Consultant role to modernize and improvise several plants across the country

Disseminate technologies to other players in the sector

Consultant role “Partnership in Excellence” Programme for improvement of PLF of 15 Power Stations of SEBs.

Rural Electrification work under Rajiv Gandhi Garmin Vidyutikaran

Environment Management

All stations of NTPC are ISO 14001 certified

Various groups to care of environmental issues

The Environment Management Group

Ash Utilization Division

Afforestation Group

Centre for Power Efficiency & Environment Protection

Group on Clean Development Mechanism

NTPC is the second largest owner of trees in the country after the Forest department.

JOURNEY OF NTPC

NTPC was set up in 1975 with 100% ownership by the Government of India. In the last 30 years, NTPC has grown into the largest power utility in India.

In 1997, Government of India granted NTPC status of “Navratna’ being one of the nine jewels of India, enhancing the powers to the Board of Directors.

NTPC became a listed company with majority Government ownership of 89.5%.NTPC becomes third largest by Market Capitalization of listed companies

The company rechristened as NTPC Limited in line with its changing business portfolio and transforms itself from a thermal power utility to an integrated power utility.

National Thermal Power Corporation is the largest power generation company in India. Forbes Global 2000 for 2008 ranked it 411th in the world.

National Thermal Power Corporation is the largest power generation company in India. Forbes Global 2000 for 2008 ranked it 317th in the world.

1975

1997

2005

2004

2008

2009

NTPC has also set up a plan to achieve a target of 50,000 MW generation capacity.

NTPC has embarked on plans to become a 75,000 MW company by 2017.

NTPC is the largest power utility in India, accounting for about 20% of India’s installed capacity.

THEMAL POWER PLANT

2017

2012

INTRODUCTION

Power Station (also referred to as generating station or power plant) is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power plant is also used to refer to the engine in ships, aircraft and other large vehicles. Some prefer to use the term energy center because it more accurately describes what the plants do, which is the conversion of other forms of energy, like chemical energy, gravitational potential energy or heat energy into electrical energy. However, power plant is the most common term in the U.S., while elsewhere power station and power plant are both widely used, power station prevailing in many Commonwealth countries and especially in the United Kingdom.

A coal-fired Thermal Power PlantAt the center of nearly all power stations is a generator, a rotating machine that converts Mechanical energy into Electrical energy by creating relative motion

between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the

generator varies widely. It depends chiefly on what fuels are easily available and the types of technology that the power company has access to.

In thermal power stations, mechanical power is produced by a heat engine, which transforms Thermal energy (often from combustion of a fuel) into rotational energy. Most thermal power stations produce steam, and these are sometimes called steam power stations. About 80% of all electric power is generated by use of steam turbines. Not all thermal energy can be transformed to mechanical power, according to the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, there is always heat lost to the environment. If this loss is employed as useful heat, for industrial processes or district heating, the power plant is referred to as a cogeneration power plant or CHP (combined heat-and-power) plant. In countries where district heating is common, there are dedicated heat plants called heat-only boiler stations. An important class of power stations in the Middle East uses by-product heat for desalination of water.

CLASSIFICATION

By fuel

• Nuclear power plants use a nuclear reactor's heat to operate a steam turbine generator.

• Fossil fuelled power plants may also use a steam turbine generator or in the case of natural gas fired plants may use a combustion turbine.

• Geothermal power plants use steam extracted from hot underground rocks.

• Renewable energy plants may be fuelled by waste from sugar cane, municipal solid waste, landfill methane, or other forms of biomass.

• In integrated steel mills, blast furnace exhaust gas is a low-cost, although low-energy density, fuel.• Waste heat from industrial processes is occasionally concentrated enough to use for power generation, usually in a steam boiler and turbine.

By prime mover

• Steam turbine plants use the dynamic pressure generated by expanding steam to turn the blades of a turbine. Almost all large non-hydro plants use this system.

• Gas turbine plants use the dynamic pressure from flowing gases to directly operate the turbine. Natural-gas fuelled turbine plants can start rapidly and so are used to supply "peak" energy during periods of high demand, though at higher cost than base-loaded plants. These may be comparatively small units, and sometimes completely unmanned, being remotely operated. This type was pioneered by the UK, Prince town being the world's first, commissioned in 1959.

• Combined cycle plants have both a gas turbine fired by natural gas, and a steam boiler and steam turbine which use the exhaust gas from the gas turbine to produce electricity. This greatly increases the overall efficiency of the plant, and many new base load power plants are combined cycle plants fired by natural gas.

• Internal combustion Reciprocating engines are used to provide power for isolated communities and are frequently used for small cogeneration plants. Hospitals, office buildings, industrial plants, and other critical facilities also use them to provide backup power in case of a power outage. These are usually fuelled by diesel oil, heavy oil, natural gas and landfill gas.

• Micro turbines, Sterling engine and internal combustion reciprocating engines are low cost solutions for using opportunity fuels, such as landfill gas, digester gas from water treatment plants and waste gas from oil production.

FUNCTIONING

In a thermal power plant, one of coal, oil or natural gas is used to heat the boiler to convert the water into steam. The steam is used to turn a turbine, which is connected to a generator. When the turbine turns, electricity is generated and given as output by the generator, which is then supplied to the consumers through high-voltage power lines.

Process of a Thermal Power Plant

Detailed process of power generation in a thermal power plant:

1) Water intake: Firstly, water is taken into the boiler through a water source. If water is available in a plenty in the region, then the source is an open pond or river. If water is scarce, then it is recycled and the same water is used over and over again.

2) Boiler heating: The boiler is heated with the help of oil, coal or natural gas. A furnace is used to heat the fuel and supply the heat produced to the boiler. The increase in temperature helps in the transformation of water into steam.

3) Steam Turbine: The steam generated in the boiler is sent through a steam turbine. The turbine has blades that rotate when high velocity steam flows across them. This rotation of turbine blades is used to generate electricity.

4) Generator: A generator is connected to the steam turbine. When the turbine rotates, the generator produces electricity which is then passed on to the power distribution systems.

5) Special mountings: There is some other equipment like the economizer and air pre-heater.An economizer uses the heat from the exhaust gases to heat the feed water. An air pre-heater heats the air sent into the combustion chamber to improve the efficiency of the combustion process.

6) Ash collection system: There is a separate residue and ash collection system in place to collect all the waste materials from the combustion process and to prevent them from escaping into the atmosphere.Apart from this, there are various other monitoring systems and instruments in place to keep track of the functioning of all the devices. This prevents any hazards from taking place in the plant.

OPERATION

Introduction

The operating performance of NTPC has been considerably above the national average. The availability factor for coal stations has increased from 85.03 % in 1997-98 to 90.09 % in 2006-07, which compares favourably with international standards. The PLF has increased from 75.2% in 1997-98 to 89.4% during the year 2006-07 which is the highest since the inception of NTPC.

Operation Room of Power Plant

In Badarpur Thermal Power Station, steam is produced and used to spin a turbine that operates a generator. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser; this is known as a Rankine cycle. Shown here is a diagram of a conventional thermal power plant, which uses coal, oil, or natural gas as fuel to boil water to produce the steam. The electricity generated at the plant is sent to consumers through high-voltage power lines.The Badarpur Thermal Power Plant has Steam Turbine-Driven Generators which has a collective capacity of 705MW. The fuel being used is Coal which is supplied from the Jharia Coal Field in Jharkhand.Water supply is given from the Agra Canal.

Table: Capacity of Badarpur Thermal Power Station, (BTPS) New Delhi

There are basically three main units of a thermal power plant:

1. Steam Generator or Boiler

2. Steam Turbine

3.Electric Generator