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8/3/2019 Suara elektronik
1/4
Suara elektronik[1]
adalah fluktuasi acak dalam sinyal listrik, karakteristik dari semua
elektroniksirkuit. Noise generated by electronic devices varies greatly, as it can be produced
by several different effects.Thermal noiseis unavoidable at non-zero temperature (see
fluctuation-dissipation theorem), while other types depend mostly on device type (such as
shot noise,[ 1 ]
[ 2 ]
which needs steep potential barrier) or manufacturing quality and
semiconductordefects, such as conductance fluctuations, including1/f noise. Kebisinganyang dihasilkan oleh perangkat elektronik sangat bervariasi, karena dapat diproduksi oleh
beberapa efek yang berbeda.kebisingan Thermaltidak dapat dihindari di non-nol suhu (lihat
fluktuasi-disipasi teorema), sementara jenis lain tergantung sebagian besar pada jenis
perangkat (sepertisuara tembakan,[ 1]
[2]
yang perlu curam penghalang potensial) atau
kualitas manufaktur dansemikonduktorcacat, seperti fluktuasi konduktansi, termasuk
kebisingan 1 / f.
Incommunication systems, the noise is an error or undesired random disturbance of a useful
information signal, introduced before or after the detector and decoder. Dalamsistem
komunikasi, kebisingan merupakan kesalahan atau gangguan acak yang tidak diinginkan dari
sinyal informasi yang berguna, diperkenalkan sebelum atau setelah detektor dan decoder. Thenoise is a summation of unwanted or disturbing energy from natural and sometimes man-
made sources. Kebisingan adalah penjumlahan energi yang tidak diinginkan atau
mengganggu dari sumber-sumber alam dan kadang-kadang buatan manusia. Noise is,
however, typically distinguished frominterference, (egcross-talk, deliberatejammingor
other unwantedelectromagnetic interferencefrom specific transmitters), for example in the
signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),signal-to-interference ratio(SIR) andsignal-to-noise plus
interference ratio(SNIR) measures. Kebisingan adalah, bagaimanapun, biasanya dibedakan
darigangguan, (misalnyacross-talk, sengajakemacetanatau lainnya yang tidak diinginkan
gangguan elektromagnetikdari pemancar tertentu), misalnya dalamrasio signal-to-noise
(SNR),sinyal-ke-rasio interferensi(SIR ) dansinyal-to-noise rasio interferensi ditambah
(SNIR) mengukur. Noise is also typically distinguished fromdistortion, which is an
unwanted alteration of the signal waveform, for example in thesignal-to-noise and distortion
ratio(SINAD). Noise juga biasanya dibedakan daridistorsi, yang merupakan perubahan
yang tidak diinginkan dari gelombang sinyal, misalnya dalamsinyal-kebisingan-dan rasio
distorsi(SINAD). In a carrier-modulated passband analog communication system, a certain
carrier-to-noise ratio(CNR) at the radio receiver input would result in a certainsignal-to-
noise ratioin the detected message signal. Dalam sistem komunikasi carrier-termodulasi
passband analog, tertenturasio carrier-to-noise(CNR) pada masukan penerima radio akan
menghasilkan tertenturasio signal-to-noisepada sinyal pesan terdeteksi. In a digital
communications system, a certainEb /N0(normalized signal-to-noise ratio) would result in
a certainbit error rate(BER). Dalam sistem komunikasi digital, tertentuEb /N0(dinormalkan sinyal-to-noise rasio) akan menghasilkan tertentutingkat kesalahan bit(BER).
While noise is generally unwanted, it can serve a useful purpose in some applications, such as
random number generationordithering. Sementara kebisingan umumnya tidak diinginkan,
dapat melayani tujuan yang berguna dalam beberapa aplikasi, sepertigenerasi nomor acak
ataudithering.
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http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_%28electronics%29&usg=ALkJrhjj8NqwAQJH4w4qpIT1kjae_Xo7Pg#cite_note-noise-0http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_%28electronics%29&usg=ALkJrhjj8NqwAQJH4w4qpIT1kjae_Xo7Pg#cite_note-noise-0http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_%28electronics%29&usg=ALkJrhjj8NqwAQJH4w4qpIT1kjae_Xo7Pg#cite_note-noise-0http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics&usg=ALkJrhi0iYcaAmwctdrXBQMso91zeaeFuAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_circuit&usg=ALkJrhiQcFBcDyEPAWEFX4iHVCpkY1L7EAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_circuit&usg=ALkJrhiQcFBcDyEPAWEFX4iHVCpkY1L7EAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_circuit&usg=ALkJrhiQcFBcDyEPAWEFX4iHVCpkY1L7EAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_noise&usg=ALkJrhiJxyY0Yim5zzDasguQXVi0_nd2Rwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_noise&usg=ALkJrhiJxyY0Yim5zzDasguQXVi0_nd2Rwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_noise&usg=ALkJrhiJxyY0Yim5zzDasguQXVi0_nd2Rwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation-dissipation_theorem&usg=ALkJrhh1M7PhqP7ycRq0nA2ntW-7wWqCrAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation-dissipation_theorem&usg=ALkJrhh1M7PhqP7ycRq0nA2ntW-7wWqCrAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_noise&usg=ALkJrhgalLt5gpr_JFphe5eqWYzz2YbRUAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_noise&usg=ALkJrhgalLt5gpr_JFphe5eqWYzz2YbRUAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_%28electronics%29&usg=ALkJrhjj8NqwAQJH4w4qpIT1kjae_Xo7Pg#cite_note-noise-0http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_%28electronics%29&usg=ALkJrhjj8NqwAQJH4w4qpIT1kjae_Xo7Pg#cite_note-noise-0http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_%28electronics%29&usg=ALkJrhjj8NqwAQJH4w4qpIT1kjae_Xo7Pg#cite_note-shot-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_%28electronics%29&usg=ALkJrhjj8NqwAQJH4w4qpIT1kjae_Xo7Pg#cite_note-shot-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_%28electronics%29&usg=ALkJrhjj8NqwAQJH4w4qpIT1kjae_Xo7Pg#cite_note-shot-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor&usg=ALkJrhjtQ1FxEDVkvYJ4chvz4pwCsDB_cQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor&usg=ALkJrhjtQ1FxEDVkvYJ4chvz4pwCsDB_cQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1/f_noise&usg=ALkJrhjneGJ080axcUMAlnZabcVqup-fxghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1/f_noise&usg=ALkJrhjneGJ080axcUMAlnZabcVqup-fxghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1/f_noise&usg=ALkJrhjneGJ080axcUMAlnZabcVqup-fxghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_noise&usg=ALkJrhiJxyY0Yim5zzDasguQXVi0_nd2Rwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&u=http://en.wikipedia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1 Types1 Jeniso 1.1 Thermal noise1.1 Thermal noiseo 1.2 Shot noise1,2 Ditembak kebisingano 1.3 Flicker noise1,3 Flicker kebisingano 1.4 Burst noise1,4 Burst kebisingano 1.5 Avalanche noise1,5 kebisingan Longsor
2 Quantification2 Kuantifikasi 3 Dither3 Dither 4 See also4 Lihat juga 5 Notes5 Catatan 6 References6 Referensi 7 Further reading7 Bacaan lebih lanjut 8 External links8 Pranala luar
[edit] Types [sunting] Jenis
[edit] Thermal noise [sunting] kebisingan Thermal
Main article:JohnsonNyquist noiseArtikel utama:Johnson-Nyquist kebisingan
JohnsonNyquist noise[ 1 ]
(sometimes thermal , Johnson or Nyquist noise ) isunavoidable, and generated by the random thermal motion of charge carriers (usually
electrons), inside anelectrical conductor, which happens regardless of any appliedvoltage.
Johnson-Nyquist kebisingan[1]
(kadang-kadang panas, Johnson atau Nyquist kebisingan)
tidak dapat dihindari, dan dihasilkan oleh gerakan termal acak dari pembawa muatan
(biasanyaelektron), dalam sebuahkonduktor listrik, yang terjadi meskipun ada diterapkan
tegangan.
Thermal noise is approximatelywhite, meaning that itspower spectral densityis nearly
equal throughout thefrequency spectrum. Kebisingan termal adalah sekitarputih, yang
berarti bahwa perusahaankepadatan spektral dayahampir sama di seluruhspektrum
frekuensi. The amplitude of the signal has very nearly aGaussianprobability density
function. Amplitudo sinyal telah sangat mendekati sebuahGaussianprobabilitas fungsi
kepadatan. A communication system affected by thermal noise is often modeled as an
additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel. Sebuah sistem komunikasi dipengaruhi olehkebisingan termal sering dimodelkan sebagaiaditif Gaussian kebisingan putihsaluran
(AWGN).
Theroot mean square(RMS) voltage due to thermal noise v n , generated in a resistanceR (
ohms) over bandwidth f(hertz), is given by Pararoot mean square(RMS) tegangan
akibat kebisingan termal v n, dihasilkan dalam tahananR (ohm) atas bandwidth f(hertz),
diberikan oleh
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