Sub- Saharan Africa refers to those countries that are a. South of the Sahara Desertb. In the Sahara Desertc. North of the Sahara Desertd. East of the Nile River

TEKS 1A,C; 6A; 19B; 26C

GeographyAfrica is split into 2 parts

• Saharan Africa 40% of Continent• Sub-Saharan Africa 60% of Continent• Africa is the 2nd largest continent after Asia• Tropical Rainforests make up 5% of Continent

Saharan Desert

savanna

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/07._Camel_Profile,_near_Silverton,_NSW,_07.07.2007.jpg

Africa has few harbors or ports

Rivers are hard to navigate

Farmland and grassland take up 40% of continent. Farming and ranching take up most of the grassland.

NAME OF KINGDOM

Location

Economy

Type of government

Important points

Ghana •Located south of the Sahara Desert in West Africa

•Economy based on trading, mining, farming & cattle ranching

•Government - Monarchy

•Important Points

•City of Timbuktu- Leading center for culture, education and Islam in Africa

•Controlled the Salt & Gold trade routes between west & north Africa

Mali •Located southeast of Ghana: later grew to include all of Ghana

•Economy based on trading, mining (Gold & Salt)

•Government - Monarchy: Mansa Musa (King)

•Important Points

•@1300 was the largest empire in the world

•Center of the spread of Islam in Africa

Songhai•Located east of Mali

•Economy based on trading, mining

•Government - Monarchy

•Important Points

•Practiced Islam

•Famous rulers: Sonna Ali & Askia Mohammad

Cush•Located south of Egypt on the Nile River

•Economy based on trade, agriculture, iron products

•Government - Monarchy: Capital in Meroe

•Important Points

•Ruled Ancient Egypt for several hundred years

•Developed an alphabet and written language

Axum•Located in Ethiopian Highlands

•Economy based on trade, Agriculture & ivory products

•Government - Monarchy: Rulers of Ethiopia claimed to be the descendants of King Solomon

•Important Points

•Modern day Ethiopia is located in the same geographic area

Zimbabwe•Located in southeast Africa near Zambezi River

•Economy based on trade with city-states in the area

•Government - Monarchy

Kanem-Bornu•Located in central Africa- Modern day Sudan

•Economy based on trade, farming, cattle ranching and mining

•Government - Monarchy

•Had a professional army

•Important Points

•Wealth was based on copper mines

•Practiced Islam as their main religion

Hausa & Fulani•Located in west Africa: Modern day Nigeria

•Economy based on trade & Ivory

•Government - City-states ruled by a Sultan

•Important Points

•Practiced Islam

Forest Kingdoms of West Africa:Benin, Dahomey, Kongo, Asante

•Located in coastal areas of west Africa

•Economy based on slave trade, Farming and Gold

•Government - Monarchy

•Important Points

•Wealth was based on gold and slave trade

Goods Traded from the Sahara desert:

•Salt, Cloth and metals

Goods from south of the Sahara desert:

•Gold, Ivory, Slaves & Spices

Trade Routes

•Across the Sahara Desert from southern Africa to North Africa

•From North to Europe and Asia

Significance:

•Aided in the rise of the African Empires

•Spread Islam through West Africa from the Middle East