Epñk1; stVlÁitcéRg 1

stVlÁitcéRg

enARbeTskm¬úCa

stVlÁit elIdMNaMcMkar

2 stVlÁitelIdMNaMcMkar enARbeTskm¬úCa

mCÄmNÐlGURsþalI sRmab´karRsavRCavksikmµGnþrCati ‘eGsuIGayeGGa-ACIAR’ RtUv:nbeg,IteLIgkñúgExmizuna qñaM1982 edaykarseRmcrbs´rdðsPaGURsþalI. eGsuIGayeGGa (ACIAR) eZVIkarCaEpñkmYyénkmµviZIshRbtibtþikarN¾GPivD¿n¾ GnþrCatirbs´RbeTsGURsþalI edaymanebskmµeZVIeGayseRmc:nnUvRbB&nÆksikmµ RbkbedaynirnþPaB nigplitPaBkan´EteRcInsRmab´CaRbeyaCn¾dl´RbeTskMBug GPivD¿ nigRbeTsGURsþalI. eGsuIGayeGGa pþl´siTÆdl´karRsavRCavEdlman kic©shRbtibtþikarN¾rvagGñkRsavRCavRbeTsGURsþalI nigRbeTskMBugGPivD¿enA kñúgtMbn´EdlRbeTsGURsþalImansmtæPaBeZVIkarRsavRCavBiess. eGsuIGayeGGa k*RKb´RKgpgEdrnUvkarcUlrYmrbs´GURsþalI eTAnwgmCÄmNÐlRsavRCavksikmµ GnþrCati§eRbIR:s´Éksar ßeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµénes[vePAenH KWminRtUv:ncat´TukzaCakarKaMRT ßk¾CakarerIseGIgdl´sñaédrbs´mCÄmNÐleLIy.kRmgÉksarelxnarbs´ eGsuIGayeGGa (ACIAR) kRmgÉksarenH manlTÆplénkarRsavRCavedImEdlKaMRTeday eGsuIGay eGGa (ACIAR) ßÉksarenH Edl:nKitzaCab´Tak´TgeTAnwgeKalbMNg GPivD¿n¾ nigRsavRCavrbs´ eGsuIGayeGGa (ACIAR). kRmgÉksarenH KWRtUv:nEckcayCaGnþrCati edayepþatsMxan´eTAelIRbeTskMBugGPivD¿.

© rdðaPi:lGURsþalI 2011ÉksarenHKWrkSasiTÆi. elIkElgEtkareRbIR:s´NamYyEdlRtUv:nGnuBa¦ati man Etgkñúgc|ab´rkSasiTiÆ qñaM1968. KµanEpñkNamYyénÉksarenHGacnwgRtUv:nplit eLIgvij edayKµankarsresrsMukarGnuBa¦atiCamunBIrdðeLIy. ral´karesñIrsMu nigkar sYrnaMepSg>EdlTak´Tgnwgkare:HBum¬eLIgvij nigsiTÆi KYrEtTak´TgCamYyEpñkrdð :lTTYlbnÞúkkargarrkSarsiTiÆrdð naykdðanGK<emZavI kariyal&y Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Barton ACT 2600 or posted www.ag.gov.au/cca.e:HBum¬pSayelIkdMbUgCaPasaGg´eKøs kñúgqñaM2010 CaÉkelxnarbs´ eGsuIGayeGGa (ACIAR) elx143e:HBum¬pSayeday mCÄmNÐlGURsþalIsRmab´karRsavRCav ksikmµGnþrCati ‘eGsuIGayeGGa - (ACIAR)

RbGb´sMbuRt; 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia TUrs&BÞelx; 61 2 6217 0500 aciar@aciar.gov.au

b¨ul can´ZI (Pol C.) esÞBhVanI Eb)lehV{l (Belfield S.) nig r¨Ub)Åt m¨aTIn (Martin R.) 2010. stVlÁitelIdMNaMcMkarenARbeTskm¬úCa. Ékelxnarbs´ eGsuIGayeGGa (ACIAR) elx143a. mCÄmNÐlGU®sþalIsRmab´karRsavRCav ksikmµGnþrCati; kanbWra¨ (Canberra). 132TMB&rACIAR Monograph No. 143a ISBN 978 1 921738 20 3 ‘e:HBum¬’ ISBN 978 1 921738 21 0 ‘eKhTMB&r’RtYtBinitü nigEkrsRmYlbec©keTseday :yy¨Utic (Biotext), Canberrarcnaeday WhiteFox.com.au

bkERbeday elak Ekv KINal´RtYtBinitü nigEkrsRmYlkarbkERbeday elak TUc v¨an´Binitüeday sux munñIr&tñkartMer[btYGkSrExµreday Gl Elg<eKVcCws (All Languages) sIudnIye:HBum¬eday haév¨ RBInZij (Hawaii Printing) RbeTskm¬úCaztrUbeday ExllI Ebkx&r(Kelly Baker), esþBhVanI Eb)lehV{l(Stephanie Belfield), r¨UvINa GIussÞik(Rowena Eastick) h<&rdn h<an´nIg(Gordon Garrad), r¨Ub)Ín h<an´nIg(Robin Gunning), evs lIdham(Wes Leedham), r¨Ub)Åt m¨aTIn (Robin Gunning), Gat´er[n nIcULas´(Adrian Nicholas), can´ZI b¨ul (Chanthy Pol), hVIy¨UNa s,t´(Fiona Scott) nigtan´y¨a sµit(Tanya Smith)

karBnül´bkRsaykñúgTMB&rTI11 13 nig14 eday r¨Ub)Åt m¨aTIn(Robert Martin)karKUrbgØajBITMhMstVlÁit eday r¨Ub)Åt m¨aTIn (Robert Martin)

Rkbmux; dwked] RswgbEnøébtg (Nezara viridula) ztrUbeday r¨Ub)Åt m¨aTIn (Robert Martin)

stVlÁitcéRg

ÉksarENnaM BIkarkMNt´GtþsBa¦aNstVlÁitcéRg nigstVlÁit manRbeyaCn* RBmTaMgBIgBag kñúgRbB&nÆdaMduHdMNaMtMbn´x¬g´rab enARbeTskm¬úCa

b¨ul can´ZI (POL CHANTHY) es¬hVanI Eb)lehV{l (STEPHANIE BELFIELD) nig r¨Ub)Åt m¨aTIn (ROBERT

MARTIN)

2011

stVlÁit elIdMNaMcMkarenARbeTskm¬úCa

stVlÁitcéRg

buBVkzaÉksarENnaMBIstVlÁitenH RtUv:nbeg,IteLIgsRmab´ksikr nigGñkpSBVpSaykñúgRbB&nÆdaMduH dMNaMtMbn´x¬g´rabenARbeTskm¬úCa. ÉksarenHRtUv:nóbtæmÖedaymCÄmNÐlGURsþalI sMrab´ karRsavRCavksikmµGnþrCati (ACIAR)) nigviTüasæanRsavRCav nigGPivD¿n¾ksikmµkm¬úCa (CARDI).

yuTÆsaRsþkat´bnæyPaBRkIRkzñak´Catirbs´raCrdðaPi:lkm¬úCa ‘2003-2005’ :nkMNt´ mCÄmNÐlRsavRCav nigRbB&nÆpSBVpSayoepþatelIksikrxñattUc nigsg,t´Zán´kareRbIR:s´ óbkrN¾ nigkarGnuvtþn¾ karRKb´RKgsmRsbkñúgRbB&nÆdaMduHdMNaM. CaGaTiPaBRtUv:npþl´ okarGnuvtþn¾BiBiZkmµ ‘cRmuH ßepSg>Kña’ nigRbBlvb|kmµénplitkmµksikmµRbkbeday nirnþrPaB CamYynwgZnZanBIxageRkAtictYc k*dUcCakarGnuvtþn¾karRKb´RKgkarcMNay RbkbedayRbsiTÆPaB.

mCÄmNÐlGURsþalI sRmab´karRsavRCavksikmµGnþrCati‘eGsuIGayeGGa-ACIAR’ :nTTYl Par;d*lM:kTaMgenH enAqñaM2003 CamYynwgKMeragmYy KWGPivD¿RbB&nÆksikmµRbkbeday nirnþrPaB sRmab´BiBiZkmµdMNaM (ASEM/2000/109). KMeragenH:nepþatelIdMNaMeBat sENþkes[g lá sENþk:y sENþkdI nigsENþkGg<úy enAtMbn´x¬g´rabénextþkMBg´cam nigextþ:t´dMbg.

eKalbMNgrbs´KeRmag KWCYykat´bnæyPaBRkIRk nigcUlrYmcMENkeZVIomansnþisuxes|{g enAkMritRKYsar nigkMritzñak´CatienAkñúgRbeTskm¬úCa tamry;karGPivD¿n¾bec©kviTüa nigkala nuvtþPaB ‘Okas’ sRmab´plitkmµdMNaMenAtMbn´x¬g´rab minEmnCadMNaMRsUv. dMeNIrén karRsavRCav :nBak´B&nÆeTAnwgkarBiPakSaCamYyksikr kareZVIomansuBlPaBnUvcMeNHdwg kñúgtMbn´ karcgRkgÉksartamkrNIsikSa nigkarkMNt´CaGaTiPaBsRmab´kareZVIBiesaZn¾ tamcMkar.

kñúgcenøaHqñaM2004- 2006 RkumbuK<likKeRmag:neZVIzñalBiesaZn¾ nigzñalbgØajtam cMkarksikrmancMnYn153kEnøg. karRsavRCavenH pþl´nUvmUldðanRKwHCakBa©b´énkarbgØaj mYyénbec©kviTüazµI> nigkarEklMGrkarGnuvtþn¾ sRmab´plitkmµdMNaMcMkar. kBa©b´énkar bgØajenHrYmman; EklMGrBUC Gnusasn¾eRbIR:s´CI kareRbIér¨hSÚb)Iy¨Um (Rhizobium)

karkat´bnæykarP¢Ürras´dI nigkarrkSakaksMNl´dMNaMkñúgcMkar. buK<likmnÞIrksikmµextþ nigbuK<likGg<karminEmnrdðaPi:l enAextþ:t´dMbg nigextþkMBg´cam RtUv:nbNþúH bNþalBIkarGnuvtþn¾ kareZVIbgØajBIbec©kviTüazµI> nigkarEklMGrreb[bkarGnuvtþn¾enAtam cMkarkñúgqñaM2007.

buBVkza 3

enAqñaM2008 KeRmageGsuIeGGa (ACIAR) zµImYy KWGPivD¿RbB&nÆplitkmµ nigTIpSarRbkb edaynirnþrPaB sRmab´dMNaMsENþkes[g nigdMNaMeBat enABayBüénRbeTskm¬úCa (ASEM/2006/130). KeRmagzµIenH epþatsMxan´eTAelIkareZVIBiesaZn¾bgØajtamcMkarksikr EdlGacCRmujomankarpøas´bþÚrénkarGnuvtþn¾kardaMduH edIm|IeZIVkarvaytémø nigEkrlMGrnUv bTdðanGnuvtþbec©kviTüa Edl:nBiesaZn¾sakl|gCaelIkdMbUg enAkñúgqñaM2007. KeRmag zµIenHRtUv:nBRgIkpgEdr edaydak´bBa©ÚlrYmKñaénRbB&nÆplitkmµ nigTIpSar.

édKUrrbs´KeRmagenH kñúgRbeTsGU®sþalI rYmmansalkviTüal&y j¨ÚvGuIgELn (University of New England) j¨ÚvesAEv¨l ósSahkmµ nigvinieyaK (Industry and Investment NSW) salkviTüal&y kanbWra¨ (University of Canberra) salkviTüal&y Em¨lbWn (University of Melbourne) nigGg<karRsavRCavósSahkmµ nigviTüasa®sþrdðaPi:l [Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)]. PaKIédKUkñúgRbeTskm¬úCaenAkñúgKeRmag rYmmanviTüasæanRsavRCav nigGPivD¿n¾ksikmµkm¬úCa (CARDI) mUlniZi m¨adkS cUlI Pit (Maddox Jolie-Pitt Foundation) Gg<karEXr km¬úCa (CARE Cambodia) nigRksYgBaniC¢kmµkm¬úCa.

es[vePAenHKWCaEpñkmYy énkRmges[vePAEdl:nplit nige:HBum¬pSayeday eGsuIGayeGGa (ACIAR) kñúgkaróbtæmÖKaMRTénkareZVIbgØaj tamcMkarksikréndMNaMcMkar enAtMbn´x¬g´rabénRbeTskm¬úCa§

bNÐit nik GUsÞIn (Nick Austin)

GK<naykRbtibtþi eGsIueGGa (ACIAR)

4 stVlÁitelIdMNaMcMkar enARbeTskm¬úCa

stVlÁitcéRg

buBVkza 3esckþIepþIm 9GMBIstVlÁit 11GMBIBIgBag 15esckþIENnaMBIkareRbIR:s´es[vePA 16Epñk1 stVlÁitcéRg 17Epñk2 stVlÁitmanRbeyaCn¾ nigBIgBag 97snÞanuRkm 127karGanbEnæm 131

matíkarGtæbT

matikarGtæbT 5

Epñk1 stVlÁitcéRg 17

lMdab´ Coleoptera 18RKYsar Chrysomelidae 18

GeNþIkmaselIel¬A ßGeNþIkmaskEvg- Aulacophora similis 18GeNþIkmassIusøwk- Monolepta signata 20

RKYsar Coccinellidae 22GeNþIkmascMnuc- Henosepilachna vigintisexpunctata 22

RKYsar Curculionidae 24xµÚtdIBN(mas- Hypomeces squamosus 24

lMdab´ Diptera 26RKYsar Agromyzidae 26

ruykUnsENþk- Ophiomyia phaseoli 26lMdab´ Hemiptera 28

RKYsar Aleyrodidae 28ruyzñaMCk´- Bemisia tabaci 28

RKYsar Alydidae 30RswgePøAZM ßRswgsENþkBN(etñat- Riptortus linearis 30

RKYsar Aphididae 32écsENþk- Aphis craccivora 32écsENþkes[g- Aphis glycines 34éceBat- Rhopalosiphum maidis 36

RKYsar Cicadellidae 38mmacsøwkBN(Rkhm- Bothrogonia ferruginea 38

RKYsar Coreidae 40RswgCBa¢k´EpøsENþk- Anoplocnemis phasiana 40RswgsENþkbnøa- Cletus bipunctatus 42

RKYsar Pentatomidae 44Rswgébtg- Nezara viridula 44RswgsENþkv&NÐRkhm- Piezodorus hybneri 46RswgsÁúysøabBN(etñat- Plautia affinis 48

RKYsar Plataspidae 50RswgsENþkBN(exµA - Brachyplatys subaeneus 50

RKYsar Pseudococcidae 52écemS¨A 52

RKYsar Pyrrhocoridae 54Rswgkb|as ‘eKam¨’ - Dysdercus cingulatus 54

6 stVlÁitelIdMNaMcMkar enARbeTskm¬úCa

stVlÁitcéRg

lMdab´ Isoptera 56RKYsar Termitidae 56

keNþ{- Macrotermes, Microtermes and Hypotermes spp. 56lMdab´ Lepidoptera 58

RKYsar Gelechiidae 58dg,ÚvsuIej¨søwksENþkdI- Aproaerema modicella 58dg,ÚvsuIej¨søwksENþkdI- Stomopteryx subsecivella 60

RKYsar Lymantriidae 62dg,ÚveramEvg- Euproctis sp. 62

RKYsar Noctuidae 64dg,ÚvlØúgeRbg- Achaea janata 64dg,Úv:k´xñg- Anomis sp. 66dg,ÚvsIurUgEpøsENþk- Helicoverpa armigera 68dg,ÚvsMbuk ‘dg,ÚvhVÚg’- Spodoptera litura 70

RKYsar Pyralidae 72dg,ÚvmUrsøwklá- Antigastra catalaunalis 72emGMe¶EpøEb¨sBN(el]g- Conogethes punctiferalis 74emGMe¶Rtsk´ ßÓLwk- Diaphania indica 76dg,ÚvsIurUgEpøsENþkes[g- Etiella zinckenella 78dg,ÚvsIurUgEpøsENþk- Maruca vitrata 80dg,ÚvmUrsøwksENþkes[g - Omiodes indicata 82dg,ÚvsIurUgEpøeBatGasIu- Ostrinia furnacalis 84dg,ÚvmUrsøwk- Spoladea recurvalis 86

RKYsar Sphingidae 88

dg,Úvxñay- Acherontia styx (eastern death’s-head hawk moth) 88dg,ÚvxñaycMNuc ßdg,ÚvdMLÚgCVa- Agrius convolvuli 90

lMdab´ Orthoptera 92 RKYsar Acrididae 92

kNþÚblUKUs- Locusta migratoria 92

lMdab´ Thysanoptera 94 RKYsar Thripidae 94

RTIbzñaMCk´- Thrips tabaci 94

matikarGtæbT 7

Epñk2 stVlÁitmanRbeyaCn¾ nigBIgBag 97

lMdab´ Arachnida 98RKYsar Oxyopidae 98

BIgBageCIgbnøa 98RKYsar Salticidae 98

BIgBagelat 98lMdab´ Coleoptera 100

Coccinellidae 100GeNþIkmasR:MmYycMnuc- Cheilomenes sexmaculata 100GeNþIkmaskuksIuENllIt- Coccinella transversalis 102

lMdab´ Dermaptera 104 stVknÞúyBIr 104lMdab´ Diptera 106

RKYsar Syrphidae 106 ruysMkaMg 106

RKYsar Tachinidae 108 ruytaQInId 108 ruyeCIgZM - Trichopoda spp. 110lMdab´ Hemiptera 112

RKYsar Pentatomidae 112RswgExl - Oechalia schellenbergii 112

RKYsar Reduviidae 114 RswgeBCÄXat 114lMdab´ Hymenoptera 116 Óm¨al´brasit 116 Óm¨al´eRbdaT&r 116

RKYsar Formicidae 118RsemaceRbdaT&r 118

RKYsar Scelionidae 120Óm¨al´brasitsIuBg - Trissolcus basalis 120

lMdab´ Mantodea 122RKYsar Mantidae 122

kNþÚbbukRsUv 122lMdab´ Neuroptera 124 stVlÁitsøabsMNaj´ 124

8 stVlÁitelIdMNaMcMkar enARbeTskm¬úCa

stVlÁitcéRg

esckþIepþIm 9

esckþIepþImdMNaM KWCaeKaledAénkarbMpøajBIstVlÁiteRcInRbePTenAkñúgbrisæantMbn´RtUBicesIménRbeTs km¬úCa CalTÆplbNþalomankarxUcxaty¨agxøaMg nigxatbg´Epñkesdðkic©.ÉksarENnaMenH nwgCYykñúgkarkMNt´GtþsBa¦aNstVlÁitséRgsMxan´>enAelIdMNaMsMxan´> éndMNaMcMkarenARbeTskm¬úCa dUcCa; sENþkGg<úy eBat sENþk:y sENþkdI lá nigsENþkes[g. bu¨Enþ minEmnRKb´stVlÁitTaMgGs´Edl:neXIjenAelIdMNaM KWCastVlÁit céRgenaHeT KWmanstVlÁitmYycMnYn nigBBYkBIgBag edIrtYry¨agsMxan´kñúgkarrkSastVlÁit céRgonUvcMnYnGacRKb´RKg:n.es[vePAENnaMenH eZVIkarBiBN(nay¨agseg¡bBIstVlÁitcéRg nigkarbMpøajEdlrbs´BYkva RBmTaMgBt(manGMBIstVlÁitmanRbeyaCn¾ nigBIgBagCaeRcInRbePTEdlGaceXIjmanenAelI dMNaMcMkarenAkñúgRbeTskm¬úCa. RbsiTÆiPaBrbs´stVlÁitmanRbeyaCn¾ GacnwgekIneLIgeday viZankarcRmuHRKb´RKgktþacéRg nigkareRbIR:s´zñaMsmøab´stVlÁitedaymankarRbugRby&tñ§

elakb¨ul can´ZI bgØajBIkareRbIR:s´ kRnþgbk´stVlÁitenA eBleZVIsik¡asalamYy sþIBIviZankarcRmuHRKb´ RKgktþacéRg kñúgextþkMBg´cam§

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GMBIstVlÁitstVlÁit KWCaBBYkstVtUc>«tqÁwgxñg. BYkvamaneRKagqÁwgxageRkAEdlrwgmaM b¨uEnþvaCaPñas tP¢ab´Kña. dgxøÜnrbs´vaEckCaEpñk ehIymanP¢ab´edayeCIgbIKU ‘eCIgsrubmancMnYn6’ nigmansøabcMnYn1 rW2KU ‘rUbPaB1’.dgxøÜnrbs´stVlÁit EckCabIEpñkKW k|al RTUg (thorax) nigeBaH (abdomen). k|alCakEnøgsIuGahar nigviJ¦aN vaRTGg´Etn EPñk nigmat´. Gg´EtnCakEnøgR:b´ dMNwgtamry;køwn nigkarb¨H. eCIg nigTMrBg KWCaviJ¦aNd*mansar;sMxan´pgEdrsRmab´ dwgkøwn nigkarb¨H. EPñk edayrYmTaMgEPñksmas ‘enACastVeBjv&y nigemGMe¶’ ßk*Ca EPñkZmµta EdleKehAzaGUEsllI (ocelli) ß Twmm¨a (temma) ‘enACaBBYkdg,Úv- caterpillars). EPñksmas ekIteLIgBIcMnYnd*eRcInénEkvEPñk ‘óTahrN¾ enAkñúgEPñk smasruynImYy>manEkvEPñkRbmaNCa 4000’. mat´ rYmTaMgbbUrmat´elImYy (eLR:m- labrum) z<amsMxan´ ßz<ammux (mandibles) mYyKU z<ambnÞab´bnSM ßz<ameRkay

(maxillae) mYyKU nigbbUrmat´eRkammYy (eL:)m - labrum). mat´:nERbRbYleTAtam RkumstVlÁitepSg> GaRs&yelIcMNIGaharrbs´BYkva. mat´KWCacMnucmYy kñúgcMeNamcMnuc sMxan´>epSg>eT[tkñúgkarEbgEcklMdab´stVlÁit ‘RKb´BBYksøabrwg manmat´sRmab´TMBar ßxaMsIu rIÉBBYkRswg manbMBg´ rWm¢úlsRmab´cak´TmøúH nigbWtCJ¢k´’. edImRTUg ßEpñk kNþaléndgxøÜn KWCakEnøgeZVIclna ehIyRTUgmanbIEpñk dUcCa; RTUgmux (prothorax)

rUbPaB1 EpñkTaMgLayénstVlÁit

k|alRTUgmux

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z<ammuxEPñksmasGg´Etn

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z<ameRkay

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12 stVlÁitelIdMNaMcMkar enARbeTskm¬úCa

RTUgkNþal (mesothorax) nigRTUgeRkay (metathorax). EpñknImYy>maneCIgmYy KU ehIycMeBaHstVlÁitEdlehIr enAelIEpñknImYy>énEpñkTI2 nigTI3 k*mansøabmYyKUEdr. søabmanPñaselImYy nigPñaseRkammYy ehIyenAcenøaHPñasTaMgBIrenH P¢ab´y¨agrwgmaMeday eRKagmYyénbMBg´éxZIn (chitin) EdleKs<al´zaRTnugsøab. søabmYyKU KWGacERbRbYl rIÉBBYkkEJ© ‘BBYksøabrwg’ beg,ItEpñkxageRkArwg.eBaH ßEpñkcugeRkayéndgxøÜn KWCakEnøgbnþBUC nigrMlayGahar EdlcMNIGaharRtUv:n rMlay rYcbeJ©jecal ehIyvak*CakEnøgpÞúknUvsrIrag<bnþBUC. cMeBaHstVjI EpñkenHCa TUeTACa kEnøgbeBa©jBg ßTMrBg (ovipositor) ehIystVlÁitCaeRcIn manknÞúymYyKU enAEpñkenH.stVlÁitPaKeRcIn dkdegØImtambMBg´xül´tUc> EdlehAza bMBg´xül´ (tracheae) Edl ebIkP¢ab´eTAxageRkAedayrnÆdegØIm ‘ßpøÚvdegØIm- spiracles) enACab´nwgeBaH. karbnþBUC KWmanlk¡N;epSg>Kña b¨uEnþstVlÁitPaKeRcInjas´ecjBIBg. karbnþBUC CaZmµtaekIteLIgEtmþgKt´ ehIyk*søab´Pøam>bnÞab´BIBak´KñarYc. karbnþBUCEtgEttRmUvo stVeQµal nigjIBak´Kña b¨uEnþvamanPaBxusKñapgEdr enAkñúgrUbPaBenH óTahrN¾ écmYy cMnYn GacbnþBUC:nedayKµanstVeQµal.lMdab´stVlÁitmYycMnYn dUcCa Coleoptera ‘BBYkkEJ© ßsøabrwg’ Diptera ‘BBYkruy’ nig Lepidoptera ‘BBYkemGMe¶’ mandMNak´´kalxus>KñaCarUbsaRsþ enAkñúgvdþCIvitrbs´va ‘rUbPaB 2’. stVlÁitminTan´eBjv&y ‘dg,Úv- larvae’ jas´ecjBIBg EdlCaTUeTAkUn jas´ manTMrg´CaBBYkdg,Úv ßCam¨akkUt (caterpillar, grub or maggot) ehIyqøg kat´karpøas´bþÚrrUbragsMxan´>CaeRcIn ‘karERbRbYlrUbrag- metamorphosis’ enAmun dMNak´kaleBjv&y. dMNak´kalnImYy>eKehAza sMNkkmµmYy ‘dMNak´kal - instar’. stVlÁiter[bnwgERbRbYlrUbrag CaTUeTA vaqøgkat´dMNak´kalsMrakCamunsinmYy EdleKehAza dwked]. eBlEdlkarpøas´bþÚrcb´sBVRKb´ehIy stVlÁiteBjv&yk*elcrUb rag<eLIg. stVlÁitdéTeT[t dUcCalMdab´ Blattodea ‘knøat’ lMdab´ Hemiptera ‘Rswg’ nig cRgit nigkNþÚb (Orthoptera) karvivdþxøÜnedayqøgkat´dMNak´kalkUnjas´ (nymphal) ‘sMNkkmµ’ EdlemIleTARsed[geTAnwgstVeBjv&ytUclÁit ‘rUbPaB3’. CaTUeTA karxusKñaCasMxan´KWstVeBjv&y søabmantYnaTIeBjelj eTaHbICastVmYycMnYn minmansøabk*eday§

stVlÁitcéRg

GMBIstVlÁit 13

rUbPaB2 vdþCIviténdg,Úvxñay (Acherontia styx). stVlÁitCamYynwgdMNak´kalxus>Kña CarUbsaRsþ

BBYkdg,Úv ‘dg,Úv’

sMNkkmµTI 5-7 ‘dMNak´kal’

dg,ÚveZVIsMbuk nigkøayCadwked]

karERbRbYlrUbrag< nigkarelcecjrUbrag<

emGMe¶Bg

Bgjas´ nigdg,Úvcab´epþIm

sIucMNI

emGMe¶

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BgvdþCIvit

14 stVlÁitelIdMNaMcMkar enARbeTskm¬úCa

rUbPaB3 vdþCIvit énRswgébtg stVRswgébtgCamYynwgdMNak´kalEdlmanlk¡N;Rsed[g eTAnigstVeBjv&y

Bg dMNak´kalTI1 dMNak´kalTI2 dMNak´kalTI3

dMNak´kalTI4 dMNak´kalTI5 eBjv&y