ST.XAVIER’S SCHOOLS-CHANDIGARH, PANCHKULA, MOHALI, ZIRAKPUR

CLASS-VIII ENGLISH WORKSHEET 8 TOPIC-FUTURE TENSE

Definition

The future tense is used to express an action that is likely to take place in future.

The future tense has four forms:-

1. Simple future tense 2. Future continuous tense 3. Future perfect tense 4. Future perfect continuous

tense.

We know that will, shall and going to are used to express actions in future tense.

1.SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE/FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE

Will and shall is used with verbs in the simple future tense.

Simple future tense is used:-

To express an action which will take place in future

Ex-People will support the fight against corruption.

To express planned or intended action in future

Ex- I will pick up my friend in the afternoon.

To refer to a general statement about the future

Ex- The sensex will crumble down as the oil prices are rising.

For suggesting an intention or decision that was made

earlier to do something in the near future.(eg Sohan is going to shift to Agra next week.)

form to predict a future action when there is clear indication that it will happen.(eg-The baby is going

to catch a cold because it is not wearing a cap.)

when we decide to do something at the time of speaking

Ex-I will have a glass of orange juice.

To express something that will definitely happen

Ex-The scheme will be launched next month.

To express the views of the speaker

Ex –I will consult a specialist for my eye problem.

To offer to do something

Ex-I will make a cup of coffee for the guests.

To requests somebody to do something

Ex-Will you bring my bag, please?

GOING TO

Will

To promise to do something

Ex-I will bring a golf set for you.

Shall is mainly used to ask questions, to give suggestions or to make offers.

Ex-Shall I lay the table for dinner?

SECTIONAL RECAPITULATION

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with ‘will’ or ‘going to’ form:-

1. Reema has fractured her leg.She ____ take rest at home from today onwards.

2. It is time to close the shop .The shopkeeper ____ pull down the shutter any moment.

3. The fisherman _____ row the boat cautiously as the river seems to be rising.

The future continuous tense is used:-

To indicate an action that will be going on in future

Ex-She will be joining a coaching centre for tuitions.

To refer to a pre-scheduled future plan

Ex-The manager will be meeting the new clients on Monday.

To refer to a longer on going future action interrupted by another shorter future action

Ex-Sohan will be studying when you reach home.

KINDS OF SENTENCES FORMULAS

AFFIRMATIVE/POSITIVE/SIMPLE S+will/shall+V1+O.

NEGATIVE

S+will/shall+not+V1+O.

INTERROGATIVE

Will/shall+S+V1+O?

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Will/shall+S+not+V1+O?

2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Shall

FORMULAS OF SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF SENTENCES

SECTIONAL RECAPITULATION

Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with future progressive tense:-

1. She ____ (write) to you in a few days.

2. I ____ (not go) to town again this week.

3. If everything goes well, Ted ___ (marry) Lucy on the coming Sunday.

RECAPITULATION

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets in the simple future or

the future continuous tense:-

Students are taught to solve most numericals on the basis of various formulae. There ____ (be) many short

cut methods being used by others for a variety of calculations but none of them _____ (help) them in an

examination situation unless they regularly practise using such methods. Only that____ (enable) them to

increase their speed and accuracy. Such methods ____ (assist) them only if they are sure about its

application .While they ____ (solve) numericals in any upcoming examination, they should not get confused

or make errors.

ANSWER KEY OF WORKSHEET 7

Ex 1 1.had discovered 2.had spoken 3.had left 4.had cooked 5.had given

Ex 2 1.had been meeting 2.had been boiling 3.had been flying 4.had been trying 5.had been playing

Ex 3 1.settled 2.had bought 3.was preparing 4.held,discussed 5.had been making

KINDS OF SENTENCES EXAMPLES

AFFIRMATIVE/POSITIVE/SIMPLE S+will/shall be +V1+ing+O

NEGATIVE

S+will/shall+not+be+V1+ing+O.

INTERROGATIVE

Will/shall+S+be+V1+ing+O?

NEGATIVE/INTERROGATIVE

Will/shall+S+not+be+V1+ing+O?

The answer key of Worksheet 8 will be attached with Worksheet 9

FORMULAS OF FUTURE PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS TENSE IN DIFFERENT

KINDS OF SENTENCES

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Punjabi class 8 worksheet 8

( For Chandigarh and panchkula branches )

Punjabi class 8 worksheet 7 (answer key)

( For chandigarh and panchkula branches )

SANSKRIT (FOR PANCHKULA BRANCH ONLY) CLASS-8 WORKSHEET-6

Class 8 Punjabi Worksheet-6 ( for Mohali & Zirakpur Branches only)

Answer Key for Punjabi Worksheet-5 (Mohali and Zirakpur)

ST. XAVIER’S SCHOOLS, CHANDIGARH/PANCHKULA/MOHALI/ZIRAKPUR

CLASS – VIII S.ST WORKSHEET – 8(GEOGRAPHY)

CHAPTER – 3 (MIGRATION) (IN CONTINUATION)

Internal Migration – Internal migration refers to people within a country moving to another

location within the borders.

It can be classified into four migration streams –

a) Rural-to- Rural – Under this people move from one village to another. Marriage, lack of

work and seasonality of work etc. are some factors responsible for rural to rural

migration. The introduction of GREEN REVOLUTION in Punjab, Haryana and Western

Uttar Pradesh in 1960s generated considerable migration of labour force from depressed

areas of eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar to these areas. They all migrated in search of

better economic opportunities. Similarly thousands of villagers have moved to plantations

in Bengal and Assam as labourers.

b) Rural-to-Urban – Under this people migrate from one rural area to towns or metro cities.

Poverty and unemployment are the two main factors.

PUSH FACTORS- Poverty, unemployment, low and uncertain wages, uneconomic land

holdings and poor educational facilities are the main push factors in rural areas.

PULL FACTORS –The pull factors of urban areas may include better employment

opportunities, regular and high wages, fixed working hours, better educational facilities

and socio- cultural activities.

c) Urban-to-Urban – Under this people migrate from small towns with fewer facilities to

large cities or metro cities with more facilities. This is the reason that metro cities have

grown at a much faster rate as compared to other towns.

d) Urban-to-Rural –Such a movement takes place at the advanced stage of urbanization

when urban centers are characterized by over-congestion, haphazard growth, high cost of

living, heavy pressure on public utility services and unemployment etc.

CAUSES OF MIGRATION

ECONOMIC FACTOR – Most of the studies indicate that migration is primarily

motivated by economic factors. In developing countries, low agricultural income,

agricultural unemployment, and lack of alternative sources of income are the basic

factors pushing the migrants towards developed areas with greater job opportunities.

Better employment opportunities, higher wages, better working conditions and

attractive amenities are pull factors of an area.

MARRIAGE –Marriage is a very important social factor of migration. In rural areas

most of the girls have to migrate to their in-law’s place of residence after marriage.

EDUCATION – Rural areas by and large, lack educational facilities, especially those of

higher education, so rural people have to migrate to urban centers for this purpose.

Many of them settle down in cities for earning a livelihood after completing their

education.

LACK OF SECURITY – Political disturbances and interethnic conflicts drive people away

from their homes. Large people have migrated out of Jammu and Kashmir and Assam during

the last few years due to disturbed conditions there.

CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION

Migration affects the areas, areas of origin of migration and the areas of destination of the

migrant population.

DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES- Migration leads to unbalanced

demographic distribution of population within the country. Only the able bodied

young people migrate from villages to cities or to other countries in search of jobs

and the rest of the family members stay back. This leads to serious imbalances in

age and sex ratio particularly in areas of high out-migration like Uttarakhand,

Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Eastern Maharashtra.

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES- Migration results in interaction between varied

cultures and leads to their diffusion. The receiving areas receive people belonging

to different cultures through migration which leads to cultural interaction and

enrichment. Family breakdown, fragmentation of social networks and psychosocial

stress are negative impacts of migration.

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES - Migration of people, just as international trade,

has a direct impact on both the sending country and the receiving country. The

receiving country gains as immigration increases the supply of labour, which

increases employment, production and thus national income. Adverse effects of

immigration include loss of jobs for the locals, heavy burden on natural resources

and public services. High skilled emigration or the so called “BRAIN DRAIN” can

imply a loss of public resources for the sending country. Although the sending

country gains through migrants as they transfer their earning to their home

country in the form of foreign exchange. But the sending country loses due to

reduction in skilled workforce which is critical for productivity and economic

growth.

EXERCISE

Answer the following questions –

Q1- What is internal migration?

Q2- State any two factors responsible for rural to rural migration.

Q3- State any two factors responsible for urban to rural migration.

Q4- State any two push factors responsible for rural to urban migration.

Q5- Analyse social consequences of migration.

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CLASS - VIII

Answer key of S.ST Worksheet- 7 (HISTORY)

EXERCISE

1) Short Questions:

a) Why was there a civil war among the Marathas?

Ans) Bahadur Shah I, who succeeded Aurangzeb in 1707, released Shahu. This resulted in a civil

war over the Maratha throne between Shahu and Shivaji III.

b) What role did the Maratha chiefs play in territorial expansion?

Ans) Balaji Vishwanath secured Mughal recognition for Shahu as the rightful ruler of the Marathas.

Baji Rao I made peace between Satara and Kohlapur. Maratha chiefs like Sindhia of Gwalior,

Bhonsle of Nagpur, Gaekwad of Baroda and Holkar of Indore extended Maratha control up to the

outskirts of Delhi by 1737.

c) Name some Maratha chiefs who became almost independent of the Peshwa’s control. Ans) Some of chiefs like Sindhia in Gwalior,Bhonsle in Nagpur, Gaekwad in Baroda and Holkar in Indore became almost independent of the Peshwa’s control.

2) Long questions:

a) The Marathas became a major political force under the Peshwa’s. In this context, answer the

following questions:

i) How did the the Peshwa gradually become the real ruler of the Marathas?

Ans) Bahadur Shah I, who succeeded Aurangzeb in 1707, released Shahu. This resulted in a civil

war over the Maratha throne between Shahu and Shivaji III. Shahu emerged more powerful with

the help of Balaji Vishwanath, a shrewd revenue officer. While Shahu established his capital at

Satara, Shivaji III established his capital at Kohlapur. Constant warfare between Satara and

Kolhapur kept Shahu totally preoccupied. He grew increasingly dependent on Balaji Vishwanath,

whom he made his Peshwa, or chief minister. Gradually, the Peshwa became the real ruler of the

Marathas.

ii) Give an account of Maratha expansion under Baji Rao I.

Ans) The Maratha kingdom expanded under Baji Rao I. However, this expansion was mainly carried

out by the personal armies of the Maratha chiefs and not by the Peshwa’s troops. By 1737,

Maratha influence extended over Malwa, Gujarat,Bundelkhand and the outskirts of Delhi. Baji Rao

I captured Salsette and Bassein on the Konkan Coast from the Portuguese.

b) Narrate the events that led to the Third Battle of Panipat. Why did the Maratha fail in the

battle?

Ans) In 1757, the Marathas helped the Mughal Emperor by removing the agent posted in Delhi by

Ahmad Shah Abdali. In 1758, they took Sirhind and Lahore from the Afghans. All this made war

between Marathas and the Afghans inevitable.

CAUSES OF MARATHA FAILURE:

The Marathas did not receive any local support. They had made enemies of the local powers by

raiding their territories and had made no effort to win over their loyalty. As a result, the Maratha

army was desperately short of supplies on the eve of the war. The Marathas also made the

mistake of not adopting modern military techniques and weapons. Besides, they were weakened

by infighting among their chiefs.

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ST. XAVIERS SCHOOLS, CHANDIGARH, PANCHKULA, MOHALI AND ZIRAKPUR

SUBJECT:-CHEMISTRY CLASS: - VIII TOPIC:-HYDROGEN

Assignment:-

1) Name the lightest element and the lightest gas Known.

2) In a reaction, one element displaces another from its compound to form a new compound. What is

the reaction called?

3) By which method is Hydrogen gas collected? Explain your answer.

4) What gases collect at different electrodes in the electrolysis of acidulated water?

5) Describe how is hydrogen prepared in the laboratory. Explain why Nitric acid is not used in the

process?

6) A reactive metal like potassium, sodium or calcium displaces ___________ from water.

7) Magnesium reacts with steam to form _______ and _______.

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Answer Key of Science Worksheet- 7 (Physics)

Ans 1: a) Volatile liquids such as alcohol and spirit evaporate much faster than water.That is why

volatile liquids are stored in tightly closed bottles

b) Rate of evaporation is more when the area of exposed surface is more. As area exposed in a dish is more,

therefore, evaporation is faster in a dish than in a bottle.

Ans 2: a) True

b) False

c) False

Ans 3: Naphthalene balls undergo sublimation process and directly changes into vapour and with time they

become small in size.

Ans 4: a) Camphor, ammonium chloride

b) Alcohol, spirit

Ans 5: In hot summer days, water remains cool in earthen pots. The reason is that water from earthen pot

seeps out on the surface through the pores in the pot and it evaporates. The heat required for evaporation is

taken from water inside the pot which therefore gets cooled.

Ans 6:a) Sublimation is the process by which a solid when heated, directly changes into its vapour without

first changing into liquid.

Application of sublimation: It is used in purification of substances such as iodine, benzoic acid, ammonium

chloride.

b) Evaporation is a process by which a liquid changes into vapour. The change of state from liquid to

vapour at all temperatures from the surface of a liquid is called evaporation.

Application of evaporation: Evaporation of sweat from our body helps to maintain body temperature at

37OC.

Ans 7:a) With the increase in humidity, the evaporation rate decreases.

Ans 8: When a liquid changes into vapour, it requires heat. This heat is supplied by the surroundings of the

liquid that results in fall in the temperature (or cooling) in the surroundings.

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SUBJECT – MATHS CLASS – VIII WORKSHEET– 8

(CUBE ROOTS)(in continuation with previous worksheet…..)

CUBE ROOT: Cube root of a number n is that number which when multiplied by itself three

times gives n as the product

NOTE: Cube root is the inverse operation of finding the cube.

For Example: 23 = 8 cube root of 8 is 2 (i.e. 3 8 = 2)

53 = 125 cube root of 125 is 5 (i.e. 3 125 = 5)

and 73 = 343 cube root of 343 is 7 (i.e. 3 343 = 7)

CUBE ROOT OF A NUMBER BY PRIME FACTORISATION METHOD

A perfect cube can always be expressed as the product of triplets of equal prime factors.

METHOD TO FIND CUBE ROOT OF A NUMBER:

1. Express the given numbers as the product of primes.

2. Make groups in triplets of the same prime.

3. Taking one factor from each triplet of primes. Multiply them together, the product so

obtained is the required cube root of the given number.

Example 1: Find the cube root of 1728 by prime factorisation.

Solution: Expressing the number 1728 into prime factors, we have

1728 = (2 × 2 × 2 ) × ( 2 × 2 × 2 ) × ( 3 × 3 × 3)

3 1728 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12

Hence, cube root of 1728 is 12.

Example 2: By what smallest number should 55125 be multiplied so that the product

becomes a perfect cube? Also find the cube root of the product.

Solution: Expressing the given number 55125 into its prime factors, we have

55125 = 3 × 3 × (5 × 5 × 5) × 7 × 7

Now as you can see that the prime factor 5 occurs thrice while prime factors 3 and 7 occur twice.

Therefore, the smallest number by which the given number must be multiplied so that the product is

a perfect cube is 3 × 7 i.e. 21

Then product, 55125 × 3 × 7 = (3 × 3 × 3) × (5 × 5 × 5) × (7 × 7 × 7)

Cube root of the product = 3 × 5 × 7 = 105

Example 3: Find the Cube root of (-512)

Solution: As we know that 3 512 = - 3 512

Expressing 512 into prime factors, we have

512 = (2 × 2 × 2) × (2 × 2 × 2) × (2 × 2 × 2)

3 512 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8 Therefore, 3 512 = - 3 512 = -8

CUBE ROOT OF PRODUCT OF INTEGERS

We have 3 ab = (ab)1/3

= (a)1/3

× (b)1/3

= 3 a × 3 b 3 ab = 3 a × 3 b

Example 4: Evaluate 3 6427

Solution: Using the above relation, we can write

3 6427 = 3 27 × 3 64

3 6427 = 3 333 × 3 )222()222( = 3 × 2 × 2 = 12

3 6427 = 12

CUBE ROOT OF A RATIONAL NUMBER

We have 3

b

a =

3/1

b

a=

3/1

3/1

b

a =

3

3

b

a 3

b

a =

3

3

b

a

Example 5: Evaluate 3

729

216

Solution: As we know that 3

b

a =

3

3

b

a

Therefore, 3

729

216 =

3

3

729

216 (Expressing 216 and 729 into prime factor, we have)

216 = (2 × 2 × 2) × (3 × 3 × 3) 3 216 = 2 × 3 = 6

Similarly, 729 = (3 × 3 × 3) × (3 × 3 × 3) 3 729 = 3 × 3 = 9

Therefore, 3

729

216 =

9

6 =

3

2

Example 6: Find the cube root of the number 9.261

Solution: 3 261.9 = 3

1000

9261 =

3

3

1000

9261 =

3

3

555222

777333

=

52

73

=

10

21 = 2.1

Therefore, 3 261.9 = 2.1

Example 7: The volume of a cube is 5832 m3. Find the length of its sides.

Solution: Let the side of a cube be ‘a’ meters

As we know that, Volume of cube = (side)3

5832 = a3 a = 3 5832

a = 3 333333222 = 2 × 3 × 3 = 18

Hence, the length of the side of the cube = 18 m

SOME PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Find the cube root of each of the following numbers by prime factorization method:

(i)35937 (ii) 21952 (iii) 32768 (iv) 157464 (v) 59319

2. Find the cube root of the following numbers:

(i) 19.683 (ii) - 1331

64 (iii) 4

27

17 (iv) 0.216

3. Evaluate: 3 27 + 3 008.0 + 3 064.0

4. By what smallest number should 6561 be multiplied so that the product becomes a perfect

cube. Also find the cube root of the product.

5. The Volume of a cuboidal box is 21952 m3. Find the length of side of the box.

ANSWER KEY OF MATHS WORKSHEET – 7

1. (i) 648 (ii) 8640

2. (i) 18 (ii) 42 (iii) 25

3. (i) 3 (ii) 2 (iii) 9; 3 46656 = 36

4. (i) – 4913 (ii) - 40729

631

5. (i) even (ii) odd (iii) odd (iv) even

6. (i) 2 (ii) 5 (iii) 3 (iv) 7

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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS WORKSHEET-7 CLASS-8

CHAPTER- OPERATING SYSTEM AND GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE – ROLE AND

FUNCTIONS

TOPIC : USER INTERFACE

The user interface is the point of human-computer interaction and communication in a device.

USER INTERFACE

As we know, interface is the point where two systems meet and interact with each other. Similarly in

computing, user interface refers to the hardware-software mechanism by which a user interacts with the

computer to pass instructions to it. The operating system of a computer acts as an interface through

which a user gives commands or instructions to the computer and also receives messages from the

computer. Without the operating system, interaction between a user and a computer is not possible.

TYPES OF USER INTERFACE

CUI (CHARACTER USER INTERFACE)

This interface requires the user to type commands in order to interact with the computer system, this

type of interface is not a good choice for the beginners as they have to memorize a good range of

different commands. Character User Interface is also known as Command Line Interface (CLI). A

command line is a space on the display screen in which commands are typed in by the user.

UNIX and DOS are the popular examples of CUI.

GUI (GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE)

This interface is graphics based and interactive in nature. Different devices, such as mouse, keyboard,

etc. are used to interact with the system. GUI is more user friendly as unlike CUI, it does not require the

user to memorize the commands, instead the user uses different menus and options to communicate with

the system.

Windows is the most popular GUI operating system.

USER

INTERFACE

CUI

(CHARACTER USER INTERFACE)

GUI

(GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE)

ADVANTAGES OF GUI OVER CUI

GUI(GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE) CUI(CHARACTER USER INTERFACE)

GUI is interface is much attractive and appealing. CUI is interface is relatively less appealing.

GUI is easier to learn and more user friendly due to

the presence of various graphical elements like icons,

menu, buttons etc.

CUI is a text based interface and hence is not as user

friendly as GUI

With GUI a user does not have to learn the

complicated commands

A user is required to memorize many commands to

operate and control a CUI.

GUI users have Windows that allow a user to work,

view, control, and manipulate multiple programs and

folders at the same time.

CUI does not offer the same ease and ability to work

with multiple programs at once on one screen.

GUI supports the use of both a mouse and keyboard

to control and navigate through your system.

CUI supports the use of a keyboard only.

In GUI, the user mostly gets immediate visual

feedback of the action he is doing. For example, the

user can see immediately that a file is successfully

moved from one directory to another.

In CUI, there is no obvious feedback. If we consider

the same example, or more additional commands will

have to be issued to confirm the file transfer action.

In GUI multiple tasks can run simultaneously at a

time.

Only one task can be executed at a particular point of

time in CUI

DISADVANTAGES OF GUI OVER CUI

GUI(GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE) CUI(CHARACTER USER INTERFACE)

GUI requires more system resources to load the

various graphical elements, such as icons, fonts, etc.

CUI uses less system resources as compared to GUI

GUI is still a bit slower than CUI as it uses both

mouse and keyboard to navigate and control.

CUI uses only a keyboard for navigation and

operation, often resulting in faster performance.

GUI occupies much larger amount of hard disk space

as compared to CUI.

CUI takes up smaller hard disk space.

GUI requires more RAM to run. A character user interface does not need much RAM

to run.

GUI based operating systems are more expensive as

users have to pay the license fee.

CUI based operating systems are less expensive.

USE HINT BOX TO FILL IN THE BLANKS [RAM, text, two, commands, appealing, human-

computer, keyboard, GUI, character user interface,mouse]

1. Full form of CUI is _____.

2. User interface is the point of ____________interaction and communication in a device.

3. GUI supports the use of both a ______ and keyboard.

4. There are __ types of user interface.

5. CUI is ____ based interface.

6. GUI interface is much attractive and ________.

7. _______ is easier to learn and more user friendly.

8. A user is required to learn many ____ to operate and control a CUI.

9. CUI supports the use of a ________ only.

10. GUI required more _______ to run.

ANSWER KEY WORKSHEET-6

USE THIS HINT BOX TO FILL IN THE BLANKS.

(memory, geographical, multi tasking, RTOS, single, problems, two, Microsoft DOS)

1. single user operating system was the initial version of the operating system.

2. A multi processor system consists of several processors that share a common physical memory.

3. Real time operating system is abbreviated as RTOS.

4. The ability to perform more than one task together at one time is called multi tasking.

5. Microsoft DOS is a most popular Single user operating system.

6. RTOS is designed to handle real life scenarios and problems.

7. Distributed OS runs on a set of computers that are located in different geographical areas.

8. There are two types of Real Time Operating system.

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Students are instructed to make subject wise notebooks for all the worksheets.