard, 2:l JO:3 Lavrentev, M. A., 3:376:8 least squares, 1:249:2; and Gauss, 9:258:1912;

in Russia (pre-revolutionary), 9~499~2020

Lebesgue, H. L., 1:369:1, 2:228:5, 3:503:12, 5:121:686, 5:372:823, lZ:95:55; collected works of, 1:241:3; and M. Frechet, 11:353:74

“Lecture Notes in Mathematics,” 4:375:356 Lee, Robert E., 5:121:679 Lefschetz, Solomon, 1:369:3, l3:203:47 Legendre, A. M., 1:510:4, 4:494:556,

8:382:1745, 8:492:1798, 10:486:2371,


11:352:65; and Gauss, 4:245:201; and least squares, 1:249:2

Lehmus, C. L., 2:115:1 Leibniz, G. W.. 1:380:4, 1:497:3, 3:131:4.

11:244:23; and algebraic equations, 2:230:4; arithmetic and algebra, introduction to, 4: 1 l&25; and Bernoulli lemniscate, 3:246:4; biography of, 3:507:4. 4:242:165, 13:89:2; and Bombelli, 1:382: 1; and British mathematicians, 7:462: 1486: calculation with 1 and 0, 10:377:2337; and calculus, 1:509: 1, 2:389:1; calculus situs in, 9: 125: 1824; and China, 9:503:2083; and Christian Wolff, 3: 122:2; and Clark, 9: 126: 1838; combinatorics in, 2: 116:2, 7: 105: 1345; conference on, 4:373:334; correspondence of, 4: 117:24; and determinants, 2~387~4, 2:418:2, 4~374~337, 7:463:1494; and dyadics, 4:251:276, 8:115:1604; and dynamics, 2:234:1, 9:498:2014; and finite element method, 8:118:1636; and geometry, 12:193:25; and C. Goldbach, 10:490:2423; and H. G. Grassmann, 8:491: 1786; historical time, 4:119:42; and Huygens, 7:460: 1466; infinite series in, 7: 105: 1344; infinitesimals in, 4:374:340, 6:103:1015, l2:93:25; integration, 6: 101:974; and KPstner, 4:374:342; and Kepler, 8: 115: 1595; and Kochariski, 12:304:47; lattice theory, 4:374:336; logarithms of negative numbers, 4:374:339; logic, 5:123:699, 6:345:1224, 7:464:1499; manuscripts of, 7:463:1492, 7:463:1493; metaphysics and mathematics, 9:503:2089; and Newton, 1:381:1, 2:388:2, 2:405:5, 4:121:76, 6:224: 1070, 6:228:1134, 7:467: 1537. 7:467: 1538, 8: 114: 1591; and nonstandard number systems, 3:373:4; in Paris, 7:462:1488; and partitions, 1:358:5; and Pascal, 7:464:1509; and C. S. Peirce. 2:239: 1; physics and metaphysics, l2:397:47; and probability theory, 10:255:2271; projective geometry in, 7:466:1527; register of writings, 5:248:758; and Royal Academy, 7:465: 1520; and Royal Society, 7:462:1487; series in, 7:461:1470; symmetric functions in, 1:379:2; system concept, 91502~2073; and Tschimhaus, 4:374:338; universal charac- teristic in, 10:374:2304; works, 6:223: 1058, 6:223:1059

Leiden, to XVII, 2:401:6 Leimanis, Eizens Eugene, 2:377:5 lemniscate of Bernoulli, 3:246:4 Lenin and mathematics education, 13:89:6 Leningrad, 9:365:1969; University, to XIX,

2:125:3 Leon the mathematician, 10: 137:2102 Leonardo da Vinci, 6:103:1011, 12:303:31,

l2:396:26 Leonardo of Pisa, see Fibonacci LeSniewski, S., 5:490:894, 5:490:895,

5:493:937 Levi, Beppo, 6:225: 1089 Levi ben Gerson, 2: 116:7, 12:396:30 Levi-Civita, T., 4:484:426, 6:225: 1096 L&y, Paul, 13:208:82 lexicons, see dictionaries of mathematics L’Huilier, S. A. J., 4:245:195 L’Huilier’s problem, l2:302:21 libraries, 4:245: 192; see n/so archives; manu-

scripts Lichnerowicz, A. L., 4:243:174 Lichtenberg, G. C., 1:375:4 Lichtenstein, Leon, 9:362: 1930, 9:366: 1987,

9:366: 1988 Lie, Marius Sophus, 2:398:7, 3:246:7,

4:484:427, 6:104:1029, 7:461:1473 Lie algebras, 3:246:6, 8:493:1806, 11:245:38,

11:348:13 Lie groups, 2:240:3, 3~24616, 7:218:1367,

8:lll: 1551, 10:373:2296, 11:248:67 Lietzmann, W., l2:397:38 Lievano, Indalecio, 4:246:218 limit, 3:245:8. 7:461:1475 Lincoln, Abraham, 5: 121:677 Lindeberg, J. W., 13:90:20 linear algebra, 1:234: 1, 2:232:4 linear differential equations, 6:99:961,

11:244:18, l2:197:71 linear operators, 6~341: 1160 linear second order differential equations,

4:376:366 Linfoot, Edward Hubert, 13: 197:5 linguistics, 2:398:6, 2:400:6, 4:118:26; XVII,

3~25612 linkages, 3:373:10 Linnik, Yurii Vladimirovich, 1:124:4, 2:236:1 Liouville, Joseph, 10:253:2245, l2:95:57,

12: 196:61 Lipschitz, R. 0. S., 12~95~57; and Dedekind,

7:106:1355, 8:117:1621 literature, mathematics and, 1:235:3


Littlewood, Dudley Ernest, 13:205&l Littlewood, J. E., 3:372:4, 5:375:857,

5:493:933, 9~254~1870, 10:486:2373, 10:486:2374, 13: 198: 14; and G. H. Hardy, 13:199:18; manuscripts of, 13: 199:19, 13:199:20

Liu Hui, 2:121:4, 5:250:772, 6:103:1008, 6:344:1210, 9:500:2043, l2:308:95

Lloyd, John Laviers, 5:492:932 Lobachevskii, N. I., 1:222:6, 1:244:1, 1:375:1,

2:381:3, 2:406:5, 3:368:3, 3:371:11, 3~37514, 3:505:6, 4:123:95, 4:242:159, 9:258:1916, 10:488:2393, 13:317:75

logarithms, 2:404:3, 7:102:1315, 10:142:2180, 10:374:2303, 11: 113:4, 12:395:12; in Baby- lonian mathematics, 2:393:2; of negative numbers, 4:374:339

logic, 2:249:2, 3:112:9, 3:254:1; algebra of, XIX, 5:372:820; ancient, 2:391: 1, 13:313:27; conference on, 13:313:24; and jurisprudence, 3:368:5; mathematical, 3:362:2, 3:502:11, 9:502:2064, 13:319:97; philosophy of, 3:365:3; quantification theory in, 5:249:759; scholastic, 4: 118:33; stoic, 2:391:7, 2:391:8; symbolism in, 13:317:67; threshhold, 4:497:596; V-XIV, 2: 110:3; XX, 9:255:1877, 9:498:2011

logicism, 10:253:2242, 11:349:26 logos, 6~474: 1236 Lomonosov, M. V., 4: 122:80, 6:340: 1148 longitude determination, 10:374:2307 Larch, Lee, 4:124:116 Lorentz, H. A., l2:198:83 Lorenzen, Paul, 2:413:5, 10:376:2324 Louisiana State University, 13:315:51 Lovelace, Augusta Ada, 1:501: 1, 2:387: 1,

2:404:5, 4:248:235, 11:350:33, 13:319:93 Lowenheim, Leopold, 3:503:5, 5:250:774,

11: 118:66 Loyd, Sam, 4:120:53 Lozanovskii, Grigorii Yakovlevich, 6:476:1263 Lucretius, 6:228:1131 Lukoff, Herman, 8:227:1715 Lundin, Robert, l2:95:50 lune quadrature, 3:248:4 Luxembourg, 2:406:2 Luzin, N. N., 6:224:1071, 6:343:1199,

7:464:1508, 7:465:1516, 11:244:25, 11:249:85, 11:349:32

Mach, Ernst, 1:506:4 Macintyre, A. J., 2:424:3, W:l97:10

MacLane, Saunders, 2:381: 1, 4:123:102, 4:243: 168

MacLaurin, Colin, 1:380:5, 1:494:2, 6:99:956, 9:365: 1973, 11:247:56

MacMahon’s three-color squares, 3:381:3 Madagascar, mathematics teaching in,

l2:398:59 Madhava of Sangamagrama, 2:406:3 Mandelbrot, Benoit, 13:91:27 magic circles of Yang Hui, 9:258:1914 magic and mathematics, 10: 143:2197 magic squares, 2:394:3, 9:254:1862,

9:365: 1978, 10: 142:2186. 12:303:32; in Arabic mathematics, 11: 117:56; in Islamic mathematics, 12:307:85: in Japanese mathematics, 11:243: 1

Magnitskii, L. F., 4:122:80 Mahavira, 6:102:992 Mahel, Vladimir, 7:220: 1400 Mahler, K., autobiographical, 2:230:5 Maier, Annaliese, 2: 109:3 Maimonides, Moses, 2:107:4 Mainardi-Codazzi equations, 6:344:1209 Mainz University, 5:120:668, 5:124:714 Malfatti, Gianfrancesco, 10:374:2308 Maltsev, A. I., 1:505:2, 2:412:4 Malus, E. S. L., 4:492:525 Mandelbrojt, S., 11:243:10, L?:305:60 manifolds, 9: 126: 1837 Mannoury, Gerrit, 6:342:1178 Manse], Henry Longueville, 10:379:2360 manuscripts, 4: 126: 143; at Academy of Sci-

ence, U.S.S.R., 9:365:1%8; at Wolfenbtit- tel, 12:93:34; to 1500, 10:251:2221; see also archives

map coloring, 11:243:9 Marczewski, Edward, 5:491:914, 5:492:924,

8~224~1677, 9:501:2059 Margolis, Gregory A., 6:227:1112 Marius, Simon, 4:125: 128 Markov, A. A., 5:373:825, 5:374:836,

11:351:46 Markov processes, semi-, 4:244:188 Markushevich, A. I., 8:490: 1765, 11:243:3 Marshak, A., 3: 124: 1 martingale theory, 5:490:901 Marx, Karl, 4:494:554, 6:103:1018, 9:501:2061,

10:375:2316, 10:488:23%, 10:489:2407, 13:93:49

Marxism, 4:492:523 Mastlin, Michael, 1:498:5 Mateev, Alipi, l2:307:89


materialist mathematics, 3:246:2 Mathematical Association of America,

1:236:3; logo of, l2:399:67 The Mathematical Miscellany, 13:92:34 mathematical physics, 9:363: 1945, 9:500:2034,

13:91:29; in France, 8:381:1742, 10:251:2224

Mathematische Annalen, 1:357:2 mathematization in science, 9:499:2032 Mathesis, 9:365: 1974 matrices, 5:120:671, 5:124:715 matrix mechanics, 5: 119:658 Mauchly, J. W., 3:131:5, 7:106:1357,

7:461:1469, 8:117:1624, 9:126:1841 Maxwell, C., 4:484:430 May, Kenneth O., 5:250:775, 12:193:26,

12: 195:45 Mayan arithmetic, 10: 140:2153 Mayan calendars, 3:126:4 Mayan mathematics, 4:486:450, 9:364: 1967 Mayer, J. Tobias, 2:237:1, 3:255:9; and Euler,

1:251:2 Mayr, Simon, see Marius, Simon MAYTYC Journal (Math. Assoc. of Two-

Year Colleges), 2: 117:3 Mazur, Stanislaw, 12:300:6 mean value theorem, 2: 110:5, 6:340: 1146,

9:258: 1920 measure theory, 2:399:6; and potential theory,

4:123:108 measurement in antiquity, 7:223:1435,

12:306:77 mechanics, 2:419:2, 4:241:153, 4:377:383,

5~2471747, 12:397:42; of continuous me- dia, 1:493:7; in East, V-XIV, 4:242:157; fluid, XX, 4:484:429; in France, 5:373:834, 10:375:2315; XIX, 3:504:4

medicine, see iatromathematics Medvedev, F. A., 7:464:1504, 11:119:75 meetings, histories of, 1:493:5 Mellin, Hjalmar, 8:223:1670 Men’s Mathematics Club of Chicago,

4~487~465 Menchov, D. E., l2:305:63 Mendel, Johann Gregor, 3:121:2, 10:377:2346 Mengoli, Pietro, 2:120:3 Menshov, D. E., 11:349:32 mensuration, 1:510:1; V-XIV, 10:252:2232 Meray, Charles, 1:221:2, 6:226: 1109 Mercator projection, 6:225:1098 Mersenne, Marin, 2:414:3, 3:124:5, 3~375~7,

3:503:3, 4:375:365,5:377:875, 8:492: 1789

Meschkowski, Herbert, 7:220: 1407 meteorology, 1:484:2, 2:395:1, 3:501:6,

13:318:87 metric system, 1:510:1, 2:415:4, 3:377:1; in

France, 10:138:2113; in U.S.A., 5:121:684 metrication, 1:225:5, 3:124:2; in Great Britain,

1:499:4; in U.S.A., 3:382:7 metrology, 1:383:3, 2:233:3, 2:409:5, 3:118:2,

3:368:8, 4:118:34, 4:376:375, 4:494:558 Mexican mathematics, 13:314:30; in colonial

times, U: 198:88; contemporary, 13:94:64, 13:94:65; linear measures in, 12:191:2; relation to Cuban, 12: 196:59

military applications, 1:351:2, 1:494: 1 military and mathematics, 11: 113: 10, l2395: 11 Mill, John Stuart, 9:502:2074, 10:253:2241,

10:379:2360, 11: 117:54 Miller, George, 5: 115:615 Millington, Margaret Hilary, 13:196:3 Milloux, Henri, 9:499:2019 Milton, John, 7:222: 1426 Minding, Ferdinand, 1:113:3 minimal surfaces, 3:502:4, l2:195:53 Minkowski, Hermann, 1:231:1, 2:398:7,

3~366~7, 4~2471227, 12:400:79 Minkowski duality, 3:371:3 Mises, Richard von, 10:137:2107 Mishra, Ratan Shanker, 9:365:1977 Mittag-Leffler, M. G., 8:491: 1782, 11:245:40,

l2:304:48, 13:90:16, 13:94:66 Mittag-Leffler Institute, 1:248:2 Mobius, A. F., 2~398~7, 3:380:7, 5:125:732,

8:111:1544, 9:125:1817, 9:499:2020, 13:320: 104

Mobius band, 1: 119:4, 2: 108:l model theory, 2:392:3, 2:392:4, 3: 123:l models, 3:502:5, 10:139:2133 Mohr, Georg, 1:481:3, 10:489:2406 Moisil, G. K., 3:366:5 Moldavia S.S.R., 1:376:4, 2:382:5 Molien, T. E., 4:483:406 Molin, F. E., 5:372:818 Momokawa, Jihei, 11:116:41 Monge, Gaspard, 13:320: 104 Mongolia S.S.R., 2:409:6 Montclair State College, 6:344:1205 Monteiro, A., 10:252:2226 Montucci, Enrico, 10:374:2309 Moon, 5: 118648 Moore, E. H., 4:375:363, 5: 117:637,

10~252~2226, 10:379:2363, 13:318:80


Moore, R. L., 1:237:1, 3:507:10, 4:123:101, 4:375:363,5:123:702,6:342:1189, 1X:249:83

Moore spaces, 13:92:37 Morawetz, Cathleen, 8: 115:1601 Mordell, L. J., 13:199:21; bibliography,

1:367:2 Morgenstern, O., 4:497:593, 5:123:701 Morley trisectors, 7:222:1431 Morocco, V-XIV, 7:463:1491 Morse, Marston, 5:375:854, 7:218:1373,

8:222:1657 Morse theory, 12:92: 17 mortality problems, 11: 115:26 Morton, Vernon Charles, W:205:59 Moscow school of theory of functions,

11:349:32 Moser, Leo, 1:244:3, 2:424:1 Mostowski, Andrzej, 4:494:546, 5:492:923,

5:493:934, 9:365:1981; bibliography, 5:493:935

Motzkin, Theodore S., 2:397:5, 11:117:48 Moxon, Joseph, 10:489:2406 Mozambique, 8:381:1740 Mu’ad, Ibn, 11:249:80 multivariate analysis, 4:242:161 Mumford, David, 2:112:2, 3:381:12 Muris, Jean de, see Muris, Johannes de Muris, Johannes de, 3:245:5, 10:253:2244 Murphy, R., 6:341:1160 music: in al-Farabi, 3:254:4; Chinese,

4:488:483; mathematical aspects of, 2:225:8, 6:227:1124; and mathematics, bibliography, 1:503:2; scales, 2:122:1, 2:406:1; theory, 9:259:1924; V-XIV, 10:486:2367; XVII, 4:484:419

mythology, mathematics in, 6:223:1060

Napier, John, 1:365:5, 6:226:1103, 7:104:1337, 7:220:1401, 7:462:1485, 9:257:1907, 10:375:2319, lZ:304:50

Napoleon, 9:367:1998 Nardi, A., 11: 118:68 Narducci, T.. 1:232:2 Nasir al-Din al-Ttisi. 1:498:2, 2: 112:4.

6:479:1301, l2:304:44 National Bureau of Standards, U.S., 2:381:5 National Council of Teachers of Mathematics,

4:487:465 National Socialism and mathematics in Ger-

many, l2: 197:67

nature, mathematics in, 9:254: 1873 nature of mathematics, 3:256: 1, 4: 126: 135,

4:488:482 navigation, 31256~1, 8:492: 1792 Neapolitan school, 9:254: 1864 Needham, Joseph, 4:492:530 Neelakantha Somayaji, 2:413:3 negative numbers, 3:255:4, 12:398:50 Netherlands, see Dutch mathematics Neumann, Carl, 10:251:2218 Neumann, Ernst Richard, 10:377:2343 Neumann, Franz Ernst, 10:377:2343 Neumann, Gottfried, 10:377:2343 Neumann, Hanna, 13:203:44 Nevanlinna, R. H., 9:125:1821, 13:203:43 Newcomb, Simon, 1:368:1, 1:503:4,

6:345:1219 Newton, Isaac, 1:232:2, 1:364:2, 2:424:4,

9:498:2018; and algebraic transformations, 2:415:5; bibliography of, 5:249:760; biography of, 9:127:1855; and calculus, 1:509: 1, 2:415: 1; and calculus of variations, 3:245:7; centripedal acceleration in, 4:483:409; correspondence of, 4:118:29; his deathmask, 6: 104:1023; his editors, 4~3771385; fluxions in, 1: 116:2; and function concept, 1:363:2; and infinitesimals, 2:378: 1, 8:116: 1607; and interpolation, 5:372:815; and Kepler, 1:484:7; and Leib- niz, 1:381:1, 2:388:2, 2:405:5, 4:121:76, 6:224:1070, 7:467:1537, 7:467:1538, 8: 114: 1591; his library, 4:377:388; his mathematical papers, 3:507:7; his method of analysis, 3:363:3; Moon, 5:118:648; and optics, 2:396:6, 4:372:315, 12:96:60; his papers, 9:257: 197; Principia, 1: 115:3, 1:242:3, 4:251:277; and probability, 11:245:29; his published works, 6: 100:964; and series, 2:239:3; space and time, 3:380:5; in Spanish, l2:96:58, l2:96:59; William Whiston on, 1:245:3

Newton pasturage problem, 8:493:1812 Newton’s laws, l2:94:48 Newtonian revolution, 10:138:2114 Neyman, Jerzy, 2:118:5, 3:371:5, 10:255:2267,

10:373:2289,10:374:2302,10:377:2335, 13:204:51

Nicholas of Cuss, l2:305:66 Nicholson, James W., l3:315:51 Nicholson, Peter, 10:486:2376 Nietzsche and time, 4: 119:40 Nightingale, Florence, 9:499:2024, 11: 114: 19


Nikoladze, G. N.. 2:403:5 Noether, Emmy, 2:417:5. 4:252:286,

412521287. 4:486:453. 8:491: 1784. 10:140:2147. 13:92:40, 13:208:85

Nell’s axiom, 8:223: 1665 non-Archimedean systems, 6:225: 1096 non-Euclidean geometries, 3:372:5.

6:478:1288, 8:116:1614, 9:127:1851, 10:379:2360, 11: 114: 16; acceptance of, 5: 120:670: and Aristotle, 5:120:669. 6: 103: 1003; before Einstein, 7:466: 1530; in England, 10: 142:2178; and Euler, 1:222: I; first, 2: I l5:4; and fourth dimension, 11:245:39; and Gauss. 1:247:3; general history of, 4:242: 158: and Lobachevskii, 9:258:1916, 13:316:57; origins of, 2:229:3: and parallelism. 2:251:2; philosophical studies of, 2:385:6; and Plato, 2:4l I: I, 10:375:2321; and Reid, T., 3:252:5, 3:252:6; and space-time, 3: I I I :6; validity of, 3:253:7; XIII. 2: l22:2

non-holonomic systems. 1:247:5 nonlinear systems, 2:388:6 nonstandard analysis, 2: I l7:4, 2:383:2,

4:372:308, 7:219:1379, 7:221:1412, 13:312:7

nonstandard number systems, 3:373:4 Nordstrom, Gunnar. 9:500:2044 normed linear spaces, 3:506:3 notation, 1:382:4. 2:l l9:3, 2:229:5, 4:498:605,

9:125:1817, 12:95:51; Babbage’s, 3:504:1: Polish, 2:232:5

Novgorodets, see Kirik Novgorodets number concept, 2:408:5, 2:413: I, 8: 112: 1564,

12:303:38 number fields, 3:257:2 number mysticism, 3:380:9 number theory, 1:122:2, 3:l l3:6, 3:120:7,

3:501:5. 7:222:1422, 10:142:2184, 11:351:46, 11:354:85; additive, 4:123:107: Arabic, 6:479: 1308; early history of, 1:361:6; in Orient, 10:141:2163; see also algebraic number theory; analytic number theory

numbers, 9:257:1908, 10: 140:2143, 10:487:2385; and variables, 12:94:42: congruent mod 90. 12:306:69

numeracy, 10:374:2301 numeration, 1:224: I, 1:386: I, 2: ll9:2, 2:242:3,

3:1 I I: IO. 3:375:2, 4:119:37, 4:248:242, 8:226:1705; alphabetic, 7:465: 1514; Baby- lonian, 4:122:90; in Hawaii, 5:120:675;

Indian mathematics, 12:304:43; Iranian, 3:381:7; minoan, 9:367:2002; nondecimal. 9:255: 1876; popularization of history of, 4:494:549, 4:494:550; positional system of counting, 6:478: 1296; prehistory, 4:491:517; Roman, 4:125:125; Sanskrit and English, 9:502:2069; Shona. 1:235: 1; U.S.S.R., V-XIV, 6:100:970

numerical analysis, 2:381:5. 5:371:805, 7: 102: 1314, 13:94:56

numerical mathematics, 9:255: 1882 numerology, 4:493:532, 10:486:2375

Oberwolfach Mathematical Institute, 8:227:1714, 13:318:85

Oberwolfach meeting, 14th, 4:372:318; l7th, 3:255:6; l8th, 3:255:5; 19th. 4:248:231; 23rd (1980), 8:492:1790, 9:362:1939; 24th (1981). 10:486:2368

Obreshkov, N., 3:363:4 O’Brien, Matthew, 9:503:2084 Ockham, see William of Ockham Oehl, Wilhelm, 4:492:524 Ohm, Martin, 8:380:1730, l&376:2326.

12:306:80, 12:307:82, l2:394:6 Oklahoma University Library, 4:242:160 Oldenburg, Henry, 3:364:3, 4:l l7:24 Omar Khayyam, 6:226: II04 operational calculus, 1:252:2, 3:373:2,

10:140:2154, 10:251:2220 operations research, 1:250: I. 1:489:4, 2:402:7;

see also optimization operators, subelliptic, 4: 124: 112; XX,

3:383:7 optics. 2:407:3, 4:1 l8:32, 4:491:518; Newto-

nian, 4:372:315 optimization, 10:142:2172 oral history, techniques, 11:350:34 Oresme, Nicole, 1:492:5, 3:366:4, 9:363:1949,

10:376:2330 Oresme numbers. 3:366: I organizations, mathematical, 1:243:1 Orient, number theory, 10:141:2163 origin of mathematics, 6:477: 1271, 12:307:84,

12:395:19 ornamentation, 7:462: 1484 Qrsted, H. C.. 9:363:1943 Ostrogradskii, M. V.. 1:222:2, 3:500:4,

61224: 1082 Oxford University, 2:403:6, 12:93:32 Ozanam. J., 3:246: I


Pacioli, Luca, 2:234:4, 2:400: 1, 6:475: 1243. 11:243:6

Pad&, Henri, 11:351:47 Pade approximations, 13:90:9 Padua, XIII-XIV, 2:397: 1 Painleve, Paul, 3:379:10 Palermo Mathematical Society, 9:498:2017,

12:306:71 Pancasiddhantika, 11:243:2 Pandita, Narayana, 7:223:1441 Pappus of Alexandria, 2:231:3, 13:317:68 Pappus-Guldino theorem, 11: 118:68 papyri, 1:246:2; see n/so Rhind papyrus paradoxes, 3:131:2, 4:493:538; literary,

2:396:8; logical, 1:381:4; of theory of sets, 13:314:31

parallelogram of forces, 6:341: 1164 parallels, 3: 1175 Paramesvra, 4:245: 195 PAREX project, 4~373~325, 413751357 Paris Academy of Science, 5:115:619 partial differential equations, 1:221:3, 2: 120: 1,

2:120:2, 3:507:6, 413761377, 513731826, 7:461:1474, 11:244:16, 11:244:17

partitions: and false theta functions, 7:460:1458; of integers, 1:358:5

Pascal, Blaise, 1:490:2, 9:126: 1842; biography of, 2:236:5; and tonics, 6: 104: 1028; and indivisibles, 13:93:46; and infinitesimal geometry, 2: 104:4, 2:105:1; and Leibniz, 7:464:1509; philosophy of, 10:140:2155; probability in, 4: 122:79, 6: 100:966, 9~256: 1896

Pascal triangle, 9: 125: 1818 Pasch, Moritz von, 4:116:3, 4:124:121,

11:243:9 Pasch axiom, 2:392:2 Patrizzi, Francesco, 6:103:1013 patronage, 10: 142:2181 Pauli, Wolfgang, 4:493:533, 7:104:1338 Peacock, George, 4:494:553, 8:490: 1770,

9:126:1831, 9:362:1931 Peano, Giuseppe, 1:125:2, 1:352:3, 2:116:1,

2:416:4, 3:125:6, 5:490:893, 10:251:2223, 13:314:35, 13:317:67; biography of, 8: 115: 1598, 11:246:42; and E. Catalan, l2:94:45; and D. E. Smith, 8:115:1599

Pearson, Egon Sharpe, 8:380: 173 1 Pearson, Karl, 4:378:404, 4:495:568,

6:222:1057, 8:492:1802, l2:192:6 Pegolotti, Francesco Balducci,

2:397:4

Peirce, Benjamin, 2:232:4, 4:489:486, 10:254:2261

Peirce, Charles S., 3:376:1, 4:376:380, 11:351:48, 13:317:69; and S. Bochner on, 3:130:5, 3:130:6; and G. Boole, 10:141:2161; collected works of, 4:372:307; and Augustus De Morgan, 4:376:372; and Dedekind, 13:91:24; Eisele on, 7:461: 1477; and Leibniz, 2:239: 1; linear algebra in, 1:234: 1; his logic, 3:115: 1, 9:502:2071; as mathematical physicist, 3:371:9; his methodology, 9:499:2027: The Nation, 4: 119:49, 4:375:359; New Elements, 4: 117: 13, 4~3771394, 5:118:651, 5~2511779, 5:369:794; and philosophy, 9:502:2066; his place in American life, 9:499:2031; his place in mathematics, 9:499:2023; and set theory, 5: 126:738; and Zeno. 3: Il7:2, 3: 128:6

Peirce, James Mills, 6:343:1195, 6:344:1212, 7:220: 1404

Peletier, Jacques, 6: 103: 1010 Pell, John, 3:245: 1 Pell equation, 6:222:1050 Pell sequences, 6:228:1125 Petialver y Bachiller, P.. I2:302:24 Pennington, William Barry, l3:206:65 Pepys, Samuel, 11:245:29 perception, 10:140:2157 Pereyra, Benito, 10:487:2388 perfect numbers, 1:366:4, 7:222:1427 permanence of equivalent forms, principle of,

10:376:2331 permutations, Cauchy on, 11: 114: 17 Perron-Kurzweil integral, l2:195:51 Persian mathematics, 3:111:5, 4:121:67 perspective, 3:254:5, 6~475~1243, 10:143:2187,

12~396~27 Petersburg, Russia, see under Saint Peters-

burg Peterson, Karl M., 6:344:1209 Petrovskii, I. G., 2:384:2 Petsval, J. M., 3:503:4 Pettenkofer, M., 3:121:2 Petty, William, 4:372:319 Pfaff, J., 7:461:1474, 10:487:2379, 13:313:25 Pfeifer, Georgii Vasilevich, 2:398:5 phase transitions, 11:353:79 philosophy of mathematics, 1:491:5, 1:501:3,

3:381:10, 4:483:407, 13:316:58; abstraction, 2:402:2, 3:367:8, 5:123:710; applied mathematics, 1:249:3; of Bruter, 3:250:5;


collections concerning, 1:356:3. 2:377:2, 2:399: 1; and computer science, 9:501:2060; constructivism, 5:126:742; and continuum, 2: 104:2; and F. Engels, 4:250:263; epistemology, 2:230:6, 3:502:6; and evolution of mathematics, 10:253:2252; French, 71220: 1392; Greek, 3:376:6: history of, 10:488:2398; idealism. 4:250:265; Marxist-Leninist. 1:361: I. 4:492:523, 5:371:812; materialist mathematics, 3:246:2; mathematical truth, 3: ll3:4; meaning in mathematics, 4:372:314; modern schools of, 8:l l7:1623: neo-Kantians, 4:250:266; ontology, 2:399:3; Platonism, 2:399:4; and H. Put- nam, 5:117:632, 13:317:71; relevance of mathematics, 5:251:785; structures in mathematics, 4:250:264; in U.S.S.R., 3: 118:5, 4:376:374: of F. Waismann, 9:503:2092; of H. Wang, 3:506: 10: V- XIV, 3:381:4. 12:195:49; XIV-XVII. 2:123:5; XX, 2:112:3

philosophy of science, 12:191:5 philosophy and sociology of mathematics,

1:228:3 photography, 3:503:4 physics, 6:100:963; in France, XIX,

9:255:1878; and mathematics, 3:504:8, 3:506:2: V-XIV, 7:102:1318; XX, 2:121:1; see n/so mathematical physics

pi, 1:250:3. 1:385:2, 4:494:551, 511261737, 7:102:1312, 10:376:2327; and Cusanus, 8: 116: 1619; evaluated by Aryabhata, l2:301:14; evaluated by John Ward, 8:491:1779; in Indian mathematics, 10:250:2200; in Japanese mathematics, 13:315:44; new value of, 7:220:1398; theorem, 5:374:846

Pike, Nicholas, 9:254:1868 Pincherle, S., 1:220:2 Pinl, Maximilian, obituary, 9:501:2054 Piola, G., 11:113:12 planar graphs, 13:315:50 plane algebraic curves, 2:240: 1 Planude, Maximus, 10:137:2099, 10:378:2347 Plateau, J. A. F., 2:386:1 Plateau’s problem, 3:382:4, 3:502:4, 4: 125: 130 Plato, 2:237:2, 2:388: 1, 4:488:472, 6: 103: 1004,

6:103:1005, 6:103:1006, 6:223:1061. 6:345:1221, l2:194:41; on definition in mathematics, 3:374:2; and geometry, 10:253:2243; mathematics in, 3:502: 1; and

non-Euclidean geometries, 10:375:2321; predecessors, 3~37616; Republic, 6:225: 1092; Theaetetus, 6:343: 1200, 11:247:58

Platonism, 6:103: 1014 Playfair. John, 10:486:2377 Plemelj, Josip, 3:253:3 Plessis, Nicolas du, 13:204:49 Plimpton 322, 9:367:2008 Plotinus. 11:351:51 Plucker. Julius, 3:380:7, 8113: 1569, lZ:l93:24,

13:320: 104 poetry, mathematics and, 1:235:3 Pogrebysski, I. B., 1:242:2 Poincare, Henri, 1:221:4, 2:412:1, 4:377:387,

414931535, 4:495:563, 6:339:1145. 8: 114: 1588, 10:255:2270, 10:378:2348, 10:378:2353, 11:248:67, 12:301:13. 12:302:25, 12:303:41

Poincare-Volterra theorem, 12:94:41 point in Greek mathematics, 11:249:81 Poisson, S. D., 5:376:869, 9:367:1999,

9:500:2036, 11:348: 13, 12:91:5 Poisson distribution, 11:352:67 policy, mathematics, 3:125:2; in U.S.A.,

1:494: I Polish mathematics, 4:496:582, 4:496:583,

4:496:584, 7:463: 1497, 9:257: 1904 political arithmetic, 4:372:319 politics of mathematics, 9:499:2028,

9:499:2029, 9:499:2030 Polya, George, collected papers, 3: 123:4 polyhedral numbers, 3:246:3 polyhedrons, 3:121:6, 4:493:541, 10:251:2217,

12:92:20, l2:195:52 polynomials, piecewise. 1:370: 1 polytopes, 1:233:3 Poncelet, J. V., 3:380:6, 13:319:95 Pontryagin, L. S., 8:226:1700, 8:383:1757 popularizations, biographies, 5: 115:616;

U.S.S.R., 4:244:181 population growth, 5:375:850 portraits, ancient. 7:219:1386 postage stamps, 3: 1 l5:4 potential theory, 1:490: 1, 2:402:5, 4: 123: 108 Pothenot problem, see three-point problem power series, 11: 118:61 Prabhakar, Tilak Raj, 10:253:2250 practical mathematics, 12:95:50; in Spain,

9:257: 1906; trade in, 7:466: 1532; XV- XVII, 5:377:878; XVII, 6: 104: 1026

Prager, William, 9:364: 1957


Prague, Charles University, 7:219:1388 Pratt, Orson, 1: 116: 1 pre-Babylonian mathematics, 13:318:86 prehispanic mathematics, l2:308:97 prehistoric mathematics, 3: 124: 1, 4: 123:97,

4:483:416, 4:491:517, l2:398:55 pressure, 4:484:420 Prevost, Pierre, 3:504: 1 prime number theorem, 1:226:1, 1:230:3 prime numbers, 3: 111:9, 4:496:578,

8:228:1719, 10:488:2401 printing mathematics, 4:498:605, 6:476: 1261;

see also typography prizes, 3:247:6, 5:375:853, 6:476:1257 probability, 1:228:4, 2:122:5, 2:388:3, 2:408:2,

8:491:1781, 10:138:2115, 10:377:2339, 11:349:29, 13:315:49; account by Ney- man, 9:366: 1984; in d’ Alembert, 2: 106: 1; axiomatic, 2: 109: 1, 5:377:871; and Bos- covich, l2:307:90; Cauchy distribution in, 2:114:5; central limit theorem in, 2:107:3; and P. L. Chebyshev, 3:258:6; to Che- byshev, 7:465: 1521; and coincidences, 10: 143:2192; collections of historical papers on, 4~249~257; and expectation, 10:378:2354; and Fermat and Pascal, 4:122:79; foundations of, 3:120:4, 4:252:291; function, 11:118:67; and Huy- gens, 8: 114: 1579; its introduction into mathematics, 4:250:258; of judgements, 8:380:1732; and Laplace, 3~36412, 4:251:275; in medicine, 1:363:3; and metrology, 2:233:3; and mortality problems, 11:115:26; and operations research, 2:402:7; and Pascal, 6: 100:966; and physics, 1:384:2; prehistory of, 2:228:6, 4:251:274, 7:462: 1479; its role in science and technology, 9:498:2013; and scientific evidence, 5:248:752; subjective, 4:495:565; and Thucydides, 2:411:3, 5:251:788; VI, 10:376:2323; XVII, 3:130:8. 11:117:60; XVIII, 11:117:50; XX, 4:247:223

prodigies, l2:97:68, U:97:76 productivity of mathematicians, ages of,

2:246: 1 profession of history of mathematics, 1:353:1 professionalization of mathematics, 4: 121:75,

9:366:1993, 9:366:1996, 10:490:2413, l2:306:80

programming, see under computers projection in art, 8:383:1760

projective geometry, 3:380:6, 4:371:296, l2:92: 19

proportion, 3:130:4, 10:143:2190, 11:350:39; in Greek mathematics, 6:474: 1236

prosthaphaeresis, 5:250:771 Prussian mathematics, 10:490:2413, l2:307:81;

education in, 2~377~4, 9:367:,1997, 10:376:2326

Prjim, F. E., 5:491:904 ” psychologism and George Boole, 3:377:7 psychology of mathematics,,2: 110: 1,

4:252:291; in education, 4~244~185 Ptolemy, Claudius, 3:127:4, 4~374~348,

11:351:53; as a mathematician, 3:380:8 Punnett, R. C., 4:378:404 pure mathematics, origins of, 8383: 1759 Purkiss, Henry John, 10:490:2421 puzzles, 2:423: 1, 4: 120:53 pyramids, 9:126:1839 Pythagoras, 2~398~4, 3:129:3, 3:381:2,

8:116:1612 Pythagorean harmonics, 4:248:243 Pythagorean theorem, 1:368:3, 2:114:2,

4:120:51, 4:496:579 Pythagorean triples, 9:367:2008; Egypt,

8:116:1608 Pythagoreanism, 3: 124:3, 6:474: 1237,

6:476: 1252

quadrant, 10~252~2232 quadratic equations, 6:343: 1201, 12:95:52 quadratic forms, 11:243:6 quadratic reciprocity, 9:499:2021, l2:396:23 quadrature, see circle, squaring; integration quadrivium, 4:371:306, 4:372:321 quantifier problems, 10:490:2422 quantum mechanics, 4:487:461, 4:495:564,

10:253:2247 quatemions, 3:121:7, 4~373~326, 5:126:734,

10:486:2366 Quetelet, L. A. J., 7:103:1326, 9:499:2024,

11:114:19, l2:396:29 Quillen, Daniel, 6:226: 1111 Quine, W. V., 13:319:96 quipus, 6:225:1099, 6:225:1100, 6:225:1101,

6:226: 1102 Qurra, Thabit ibn, see Thabit ibn Qurra

Rademacher, Hans, 3:363:1, 13:91:30 Radojcic, Milos, 8:221:1637 Rahn, J. H., 3:245:1 rainbows, 5:120:673


Rajagopal, C. T., 13:206:64 Ramanujan, S., 5:491:912, 9:498:2009,

9:498:2012,10:137:2103, 10:378:2349, 11:113:6, 12:301:10, 12:304:45, 13:89:3, 13:93:54; his manuscripts, 13:206:68: his notebook, 13: 197:6; his quarterly reports, 13:197:7

Ramsey, Frank Plumpton, 5:370:796 Ramus, Petrus, 2:389:3, 2:404:6. 6:103:1010,

10:250:2205 ratio. in Greek mathematics, 8: 113: 1577.

10:139:2128, 11:245:27: to XVII, 3:374:6 rational mechanics and mathematics,

9:362: 1932 rational numbers, complementary, 5:491:913 real analysis, 2:402:4, 2:419:4, 3:375:5. 3:377:4 real numbers, 2:419:4. 12:306:72 Recorde, Robert, 41496~574 recreations, 1:358:3. 4:487:464, 4:494:548,

8:222:1656: in Arabian mathematics, 7: 104: 1339: bibliography of, 1:360:4; see also games; puzzles

recursive functions, 3: 119:6, 7:219:1376, 11:245:32

recursive methods in school mathematics, 7:223:1443

Redfield, J. Howard, 12:196:57 reference materials, 4:371:298; biographical,

4:116:5: dictionaries, 5:370:803; in history of ideas, 2:235:2; in history of science, 10:252:2237; V-XIV, 7:105:1346; see also

bibliographies; biographical reference materials; dictionaries; directories; encyclopedias: indexes

Regiomantanus, 3:255:7, 4:252:288, 10:253:2244

regression, 1:508:3 regular heptagon, 6:228: 1128, 13:315:42 Rehbein, Johann-Heinrich, 6:224: 1083 Reichenau, Hermann von, 12:92: 14 Reid, Thomas, 3125215, 3~25216, 10:379:2360 relation, concept of. 9:364:1962 relation methods, 3: 130: 1 relativity, principle of. in Indian mathematics,

4:126:138 relativity theory, 2:391:9, 2:397:3, 2:399:5,

2:417: 1, 3:383:6, 11:247:60; general, 9: 127: 1861, 11:244:26; in Hungary, 9:498:2015; and Kant, 9:255:1879; and Minkowski, 3:366:7; special, 3:504:3

renormalization theory, 3:505:3 Renyi, Alfred, 4:243: 172, 4:493:537

representation of measurable functions, 3:504:7

representations, 11: 114:20 Rey Pastor. Julie, 4:486:455 Reyes y Prosper. Ventura, 10:376:2322 Rheticus, G. J.. 3:245:2 Rhind papyrus, 2: 114:4, 3:258:4, 5: I18:653,

5: 122:696. 5:374:844, 6:339:1136, 7:220:1393, 9:367:2007. 9:503:2090

Rhodesian mathematics, see Zimbabwe mathematics

Ribaucour, 12:94:45 Ricardus Anglicus, 4:373:327 Ricci Curbastro, G.. 4:484:426 Richardson. L. F., 11:348:16 Richardson extrapolation, 6:478: 1290 Ridder. J., 7:224: 1455 Riemann, Bernhard, 3:254:6; and continuous

nondifferentiable function, 5:375:859, 6:345:1227; and differential geometry, 9:366:1986, 10:379:2364; and Herbart. 10:255:2272, 12:399:69; and Hilbert problem 21, 3:253:4; and Italy, 6:225:1091, 10:141:2166; and Kant, 8:225:1697; his letters to family, 8383: 1756: on manifold and foundations of geometry, 10:489:2412; and topology, 7: 107: 1360

Riemann mapping theorem, 1:229:3 Riemann zeta function. 2:390:4 Riemannian geometry, 3:128:3 Riese. Adam, 6: 104: 1020 Riesz, F., 10:377:2342, 11:115:36, 12:305:64 Riesz, Marcel, 9:500:2042, 10:486:2374,

13:199:19 Riesz representation theorem, 13:314:34 rigor, 2:396:7, 8:381:1741 rithmomachia, 4:373:323, 7:103:1323 Robins, Benjamin, 1:380:5 Robinson, Abraham, 2: 117:4, 4:378:403,

4:485:439, 4:498:603, 9:362:1932, 13:208:86

robust estimation, 1:503:4 Rocca, G., 11:118:68 Rockefeller Foundation, 5: 118:652 Rogers, L. J., 7:460:1458, 9:498:2009,

10:137:2101 Rolle’s theorem, 6:340: 1146 Roman mathematics, 3:257:6 Roman numerals, 4:125:125 Romanian mathematics, 3:247:4, 3:376:7,

3:380:4, lZ:307:91; education in, 10:378:2357; functional analysis in.


2:402:3; potential theory in, 2:402:5; probability in, 2:402:7; real analysis in, 2:402:4; terminology in, 8:227:1709; at University of Jassy, 3:251:4; to XVIII, 4:485:433; XV-XIX, 4:484:423

Romberg, W., 11:348:16 Rose, J. S., 13:201:30 Ross, Arnold, 5: 117:637 Rost, G. R., 5:491:904 Roth, Leonard, 13:207:75 roulettes, 4:489:488 Routh. Edward John, 5:249:766 Royal Aragon Society of the Friends of the

Land, 9:255: 1884 Rubio. Antonio, 12: 198:79 Rudolff, C., 4:126:143 Rueb, Adolf Stephanus, 6:341: I I75 Ruffini, Paolo, 9:499:2020, 10:374:2308 Ruffini-Abel theorem, 3:500:4 Runge, Carl, 12:398:60, 13:317:76 Ruse, Harold Stanley, 13:205:63 Russel, John Scott, 12:193:31 Russell, Bertrand, 1:381:5. 5:374:838,

9: 126: 1832, 12:304:55, 13:198:1 I, 13:318:80, 13:319:96; archives, 4:246:209; and Cantor, 8:492: 1801; on definition, 3:374:2; G. H. Hardy on, 12:304:45; and Jourdain, 5:248:754; his logic, 3: I l2:9; his mathematics, 1:234:6, 13:202:37; and Peano, 3: 125:6; his philosophy, 1:233: I, 2:399:2; Principiu Muthemuticn,

5:376:865; Spanish translation of works, 3:383:3; and Zermelo, 6:345: 1223

Russell paradox, 13:90: I2 Russian mathematics, ancient, 6:341:1161; see

ulso U.S.S.R. Russian-peasant algorithm, 1:366:7, 1:367:3 Rybkin, G. F., 1:378:2

Saccheri, Girolamo, 12:92: 19 Sachs, Abraham J., 12:92:13 Sacrobosco, 3~24512 Saint Gallen, l2:304:46 Saint Petersburg Academy, 3:131:4, 3:379:9,

4:122:83; to 1917, 9:257:1898; XVIII- XIX, 9:257: 1899

Saint Petersburg University, 2:125:3 Saint-Venant, 13:312:6 Sanskrit mathematical terminology, 6:474: 1232 Sanskrit sources, 2:248:2, 9: 125: 1830 Sargent, Winifred L. C., 13:201:33 Sarton, George, 1:384: 1, 5:374:837

Sauer, Robert, 13:91:22 Saunderson, Nicholas, 8:223: 1673, 11:353:69 Savage, Leonard Jimmie, 1:483:l, 2:226:2 Saxe, Jean de, 12:96:64 Scaliger. Joseph, 10:488:2392 Schaeffler, Otto, 4:251:279 Schauder basis, 1:237:2 Schellbach, Karl H., 8: 118: 1636 Scheutz, George and Edward, 9:258: 1918 Schickard, Wilhelm, 4:489:489, 4:491:510 Schlafli. Ludwig, 7:222: 1429 Schleiermacher. F., 4:373:333 schlicht functions, 5: 120:672 Schmidt, 0. Yu., 3:377:3 Schmidtmayer, Josef, 8:221: 1646, 8:224:1679 Schonberg, I. J., 1:234:4 Schoute, Pieter Hendrik, 6:342:1179 Schouten, J. A., 6:342: II77 Schreier, O., 12:94:44, 13:312:7 Schreyber, H., see Grammateus, Heinrich Schroder, E., 2:385:1 Schubert, H., 6:342:1180 Schultz, Johann, 10:255:2273 Schumacher, Heinrich Christian, 7:460: 1465 Schur, F. H., 5:372:818 Schur, Issai, 1:495:5, 11:114:20, 13:204:56 Schur functions, 11:244:21 Schur index, 1:489:3 Schwarz-Christoffel transformation, 4:487:462 Schwarzschild, K., 11:244:26 Schwenter, Daniel, 2:395:3 science, nature of, 9:502:2067 science policy, 4:375:358 scientific revolution, 8: I I I: 1548 Scottish Book, 9:503:2082 Segar, H. W., 10:489:2409 Segar’s theorem. l2: 197:72 Segre, Beniamino, 13:200:29 Seguier, J. A. de, 8:381:1737 Seidel, P. L., 11:348:15 Seki Kowa, 2: 102: I, 2:379:2, 12:308:96 Seki Takakuzu, see Seki Kowa semigroups, 1:509:3, 8:381: 1737 Sen, R. N., 5:126:741 Sengupta, Prabodh Chandra, 8: 114: 1587 sequences of integers, 1:357: I sequential analysis, 1:496:2 serials. see journals series, 3:380:2; asymptotic and normal,

10:255:2270: infinite, 7:105:1344; infinite, XVII, 2:120:3; pre-Newtonian, 1:220:4; XIX, 5:490:89. 10:138:2117


Servois, F. J., 6:341:1160 set-theoretic topology, 6:477: 1279 set theory, 1:121:2, 1:230:2, 1:378:5, 3:132:2,

4:249:246, 9:258:1910, 12:194:36; and Aristotle, 1:498:7; and G. Cantor, 4:243: 166; and continuum, 2: 104: 1; effec- tif, 7:105:1351; in India, 2:401:1; and infinity, 2:229:4; and Konig, 10:489:2405; and mathematical logic, 9:502:2064; ordering of infinite sets, 5: 123:711; paradoxes of, 13:314:31; textbook on, with history, 2:385:3, 2:415:3; and theory of functions, 9:364: 1965

Sfortunati, Giovanni, 10:374:2310 Shamsiddin of Sarnarkand, 2:238:3 Sharakatsii, Anania, 10:487:2382 sheaf theory, 8:114: 1584 Sheynin, 0. B., 11:248:70 Shilov, G. E., 7:462:1482, 7:465:1512 Shirshov, A. I., 12:300:5 Shmidt, 0. Yu., 12:302:19 shoemaker’s knife, 1:366:3, 2:416:5,

4~2481239 Shona number system, 1:235: 1 Sicilian mathematics, 13:315:47 Sidis, William, 12: 198:78 Siegel, C., I2:92:12 Sierpinski, Wactaw. 2:109:2, 2:377:3.

5:115:614, 6:342:1187, 7:464:1507, 12:95:55; and N. N. Luzina, 7:464:1508

sieve of Eratosthenes, 1:226: 1, 11:348: 18 sieve methods, l2:198:81 similarity laws, 1:246:3 Simpson, Harold (formerly Hilton), 13: 198:17 Simpson, Thomas, 1:380:5, 13:319:88 Sina, ibn, see Avicenna sine function in India, 7: 104: 1333, 7: 104: 1334,

7: 104: 1335, 7: 104: 1336; see also circular functions

Slater, Noel Bryan, 13:204:50 Slavic mathematics, V-XIV, 1:363:5 Slichter, Charles Sumner, 2:420: 1 slide rules, 4: 126:146 Sluse, R.-F., 13:312:9, l3:312:12, 13:312:14,

13:312:16, 13:314:37, 13:315:52, l3:319:93 Smale, Stephen, 4:120:50 Smith, David Eugene, 6:344:1206, 8115: 1599 Smyters, Anthoni, 10:137:2109 Snedecor, George W., 2: 126:5 social history of mathematics, 5:374:845,

7:221:1421, 9:365:1976, 9:367:2000, 9:367:2001

social sciences, 9:502:2080; mathematization of, 2:403:3

society and mathematics, 2:123:3, 6:339:1138, 8122311664, 9:499:2022; ancient, 2~37711

sociology of mathematics, 1:118:1, 2:381:4, 3~244~2, 3~245~7, 4:119:35, 4:245:193. 5:121:680, 5:122:690, 8:382:1747. 9: 125: 1822; XVII, 4:487:460; see also crank mathematics: policy, mathematics

sociology of science, 2:398:2, 3:131:4, 3: 132:3, 3:378:3, 4~375357, 5~247~749. 5:489:883, 9: 127: 1853

soliton equations, 12:193:31 Sommerville, D. M. Y., 7:465:1519 source materials, 3:500:6, 4:251:278,

12:398:57; audio-visual, 7:461: 1476; in classical analysis, 1: 125: 1; collection by Calinger, 10:486:2372; collections by mathematicians, 3:379:8; in foundations of mathematics, 10:379:2358; and general histories, 2:228:4; in Greek mathematics, 3:114:7; in history of science, 5:489:882; in libraries, 13:90:7, in mathematical logic, 3:505:1; to 1800, 2:250:3; V-XIV, 2:408:6, 4:485:437; V-XVII, 10:374:2306; X-XVI, 1:247:1

Souslin, M.. 3:502:5 Southwell, Richard V., 3:130:1, 3:130:2 Soviet Union, see U.S.S.R. space, 2:397:8; and motion, 10:254:2260; and

time, 4:373:329 Spain, Indian mathematics in, 10:252:2227 Spanish mathematics, 1:370:4, I2:395:21;

journals, 10:376:2322; statistics, 9:259:1921; XVII, 9:257:1905; XVII-XIX, 9:255:1875; XVIII, 3:505:7; XIX, 12: 194:32

spectral theory, 1:121:1. 2:225:1; of operators, 2:405:3

Spemer, Emanuel, 9:504:2096 sphere packing, l2:199:90 spherical triangles, 8:382: 1745 spherical trigonometry, 6:228:1127 Spitaltields Mathematical Society, 7:460: 1467,

13: 199:22 “square,” the word in mathematics, 1:235:2 square root: computation, 8: 112: 1559; in

Berlin Papyrus, 9:363:1952; of two in Vedic mathematics, 9:362:1925

squaring the circle, see circle, squaring stability theory, 5:490:890 stamps, postage, 3:115:4


Stanford University, 1:227:3 Stanhope, Lord, 4:121:63 Stanley, Gertrude Katherine, l3:206:67 statics, 3:505:8 statistics, 12:97:70; anthology of quotations,

11: 113:8; Bayesian, 11: 115:34; bibliography of, 1:487:2; and biology, 11:352:61: and biometrics, 2:378:9, 4:377:386; Cauchy distribution in, 2: 114:s; collections of historical papers in, 4:250:257; dictionary of, 2:244: 1; estimation in, 3:373:5; in exact sciences, 2:228:2; and experimental design, 2:228:3; and R. A. Fisher, 8:223: 1669; Gaussian distribution in, 9:258: 1911; and Gergonne, 2:116:3; in Great Britain, 9: 125: 1822; for history, 1:376:7; and indeterminism, l&94:58; and inference, 4:378:399; and language of mathematics, 9:502:2068: and mechanics, 4:243: 167; medical. 11:248:69; method in, 5:116:628. 13:318:87; and metrology, 2:233:3; mode of thought in, 2:228: 1; and Neyman, 9:366: 1983, 9:366:1984; and optics, 3:381:8; order, 2:413:4; in Poland, 4:496:582; quantitative graphics in, 6:344: 1207; in Romania, 2:402:7; sam- pling, l2:304:53; and L. J. Savage, 1:483:1; and Snedecor. 2: 126:5; in Spain, 9:259:1921; tests, 1:374:1, l2:394:8; in U.S.A., 6:226:1106, 8:227:1711; and H. G. Wells, 7:224: 1446; XVII. 3: 130:8

Staudt. C. G. C. von. 3:245:4 Steel Prizes 1979, 7:460: 1460 Stefan, Peter, 13: 198: 12 Stein, Philip, l3:200:28 Stein’s paradox, 5: 125:726 Steiner, Jakob, 8: 113: 1569, l2:302:21 Steiner-Lehmus theorem, 2: 1 IS:1 Steiner systems, 12: 193:24 Steinhaus, Hugo, 1:485:1, 13:315:49 Steinitz, Ernst, 13:92:36, 13:203:48 Steklov, V. A., 5:372:824, 8:227:1710,

10:256:2281 Stenius, Erik, 2:246:3 Stern, M. A., 6:477:1278 Stevin, Simon, 1:115:1, 4:374:346, 4:483:418,

7:466:1526, 10:143:2187, 13:91:28 Stewartson, Keith, 13:206:69 Stieltjes, Thomas Jan, 6:341:1176, U:94:45 Stifel, Michael, 1:234:2, 1:364: 1, 3:256:7,

4:126:143, 7:105:1350 Stirling, James, 13:313:25

stochastic processes, 1:229:2, 1:238:2 Stoilov, Simion, 1:507:6 Stokes’ theorem, 3:119:3, 6:477:1275 Stone, Marshall H., 4: 116:7, 4: 116:8 Stone-Weierstrass approximation theorem,

3:502:8 Stonehenge, 4:493:534, 6: 102:998 Strang, Gilbert, 4:497:591 Strassburg University, 7:222:1424 Strong, Theodore, 5:121:678, 9:364:1959 structure of mathematics, history of,

13:319:100 Struik, Dirk J., 3:244:1 Studia Mothematica, 2:124:3 Sturm, C. J. K. F., 3:257:5 Sturm-Liouville theory, l2:95:53 Sturmian theory, 4:487:467 styles of mathematical thought, l2:396:35,

13:313:18 Subkhankulov, Magalim Akramovich, obitu-

ary, 6~47711277 subscription lists, for books, 2:381:2, 3:110:4 Sudan, G., 7:219:1376 sufficiency in statistics, 1:497: 1 Suiseth, Richard, 4:121:74, 11:352:62 Sumerian mathematics, 1:383:2, 4:376:375,

9:364: 1961 sums of squares in algebra, 11:353:73 sundials, 1:382:2, 2:421:4; and conic sections,

1:380:2 superposition, 10:379:2361; in Euclid, 1: 118:5 surveying, 11: 118:71 Sushkevich. A. K., 1:509:3 Svanberg, J., 3:502:7 Swanban, see abacus, Chinese Swedish mathematics, l2:303:40 Sylow’s theorem, 4: 124: 111, 10: 143:2196,

lo:37912362 Sylvester, J. J., 2:109:4, 4:121:73,5:375:858,

6:227: 1121, 7:460: 1458, 9: 126:1834 Sylvester II, Pope, see Gerbert of Aurillac symbolic calculus, 7:465: 1511 symbols, see notation symmetric problems, 10:490:2421 symmetry, 2:400:5; color, 13:207:73 symposium report on history and philosophy

of math, 6:478: 1295 synthesis and analysis, 11: 114:24 system theory, 12: 192: 17; in Jaina school,

10:140:2145 Szabo, A., 8:112:1558 Szasz, Otto, 8116: 1620


Szekeres, George, 4:120:61 Szmeredi, E., 4:485:438 Szmielew, Wanda, obituary, 5:493:936 Szpilrajn, Edward, 8:224: 1677

Tacquet, A., 11:118:68 Takagi, Teija, 4: 125: 129 Talmud, 5:375:852 tangrams, 2:243: I Tannery, Paul, 4: 125: 127 Tardy, Placido, 6:224: 1079, 7: 107: 1360,

7:218:1369 Tarski, Alfred, 2:392: 1 Tartaglia, N., 2: 124: I Tartu University, XVII, 4:373:335 Tauber, Alfred, 12: 192: 13 Tauber’s theorem, 12: 192: 19 Taylor, Brook, 13:313:28 Taylor, Geoffrey Ingram, 3:248:3, 3:383:9 Taylor series, 1:367:4, 1:484:3, 11:247:59 teaching, see under education tensor analysis, 1:351:3, 4:484:426 tensor product, 11: 116:37 terminology: in mathematics and physics,

9:362: 1934; word “mathematics”, 2:379: 1 Terquem, Olry, 10:490:2421 tessellations, 2: 115:6, 5:491:908, 5:491:911 textbooks, 3:250:2; arithmetic, XVIII-XIX,

9:254:1868; with historical content, 1: 117: 1, 1: 122: 1, 1: 123:3, 1:227:4, 1:228:2, 1:249:4, 1:366:1, 1:370:5, 1:509:4, 2:233:5, 2:380:1, 2:415:3, 4:116:2, 4:493:543, l2:93:22, 12:97:70; with historical content, calculus, I?:1 16: 1615; with historical content, Galois theory, 1:23&l; in history of mathematics, 1:487:4, 2:401:5, 4:117:16, 4:483:411, 5:115:617, l3:312:15; in history of mathematics, Danish, 8:225:1691; in history of mathematics, Open Univ., 6:341:1168; in history of mathematics, secondary schools, 2:224:2; in mathematics, U.S.A., 4:246:210; numeration, 4: 119:37; school, 12:396:34; in U.S.A., 3:122:6. 13:314:38

Thabit ibn Qurra, 2:113:4, 2:383:3, 2:389:2, 3:368:4, 3:383:10, 4:371:305, 4:374:343, 6:479: 1298, l3:92:35

Theaetetus of Athens, 6:345: 1221 Thtmon, 3:366:4 Theodorus of Cyrene, 5:125:733, 6:343:1200 Theon of Smyma, 7:466: 1528

Thierfelder. Caspar. 10: 140:2142 Thorn, Rene, 4:248:238 Thomae, Johannes, 6:224: 1087 Thomas, Ivo, 5:121:685 Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin), 1:5OO: 1,

4:251:271, 5:119:657, 13:92:42 three-body problem, 10:254:2263 three-point problem, 1:507:3 Thucydides and probability theory, 5:251:788 Thue, Axel, 4:494:547, 8:226:1704 Thurston. William P., 6:477: 1280, l2:198:80 Tikhonov, A. N., 6:222:1049. 6:222:1051 time, 2:407:6. 4:119:39, 4:119:40, 4:119:41,

4: 119:42, 6:222: 1054; mathematical, 1:249: 1, 8: 118: 1635; and space, 4:373:329

Tims, Sydney Rex, 13:207:74 Titchmarsh, E. C., 10:486:2374, 13:199:19 Titeica, Georges, 11:248:76 Todaramala of Jaipur, 6:223: 1066 Tom, Davies Evan, 4:244: 180 Tompkins, Charles Brown, 3:503:6 Topham, John, 1:507:3 topology, 2:412:1, 3:112:10, 4:493:541,

6: 105: 1034, 7: 104: 1340; and E. W. Chit- tenden, 8:380:1726: compactifications, bibliography of, 6:227: 1120; compactness in, 12:301:7; connectedness in, 7:224: 1456; in Dutch mathematics, 6:341:1171; manifolds in, 3:251:3; point- set, 1:490:4, 13:92:37, 13:92:38; and potential theory, 4: 123: 108; and Johann- Heinrich Rehbein, 6:224:1083; set-theoretic, 6:477:1279, 12:304:42; space concept in, 10:252:2226; in U.S.S.R., 11:243:4; XIX, 4:250:259; see also algebraic topology; general topology

Torporley, Nathaniel, 4:494:560 Torricelli, Evangelista, 4:485:442, 13:313:22 Tosca, Thomas Vincentius, 6:478: 1292 Toscanelli, Paolo, 10:140:2146 trajectories, orthogonal, 8:225:1690 transcendental numbers, 3: 128: 1, 5:491:905 transmission of mathematics, XIX, 8:381:1733 trigonometric functions, 10:377:2338 trigonometry, 3~377~2, 7:220:1399; V-XIV,

Morocco, 7:463: 1491; XV-XVII, 3:500:8 Trost, E., 4:121:72 Trudi, N., 2:385:1 truth, mathematical, 10:375:2314 Tsai-Yu, Chu, 4:488:483 Tschimhausen, E. W., 4: 122:85, 4:374:338 Tumarkin, Lev Abramovich, 5:124:723


Turan, Paul, 8:490: 1767, 8:490: 1768. 8:492: 1791, 8:493: 1805

Turing, A. M., 1:384:3, 3:119:6, 4:121:62, 5: 125:730, 7:220: 1395

Turing machine, 9:254: 1863 Turner, Eric Gardner, lZ:94:35 Tuscan mathematical schools, 10:141:2171 Tiisi, al-Sat&al-Din, 2:231: 1, 10: 142:2173 Titsi, Nasir, see Nasir al-Din al-Ttisi typography, mathematical, 6:476: 1261; see

also printing mathematics Tzitzeica, Georges, 11:248:76

Ukraine S.S.R., 1:493:6, 1:496:4, 1:502:2, 4:117:19

Ulam, Stanislaw, 3:504:6, 5:492:915; selected works of, 3:504:5

undecidability, 3:502:5 unique factorization theorem, 8: 112: 1563 University of, see also under location name University of Alberta, Canada, l2:92: 10 University of Belgrade, 6:224:1077 University of Bonn, 8: 111: 1541 University of Chicago, 4:488:477, 5: 117:637 University of Colorado, 6:339:1135 University of Halle-Wittenberg, 8:382:1751 University of Jassy, 3:251:4 University of Kansas, 4:492:522 University of Louvain, 5:369:791 University of Mexico, 13:314:30 University of Moscow, 8:490:1764 University of Stockholm, 8:381:1734 University of Toronto, 7:223: 1433 University of Wisconsin, AMRC, 1:494: 1 unsolvability, 4:489:494 unsolved problems, 4~3771390 Urban, Alois, l2:307:93 Ursell, Harold Douglas, 13:209:87 Uryson, P. S., 11:243:4 U.S.A.: colonial, 4:486:445, 4:487:458,

12: 198:88; government and mathematics in, 6:101:982; impact in mathematics before 1930, 3:248:7; New England, 1:353:3; quantitative data, XIX, 1:114:3; refugee mathematicians in, 8:383: 1758; statistical services in, 10:374:2301; textbooks, 4:120:52, 4:246:210; to 1886, 6:101:980; 1891-1941, 6:101:981; 1940- 1960, 6:101:984; after 1940, 4: 125: 132; XVII-XIX, 4:117:11, 4:241:151; XVIII, 4: 120:54; XVIII-XIX, 4:117:12; XIX, 4: 122:89; XX, 4: 116:7, 4:116: 10, 4:487:465

U.S.S.R., 1:493:2, 1:505:5. 2:246:1; Academy of Sciences of, 10:252:2239; ancient, 1:498:6; autographs, 11:351:52; education in, 2:410:1, 4:126:141, 4:252:282; Institute for History of Science and Technology, 5: 116:630; organization of sciences in, 9:365:1969; philosophy of mathematics in, 3:118:5; popularizations, 4:244: 181; profession of mathematics in, 8: 113: 1578; studies in history of mathematics, 7:467: 1540, 11: 118:72, 11:245:35; topology in, 11:243:4; V-XIV, 3:500:1; XI-XIII, 4:490:503; XV, 2:420:5; XIX, 4:122:83; see also Belorussia; Estonia: Moldavia; Mongolia; Russian mathematics; Ukraine

utilities problem, 7:463:1496

Vaihinger, Hans, 10: 142:2182 ValdCs, Daza de, 9:259: 1922 Valerio, Luca, 10:254:2256 Valery, Paul, 4:244:183 Vallee Poussin, Ch. J. de la, 11:349:32 Van Den Berg, F. J., 6:342:1181 Van der Corput, J. G., 4~497~587 Van Der Waals, 11:353:79 Van der Waerden, B. L., 2:225:2, 6:342:1180 Van Marum, Martinus, 1:501:2,3:504:2 Van Roomen, Adriaen, 5:116:622 Van Veen, S. C., 7:218:1370 van Vleck, E., 41245~205 Vandiver, Harry S., 3:371:7 variables, XIX, 8: 112:1562 variational methods in statistics, 4:372:309 Varignon, Pierre, 6:341:1165, 8:493:1809 Veblen, 0.. 13:318:80 vector analysis, 1:490:3, 4:374:346, 4:484:430,

10:253:2242,10:486:2366 vector space, finite-dimensional, 7:220: 1396 Vedic mathematics, 1:509:2, 2: 106:4 Vega, Jurij, 3:382: 1 Vekua, I. N., 5:490:891, 6:105:1036 Venn, John, 11:117:57 Venn diagrams, 5~3721822 Ventimiglia, Ruggero, l292: 19 Veranzio, Fausto, 4~252~292 Vermes, Paul, 13:204:53 Verzaglia, Giuseppe S., 9:363: 1942 vibrating string, 4: 121:77 Vi&e, Francois, 2:231:1, 4:121:70, 4:121:71,

4:124:117, 4:375:360, 6:340:1152, 11:243:6, 11~249~79, 12~97~73

Vietnam, 2:225:3, 5:123:704


Vigano, Carlo (collection), 8:226: 1699 Villat, Henri, 3:505: 10 Vincent, A. J. H., 10:250:2202 Vincent, Mr., 6:224:1081, 7:221:1416 Vinogradov, Ivan Matveevich, 13:200:24 Vitelo, see Witelo Vlacq, Adriaan. 7~222: 1426 Vodicka, Vaclav, 8221: 1644 Vogel, Kurt, 11: 115:28 Volterra, Vito, 4: 122:78, 6:222:1052, l2:94:41,

12:192:6, Z&305:60, 13:314:34, 13:314:35 Von der Pol, 2: 112: 1 von Mises, Richard, 11: Il3:7 Von Neumann, John, 1:125:4, 3:503:7,

5: 120:674, 5: 123:701, 5:247:750, 5:376:864, 7:103:1329, 8:493:1807, 11:115:36, 11:350:41

Voss, Aurel, 13:317:74 voting methods, 10:250:2199; see also appor-

tionment in legislative bodies Vranceanu, Gheorghe, 8:490:1766

Wafa, Abu’l, 2: 11 I: 1. 12:94:47 Wallace, Alexander Doniphan, 1:486:3,

2:396:3 Wailer. Derek Arthur, 13:197:8 Wallis, John, 2: 105: 1, 6:228: 1134, 6:340: 1153.

8:383:1762, 11:118:68, 11:244:23. 11:353:78, 13:313:25, 13:319:93

Walsh, Joseph L., 3:128:2 Wang, Hao, 13:319:96 Ward, John, 8:491:1779 Ward, William George, 10:379:2360 Waring’s problem, 4:123:107, 4:246:212,

5: 126:736 Waszak. Stanislaw. 4:496:583 water, gas and electricity problem, 7:463:1496 wave theory of light, 2:405:2 Weatherbum, Charles Ernest, 4:483:414 Weaver, Warren, 6:476:1256 Weber, Heinrich, 10:251:2218 Wedderbum, J. H. M., 12: 197:75 Weierstrass, Karl, 1:221:2, 3:369:4, 3:374:1,

4:247:224, 5:490:890, 6:226:1109, 7:221:1408

Weierstrass zeta function, 2:392:7 weighing, l2:397:37 Weil, Andre, 3:507:3 Weil conjectures, 3:253:2 Weimar Republic, 9:367:2004 Weissenbom, Hermann, 3:123:3 Weizmann Institute, 4:497:599

Wells, H. G., 6:224:1086; and statistics, 7:224: 1446

Wending, Mei, 9:256: 1893 Wessel, Caspar, 2:245:3, 7~22211432 Weyl, Hermann, 2:121:1 Wheeler, Anna Johnson Pell, 9:363: 1950 Wheeler, D. S., 7:218:1374 Whewell, William, 11:243:7, 13:94:61 Whiston, William, 1:245:3 White, Francis Puryer, 13:203:46 White, Thomas, 4:246:207 Whitehead, Alfred North, 4:121:73, 5:376:865,

6:474:1238, 11:348:9, l2:305:56 Whitehead problem, 4:247:221 Whybum, G. T., 6:342: 1187 Whybum, William M., 3:382:8 Widmann, Johannes, 8115: 1597 Wiechert, Emil, 12:198:83 Wiener, Norbert, 3:112:9, 4:491:519,

8:493:1807, 10:140:2144 Wilbraham, Henry, 1:224:2, 2: 116:6, 2:226:8,

10: 140:2141 Wilder, R. L., 1:358:2, 6:342:1187, 6:342:1188,

6:342: 1189, 10:490:2415 Wilkes, M. V., 3:508:2, 4:246:211, 7:218:1374 Wilks, S. S., 3:254:7, 4:123:100, 4:378:400 William of Ockham, 2: 115:3 Williams, W. L. G., 3:372:7, 3:379:4,

5:119:665 Wilson, B. M., 10:378:2349 Wilson, J. M., 12:304:51 Wilson, Rowland, 13:205:57 Wiskundig Genootschap, 7:219:1390 Witelo, 1:507:5, 2:231:3, 5:374:842, 6:222:1053 Witt, J. de, 3:501:1 Witt, Richard, 9:365:1970 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 3: 125:5, 4: 117:22,

5:489:880, 7:467:1536, 13:93:51, 13:319:96 Wolff, Christian, 3:122:2 Wolff, Georg, obituary, 8:223:1671 women in mathematics: bibliography of,

1:487: 1, 6:99:952; black, 9:501:2049; Boykan interview, 4:377:393; collected biographies, 1:354:5, 4:492:526, 6:102:988, 6:223:1065, 6:224:1068, 6:344:1217, 9:126:1846; in combinatorics, 4:373:332, 6:344: 1216; doctorates of, 3:373:7; early study of, 3:377:5; educational environ- ment of, 4:483:408; in Great Britain, XVIII, 7:224: 1452; at Johns Hopkins, 4:377:391; and Ladies’ Diary, 6:225: 1088; sociological study of, 3:116:2; in U.S.A.,


2:113:1, 2:407:5; XVIII, 8:116:1613; 1974 survey, 3:505:9

Woodhouse, Robert, 8:490:1770 workshops, l2:194:35; Boston 1974, 3: 112: 1;

social history, 7:221:1421 World War II, 10: 142:2176 Wren, Christopher, 10:373:2293 Wren, Thomas Lancaster, 13: 196: 1 Wronski, J. M. H., 7:460:1463, 7:465:1515 Wundt, W., 9:364:1964

Yang Hui, 1:223:5, 5:248:756, 9:258:1914 Yanovskaya, S. A., 21239~2 Yates, Robert C., 2: 107:2 Yavanajataka of Sphujidhvaja, 5:370:797 Yoshida, Mitsuyoshi, l3:94:59 Young, Alfred, 5: 116:626 Young, Grace Chisholm, 1:505:1, 1:510:2,

2:225:4,2:246:2,5:123:703 Young, Laurence Chisholm, reminiscences,

8:228:1721 Young, Thomas, 1:225: 1 Young, William Henry, 1:505:1, 1:510:2,

2~225~4, 21246~2, 2:387:3, 10:490:2422

Yugoslavian mechanics, 3:503:8 Yunus, ibn, 1:245:2 Yushkevich, A. P., 4:376:373; bibliography,

4:122:86

Zalcman, Lawrence, 4:248:241 Zariski, Oscar, 1:240: 1, 1:499: 1 Zeeman, E. C., 5:117:639 Zehfuss, Johann Georg, 11: 116:37, 12: 194:39 Zeno, 3:117:2, 3:128:5, 3:128:6, 4:241:154,

10:490:2417 Zermelo, Ernst, 2:225:6, 4:249:252,

6:345:1223, 6:478:1291, 9:126:1832, 10:139:2136, 10:141:2162, 10:253:2253, 12~302~22

zero, 4:488:474 zeta functions, 3:115:3; see also Riemann zeta

function; Weierstrass zeta function Zhevlakov, Konstantin Aleksandrovich,

3:500:2 Zhukovskii, N. E., 1:504:5, 2:418:1 Zimbabwe mathematics, 1:235: 1 Zom’s lemma, 5:251:778 Zuse, Konrad, 8:228:1722 Zygmund, Antoni, 7:460:1460

Documents

Subject Index of Publications Abstracted in Volumes 1-13May’s Bibliography and Research Manual of the History of Mathematics (University of Toronto, 1973). The subject terms used